Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Développement économique – Environnement'
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Nguyen, Van Phu. "Croissance économique et environnement." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR1EC03.
Full textChevé, Morgane. "L'adéquation des choix économiques aux contraintes écologiques : optimalité et durabilité de la croissance d'une économie polluante." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010004.
Full textBenini, Roberta. "Le modèle de développement et la structuration des espaces régionaux en Union soviétique." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010031.
Full textCarton, Christine. "Dynamique de croissance, environnement technologique et accumulation en Asie : le rôle de l'éducation : Doctorat de Sciences économiques." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0025.
Full textRaffin, Natacha. "Environnement, santé, éducation : quels enjeux pour le développement ?" Paris 1, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450845.
Full textMania, Élodie. "Diversification du commerce, vulnérabilité et développement économique." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR027.
Full textRecent economic literature and major international organizations are agreed on the virtues of export diversification as a development strategy for developing countries. The consensus has two main sources: the successful experience of the Asian emerging countries on the one hand, and the numerous empirical studies showing positive relationship between diversification and economic growth on the other hand. The consensus is new since the debate was at the center of the controversies between free-trade and structuralist economists in the 1950s. Since Ricardo (1817), the former had been inspired by traditional theories of international trade and advocated free trade and specialization based on a country’s comparative advantages. Conversely, the pioneers of development economics emphasized the need for development policies to introduce distortions into the specialization mechanisms of comparative advantages, as the process of structural change is driven by diversification and export composition. The thesis explores theoretically and empirically the relationship between export diversification and economic development in the present context of globalization. Firstly, the integration of developing countries into global value chains, where countries no longer specialize in the production of a product but in a delimited segment of the production process, questions the relationship. The consequences of the disconnection between a country’s productive structure and its export diversification are analyzed through an extension of Thirlwall’s (1979) post-Keynesian model. The analysis allows us to emphasize the heterogeneity of diversification models of three developing regions, namely sub-Saharan Africa, developing Asia and Latin America. We thereafter attempt to open the black box that constitutes the relationship between export diversification and economic growth. The transmission channels of the relationship will be examined by using the properties of an extended Kaldor-Verdoorn Law that assesses the impact of export diversification on productivity growth and the degree of returns to scale for several countries. Secondly, as far as countries are concerned, the compatibility of export diversification strategy with the environmental challenges is questioned. Our preliminary results suggest that a higher level of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is associated with a more diversified export basket. Further investigation from theoretical and empirical analyses demonstrates that the positive effect on CO2 emissions is valid for the upper-middle income and the high-income economies. Finally, we approach export diversification from the perspective of trading partner diversification in a case study on Vietnam. We analyze the country’s growth performance by measuring the contribution of its trading partners to its external constraint in a multi-country balance of payments constrained growth model. The study case questions the macroeconomic resilience and the virtues of a development model driven exclusively by international trade nowadays
Soh, Fogno Denis Roger. "Développement et protection de l'environnement en Afrique centrale." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT4010.
Full textThe independence did not only permit poor Central Africa countries to engage themselves with their developmental problems, but also placed them in a situation of making heroic efforts to be developed like first world countries to the detriment of their environment, or to anticipate the future by taking into consideration the protection of nature in their developmental policies and techniques. The choice to be developed by all means seemed to have been adopted by all the states. Serious obstacles led to the need for these countries to constitute themselves in sub-regions. The endeavour for regional grouping gave rise to mitigated and even deceitful results. At the institutional as well as international co-operation domains, the aspirations of the members had been weakened due to the neo-colonialism and the lack of seriousness of some actors and institutions. Development, which was preached by all, became a simple assumption. A serious step forward was realised in 72, and re-enforced in 92, which could be considered as the peak of the re-orientation. Having been resistant for a very long-time, Central Africe States have seen the need to rescue nature, which had for long been disregarded, opset and even sacrificed for the sake of development. Henceforth, for disability to be achieved, attempts should be made to reconcile environment and development, to obtain "sustainable" development. To achieve this, obstacles new and old must be overcome. Energies should be put in proper use and all actors should be implicated. The conception and achievement of durable development fashioned for Africa can only be realised by making use of "African genius"
Prieur, Fabien. "Croissance et environnement dans le modèle à générations imbriquées : analyse dynamique et évaluations des politiques publiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX24005.
Full textIn this study, we deal with topical environmental issues by having recourse to the overlapping generations model of growth. First, our purpose is to recognize that the recovery process of nature is finite and vanishes beyond a critical threshold of damage. Considering the potential irreversibility of pollution implies that the development process can drive the polluting economy to a poverty trap. Moreover, the theoretical explanations of the environmental Kuznets curve are seriously challenged since the private agent’s investment in abatement fails to promote sustainable growth. Then, we show that regulating pollution with permits is an effective policy, provided that some precise rules concerning the choice of the global quota on emissions are respected, from the view point of its ability to protect the economy against the convergence toward a poverty trap. Once we have set conditions excluding traps, we also prove that environmental policy does not necessarily mean a slackening in growth. Its reinforcement can even produce a double dividend. Finally, we address the issue of the definition of the emission quota. We assume that the economy’s commitment in pollution control goes through the setting exogenous quota. When the permits system is too latitudinarian, it is possible to exceed the rigidity imposed by the quota and to achieve the social optimum by implementing a policy consisting in the segmentation of the permits market
Levarlet, François. "Les modèles éco-énergétiques à l'interface économie-environnement." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010060.
