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Suzuki, Eiichi, Yongxun Liu, Kazuhiko Endo, Takashi Matsukawa, Meisyoku Masahara, Kunihiro Sakamoto, and Shinichi O'uchi. "Advanced DG-MOSFETs Process Technologies." ECS Transactions 11, no. 6 (December 19, 2019): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2778391.
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Khetrapal, Pavan. "Distributed Generation: A Critical Review of Technologies, Grid Integration Issues, Growth Drivers and Potential Benefits." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 189–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.9.2.189-205.
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Owing to liberalization of electricity market, technology evolution, energy security, environmental issues and growing concerns of energy cost, the penetration of distributed energy units in distribution network is increasingly observed worldwide. Penetratingrembedded generation, or distributedrgeneration (DG), in powerrdistribution grid requires asnumber of issues to be considered, such as definition of DG, rating of DG, the best DG technology etc. This paper presents an extensive critical review of various dimensions of distributed generation (DG) including definitions, generation technologies and their status, impact on distribution network performance etc. The study also presents comparative study between the various technologies in terms of most important technological characteristics of each DG technology. The policy makers, utility regulators and DG planning engineers can use this critical review, withoutigoing through complicatedicomputations, as guidelines to makeipolicies, standards andidecisions in DG penetration andirelated issues. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
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Agrawal, Ram Kumar, and Kamal Kishore Khatri. "Comparison of Technological Options for Distributed Generation-Combined Heat and Power in Rajasthan State of India." Journal of Energy 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/712319.
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Distributed generation (DG) of electricity is expected to become more important in the future electricity generation system. This paper reviews the different technological options available for DG. DG offers a number of potential benefits. The ability to use the waste heat from fuel-operated DG, known as combined heat and power (CHP), offers both reduced costs and significant reductions of CO2emissions. The overall efficiency of DG-CHP system can approach 90 percent, a significant improvement over the 30 to 35 percent electric grid efficiency and 50 to 90 percent industrial boiler efficiency when separate production is used. The costs of generation of electricity from six key DG-CHP technologies; gas engines, diesel engines, biodiesel CI engines, microturbines, gas turbines, and fuel cells, are calculated. The cost of generation is dependent on the load factor and the discount rate. It is found that annualized life cycle cost (ALCC) of the DG-CHP technologies is approximately half that of the DG technologies without CHP. Considering the ALCC of different DG-CHP technologies, the gas I.C. engine CHP is the most effective for most of the cases but biodiesel CI engine CHP seems to be a promising DG-CHP technology in near future for Rajasthan state due to renewable nature of the fuel.
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Ignat'ev, S., Z. Tret'yakova, and Marianna Voronina. "Augmented Reality in Descriptive Geometry." Geometry & Graphics 8, no. 2 (August 17, 2020): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2308-4898-2020-41-50.
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In this paper is investigated the possibility of Augmented Reality (AR) technologies contextualizing in teaching methods for “Descriptive Geometry” (DG) student course. The aim of the investigation was the study of the current state of knowledge and practice in the field of DG students teaching with the help of AR-technologies, and identification of key issues affecting the adoption by users (teachers and students) of AR-technologies as a modern educational tool in the. Conducted an analysis of existing researches in the field of modern educational tool in the field of DG. Has been carried out the analysis of current investigations in the field of DG students teaching based on AR-technology. The key problems affecting the adoption by users of AR-technologies as an educational tool in the field of DG have been determined. Existing methods of DG students teaching using AR-technologies in St. Petersburg Mining University are gradually completed and updated. The work results showed that students have a positive perception of educational classes on DG course based on AR-technologies. Students successfully solve DG problems using AR-technology based on Vuforia platform; create 3-D models of geometric entities in SketchUp, and labels for camera fixing based on AutoCAD. When creating the software, the compiled C ++ programming language is used, based on which scripts (markers) are written that lift 3-D models of objects to given planes. The study results will be useful for developers of AR-platforms, AR-applications in the field of DG students training. They will allow avoid projects that may cause problems with the convenience of AR-applications using, what, in turn, will lead to the rejection of users from the introduction of this technology when getting students education in DG.
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Stulic, Radovan, and Jelena Atanackovic. "Implementation of computer technologies in descriptive geometry teaching: Surfaces of revolution." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 2, no. 5 (2003): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace0305379s.
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The proper estimation of computer technologies is very important when computers are to be implemented in the educational process. Otherwise, if not implemented properly, the quality of students' education may be seriously imperiled. This is crucial when Descriptive geometry (DG) is the matter; the discipline that develops and improves the students' spatial visualization ability (SVA). Unfortunately, nowadays, there is a tendency that some educators, mostly non- geometricians, being destitute of profound knowledge of DG, and not fully understanding the fundamental importance of DG, find themselves involved in computerization of DG, using various CAD programs and thus, force students to (computer aided ? CA) draw already well known standardized objects and consequently train their capabilities typical for draughtsman. In this paper we, propose how and to which extent the computerization of DG should be carried out. The previous has been governed by the criteria of facilitating students' comprehension of spatial relationships, orientation and visualization. We have developed the procedure for the representation of surfaces of revolution (SOR) and their shades and shadows on planes. What is to be emphasized on the matter is that each CA approach to DG teaching should follow the traditional DG reasoning and the step-by-step acquisition of fine solution, offering students the possibility of gradual process of visualization.
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Warid, Warid Sayel, Hashim Hizam, Norman Mariun, and Noor Izzri Abdul-Wahab. "Mapping of optimum placement of distributed generation in meshed power networks with appropriate technologies." World Journal of Engineering 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2016-043.
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Purpose This study aims to propose a sensitivity-based methodology for the optimum accommodation of distributed generation (DG) units in meshed power networks with appropriate technologies. The effect of load variation is incorporated into the proposed methodology to identify the most trusted locations for DG placement. Design/methodology/approach The effectiveness of minimizing active power losses is considered a key criterion. A priority list comprising both sensitivity indexes and realistic indicators is deduced to rank the optimum sites for the placement of DG units. A sorting index for distinguishing the suitable DG type(s) for each candidate location is organized. Three common DG types are considered in this work. The modified IEEE 30-bus meshed system is chosen to perform the proposed methodology. Findings Results demonstrate that the obtained priority index can be used to achieve the best real loss minimization rates. Numerous load buses can be safely excluded as candidate locations using the proposed approach. Consequently, the methodology can minimize the computational process of diagnosing the optimum sites for DG accommodation. Originality/value The findings determine that instead of installing many DG units at various locations with one DG type, a few certain load buses can be used to accommodate more than one DG type and significantly reduce losses.
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Kovačić, Đurđica, Zdenko Lončarić, Jurica Jović, Danijela Samac, Brigita Popović, and Marina Tišma. "Digestate Management and Processing Practices: A Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 14, 2022): 9216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189216.
