Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Developmental langage disorder'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Developmental langage disorder.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Developmental langage disorder.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Riou, Anne-Sophie. "Compréhension de noms nouveaux par des enfants atteints de trouble développemental du langage ou de trouble du spectre de l’autisme : inférences morphologiques et conceptuelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2108.
Abstract:
Cette thèse porte sur la compréhension de noms nouveaux par des enfants atteints de trouble développemental du langage (TDL) ou de trouble du spectre autistique (TSA) sans déficit intellectuel. Les enfants recrutés pour notre recherche sont âgés de 8 à 11 ans et présentent un niveau lexical normal au test EVIP (étendue lexicale). Nous avons évalué leurs aptitudes en profondeur lexico-sémantique, à partir d’une expérience de compréhension de trois types de noms nouveaux morphologiquement construits (noms composés et noms dérivés) et d’une expérience de compréhension de noms nouveaux nécessitant une inférence à partir de la catégorisation conceptuelle.S’agissant de la compréhension de noms morphologiquement construits, nous mettons en évidence des aptitudes inférentielles à partir de la morphologie pour les deux types de population, mais dans des proportions moindres que leurs contrôles appariés en âge et en réussite en étendue lexicale. En outre, des difficultés propres à chaque pathologie ressortent également de nos analyses, selon le mode de formation des noms nouveaux. En effet, les enfants atteints de TSA ne sont en difficulté que pour comprendre des noms nouveaux composés de deux noms, alors que les enfants atteints de TDL sont également en difficulté pour comprendre des noms nouveaux composés d’une racine et d’un nom, ainsi que les noms dérivés.Concernant les aptitudes inférentielles axées sur la catégorisation conceptuelle, nous soulignons que les enfants atteints de TDL et ceux atteints de TSA organisent leurs concepts de façon hiérarchisée, mais là encore de façon moindre que leurs contrôles, et ils appréhendent cette organisation de façon différente, notamment dans la hiérarchie des traits sémantiques. A partir de ces résultats, il est possible d’envisager l’amélioration de l’évaluation et de la remédiation lexicale, chez les enfants atteints de pathologies du langage et de la communicationThis thesis considers the process of understanding of new names by children with developmental language disorder (DLD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual deficit. The participants were 8 to 11 years old children with a normal receptive lexical level according to the peabody picture vocabulary test (lexical breadth). We assessed the depth of their-semantic skills, through an experiment of understanding three types of morphologically constructed new names (compound names and derived names) and an experiment of understanding new nouns requiring inference from conceptual categorization.Regarding the understanding of morphologically constructed nouns, the data highlights, the presence of inferential skills in both populations, but lesser proportions than in their age-matched controls, despite similar receptive lexical level. In addition, specific difficulties are exhibited depending on the pathological group, resulting in differences in the pattern of results among the three kinds of new polymorphemic nouns. Indeed, children with ASD only have difficulty understanding new nouns made up of two names, while children with DLD also have difficulty understanding new nouns made up of a root and a noun, as well as derived nouns.As to inferential skills focused on conceptual categorization, the results show that children with DLD and those with ASD organize their concepts in a hierarchical way, but again less precisely than their controls, and they understand this organization in a different way, notably regarding the special status of semantic features which may be specifically associated with the representation of the objet. The results are discussed to improve lexical assessment and remediation in children with speech and communication pathologies
2
Guiraud, Hélène. "Symphonie des oscillations cérébrales lors de la perception de la parole : études comportementale et en magnétoencéphalographie chez les enfants neurotypiques et dysphasiques." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2139/document.