Full textOur thesis deals with ecological-economic modeling. It develops a typology in this field of research and suggets two classes of environmental-economic interface : "weak interface" and "strong interface". With this categories we are able to analyse two kinds of eco-energetic models : ecco model and odum's models. Our work takes specially care with odum's approach. We build an account model for the french case and insert our work in sustainable development field
Ambomo, Marcel. "Commerce, environnement et développement en Afrique francophone : réalités et perspectives." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT4007.
Full textBase development only on economic growth, was a trend in Africa. Henceforth, this approach is questioned, since the consecration of sustainable development at Rio Summit. Consequently, development issue of African countries is studied, by redefining actual balance between trade, environment and development. Indeed, we can take up a bet on trade as development tool in Africa. However, his success depends on withdraw of trade barriers and the protection of environment. We seize here, the opportunity to re-examine the sustainable concept, which appears, for good, as a civilization vision. At what scale? Universality seems on this context attractive. But it's risky, because it could ignore local situation. In this field, we can think globally, but act locally. This concept allows sui generis sustainable development models, with the purpose to avoid a unique environmental view
Koubo, Douzo. "Développement économique, normes et prise de décisions en matière d'environnement : le cas d'un pays en voie de développement : la Côte d'Ivoire." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010024.
Full textThe protection of the environment is not neutral. Among other things, it may be an obstacle to the growth of the ivorian economy, which is still necessary to fight against the problems lying above development. In front of this reality, the ivorian policies for fighting against the traditional damages of the environment and the global threats linked with the national energetic system will integrate two fundamental data : the minimization of the conflicts between the environmental aims and the economic growth, and the reduction of the risks of distorsion in the repartition of the coasts of the policies. By applying in a modulated way the direct regulations and the economic incitements on the basis of these data, the Ivoiry Coast will thus try to promote a sustenable economic development
Cassin, Lesly. "Développement, dynamiques démographiques et environnement dans les Petits Etats Insulaires des Caraïbes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100114.
Full textSustainable development in Caribbean Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) is difficult to obtain because of their economic and social vulnerabilities. This thesis examines the sustainable resource allocation and economic growth of Caribbean SIDS using theoretical and numerical methods, and focusing on interactions between demographic and environmental dimensions. Due to their regional importance, I examine the effects of migration and remittances while taking into account local pollution and climate change.First, I describe the impacts of remittances on savings, fertility and education, with a special focus on intergenerational strategies. I show that potential positive effects from migration or remittances depend strongly on its positive effect on human capital accumulation, i.e. whether it is larger or not than the population growth.Because human capital accumulation also depends on the environment, in the second chapter I study the potential interactions between migration gains and environmental quality. If pollution exposure during childhood harms the human capital process, first there are new conditions for gains from migration which can decrease the demographic pressure on natural assets, second an environmental policy is beneficial.Finally, Caribbean SIDS cannot reduce the extent of climate change, leaving them no choice but to adapt to its effects, however this is costly and difficult to implement. The third chapter of this thesis addresses the use of migration, which leads to remittances that can fund adaptation measures. Therefore, I test whether there is a complementarity or a substitutability between the two strategies and show that it depend on the fundamentals of the economy
Chouaïbou, Mfenjou Modeste. "L' Afrique à l'épreuve du développement durable : la conciliation du progrès économique, de la protection de l'environnement et du développement humain." Reims, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REIMD008.
Full textThe unforeseeable consequences of pollution (reheating of the glaciers, flood, crumbling of the layer of ozone, rise in the level of the oceans) due to the growth of the discharge of gases, of the deforestationsupported the emergence of the concept of the sustainable development. Behind this setting in danger of planet, economic progress must not only seek the satisfaction of the needs present, but integrate the concerns of the future generations. The safeguard of this solidarity over generations requires a common action ; if not the efforts of the ones (protectors) will be cancelled by the laxity of the others (pollutants). Already weakened by poverty, the conflicts, the famine, the desertification, Africa is not requested than the other areas of the world. Accounting for 2% of the world trade, Africa under structural adjustment adopted liberalism and its States complete the process of privatisation of the public companies. But, that it is of the space representation, land management, agriculture, justice, education or the governance, the African Culture reconciles with difficulty its traditions with modernity. If creation, the promotion and natural and human stock management are hardly satisfactory in Africa, it is because the process of the development is put at evil by exogenous and endogenous obstacles. On the other hand, the inventiveness of the populations, only pledge of their survival, awaits an international support for the measurement of the challenge of the African rebirth in development. But, the Occident does not seize enough that in a world without border, solidarity is the well shared interest for, if Africa continues to endure such lamentable deprivations, it will hardly be in safety in its opulence
Vandervorst, Alain. "La conditionnalité écologique dans les organisations financières internationales." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL347.
Full textErkman, Suren. "L'écologie industrielle : une stratégie pour l'éco-restructuration du système industriel." Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0004.
Full textThe new domain of industrial ecology considers the industrial system as an analogue of a biological ecosystem. Industrial ecology offers a global and integrated perspective on environmental issues, much broader that waste treatment. The basic methodology of industrial ecology is called industrial metabolism. It consists in measuring and studying the totality of resource flows (materials and energys) used by the industrial societies. Industrial ecology is also an operational approach to sustainable development, which applies to industrialised and developing countries as well. It proposes a strategy for an in-depth eco-restructuration of the industrial system as a whole along four complementary axes : 1) close resources flows (quasi-cyclic economy) ; 2) minimise dissipative losses ; 3) dematerialise economic activities ; 4) decarbonise the energy system. The thesis offers a general theoretical synthesis of the emerging field of industrial ecology, as well as a number of case studies in different sectors of the economy
Godard, Olivier. "Environnement et régulation du développement en économie mixte de marché : de l'externalisation à l'intégration institutionnelle en univers controversé." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010020.