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The implementation of sustainable agro-energy systems that integrate crop, livestock, and bioenergy production is attracting increasing interest from farmers. Livestock produces large amounts of animal manure which can serve as organic fertilizer for crops and pasture growth. However, the nutrients contained in manure can adversely affect air, water, and soil quality and pose a public health risk if not handled properly. Existing manure management practices vary widely on a global scale. Researchers are striving to identify appropriate manure management practices with the aim of environmental protection. Anaerobic digestion of manure and subsequent digestate (DG) processing technologies have been proposed to stabilize manure so that it can be safely used for land applications. DG, which represents digested substrate removed from the anaerobic reactor after recovery of biogas, is a rich source of N, P, K, and S, various micronutrients, and organic matter, the addition of which to the soil can stimulate soil microbial biomass metabolic activities thus improving soil ecosystem function. However, the optimal fertilization properties of DG can be lost if it is neither fully stabilized nor contains biodegradable materials. To overcome these problems, various processing technologies can be used to convert DG into value-added by-products. Composting has been proposed as one such preferred post-treatment that can convert DG into mature, stable, safe, humus- and nutrient-rich compost. Other processing technologies such as thermal drying, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis, membrane filtration, struvite precipitation, ammonia stripping, and evaporation have also been proposed for DG processing and nutrient recovery from DG. The objective of this review paper was to provide an overview of the current state of the art in DG management regulations and practices and to provide an update on the various processes that have been developed to meet DG stabilization requirements, with a focus on composting as one of the preferred solutions.
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Shi, Hao Jie, Xing Ying Chen, Kai Chen, Jian Liu, and Kun Yu. "Study on the Impact of Distributed Generation on Distribution Power Losses." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1460.
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The impact of distributed generation (DG) on distribution power losses is closely related to DG technologies and load distribution. DG units are modeled as PQ, PQ(V) and PV nodes in power flow calculation. A revised back/forward power flow method is employed to calculate distribution power flow with various types of DG units. Power losses are computed when different types of DG units are connected to heavy load, general load and light load area apart. Simulation on IEEE 33-bus distribution network shows that connecting DG to heavy load area helps to maximize the loss reduction. And the installation of DG consuming reactive power will increase network losses unless reactive power compensation device is installed accordingly.
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Gianto, Rudy, M. Iqbal Arsyad, Purwoharjono Purwoharjono, Fitri Imansyah, and K. H. Khwee. "Distributed Generation in Electric Power Systems: An Overview and Important Issues." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS 18 (October 26, 2023): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.18.
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This paper discusses distributed generation (DG) in electric power systems. Various popular DG technologies that are currently used are also described, along with brief explanations of their working principles. It has been acknowledged that the integration of DG with renewable energy sources in power systems is increasing and will grow further. The main reason for this growth is the rising cost and environmental concerns of non-renewable energy sources (fossil fuels). Furthermore, DG offers some advantages, such as reducing power losses in transmission and distribution lines and improving power supply security. However, the increasing DG penetration brings technical implications for the power system to which the DG is connected. These critical issues are also highlighted in the present paper.
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Rahman, Saifur, Xin-cheng Ren, Ahsan Altaf, Muhammad Irfan, Mujeeb Abdullah, Fazal Muhammad, Muhammad Rizwan Anjum, Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal, and Fahad Salem AlKahtani. "Nature Inspired MIMO Antenna System for Future mmWave Technologies." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121083.
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In this work, a new Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna system with a novel shape inspired by nature is proposed for Fifth-Generation (5G) communication systems. The antenna is designed on a Rogers 5880. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 2.2, and the loss tangent is assumed to be 0.0009. The gain of the system for the desired bandwidth is nearly 8 dB. The simulated and the measured efficiency of the proposed system is 95% and 80%, respectively. To demonstrate the capability of the system as a potential candidate for future 5G communication devices, MIMO key performance parameters such as the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and Diversity Gain (DG) are computed. It is found that the proposed system has low ECC, constant DG, and high efficiency for the desired bandwidth.
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Zhang, Jian Xing, Yu Zhang, Zhi Hui Cao, Jin Song Liu, and Xin Xin Gu. "A Comprehensive Dispatch Management System for Distributed Generation Based on Cloud-Computing Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 716-717 (December 2014): 1156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.716-717.1156.
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At present, China has built a number of DG (distributed power generation) demonstration projects as part of intelligent cities, intelligent business parks, university campuses and residential areas. The interaction mechanism, among DGs-especially those with energy storage, the users and the distribution grid need to be clear; i.e. how to unify the coordination among solar power systems, small wind power generation systems, the battery energy reserve systems, and electrical vehicles, so as to optimize resources allocation, cut peak and compensate trough loads; how to enable future homes and business users has more flexibility, controllability on electricity usage thus to advance the technology development in the field of electricity usage. The above mentioned problems can be solved smoothly by researching on the comprehensive use of modern power electronic technologies, communication technologies, computer and network technologies, advanced sensor and measurement & control technology, to combine them together for monitoring, protection control, cloud computing , and management of power supply department for active distribution network after DG access, to constitute the comprehensive dispatching system based on the DG of cloud computing. Dispatching of DG for distance dispersion location and a huge number of terms, to based on the cloud computing is very cost-effective, and it is worthy of further study and application.
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Prehoda, Emily, Joshua Pearce, and Chelsea Schelly. "Policies to Overcome Barriers for Renewable Energy Distributed Generation: A Case Study of Utility Structure and Regulatory Regimes in Michigan." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040674.
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Because of its environmental damage and now often being the most expensive source for electricity production, coal use is declining throughout the United States. Michigan has no active coal mining and seemingly supportive legislation for distributed generation (DG) and renewable energy (RE) technologies. However, Michigan still derives approximately half of its power production from large centralized coal plants, despite the availability of much lower cost RE DG technologies. To understand this conundrum, this study reviews how Michigan investor owned utilities utilize their political power to perpetuate utility structures that work toward the financial interests of the utilities rather than the best interests of the state’s electricity consumers, including other firms and residents. Background is provided covering the concept of DG, the cost savings associated with DG, and utility regulatory regimes at the national, regional, state, and local levels. Recent case studies from specific utility strategies are provided in order to illustrate how Michigan utilities manipulate regulatory regimes via policy misinterpretation to deter or hinder the proliferation of DG in favor of maintaining the existing interests in centralized, fossil fuel-based electrical energy production. The results of this study demonstrate how DG proliferation is hindered by Michigan regulated utilities via the exercise of political power within existing legal and regulatory regimes. This highlights the need to think about how utilities may interpret and implement rules when designing energy legislation and policy to maximize the benefits for consumers and society. Policy recommendations and alternate strategies are provided to help enhance the role of energy policy to improve rather than limit the utilization of RE DG.
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Rojas Suarez, Jhan Piero, Mawency Vergel Ortega, and Sofia Orjuela Abril. "Analysis of the potential use of Distributed Generation in Colombia." Revista Boletín Redipe 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36260/rbr.v10i6.1338.