Abstract:
Les modèles actuels de perception de la parole suggèrent un couplage étroit entre les rythmes cérébraux, caractérisés par les oscillations neuronales, et le rythme de la parole, permettant de segmenter le flux verbal continu en unités linguistiques pertinentes pour la reconnaissance. En particulier, les modulations lentes d’amplitude de l’enveloppe temporelle de la parole, véhiculant l’information syllabique et prosodique, sont capables d’« entrainer » les oscillations corticales auditives dans la bande de fréquence thêta (4-7 Hz), échantillonnant le signal verbal en unités syllabiques. L’information temporelle qui caractérise la parole joue un rôle fondamental dans l’acquisition et le développement du langage ; un déficit de traitement des indices rythmiques de la parole a d’ailleurs été décrit dans les troubles développementaux du langage. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de mieux comprendre les processus neurocognitifs sous-tendant la perception du rythme de la parole naturelle chez l’enfant présentant un développement langagier typique ou atypique (dysphasie) dans trois études. Une première étude en magnétoencéphalographie (MEG) a permis de dévoiler la dynamique corticale oscillatoire chez des enfants francophones neurotypiques (8-13 ans) lors de l’écoute de phrases naturellement produites à un débit normal ou rapide. Nos résultats suggèrent l’existence de deux phénomènes d’« entrainment » des oscillations sur l’enveloppe temporelle de la parole à débit normal, l’un dans la bande thêta au sein des régions auditives droites, l’autre dans une bande centrée sur le débit syllabique moyen des stimuli dans les régions temporales antérieures gauches. Dans la condition de parole rapide, une synchronisation cortico-acoustique a été mise en évidence dans la bande thêta au sein des régions (pré)motrices gauches, reflétant le rôle de la voie dorsale d’intégration sensori-motrice dans les conditions d’écoute difficiles mais aussi dans le développement du langage oral. Les deux études suivantes ont été réalisées chez des enfants présentant une dysphasie expressive (8-13 ans) afin de tester l’hypothèse d’un trouble de traitement du rythme syllabique chez ces enfants, potentiellement sous-tendu par une dynamique corticale oscillatoire atypique. Dans une étude comportementale, nous avons évalué les capacités des enfants dysphasiques à décoder de la parole naturellement produite à débit normal ou rapide, ou accélérée artificiellement. Nous avons montré des performances réduites chez ces enfants, en regard d’enfants neurotypiques, pour traiter des phrases accélérées naturellement et artificiellement, suggérant un déficit d’extraction du rythme de la parole lorsque la fréquence des modulations de l’enveloppe temporelle augmente. Une étude en MEG, identique à celle réalisée chez les enfants neurotypiques, nous a permis d’apporter de premiers éléments en faveur de cette interprétation en révélant un traitement cortical atypique de l’information syllabique dans la dysphasie, qui pourrait rendre compte des troubles phonologiques et morpho-syntaxiques souvent décrits dans ce trouble neuro-développemental. Une synchronisation réduite des oscillations thêta du cortex auditif a ainsi été mise en évidence chez les enfants dysphasiques par rapport à leurs pairs lors de la perception de parole à débit normal. L’absence d’alignement de l’activité oscillatoire des régions prémotrices sur l’enveloppe temporelle des phrases à débit rapide nous a en outre conduit à émettre l’hypothèse d’un dysfonctionnement de la voie dorsale chez ces enfants. Dans l’ensemble, ce travail de thèse fournit donc, pour la première fois à notre connaissance, des preuves expérimentales (i) de la synchronisation entre rythmes corticaux et rythme de la parole naturelle chez les enfants à développement langagier typique et (ii) d’une dynamique oscillatoire atypique lors de la perception de parole à débit normal et rapide chez les enfants dysphasiquesCurrent models of speech perception suggest a close correspondence between brain rhythms, characterized by neuronal oscillations, and speech rhythm, which would allow the brain to parse the incoming speech signal into relevant linguistic units for decoding. Slow amplitude modulations in speech temporal envelope, which convey syllabic and prosodic information, have been shown to entrain oscillatory activity of auditory cortex in the theta frequency band (4-7 Hz), sampling the acoustic signal into syllable-sized units. Temporal information in speech is a foundation for oral language acquisition and development; accordingly, deficits in processing speech rhythmic cues have been described in developmental language disorders. This thesis sought to throw light on the neurocognitive processes underlying the perception of natural speech in children with typical and atypical language development (Specific Language Impairment – SLI – or Developmental Language Disorder – DLD) in three experimental studies. In a first magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we unraveled the oscillatory dynamics in a group of French-speaking typically-developing children aged 8 to 13 years old during listening to naturally-produced sentences either at a normal or fast rate. Our results suggested two types of entrainment of cortical oscillations on the temporal envelope of normal rate speech: the first one occurred in the theta band in right auditory cortex whereas the second one was found in a frequency band centered on the mean syllabic rate of our stimuli in left anterior temporal regions. As to the fast rate condition, we showed cortico-acoustic coupling in the theta band in left (pre)motor areas, reflecting the role of the sensorimotor dorsal pathway in challenging listening conditions as well as in language development. In two other studies, we tested the hypothesis of an impairment to process speech syllabic rhythm, potentially underpinned by atypical oscillatory cortical dynamics, in children with developmental language disorders mainly at the expressive level. In a behavioral study, we examined how French-speaking children with expressive DLD (8-13 years old) processed speech naturally produced at a normal or fast rate, or artificially accelerated. Our results showed poorer performance to decode fast sentences, either accelerated naturally or artificially, in these children as compared to their typically-developing peers, which suggests a deficit in extracting speech syllabic information with increased modulation frequency in the amplitude envelope. The last study, identical to the first one in MEG conducted in typically-developing children, provided the first piece of evidence in favor of this interpretation by showing atypical cortical processing of syllabic information in children with DLD, which may account for the phonological and morpho-syntactic deficits frequently described in this developmental disorder. Reduced alignment of theta oscillatory activity in auditory cortex to normal rate speech has indeed been evidenced in children with DLD as compared to typically-developing children. Lack of synchronization of oscillations in left (pre)motor regions to amplitude envelope of fast rate sentences was also observed, which we interpreted as potential dysfunction of the dorsal stream in this population. To the best of our knowledge, the findings obtained in this thesis therefore provide first experimental evidence for (i) coupling between brain rhythms and rhythm of naturally produced speech in typically-developing children and (ii) atypical oscillatory cortical dynamics underlying normal and fast rate speech in children with developmental language disorders
3
Kassir, Hiba. "Liens entre les représentations phonologiques et l'acquisition de la morphosyntaxe chez les enfants arabophones libanais avec et sans trouble développemental du langage." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/320589.