Full textEnvironmental problems are making economic development patterns questionable. Analyses of public policies reveal the strength of other concepts than the classical scheme of bad static allocation of resources. On the basis of works in the field of self-organisation, the thesis shows than the very concept of the environment has the structure of an "entangled hierarchy" between the meaning coming from the socio-economic system and the meaning coming from the global environment. Self-reference and hetero-reference re combined in the way of shaping issues, particularly in contexts of "controversial universes", that should be clearly distinguished from "stabilized universes" to which neo-classical concepts are more appropriate. A typology of internalisation mechanisms shows their diversity and stresses the value of one particular type, i. E. "contestable legitimacy". The fact that several conflicting systems of justification compete for guiding public action gives way to approach of the choice between policy instruments. Taking account of this legitimacy constraint, a comparison between tax regimes and tradeable permits is undertaken for an international coordination of global warming risks
Camara, Mamoudou. "Croissance économique et impact environnemental : le découplage est-il possible ?" Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL12004/document.
Full textUsing both theoretical and empirical approaches, this thesis aims to bring a new light on the link between economic growth and environment. It is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on a reconsideration of the decoupling question. The study of the evolution of the environmental problematic in economic theory, in the first chapter, shows that this debate is not new, and has not remained static. Then, in the second chapter, after to have shown the complexity (particularly its multidimensionality and the limits of approaches to measure the decoupling) of the decoupling concept, our study with a new empirical approach on several countries seems to show the evidence of decoupling in the case of certain countries. The second part consists to explain the decoupling. The third chapter which is focused on analysis of the main decoupling determinants, allowed us to identify three determinants (the development level, the structure of the economy and the socioeconomic relationship to the environment), and also to show that their impact on the decoupling is limited in the time. The last chapter, which is an extension of the third chapter, focuses on analysis of the decoupling factors in a “regulationniste” perspective. With this approach, our thesis has tried to show the importance of the degree of ecological concerns and the quality of institutions in a country to achieve decoupling. Thus, through these four chapters, this thesis seems to show that the possibilities to achieve decoupling are tributary of several factors, and also that decoupling, even in the case of CO2, is sometimes possible, but not permanently
Bueb, Julien. "Politique stratégique et environnement." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA0005.
Full textEnvironment becomes a national and international major concern. The Nobel Peace Prize 2007 has been awarded to Al Gore and IPCC for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change. The "Grenelle de l'environnement" in France shows this new granted concern for governments. With the enlarging necessity to counteract climatic risk, governments can be however tried to escape from their environmental obligations. They can use emission tax or the tradable emission permits to support their national industry against international competition. The thesis is organized in two parts. The first part is a survey of the literature. Chapter 1 presents the strategic trade policy and chapter 2 includes its environmental dimension (chapter 2). The second part examines theoretical contributions and is organized as follows. Ln chapter 3, we analyze the impact of polluting firms' lobbying on strategic environmental policy with emission taxes. A market of tradable emission permits and a possibility (or not) of a market power for one firm on this market are discussed in chapter 4
Diagana, Yakhouba. "Le droit international du développement durable et le continent africain : mesure du degré de transposition des règles internationales de développement économique et de protection de l'environnement en Afrique de l'Ouest (Mauritanie, Sénégal)." Perpignan, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PERP0766.
Full textThe International law of Sustainable Development by his normative production since the international Conference of Stockholm (1972) on world environment can be defined like a group of internationals economics rules and environment protection. This approach in agreement with the Gro Harlem Brundtland Rapport ("Our common future") of 1987 which the terms enforce to the International Community the necessity of the determination of efficient rules for the control of the movement of the Intelligent Dimension (the Human Activity) that continue to influence considerably and negatively the Intermediairy Dimension (the Environment) from that depend essentially and substantially the Final or Intelligible Dimension ( The Human Being). In west of Africa (Mauritania – Senegal) the application of these rules constitute some considerable problems from the history of this continent, in part (Title I) that made also for their efficient application some structurals obstacles in other part (Title II)
Lehtonen, Markku. "Environmental policy evaluation in the service of sustainable development : influence of the OECD environmental performance reviews from the perspective of institutional economics." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005VERS021S.
Full textThis thesis examines what consequences, through which pathways, and under which circumstances, does country-level environmental policy evaluation, carried out by an intergovernmental organisation, have for institutional change towards sustainable development. The philosophical and theoretical frameworks of institutional economics are proposed as the lens through which to assess experiences from evaluation research. This is done in order to elaborate a conceptual framework for analysing the approach, the impact and the factors conditioning the influence of environmental policy evaluation in the context of sustainable development. The OECD Environmental Performance Review programme is examined through an in-depth qualitative case study approach. It is found that in spite of engendering relatively modest interest among the public, the reviews increase the legitimacy of environmental policies and authorities, and strengthen a performance-oriented environmental policy emphasising evaluation, monitoring and cost-effectiveness. These impacts operate through four parallel pathways, representing the purposes of learning and accountability. The type and intensity of influence depends on the capacity of the reviews to mobilise key change agents and to be sensitive to the context, as well as on the credibility and political weight of the OECD in the reviewed country. It is concluded that notwithstanding the distance of the prevailing OECD conception of sustainability from the institutionalist principles adopted as the benchmark for the appraisal in this thesis, the reviews contribute meaningfully to sustainable development by redressing asymmetries of power, thereby improving some of the conditions for deliberative democracy
Nguyen, Anh Tuan. "Trajectoires de développement et le choix des instruments des politiques énergie-environnement pour les pays d'Asie en développement rapide." Grenoble 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE21042.