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Looking for the availability, access, and distribution of energy resources, the concepts of integration and distributed generation “DG” are created, it seeks to generate economic growth and prosperity, and of course, the reduction of pollutants to the environment. Under this scenario, regulatory laws have been implemented worldwide for the incentive, organization, and inclusion of different technologies based on renewable energy. This document contains some of the technologies used for distributed generation and deals with the threats that decrease polluting emissions. In addition, a couple of international cases (Spain and Argentina) are studied from the legal framework and their experience in the introduction of the DG, also seeks to land from these experiences to the Colombian national context located in Law 1517 of 2014, it still has different legal loopholes and is growing. This has allowed the growth of these technologies in our country and allows us to present the different areas with a high potential for electricity generation such as wind and solar energy, for example, in the upper Guajira, in order to present a strategy for implement these DG technologies and contribute to accelerating their implementation, giving security to investors and consumers.
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Ayodele, T. R., A. S. O. Ogunjuyigbe, and O. O. Akinola. "Optimal Location, Sizing, and Appropriate Technology Selection of Distributed Generators for Minimizing Power Loss Using Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Renewable Energy 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/832917.
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Genetic algorithm (GA) is utilized to select most suitable Distributed Generator (DG) technology for optimal operation of power system as well as determine the optimal location and size of the DG to minimize power loss on the network. Three classes of DG technologies, synchronous generators, asynchronous generators, and induction generators, are considered and included as part of the variables for the optimization problem. IEEE 14-bus network is used to test the applicability of the algorithm. The result reveals that the developed algorithm is able to successfully select the most suitable DG technology and optimally size and place the DGs to minimize power loss in the network. Furthermore, optimum multiple placement of DG is considered to see the possible impact on power loss in the network. The result reveals that multiple placements can further reduce the power loss in the network.
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Alawasa, Khaled. "Distributed Energy Resources Electrical Systems: Current status and Future prospective." Jordan Journal of Energy 1, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 37–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/jje.v1i1.59.
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Distributed generation (DG) is an approach that utilizes small scale technologies to generate electricity close to the consumer side. Generally, DG can provide high reliability, high security, low cost electricity, and less environment impact. This paper gives an overview of some of the most significant issues related to the distributed generation (DG). It discusses different aspects of DG, such as definitions, technologies, motivation for moving to DG, some drawbacks associated with the centralized systems which have led to DG. DGs challenges, standards and polices are also presented. In addition, the economic impact and a price comparison between central power plants and DGs are discussed. Also a case study was conducted in order to study the impact of using distributed generations in Edmonton downtown. Three distributed generations, combustion turbine types with 25 MW capacities each have been implemented in Edmonton power system. The total cost estimations have been studied in this case, and the results have revealed that this type of distributed generation is inexpensive and more economic compared with price from the utility. It was estimated from the calculation that the price for the energy is about ¢6.27/kWh while the current electricity price from the utility is ¢8.561/kWh, for long term estimation it is found that the proposed CTs in this project has 11 years for a payback period, after that the project start earning money which is relatively good and wroth investment. The second part of the study analyses the impact of DGs on the system losses using Power-World software, and the result have proven that the loss is significantly decreases when the DG systems are in operation, hence DGs help reducing the costs that associated with the system’s losses.
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Iweh, Chu Donatus, Samuel Gyamfi, Emmanuel Tanyi, and Eric Effah-Donyina. "Distributed Generation and Renewable Energy Integration into the Grid: Prerequisites, Push Factors, Practical Options, Issues and Merits." Energies 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 5375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175375.
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Power system operators are in search of proven solutions to improve the penetration levels of distributed generators (DGs) in the grid while minimizing cost. This transition is driven, among others, by global climate concerns, the growing power demand, the need for greater flexibility, the ageing grid infrastructure and the need to diversify sources of energy production. Distributed renewables would not easily substitute the conventional electric grid system, perhaps because the latter is a well-established technology and it would not be prudent to abandon it, while the new distributed renewable energy technologies are generally not adequately developed to support the total load. Thus, it is becoming increasingly necessary to consider sustainable options such as integrating renewable energy sources into the existing power grid. This study is a review that is mainly hinged on distributed generation (DG) classification, the challenges of DG to grid integration, practical options used in DG integration, lessons learned from some countries with successful DG to grid integration, push factors in the growth of DGs and the merits of DG to grid integration. These standpoints of DG to grid interconnection are critical in conducting grid planning and operational studies, which should be conducted in strict observance of aspects such as optimal technology selection, optimal capacity and a suitable connection point of DGs in the network. Therefore, the perspectives highlighted regarding DG can assist power system engineers, developers of DG plants and policymakers in developing a power network that is stable, efficient and reliable.
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Güler, Merve, and Gülçin Büyüközkan. "A Survey of Digital Government: Science Mapping Approach, Application Areas, and Future Directions." Systems 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems11120563.
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With the rapid development of digital technologies, digital transformation reshapes the functioning of governments. Digital government (DG) aims to leverage technology to enhance the delivery of public services, improve efficiency, and foster transparency. Embracing DG is a strategic imperative for governments looking to provide effective, transparent, and citizen-centric services in the 21st century. Therefore, many government organizations have intensified their DG efforts in response to its necessity. However, there is little clarity in the previous literature and a lack of uniform understanding among government employees, policymakers, and citizens regarding the concept of DG. Therefore, this study aims to analyze current DG research with science mapping, classify the research areas, and propose future directions for upcoming studies. A search was conducted on Web of Science and Scopus databases since the year 2000. VOSViewer software was used for visualizing and exploring bibliometric networks. This study is one of the first attempts to examine the DG area using the science mapping approach. Selected publications were categorized into research areas, and future directions were presented to bridge the identified research gaps. According to our results, the five main research areas are DG transformation, cybersecurity, public participation and social media, open government data and transparency, and e-Government adoption models. This study guides practitioners, academics, policymakers, and public employees in planning their future studies.
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Purlu, Mikail, and Belgin Emre Turkay. "Estimating the Distributed Generation Unit Sizing and Its Effects on the Distribution System by Using Machine Learning Methods." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 27, no. 4 (August 17, 2021): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.28864.
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Many approaches about the planning and operation of power systems, such as network reconfiguration and distributed generation (DG), have been proposed to overcome the challenges caused by the increase in electricity consumption. Besides the positive effects on the grid, contributions on environmental pollution and other advantages, the rapid developments in renewable energy technologies have made the DG resources an important issue, however, improper DG allocation may result in network damages. A lot of studies have been practised with analytical and heuristic methods based on load flow for optimal DG integration to the network. This novel method based on estimation is proposed to determine the size of DG and its effects on the network to get rid of the coercive and time-consuming load flow techniques. Machine learning algorithms, such as Linear Regression, Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Decision Tree, have been used for the estimations and have been applied to well-known test systems, such as IEEE 12-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus distribution systems. The accuracy of the proposed estimation methods has been verified with R-squared and mean absolute percentage error. Results show that the proposed DG allocation method is effective, applicable, and flexible.