Full textCoulibaly, Siriki Nahoua. "Energie, croissance et environnement dans les pays de l'UEMOA." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1G028/document.
Full textThe member countries of the WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union) decided in 1994 to coordinate their actions in the areas of environment and energy. Inspired by the theory of Optimal Monetary Area (OMA), which contemplates the formation of a monetary union, the thesis examines the homogeneity of the countries in terms of growth and environment in order to establish whether the WAEMU countries must adopt common policies. The first part examines the relationship between growth and environment in static and dynamic frameworks. Then the second part analyzes the causal relationship between the variables GDP - energy - CO2 for each country on the one hand and the symmetry of shocks between countries on the other. The results show that the growth - environment relationship is quite positive and that the shocks are asymmetric. Ultimately, the thesis concludes with a strong heterogeneity of the countries of the area and it is therefore more appropriate at this time to develop a strategy in terms of objectives for growth and limiting pollution
Martin, Marie-Catherine. ""Tourisme de congrès et développement urbain durable"." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE0015.
Full textTo restore charm and urbanity in cities, we have to build public equipements in which local population will have the opportunity to meet, to make inquiries, to develop, to communicate, to exchange. . . The encounter center is one of those polyvalent equipements designed to meet the requirements and needs of local population. Builded in a middle-sized city, this structure must welcome a large and heterogeneous public. It must participate to the every day life of the city, offering meeting rooms, showrooms, lecture rooms, cultural, artistic and commercial events. Faisibility studies must precede the building of the encounter center. The encounter center is a learning organisation, based on service culture, sharing management, negociation and employees valorization. Its management relies on quality of servuction process, continuous performances control and permanent listening of its clients. The building of the encounter center must be supported by the creation of the encounter city bureau and the creation of the touristic unity. These organisations have to federate the local touristic supply and to optimisate the quality of this supply, working on : information, cooperation, training, qualification, animation and promotion of the touristic territory. The touristic unity have to manage the urban tourism system and to assure the sustainable regeneration of urban area by developping encounter tourism on its touristic territory. Encounter tourism must be considered as a chance of sustainable urban development for middle-sized cities
El, Haddadi Amine. "Conception et développement d'un système d'intelligence économique (SIE) pour l'analyse de big data dans un environnement de cloud computing." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30033.
Full textIn the information era, people's lives are deeply impacted by IT due to the exposure of social networks, emails, RSS feeds, chats, white papers, web pages, etc. Such data are considered very valuable for companies since they will help them in improving their strategies, analyzing their customers' trends or their competitors' marketing interventions is a simple and obvious example. Also, with the advent of the era of Big Data, organizations can obtain information about the dynamic environment of the markets by analyzing consumer's reactions, preferences, opinions and rating on various social media and other networking platforms. Thus, the companies should be equipped with the consciousness of competitive intelligence (CI), and grasp the key points of CI, with setting up an efficient and simple competitive intelligence system adapted to support Big Data. The objective of this thesis is to introduce a new architectural model of Big Data collecting, analyzing and using, named XEW 2.0. This system operates according to four principal steps, where each of which has a dedicated service : (i) XEW sourcing service (XEW-SS), allows searching, collecting, and processing the data from different sources ; (ii) XEW data warehousing services (XEW-DWS) : This brings a unified view of the target corpus and then, creates a data warehouse accessible from the analytics and visualization services ; (iii) XEW Big Data Analytics service (XEW-BDAS) : allows for making multidimensional analyses by adapting data mining algorithms to Big Data ; (iv) XEW Big Data Visualization service (XEW-BDVS) : allows visualizing Big Data in the form of innovative design and graphs representing, for instance, social networks, semantic networks, strategic alliances networks, etc
Dinca, Cristian-Florian. "Evaluation environnementale et technico-économique du cycle de vie de la combustion du gaz naturel et propositions d'améliorations techniques." Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0102/these.pdf.
Full textThis thesis report is structured in three parts. The first part consists to analyze the environmental impacts of natural gas life cycle, from extraction until utilization in order to produce electrical and thermal energy. The main purpose of this part is to identify the strong and the weak points for each stage of natural gas life cycle to improve the global environmental impact. Also, the main pollutants produced can be identified for each stage of natural gas and stages which have the most significant environmental impact. In the second part, seven scenarios of electrical and thermal energy production from natural gas are compared according to technical, economical and environmental criteria : six cogeneration scenarios (1- a bleeder condensation steam turbine; 2- a back pressure steam turbine; 3- a gas turbine with heat recovery and without post combustion; 4- a gas turbine with heat recovery and post combustion; 5- a thermal engine with heat recovery and without post combustion; 6- a combined cycle power plant) and one scenario for separated production of electricity and thermal energy. We identified the most compatible energetically solution with the Sustainable Development principle, in the Romanian context, according to our technical, economical and environmental criteria, by using a multicriteria method and a program made with the help of DELPHI software. At the end, in the third part it was studied two methods to reduce NOx emissions in the natural gas combustion stage. The first method consists in the reduction of NOx emissions using flue gas recirculation. The second method uses ammonia injection in different points of the furnace in order to reduce the NOx emissions. In both methods the reduction of NOx emissions was experimentally accentuated and quantified
Fortin, Marie-José. "Paysage industriel, lieu de médiation sociale et enjeu de développement durable et de justice environnementale : les cas des complexes d'Alcan (Alma, Québec) et de Péchiney (Dunkerque, France)." Thèse, Paris 1, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/535/1/24605668.pdf.
Full textVukmanic, Jankovic Sanja. "L' environnement et l'aménagement du territoire dans un système autogéré : l'exemple yougoslave." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010018.
Full textDente, Sébastien. "The stakes of circulation in sustainable societies : logistics and functional economy." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Troyes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TROY0017.
Full textFunctional and circular economies are often presented as promising strategies to address the environmental issues associated with our modern production/consumption systems. Within these systems, the circulation processes themselves are usually poorly addressed, in spite of the increasing energy consumption and emissions associated with logistics under the current trends of globalization. The present thesis aims at filling this gap by analyzing the relationship between the representation of human activities and circulation processes and the issue of sustainability. Dealing with the triptych sustainability/supply chain management/circular and functional economies, the thesis shows that the standardized representation of space and time in the current dominant economic conventions acts as a barrier to the development of truly sustainable circulation processes. It finds that the closing loop approach of the circular economy and the product/service approach of the functional economy require specific definitions and policy measures for resources and demand, so that they can be considered as real sustainable strategies. This necessity to develop specific new approaches was further supported with evidence from a new logistics and freight transportation model for France. The model indicates that a generic approach towards a functional economy would lead to 5% increase of CO2 emissions (associated with French interregional traded tons) while a targeted approach would lead to a 3% reduction in comparison to the reference logistics scenario
Vieille, Blanchard Elodie. "Les limites à la croissance dans un monde global : modélisations, prospectives, réfutations." Paris, EHESS, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01085023.
Full textThis work is focused on the Club of Rome report of 1972, which stresses the existence of global limits to growth, and in consequence, the necessity of drastic political measures. It asks the question of material, political and cultural conditions which allow the rise of discourses about the nastiness of population and economic growth at a global level, considered in relation with the development of the Third World and the Cold War. It analyses the genesis of the Club of Rome project, in order to clear up the paradox of a call to stabilize the world economy, emanating from an industrial and political elite. In this perspective, it studies the contrasted influences of environmentalist discourses and future studies on the modelling project of the Club. It studies how the choice of System Dynamics implies a particular translation of the Club "Problématique" into a mathematical model, focused on limits to growth. This work tries to understand how the lively debate of the 1970s, pro or anti growth, rapidly leaves place to a consensus about the goodness of growth. The inequalities between North and South, and the best technological and economical means allowing overtake material limits are the main interest of these new studies. New approaches (global modelling and environmental economics), with a new framing of problems, render the project of zero growth unconceivable, and assert the goodness of economic growth for human development and environmental preservation
Guillo, Olivier. "Méthode de régulation d'une variable écologique par contrôle optimal stochastique, en temps réel, d'activités socio-économiques dans le cadre des jeux dynamiques : application à la qualité de l'eau de la lagune de Thau et à son bassin versant." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2001AIX24008.pdf.
Full textVerger, Yoann. "Sraffa et l'économie écologique : liens et possibilités." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV020/document.
Full textSraffa's original work was intendedto be a decisive criticism of the neoclassicalmarginalist paradigm, trying to reveal that aneconomic theory based on objective data aboutproduction and distribution of the surplus canexplain exchange values. Ecological economicswere also intended as a criticism of theneoclassical environment economics, trying toexpress the fact that decisions about theenvironment cannot be taken according toeconomic analyses alone. My thesis investigateshow both schools interrelate.The main point of my conclusion is that Sraffa'sanalysis rejects natural resources in hisexplanation of exchange value, not becausenature is not important for the economic process(the contribution of nature is infinite in thisrespect), but because the economic discourse isnot able to express its value. The theory of Sraffahelps to define what the economic discourse cansay and what are the ontological objects of theeconomic analysis. From there, a Sraffianecological economics can be built on Sraffa'sbasis, and it would help to construct a classicalalternative to the neoclassical environmentaleconomics
Youssef, Darin. "Environnement institutionnel, stabilité bancaire et croissance économique dans les pays du Moyen-Orient et de l'Afrique du Nord." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD049/document.
Full textThe Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has witnessed many institutional and financial reforms meant to stimulate economic development. While traditional theories of economic growth promote capital accumulation and technological progress as fundamental determinants of economic development, studies that gave birth to the “new institutional economics” stress the major contribution of institutional development to economic development. The objective of this dissertation is to understand the role of institutional quality and financial regulation in the process of financial development and economic growth in the MENA region since the 1980s. Based on recent and adequate econometric models, this dissertation answers the following questions: What is the role played by institutional quality and banking regulation in explaining capital, risk and efficiency adjustments in the banking system of the MENA region? Is there a positive and significant effect of institutional quality on banking and economic development? Can inter-country differences in terms of economic performance be explained by institutional factors? significant effect on bank capital, excessive risk taking and efficiency of banks operating in the MENA region; (ii) Banking regulation has a positive and significant effect on banking development, and there is positive and significant interdependence between economic growth and banking development; (iii) the impact of institutional quality is stronger in countries that witnessed a weak growth rate on average compared to fast-growing countries where the institutional effect is not significant
Codur, Anne-Marie. "La relation société-environnement dans une approche systémique : contribution à la définition du concept de développement durable." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996IEPP0019.