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Adepoju, Gafari Abiola, Baruwa Abiodun Aderemi, Sunday Adeleke Salimon, and Oladosu Jamiu Alabi. "Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation for Power Loss Minimization in Distribution Network using Particle Swarm Optimization Technique." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2023.8.1.2886.
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Electrical power distribution network is the final stage in the delivery of electric power to consumers. It suffers from high power losses along its radial lines, and there is a need to minimize these losses. One of the technologies used in reducing losses is the application of Distributed Generation (DG). However, inappropriate sizing or placement of DG could inadvertently increase losses in the network. Therefore, this study carries out Optimal Placement and Sizing of DG (OPSDG) in the distribution system using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in reducing the total power loss of the distribution network. A mathematical model of distribution system without and with DG was developed from one voltage source representation to generate a set of equations using Bus Injection to Branch Current (BIBC) and Branch Current to Bus Voltage (BCBV) load flow technique. The model was optimized using PSO and implemented with MATLAB. In each case, the Loss Reduction Index (LRI) was computed. The approach was used on a Nigeria Distribution network 11 kV 34-bus Ayepe feeder of the Ibadan Electricity Distribution Company (IBEDC). The total LRI obtained using analytical technique for sizing and placement of DG is 0.1808 p.u. With the incorporation of DG using PSO, the total LRI is 0.2636 p.u. The best location and size of the DG unit in the network after optimization is at bus 14 with an active power of 5.00 MW. The results established that using PSO for DG placement and sizing significantly reduced the distribution network total power loss.
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Subramaniyan, Manikandan, Sasitharan Subramaniyan, Moorthy Veeraswamy, and Viswanatha Rao Jawalkar. "Optimal reconfiguration/distributed generation integration in distribution system using adaptive weighted improved discrete particle swarm optimization." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-08-2017-0344.
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Purpose This paper aims to address not only technical and economic challenges in electrical distribution system but also environmental impact and the depletion of conventional energy resources due to rapidly growing economic development, results rising energy consumption. Design/methodology/approach Generally, the network reconfiguration (NR) problem is designed for minimizing power loss. Particularly, it is devised for maximizing power loss reduction by simultaneous NR and distributed generation (DG) placement. A loss sensitivity factor procedure is incorporated in the problem formulation that has identified sensitivity nodes for DG optimally. An adaptive weighted improved discrete particle swarm optimization (AWIDPSO) is proposed for ascertaining a feasible solution. Findings In AWIDPSO, the adaptively varying inertia weight increases the possible solution in the global search space and it has obtained the optimum solution within lesser iteration. Moreover, it has provided a solution for integrating more amount of DG optimally in the existing distribution network (DN). Practical implications The AWIDPSO seems to be a promising optimization tool for optimal DG placement in the existing DN, DG placement after NR and simultaneous NR and DG sizing and placement. Thus, a strategic balance is derived among economic development, energy consumption, environmental impact and depletion of conventional energy resources. Originality/value In this study, a standard 33-bus distribution system has been analyzed for optimal NR in the presence of DG using the developed framework. The power loss in the DN has reduced considerably by indulging a new and innovative approaches and technologies.
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Kavyasree, R., J. Sridevi, and V. Usha Rani. "Reliability Analysis with Renewable DGs for Loss Reduction in Radial Distributed Generation." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901071.
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Nowadays, in the Evolving Power System, reliability testing plays an important role in the design and implementation of distribution systems that operate in a cost-effective manner with minimal customer load disruption. The distributed generation (DG) will play a major role in emerging Power systems as they use a variety of resources and technologies to harness energy in Power systems by reducing Power losses while maintaining the Voltage profile in the system within the limits set. In this paper, two case studies with one DG and two DGs were analysed. The results obtained showed that the DG Number with the plan will increase the reliability of the joint system. The proven system is verified before the IEEE 6-Bus Radial Distributed System to reflect exposure and impact on ETAP software.
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Hashemi-Dezaki, Hamed, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi Agah, Hossein Askarian-Abyaneh, and Homayoun Haeri-Khiavi. "Sensitivity analysis of smart grids reliability due to indirect cyber-power interdependencies under various DG technologies, DG penetrations, and operation times." Energy Conversion and Management 108 (January 2016): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.10.082.
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Hebali, Mourad, Menaouer Bennaoum, Mohammed Berka, Abdelkader Baghdad Bey, Mohammed Benzohra, Djilali Chalabi, and Abdelkader Saidane. "A high electrical performance of DG-MOSFET transistors in 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC 130 nm technology by BSIM3v3 model." Journal of Electrical Engineering 70, no. 2 (April 1, 2019): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2019-0021.
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Abstract In this paper, the electrical performance of double gate DG-MOSFET transistors in 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC technologies have been studied by BSIM3v3 model. In which the I–V and gm–V characteristics and subthreshold operation of the DGMOSFET have been investigated for two models (series and parallel) based on equivalent electronic circuits and the results so obtained are compared with the single gate SG-MOSFET, using 130 nm technology and OrCAD PSpice software. The electrical characterization of DG-MOSFETs transistors have shown that they operate under a low voltage less than 1.2 V and low power for both models like the SG-MOSFET transistor, especially the series DG-MOSFET transistor is characterized by an ultra low power. The different transistors are characterized by an ultra low OFF leakage current of pA order, very high ON/OFF ratio of and high subthreshold slope of order 0.1 V/dec for the transistors in 6H-SiC and 4H-SiC respectively. These transistors also proved higher transconductance efficiency, especially the parallel DG-MOSFET transistor.
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Sam, M. A., D. T. O. Oyedokun, and K. O. Akpeji. "Design and application of a distributed generation hosting capacity algorithm." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 32, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2021/v32i3a10364.
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Distribution networks in Southern Africa and elsewhere are witnessing an unprecedented growth of consumer-side distributed generation (DG) courtesy of governmental interventions to maximise the utilisation of renewable energy resources through low-carbon grid-edge technologies. To deal with the increasing adoption of consumer-side DG, distribution network operators need to conduct technical studies to foster an understanding of the benefits and impacts of DG and the hosting capacity (HC) of existing distribution networks. This will aid the implementation of measures to manage grid exports. Using a distribution network in Namibia as a case study, this paper presents an algorithm for assessing the HC of consumer-side DG in existing distribution networks that are situated in areas anticipating high and uniform uptake of DG. The algorithm is a hybrid of deterministic and probabilistic methods. The uniqueness of the algorithm is the concept of calculating monthly HC. The algorithm was tested on a real existing residential distribution network and the results confirmed that HC varies monthly. However, the practical implementation of monthly HC requires upgrades to existing inverter technology, which currently contains a single export limit functionality. This opens the possibility to drive innovation in the inverter technology to develop a date-based multiple export limit functionality.
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Ray, Rohit, and Atma Ram Gupta. "Power loss minimization and voltage profile improvement of radial and mesh distribution network using sine cosine optimization based DG allocation." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 14, no. 3 (August 30, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v14i3.8s.