Full textThis thesis proposes a theoretical framework for studying the society-environment relationship in a systemic perspective especially in the context of social systems that are closely dependant on their local environment, as is still the case for most rural communities in developing countries. Traditional analytical, quantitative approaches (using linear causalities) generally fail to explain the complexity of the relation between a society and its environment. This dissertation employs a dynamic interactive socio-ecological system (SES) model which represents the organization of the interface that links any society to its natural environment. Focusing on the institutional aspect of this interface, i argue that the relation between institutional design and ecosystemic properties is critical for sustainability. Sustainable institutional structures must be sensitive to physical factors which impose constraints on the exploitation of natural renewable resources (e. G. Variability and uncertainty in the availability of a resource in space, time and quantity, conditions of access, visibility, divisibility,. . ) I develop a typology of diverse ideal-types of SESs according to institutional responses to ecological constraints (especially in terms of appropriate institutional scales or regulation of access to resources). I illustrate this typology by examples of historically sustainable SESs in rural communities of Morocco and Tunisia. These communities are experiencing exogenous and endogenous changes or shocks (population pressure, institutional failures, openess to the market, conflicts between different institutional scales of regulation,. . . ) That are modifying the patterns of the socio-environment interface and can lead to ecological degradations if the necessary institutional adaptations fail to occur
Constant, Karine. "Environnement et croissance : Essais sur des implications des choix altruistes des ménages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2004.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between economic growth and the environment, when considering the altruistic choices of parents toward their children, through environmental, economic and educative bequests. This work is organized around three chapters. The first focuses on the first stages of economic development, corresponding to a major turning point of this relationship. It highlights the role of interactions between economic, demographic and environmental spheres in the emergence of a polluting industrialization. Moreover, it illustrates the great disparities, historically observed, with economies stuck in a poverty trap and others developing at expense of their environment. The others chapter deals with developed economies. The second chapter takes into account the endogeneity of environmental preferences in order to analyze the implications of an environmental policy composed of usual tools (pollution tax and abatement activities) and an educative tool aiming to raise households’ environmental awareness. We show that such a policy mix may allow to avoid intergenerational inequalities, coming from fluctuations in preferences, and to enhance economic growth. The third chapter considers the effects of pollution on longevity and their unequal repartition across population. We highlight that there exists an inequality trap, where disparities are persistently widening, but also that an environmental policy may allow an economy to escape from this trap and to improve economic growth, through its positive effects on health and on the returns to education
Plottu, Éric. "Environnement : principe et methodologie de l'evaluation hierarchique. un cadre pour le developpement durable et l'analyse de projets." Rennes 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN10003.
Full textChautard, Guy. "Environnement, croissance économique et territoire : l'exemple d'une zone de tradition industrielle du Nord-Pas-de-Calais." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-17-18.pdf.
Full textOladeji, Sunday. "Commerce Nord-Sud et environnement : une approche technologique." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX24007.
Full textAbdelkafi, Rami. "Développement soutenable et croissance endogene." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0036.
Full textChèze, Benoît. "Pollutions locales et globales : Evaluation de leurs impacts environnementaux et des poltiques publiques visant à les réduire. Trois analyses empiriques." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100052.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three different studies aiming at empirically analysing various pollutions and environmental policies examples, which are all emblematic of our contemporary life-style. A first Chapter provides air traffic CO2 emissions projections at the worldwide level and for eight geographical zones until 2025. We show that air traffic energy efficiency improvements yield effectively to reduce the effect of air traffic rise on corresponding CO2 emissions increase, but do not annihilate it. Thus, air transport CO2 emissions are unlikely to diminish unless there is a radical technological shift, or air travel demand is restricted. A second Chapter presents the results of a meta-analysis that focuses on the environmental valuation methods and their estimates of waste disposal sites disamenities. The mean external cost and the effect of key factors influencing these estimates are quantified by mean of specific econometric and statistical methods. A last Chapter aims at identifying the EU ETS carbon price drivers during its pilot Phase, i. E. From 2005 to 2007. The main result of this study features that price drivers of CO2 allowances linked to energy market prices, unanticipated weather events and economic activity vary around institutional events revealing the installations’ net short/long positions
Boubaker, Wided. "Eco-innovation, Performance environnementale et impact économique sur les entreprises : étude de cas des groupes Papetiers présents en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0048.
Full textThis thesis seeks to demonstrate that improved Environmental Performance (EP), through the implementation of eco-innovative initiatives , positively influences Financial Performance ( FP) of a company. As basic hypothesis, we chose that of Porter ( 1991), which emphasizes the benefits of implementing environmental strategies respecting the principle of sustainable development. This hypothesis is totally opposed to the neoclassical vision that considers the costs of environmental protection as additional and excessive costs that may hamper the company's economic development. To validate our research hypothesis , we chose to test econometrically , through the method of linear regression, the relationship between EP and FP choosing as EP indicators, environmental investments and expenses (IE), the percentage of certified fiber (CF) and the "Sustainable Value"Environment indexes, relative to each of the environmental resources. These indexes are calculated using the approach "Sustainable Value" destined to evaluate the corporate sustainability and who represents an application of reasoning of classical financial analysis to environmental resources. We chose to conduct this study in a static and dynamic perspectives in order to assess the effects of EP on FP in a short and a medium term, through the evaluation of both the current effect and the one and two years delayed effect of the EP in FP. The results thus released from the econometric study provided a validation of our main research hypothesis , stating that a good EP influence positively the FP and the profitability of the Company.We note that the environmental initiatives are profitable since the first year of their implementation, except that the intensity of this profit varies according to the nature of Eco-innovation (Eco-innovation product, Eco-innovation process) and according to the characteristics of each company
Niang-Freu, Fatou Kiné. "Tourisme et environnement littoral : les exemples de la Petite Côte et de la Grande Côte du Sénégal." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30062.
Full textTourism is the second economic activity generator of revenue in Senegal. On the Senegalese coastline, particularly on the Little Coast and the Great Coast, it relies on reliable assets. However, it is also a factor of socio-cultural, economic and spatial transformation of the coastline. Through its developed sites, infrastructures and activities, touristic development creates a new environment that is often perceived as deterioration. This area is facing contamination and damage caused by sources which are not linked to tourism. This leads inevitably to negative impacts on the sustainability of investments in tourism. The thesis offers, firstly, a geographical analysis of disequilibrium between the Great Coast and the Little Coast of Senegal. It studies then the different strategies of management and development of parks, reserves, and cultural and historical heritage. Thirdly, it tries to suggest perspectives and solutions for a sustainable development and management of tourism in Senegal
Cerda, Planas Lorenzo. "Towards greener societies : nudging behaviour at a country and global scale." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010037.
Full textThis paper aims to provide an alternative explanation for why countries behave differently with respect to the environment and contributions to global pollution, although they might be quite similar from an economic development point of view. To explore this idea, I use a simple micro-founded model in which individuals derive utility from their own well-being as well as from a moral standpoint. The utility of the latter concept comes from the idea that individuals derive satisfaction from doing ‘the right thing’ (at least to some degree) – or, according to Immanuel Kant, from behaving according to the imperative principle. Being or acting green could fall into the category of such imperative principles. Using these concepts in addition to a simple political framework, I show that two equivalent societies (i.e., societies with the same income, political system, etc.) can reach two different environmental behaviour equilibria. I also locate the means of nudging a society from one equilibrium to another. Although I do not claim that this explanation is the only reason for why countries behave differently, this model provides a very simple rationale for why this could happen
Gondran, Natacha. "Système de diffusion d'information pour encourager les PME-PMI à améliorer leurs performances environnementales." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804929.
Full textAlves, Carlos-Manuel. "La protection intégrée de l'environnement en droit communautaire." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40006.
Full textIn the face of increasingly significant ecological imbalances, the question of the relationship between the environment and economic development has become international. The integration or the integrated protection of the environment seeks to es ablish equilibrium between these two essential needs. Its consist of placing environmental considerations in development policies. Taking account of its call, the European Community, regional organisation for. . . Economic integration, could not stay in the background of such a movement. Integration has taken the form of a legal duty in the treatry. .
Zeggaï, Nassima. "Pour un développement intégré du Tourisme en Algérie : le cas du littoral algérois." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040260.
Full textAlgeria is a producing and exporting country of hydrocarbons, but this revenue stream which made live more than 30 million inhabitants will be dried up in less than 30 years. The spectre of it after oil will show itself as we shall expect least unless no measure was taken to face it. One of the substitution solutions to hydrocarbons is to develop the sector of the tourism. It is an economic stake which will assure resources in currencies and their positive effects on the balance of payments. On the redundancy plan, it will allow to increase the employment knowing that there is a distance mattering between the demand and the offer regarding work. It is also an environmental stake because it requires the existence of quality potentialities to assure its sustainability.It is in this frame that we registered our research for a tourist development in Algeria in its integrated dimension, environment-friendly, by supporting our work by taking for study case Algiers, the capital being the showcase of the country. To do it, we established a current situation of the tourism in Algeria and the environmental impacts on the tourist spaces. The tourism is not developed in spite of the diversity of the potentialities and the multiple strategies of tourist development which followed one another. Besides, knowing that the tourist sector undergoes the impacts of the other activities on the environment, we detailed the sources of degradation by returning on the case of Algiers which shows well the catastrophic environmental situation which prevails in the country. ll this allowed to clear perspectives for a development integrated of the tourism on the coast of Algiers, which can be adapted to every entity of the algerian coast
Chancel, Lucas. "Unsustainable inequalities? Essays on global income and pollution inequality." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH063/document.