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Due to the increasing population and emerging technologies, energy requirements are increasing progressively. Distributed generation (DG) is an excellent option to handle the increased power demand. A well optimized DG can help to reduce power losses, CO2 emission and improve voltage profiles. This paper uses sine cosine algorithm to find the optimal location and best size ofDG with power loss minimization as its objective function. It presents the comparison of power loss reduction and voltage profile enhancement due to allocation of DGoperating at 0.85, 0.95 power factor lag andthe optimal power factor that has been obtained by sine cosineoptimization. IEEE 15, 69 bus radial and 33, 69 bus weakly meshed systems with five tie lines are used for power loss analysis. Annual energy saving due to allocating DG with different power factors have been analyzed. All the results are simulated in MATLAB 2021a.
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Bondriya, Pallavi, and Yogendra Kumar. "A Comprehensive Review of Literature on Application of Distribution Generation in Smart Grid Application." Asian Journal of Electrical Sciences 5, no. 2 (November 5, 2016): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajes-2016.5.2.1978.
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Smart Grid is future of the mankind. Embedded Applications, Power Generation and Distribution are integral part of smart grid application, and plays vital role in proficiency, performance, efficiency and stability of the system. Wide area distribution of embedded application in smart grid; demands critical focus on each integral part of Smart Grid System. Distributed Generation is most important part of any smart system. Application of Distributed Generation enhances efficiency, stability and profile of Smart Grid. This research article investigates the technique used in distributed generation in smart grid system. A comprehensive investigation is presented which includes key issues in the DG integrations; various DG technologies used so far, advantages and disadvantages of penetration of DG in smart grid application and research gap in the respective field. The article also discusses the penetration of DGs in the Indian power system in multidisciplinary context.
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Yu, Byunggyu. "Study on a Correlation-Based Anti-Islanding Method under Wider Frequency Trip Settings for Distributed Generation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 3626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103626.
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Islanding phenomenon of distributed generation (DG), such as photovoltaic (PV) generation, is undesirable because it causes safety issues for utility service personnel and power system equipment. Many anti-islanding methods have been studied since DG appeared in electric power systems (EPSs). Most anti-islanding methods focus on disconnecting DG from the grid using functionality to detect islanding under narrow frequency trip settings, because safety issues have a higher priority. However, as DG plays a key part of an EPS, a significant loss of DG due to a short disturbance could result in a reliability issue for the EPS. Corresponding to this matter, new international standards, such as IEEE standard 1547–2018, require more sophisticated and complex functionalities for grid-connected DGs by adopting ride-through technologies and wider voltage/frequency trip settings. Since most anti-islanding functions of inverter-based DG have been based on the frequency of the inverter voltage, it is more difficult to detect islanding under wider frequency trip settings. This paper presents a correlation-based anti-islanding method (AIM) without depending on the frequency trip of inverter-based DGs. Simulation results are provided to verify the performance of the correlation-based anti-islanding method. As a result, the proposed method detects islanding at 0.116 s under wider frequency trip setting by the IEEE Std. 1547–2018 test condition, while the popular active frequency drift method with positive feedback does not detect islanding using the same current disturbance.
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Singh, Sitan Kumar, D. Sattianadan, and M. Sudhakaran. "Reliability Improvement in a Radial Distribution System Using DG." Advanced Materials Research 768 (September 2013): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.768.351.
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Reliability analysis plays a very vital role in designing and planning of radial distribution systems that operate for minimal interruption of customer loads. The Distributed Generation (DG) in a radial distribution network has been slowly increasing for the last few years due to advancement of technologies and institutional changes in the electric power industry. This paper presents a reliability analysis for large scale, radial (with respect to substation) and reconfigurable electrical distribution systems. This paper evaluates the improvement in reliability over a time varying load curve.
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Bulatov, Yu N., A. V. Kryukov, K. V. Suslov, and A. V. Cherepanov. "Prompt determination of the static stability margins in electrical energy systems equipped with distributed generation plants." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022402004.
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The wide use of distributed generation (DG) technologies in electrical energy systems (EES) requires development of new control algorithms in normal, emergency and postemergency modes. The issues of determining the static aperiodic stability (SAS) margin in EES equipped with DG plants are of particular relevance. These plants can be removed from the consumption centers, which can lead to SAS reserves depletion. The article presents the results of studies aimed at the developing SAS reserves express calculation methods in EES equipped with DG plants. An effective technique to determine stability margins was proposed based on one of the modifications of limiting modes equations. The results of determining SAS for an electrical network with distributed generation plants are presented. Additionally, the simulation of transient processes in the studied EES for various points in the space of the mode’s controlled parameters has been carried out in the Matlab system.
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Eltamaly, Ali M., Yehia Sayed Mohamed, Abou-Hashema M. El-Sayed, and Amer Nasr A. Elghaffar. "Reliability / Security of Distribution System Network under Supporting by Distributed Generation." Insight - Energy Science 2, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/i-es.v2i1.181.
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<p>This paper discusses the impact of Distributed Generator (DG) on the power system for enhancing the power system quality by improving the voltage profile and power losses reduction. With the increasing on the demand power and the power system extension, the distributed renewable energy technologies are becoming increasingly important in the energy supply systems of many countries. DGs units can be defined as a small-units that generate electric power near to the location of customers based on the renewable energy techniques, including wind energy, solar energy, and geothermal energy. Interconnecting DG to an existing distribution system provides various benefits to several entities as for example the owner, utility and the final user. DG provides an enhanced power quality, higher reliability of the distribution system and can peak shaves and fill valleys. However, the integration of DG into existing networks has associated several technical, economic and regulatory questions. Also, this paper uses the power system IEEE-12 busses for an example to illustrate the voltage control and decreases the active and reactive power losses by adding the wind generation DGs with the distribution network. </p>
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Brammer, Naomi R., and Mir-Akbar Hessami. "DECENTRALISED GENERATION IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR ELECTRICITY SUPPLY RELIABILITY." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2009-0003.
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Distributed or decentralised generation (DG) using advanced fossil fuel and renewable energy technologies is an attractive alternative to traditional electricity generation. Over 75% of new generating capacity installed in the Australian state of Victoria between 2000 and 2010 will be DG from gas turbines and wind farms. However, it is uncertain if this new capacity will be sufficient to maintain historic levels of electricity supply reliability. The contribution of DG to Victoria’s electricity supply in 2010 has been assessed, through analysis of modelled supply and demand data and comparisons with data from 2000. While it was assumed that new gas turbines will provide peak load and emergency generation, the role of wind farms was evaluated by considering their equivalent firm capacity estimated using statistical and probabilistic methods. Results show that all DG from gas turbines will contribute to Victoria's electricity supply in 2010, but only 4-30% of installed wind farm capacity can be considered firm or reliable. Technical performance indicators suggest that the new generating capacity will be unable to satisfy increased demand with adequate reliability. Additional base load capacity and demand reduction measures are required to ensure Victoria’s electricity supply reliability is maintained in the future.