Full textChapter I, entitled “Indian income inequality dynamics, 1922-2015: From British Raj to Billionaire Raj?” , discusses the methodological issues at stake when reconstructing historical income inequality series in a country as populated as India, but with very scarce data. The chapter shows that despite many important data limitations, one can combine tax data, surveys and national accounts in a systematic manner to reconstruct income inequality estimates robust to a wide range of alternative strategies. In the case of India, the results are striking as they reveal that income inequality is currently at its highest level since the creation of the Indian Income tax in 1922. The top 1% capture more than 22% of national income today, up from 6% in the mid-1980s, when the top 1% captured about 6% of total income. Chapter II, entitled “Building a global income distribution brick by brick” , builds on chapter I (and many other similar endeavors carried out by my colleagues at the WIL) to construct a global distribution of income based on a systematic combination of tax, survey data and national accounts. Our results are notable as some go against preconceived ideas on globalization and its impacts on economic inequality. In particular, we show that the global top 1% captured twice as much global income growth as the bottom 50% since 1980. We demonstrate that inequality increased, rather than decreased between world individuals since 1980, despite strong growth in the emerging world. In other words, rising inequality within countries was stronger than the effect of reduced inequality between countries since 1980. Looking into the future, the chapter also reveals that under “Business as Usual”, global inequality is likely to further rise (despite strong growth in emerging regions) contrary to what has been argued in academic and public debates on the matter. The Appendices to the chapter present the details of the method and reveal that our results are robust alternative strategies to account for missing data at the country level.How to move from global income inequality to global environmental inequality? A first step is to understand the role of income and non-income drivers of individual pollution levels within countries. This is the work that is discussed in Chapter III, entitled “Are younger generations higher carbon emitters than their elders?” , which focuses on the determinants of individual level CO2 emissions and focus on the role of income, technology and other factors, such as date of birth. We show that the French baby-boom generation emitted relatively more CO2 than their parents and their children, throughout their lifetime (about 20% more direct CO2 emissions). This is due to a combination of income, technological lock-in and cultural effects. Chapter IV, entitled “Carbon and inequality: From Kyoto to Paris” , builds on the results obtained in the previous chapters to construct a global distribution of carbon emissions. At the time of writing this chapter, global income inequality estimates presented in Chapter II were not available, so we had to rely on work done by other researchers to obtain global income series (Lakner and Milanovic, 2015). These were corrected with tax data and then used to reconstruct a global carbon emissions database. We show that the top 10% emitters account for about 45% of global emissions today and that twenty years ago, global inequality of carbon emissions was essentially a between-country inequality phenomena. Today, the situation is being reversed as within-country emissions inequality accounts for as much of global emissions inequality as the between-country dimension. On the basis of our results, we propose schemes to better share contributions to climate adaptation funds. The history of climate negotiations shows the extreme difficulty to implement any kinds of allocation rules to share a climate burden
Bettaieb, Hanene. "Rationalisation de la consommation d'énergie et qualité de développement durable : étude de la relation consommation d'énergie - croissance économique (cas de la Tunisie)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV005/document.
Full textTo study the relation between the energy consumption, the economic growth and the environment is crucial in the process of proposal of the policies. Except, that the question that arises, that is of use to what to propose actions, strategies and policies which are not practised by the consumer. For that purpose, our reflection articulated in three axes within this thesis by beginning by studying the relation between the energy consumption and the economic growth by taking into account the oil price, in first axis. Then, we have to study this relation but this time by integrating the environmental side via CO2 emissions to consider the environmental effects due to the energy consumption which followed the rhythm been imperative by the acceleration of the economic growth. Where from, the interest of the energy and environmental policies to reduce the demand of energy and to protect the environment. The citizen as the actor of RSA(ACTIVE SOLIDARITY REVENUE) has to have an awareness of the DD via several actions such as the education and the formation on one hand and the putting in measure of the information to the public of the children to the young people to the adults. Yet, the not awareness entailed one evil understanding of action plans and thus the evil practises. Otherwise, the success of these actions in Tunisia requires a combined awareness of a participation of the other actors. For these reasons, the last part was dedicated to the study of the consciousness at the students and the teachers. According to the results, the students and the teachers are little (see not of quite sometimes) informed about the councils of control and about environmental protection. Thus, the implementation of the programs of formation and raising sensitization is seen necessary within the university establishments and all the educational establishments, and the actors of RSA generally. Nevertheless, these actors do not have to act by obligation but rather they must be convinced of the strategic interest of the energy and environmental policies of the country
Amisse-Gauthier, Magali. "La régulation juridique des interactions entre les démarches économique et environnementale : enjeu pour un développement durable : l'exemple des marais salants de la presqu'île guérandaise." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT4004.
Full textCansell, Patrick. "Management de l'information et connaissance du marché : développement des pratiques collectives d'intelligence économique et de management de l'information dans une démarche d'adaptation de l'entreprise à son environnement : expérimentations et résultats : Giat Industries 1998-2002." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0195.
Full textTchoba, Charles. "Culture, développement durable et démocratie participative : l'exemple des ONG environnementales gabonaises." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU1005.
Full textAt present, the sustainable development is one of the topics that worry more the nongovernmental organizations (NGO's) on the international scene. How could NGO's constitute a strong vector of popular mobilization and promotion of the sustainable development through the projects that they implement ? Which are the links between sustainable development, culture and participative democracy ? The objective of this thesis is to wonder about the role of culture in sustainable development and participative democracy, related to the environmental protection. After a development on the concept of culture, the thesis shows that the little of interest granted to this concept constitutes an important lack in the approach of sustainable development and participation. Indeed, the culture is mediating the relations that the subject maintains with its environment. Such a lack explains the difficulties encountered by the actors who work in favour of the sustainable development and the conservation of biodiversity. It is what we show in the precise field of the forest starting from an empirical case : the Gabonese environmental NGO's. Ultimately, this thesis suggests not ignoring the topic competence, i. E. The capacity of subject to know how to function in space. Within the framework of sustainable forest management, it thus appears necessary to develop the aforementioned competence in thought and action, by holding account of the various representations of nature as well as deep aspirations of the topic actors