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Sharma, Rupendra Kumar, Mridula Gupta, and R. S. Gupta. "TCAD Assessment of Device Design Technologies for Enhanced Performance of Nanoscale DG MOSFET." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 58, no. 9 (September 2011): 2936–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2011.2160065.
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Serrano-Guerrero, X., B. Marín-Toro, C. Ochoa-Malhaber, and A. Barragán-Escandón. "Impact of the incorporation of photovoltaics distributed generation in electric distribution grids in Ecuador." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.319.
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The distributed generation (DG) allows electricity production to be closer to consumers, relieving the burden on distribution grid feeders. Interest in DG has increased in recent years due to its close relationship with smart grids and the development of carbon-free generation technologies. The Ciudad del Sol feeder in the city of Machala in Ecuador is one of the feeders with the highest electricity demand. This study evaluates the incorporation of DG in several consumers connected to this feeder. Depending on the range of energy consumption of each customer, different PV systems are proposed to meet their demands. The results of the study show that the installation of PV generation systems allows considerable savings on the electricity bill. In addition, the reduction of grid demand reduces Joule effect losses and improves voltage profiles. The results suggest that the massive incorporation of correctly dimensioned PV systems does not affect the operating conditions of a distribution power grid.
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Hariprasad, B., G. Sreenivasan, and P. Sujatha. "A Novel Passive Islanding Detection Method for Distributed Generation." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 4 (October 30, 2023): 944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110410.
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Off-grid and On-grid are two technologies that allow renewable energy sources to run continuously. The system can be networked in the first scenario, and it can operate independently or as a microgrid in the second. The decentralised generator (DG) can run in island mode even if there isn't an external power supply accessible. This circumstance may prohibit the equipment from correctly joining, endangering the auxiliary system. In order to find island patterns at particular times, this research suggests a passive method. There may be problems with island detection (ID) when using DG systems like P.V. Additionally, the identification accuracy will be impacted by the quantity of DG devices in the power distribution system. The suggested remedy has really been put into practice in a test example involving a network-connected DC power source operating at 415 V and 50 Hz. The MATLAB Simulink environment was used to assess the method's efficacy. This technique speeds up detection and improves the THD.
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Бойков, Алексей, Aleksey Boykov, А. Сидоров, A. Sidorov, А. Федотов, and A. Fedotov. "On the Procedure For Algorithms Using In Solving Descriptive Geometry Tasks." Geometry & Graphics 6, no. 3 (November 14, 2018): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5bc45add9a2b21.45929543.
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In this paper the urgent problem of the formal approach to the teaching of descriptive geometry (DG) has been formulated. The authors consider the algorithm concept and approaches to formal description of methods (algorithms) for tasks solving. It is emphasized that the known methods for creating and presenting of algorithms for DG tasks solving do not reflect all possibilities of algorithmization as it is. In the third section the authors, in examples, emphasize the complexity of DG tasks solutions algorithmization. The diversity of solutions for one or another DG task is noted depending on location of initial figures that requires a suitable context analysis in solving, and, as a consequence, the algorithm choice. It is pointed out that the reason for this is different ways for expressing of figures’ geometric properties by means of drawing. General algorithms for applying the method of loci and geometric transformations to tasks solving are considered. From the loci position have been considered two basic tasks of DG: plotting a point drawing in the coordinates, and a perpendicular to the plane. The method of loci importance is emphasized in view of algorithms compilation simplicity and wide possibilities for tasks solving. The authors note that algorithmization does not reduce the importance of geometry knowledge or understanding of the tasks geometric content and used methods, but emphasizes the importance of the first stage for tasks solving — the stage of analysis at which basic decisions are made and its method is chosen. In conclusion it is emphasized that in the practice related to solving of DG educational tasks it is optimal to apply the algorithmization in point, as it enables to structure the course, operate with compact algorithms, and introduce automated technologies of constructive geometric modeling.
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Yu, Lei, Tian Yang Zhao, Xu Wu, and Jian Hua Zhang. "Overview of Impacts of Distribution Generations and Micro Grids on Active Distribution Network Operation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (December 2014): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.103.
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With recent development of technology and management in power market and equipment, more and more distributed generation (DG) is embedded in the distribution network. However the approach of connecting DG in most cases is based on a so-called ‘fit and forget’ policy and the capacity of DG is limited rigidly by distribution system operator to avoid the negative effects of high level penetration. New management technologies have been proposed to handle the integration of DGs in the distribution networks. In this review, the micro grid (MG) was treated as the local control method to coordinate DGs within a small area of distribution network. And the active distribution network (AND) was treated as the global control mechanism to actively manage DGs, MGs and other equipment. The operation framework of ADN was firstly introduced. Then based on the static and dynamic models of DGs and MGs, impacts of DGs and MGs on the ADN are surveyed from power quality, stability to the operation. Finally, the conclusion and suggestion is given in this paper.
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Aman, M. A., S. Ahmad, B. Noor, and F. W. Karam. "Mitigating the Adverse Impact of Un-Deterministic Distributed Generation on a Distribution System Considering Voltage Profile." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 3 (June 19, 2018): 2998–3003. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2033.
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Electric power systems are enforced to operate near to their stability limit due to the fast increase in power demand. Therefore, voltage stability has become a primary concern. The main cause of voltage variations is the imbalance between generation and consumption. In order to mitigate variations in voltage profile, most of the modern electric power systems are adopting new emerging technologies such as distributed generation. Validation of standard voltage optimization is a difficult task when distributed generation is integrated to medium and low voltage networks. Integration of distributed generation (DG) will have diverse impacts on voltage levels when connected un-deterministically to the electric distribution system. This paper analyzes both the impacts of un-deterministic large and small size DG on voltage profile. Feasible solutions by incorporating reactors and increasing cross sectional area of cables, variation in voltage profile were mitigated. Detailed simulations were performed in ETAP by modeling and evaluating Kohat road grid station situated in Peshawar, Pakistan. The results anticipated that this approach can be useful to ensure standard voltage profile and better utilization of un-deterministic DG units.
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Nawaz, Sarfaraz, and Ankush Tandon. "Power loss minimisation of rural feeder of Jaipur city by renewable-based DG technologies." Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 15, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1448837x.2018.1500667.
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Crimmann, Martina, and Reinhard Madlener. "Assessing Local Power Generation Potentials of Photovoltaics, Engine Cogeneration, and Heat Pumps: The Case of a Major Swiss City." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175432.
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In this paper, we investigate the potentials of distributed generation (DG) in a medium-sized Swiss city. We show the role of private households in the sustainable energy transition process induced by Swiss energy policy. For the analysis, we define six scenarios that enable us to study the potentials and impacts of different combinations of DG technologies in terms of costs, CO2 emissions, and amounts and shares of DG provided by non-industrial end-users (essentially private households and the services sector). Three variants are investigated, one with real electricity costs and CO2 emissions, one with increased electricity costs (e.g., construction of new power plants), and one with increased CO2 emissions (e.g., due to the planned nuclear phase-out in Switzerland). We find that non-industrial entities can play an important role as prosumers. They mitigate the need for centralized generation. Within a scenario where the non-industrial energy end-users install water-water heat pumps and photovoltaics, a total reduction of the gas procurement from the grid is possible whereas the electricity demand from the grid increases by 24%. This scenario reveals higher DG electricity costs in comparison to conventional electricity supply, but the total costs of energy supply decrease due to the elimination of gas supply, and the CO2 emissions can be reduced by 68%.
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Yerasimou, Yerasimos, Marios Kynigos, Venizelos Efthymiou, and George E. Georghiou. "Design of a Smart Nanogrid for Increasing Energy Efficiency of Buildings." Energies 14, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 3683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123683.
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Distributed generation (DG) systems are growing in number, diversifying in driving technologies and providing substantial energy quantities in covering the energy needs of the interconnected system in an optimal way. This evolution of technologies is a response to the needs of the energy transition to a low carbon economy. A nanogrid is dependent on local resources through appropriate DG, confined within the boundaries of an energy domain not exceeding 100 kW of power. It can be a single building that is equipped with a local electricity generation to fulfil the building’s load consumption requirements, it is electrically interconnected with the external power system and it can optionally be equipped with a storage system. It is, however, mandatory that a nanogrid is equipped with a controller for optimisation of the production/consumption curves. This study presents design consideretions for nanogrids and the design of a nanogrid system consisting of a 40 kWp photovoltaic (PV) system and a 50 kWh battery energy storage system (BESS) managed via a central converter able to perform demand-side management (DSM). The implementation of the nanogrid aims at reducing the CO2 footprint of the confined domain and increase its self-sufficiency.
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Kofi, Daniel, Amevi Acakpovi, Patrick Adjei, Robert Sowah, George K. Aggrey, Godfred Tay, Mustapha Sulley, and Maxwell Afonope. "Innovative design of grid connected solar/diesel hybrid system using RETScreen software." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1042, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1042/1/012018.
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Abstract Accessibility to dependable energy resource is vital to the emerging economy to function appropriately in this contemporary world for both residential and commercial purposes. Technological advancement has opened avenues for more sophisticated technologies to combine multiple energy sources to generate affordable electricity for residential and industrial purposes. The study, therefore aims at analyzing the fiscal benefits of hybrid Solar PV and Diesel Generator (DG) (PV-DG) grid-connected system using RETSceen software. The study focused on a specific location, J. A. Plant Pool Ghana Limited, warehouse Department. The study recommended and proposed an effective design of a hybrid PV-DG grid connected electricity supply for the warehouse Department. The economic viability of the project and the payback period obtained through computation were very attractive. Also, the total revenue of electricity exported to the grid annually and GHG emission reduction were within the standard benchmark. The study finally concurred that renewable energy sources such as solar when hybridized with any other energy systems, lead to a noticeable electrical cost reduction. Therefore, this system design provides multiple benefits, including; improved reliability, reduced emission and significant cost reduction.
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Bulatov, Yu N., A. V. Kryukov, and K. V. Suslov. "The study of the isolated power supply system operation with controlled distributed generation plants, energy storage units and drive load." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801012.
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Energy storage units (ESU) and distributed generation (DG) plants including those using renewable energy sources can be used to develop isolated power supply systems (IPSS) and enhance their reliability. Operation of DG plants in the IPSS requires to consider restrictions for consumers maximum load, as well as effects of abrupt load increase or load shedding on the generating plants. These problems can be resolved using ESU and intelligent technologies for DG plants control. The paper considers IPSS of an industrial facility with turbogenerator plants (TGP), wind power plant (WPP) and high-capacity ESU for which fuzzy control systems and prognostic controllers were used. The simulation was performed in the MATLAB system using the Simulink and SimPowerSystems software packages. Normal and emergency modes were studied in IPSS with TGP, WPP, and high-capacity ESU. The simulation results indicated that combined use of high-capacity ESU and prognostic controller of TGP generator rotor speed allows to ensure stability and survivability of IPSS enhancing its damping properties. The auto-prognostic controller of the TGP generator, which does not require special adjustment, provides high quality indicators of the IPSS control in all considered modes.
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Abud, Tiago P., Andre A. Augusto, Marcio Z. Fortes, Renan S. Maciel, and Bruno S. M. C. Borba. "State of the Art Monte Carlo Method Applied to Power System Analysis with Distributed Generation." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010394.
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Traditionally, electric power systems are subject to uncertainties related to equipment availability, topological changes, faults, disturbances, behaviour of load, etc. In particular, the dissemination of distributed generation (DG), especially those based on renewable sources, has introduced new challenges to power systems, adding further randomness to the management of this segment. In this context, stochastic analysis could support planners and operators in a more appropriate manner than traditional deterministic analysis, since the former is able to properly model the power system uncertainties. The objective of this work is to present recent achievements of one of the most important techniques for stochastic analysis, the Monte Carlo Method (MCM), to study the technical and operational aspects of electric networks with DG. Besides covering the DG topic itself, this paper also addresses emerging themes related to smart grids and new technologies, such as electric vehicles, storage, demand response, and electrothermal hybrid systems. This review encompasses more than 90 recent articles, arranged according to the MCM application and the type of analysis of power systems. The majority of the papers reviewed apply the MCM within stochastic optimization, indicating a possible trend.
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Olulope, Paul K., Oyinlolu A. Odetoye, and Matthew O. Olanrewaju. "A review of emerging design concepts in applied microgrid technology." AIMS Energy 10, no. 4 (2022): 776–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022035.
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<abstract> <p>Most of the research in distributed generation focuses on power flow optimization and control algorithm development and related fields. However, microgrids are evolving on multiple levels with respect to the chemical processes used to manufacture the underlying technologies, deployment strategies, physical architecture (which is important to the economic factor) as well as environmental impact mitigation of microgrids. Special use cases and paradigms of deploying Distributed Generation (DG) in harmony with agricultural or decorative purposes for existing spaces are emerging, propelled by research in frontiers that the DG engineer would benefit from being aware of. Also, offshore photovoltaic (PV) has emerged as an increasingly important research area. Many nascent technologies and concepts have not been techno-economically analyzed to determine and optimize their benefits. These provide ample research opportunities from a big-picture perspective regarding microgrid development. This also provides the avenue for research in distributed generation from a physical integration and space use perspective. This study reviews a selection of developments in microgrid technology with the themes of manufacturing technology, optimal deployment techniques in physical spaces, and impact mitigation approaches to the deployment of renewable energy from a qualitative perspective.</p> </abstract>
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Kostenko, Ganna, and Olexandr Zgurovets. "Current state and prospects for development of renewable distributed generation in Ukraine." System Research in Energy 2023, no. 2 (June 9, 2023): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.02.004.
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The development of distributed generation in Ukraine corresponds to global trends in the energy sector. The particular relevance of distributed energy for Ukraine lies in the fact that its development contributes to reducing the costs of energy consumers, reducing the load on energy networks and losses of electrical energy, as well as improving the reliability of the energy system and energy efficiency of the economy. This article provides an overview of the main sources, technologies, and trends in the development of distributed generation (DG) in Ukraine, including stations running on biofuels (biomass and biogas), small hydroelectric power stations, as well as distributed solar and wind power plants. Various aspects related to the current state and future prospects of distributed energy in Ukraine are considered, with particular attention to barriers that impede its development. The main operating modes of distributed generation facilities are identified together with the National Energy Company of Ukraine. An analysis of the structure of distributed generation facilities by technology and power usage is carried out using statistical data. The factors that stimulate the development of distributed generation technologies are identified, and examples of successful implementation of DG facilities in Ukraine are provided. The main expected effects of implementing DG are determined, such as the adaptation of consumers to the uncertainty of the state of electricity due to the armed aggression of the Russian Federation, increasing the reliability of power supply, partial unloading of both main and distribution power lines, reducing energy losses in networks, as well as providing opportunities for communities to meet their energy needs. In addition, the development of distributed generation can contribute to increasing the level of competition in the electricity market, stimulating the review and optimization of pricing strategies. Keywords: distributed generation, RES, local networks, decentralization of energy supply.
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A. Shaaya, Sharifah, Ismail Musirin, Shahril I. Sulaiman, Mohd H. Mansor, and Sharifah A. S.Mustaffa. "Effect of optimal Multi-DG siting and sizing in transmission system using hybrid optimization technique for voltage control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp646-653.
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<span>The advancement of Distributed Generation (DG) technologies have caused great impact to power system operation. Inappropriate installation of DGs may lead to over-compensation or under-compensation situation. Thus, a reliable optimization is urgent to avoid any unwanted effect. This paper analyses the installation impact of different types-multi-DGs determined using a pre-developed hybrid optimization technique termed as Immunized-Brainstorm-Evolutionary Programming (IBSEP). It is imperative to study the effect of multi-DGs installation such that a relevant utility can make a correct decision, whether its installation is worth or vice versa. Rigorous study has been conducted in terms of identifying the optimal location and sizing, installed on transmission system for voltage control involving different DG types. Comprehensive results are embedded in this paper to demonstrate the effect of multi-DGs installation in transmission system which in turns beneficial to the utility.</span>
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Dharmireddy, Ajaykumar, and Sreenivasarao Ijjada. "High Switching Speed and Low Power Applications of HJ DG TFET." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.110248.
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Tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) technology is unique of the prominent devices in low power applications. The band-to-band tunnel switching mechanism is sets TFET apart from traditional MOSFET technology. It helps to reduce leakage currents. The major advantage is the Sub threshold slope smaller than 60mv/decade. Newer technologies are expected to change the gate, architectures, channel materials and transport mechanisms. In this point of view tunnel FET has to play the most imminent role in the least leakage current and also need to overcome limitations of drive current in TFET. The proposed model of hetero junction double gate TFET has attain superior ON state current, low off-state current and better steeper slope i.e., 4.94 x10-5A/µm, 32.3 x10-17A/µm 28.3mv/decade as compared with single gate hetero junction TFET and conventional device. This proposed design suitable for high switching speed and low power application.
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Conteh, Foday, Hiroshi Takahashi, Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida, Narayanan Krishnan, Alexey Mikhaylov, and Tomonobu Senjyu. "Analysis of Hybrid Grid-Connected Renewable Power Generation for Sustainable Electricity Supply in Sierra Leone." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 11435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011435.
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The provision of electricity in a reliable and sustainable manner in provincial towns and villages in the small West Africa state of Sierra Leone requires the adoption of appropriate technologies. The rapid increase in electricity demand has generated great interest in how to tackle a possible long-lasting energy deficiency in the country. This paper aims at analyzing the techno-economic feasibility of a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for the sustainable rural electrification of Lungi Town, Port Loko District, Sierra Leone. Optimization, economic, reliability, and sustainability analyses were carried out using a genetic algorithm (GA), with the main objectives of minimizing the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and cost of energy (COE). Three different case scenarios were configured, using a diesel generator (DG), wind/PV/DG/battery, and wind/PV/battery. Various combinations of these case scenarios were compared to determine which option was the most economically viable. In order to determine the case scenario with the lowest LPSP and COE, the operations and maintenance costs of the three cases were calculated. Using only DG for case one, the operations and maintenance cost amounted to USD 1050,348.12/year. The operation and maintenance cost for case two, which included wind/PV/DG/battery, was found to be USD 561,674.06/year. The operations and maintenance cost for case three, which included wind/PV/battery, was found to be USD 36,000/year. In standalone microgrids, however, the use of renewable energy sources is not reliable due to the uncertainty of renewable energy sources. Consequently, the simulation results show that the wind/PV/DG/battery-based HRES is the most cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable for the specific location in comparison to the current traditional method of electricity generation. Since there is abundant solar radiation with substantial wind speeds across the country, this HRES can be applied in most rural and remote areas in place of the current diesel generators (DGs) that are widely deployed in the country.
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K M, Venkatachalam, and V. Saravanan. "Techno economic environmental assessment of hybrid renewable energy system in India." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v10.i4.pp343-362.
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<p>The co-ordination of non-conventional energy technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, biomass and ocean are gaining significance in India due to more energy requirements and high greenhouse gas emission. In this assessment, the sustainability of emerging the gird isolated hybrid solar photovoltaic (PV)/wind turbine (WT)/diesel generator (DG)/battery system for Arunai Engineering College (India) building is evaluated. The techno- economic and environmental research was inspected by HOMER Pro software by choosing the optimal combination depends on size of the components, renewable fraction, net present cost (NPC), cost of energy (COE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of the hybrid system. From the acquired outcomes and sensitivity investigation, the optimal PV-WT-DG- Battery combination has a NPC of $28.944.800 and COE $0.1266/kWh, with an operating cost of $256.761/year. The grid isolated hybrid system is environmentally pleasant with a greenhouse gas emission of 2.692 kg/year with renewable fraction of 99.9%.</p>
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Datta, Deepanjan. "Study of Leakage Current in Novel Nanoscale Device Architecture depending on Doping Profile." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2006.3012.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we look into the reduction in leakage components of a fully depleted (FD) nanoscale double-gate (DG) MOSFET architecture. Here, we have developed an numerical model for PCHEM-DG MOSFET followed by the gate-controlled band-to-band tunneling leakage and gate leakage currents in the device of 10 nm gate length and observed the reduction in the leakage components over bulk-MOSFETs. Various leakage current components have been discussed and their variations with respect to bias and device parameters are presented. The results have been compared and contrasted with standard device simulator such as MINIMOS 6.0 for the purpose of validation of the results. A dramatic increase of the gate leakage and Band-to-Band Tunneling (BTBT) leakage in nanoscaled devices drastically increases total leakage power in a logic circuit. This device proposes to reduce this power dissipation. This work provides a simple and intuitive method for lowering of leakage currents which can be very salutary for the future nanoscale device technologies.