Abstract:
Ce travail de thèse vise à étudier le lien entre les représentations phonologiques et l’acquisition des dispositifs morphosyntaxiques chez les enfants libanais avec et sans trouble développemental du langage (TDL). Nous y avons examiné la relation entre le développement morphosyntaxique d’une part et les habiletés méta-langagières et mnésiques d’autre part afin d’explorer un rôle prédictif probable de ces dernières au niveau du développement morphosyntaxique dans ses versants réceptif et expressif.Une série d’épreuves expérimentales ont été menées auprès d’enfants arabophones libanais avec et sans TDL. Plusieurs appariements ont été entrepris par niveau lexical réceptif ou morphosyntaxique réceptif ainsi que par âge réel. Différentes épreuves langagières ont été utilisées telles que la compréhension et la production des marques de genre et de nombre, la dénomination ainsi que des épreuves méta-langagières et cognitives, telles que la décision lexicale, la conscience morphologique flexionnelle, le jugement de grammaticalité et la mémoire verbale de travail. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence une différence significative du niveau de la spécification des représentations phonologiques chez les enfants avec TDL comparés à leurs pairs, appariés par niveau lexical réceptif. De même, les enfants avec TDL diffèrent significativement des enfants ayant un développement typique et appariés par âge réel au niveau des compétences langagières et non langagières. Il est, en outre, ressorti de cette étude une différence entre le niveau de la compréhension et de l’expression en morphosyntaxe chez les enfants TDL. Les préfixes verbaux /j/ et /t/ marquant le genre au présent en arabe libanais ont été identifiés comme indicateur clinique du TDL. Une corrélation significative est d’ailleurs présente entre les capacités langagières et les habiletés méta- langagières, notamment au niveau de la conscience morphologique et du jugement grammatical chez les enfants avec TDL. Une faible corrélation a par contre été relevée entre les capacités langagières et la mémoire de travail chez le même groupe.This dissertation is the first study that examines the relationship between the phonological representations and the acquisition of morphosyntactic mechanisms in Lebanese Arabic-speaking children with and without developmental language disorders. Moreover, it explores the possibility of finding a predictive role for the metalinguistic abilities and memory skills at the morphosyntactic development level, in its receptive and expressive aspects.A battery of experimental tasks was conducted and several matchings were undertaken based on the lexical receptive skills or morphosyntactic level as well as chronological age. Different linguistic tests were used such as the comprehension and the production of gender and number as well as metalinguistic tests such as lexical decision, inflectional morphological awareness, grammatical judgment and verbal working memory. Findings reveal a significant difference between children with developmental language disorder and their peers matched by lexical receptive age at the level of specification of phonological representations. Similarly, children with language disorders differ significantly from typically developing children, matched on chronological age in terms of language and non-language skills. This study also shows a difference between the level of production and the level of comprehension in the morphosyntax among children with developmental language disorders. The verbal prefixes /j/ and /t/ marking the gender in the present tense in Arabic have been identified as a clinical indicator of language disorder. There is an evident correlation between the tests of the linguistic and metalinguistic capacities, particularly at the level of morphological awareness and grammatical judgment in children with language disorders. However, a weak correlation is found between language skills and verbal working memory in the same group.
تعتبر هذه الأطروحة رائدة في دراسة العلاقة بين ال ّتمثيلات الفونولوجية واكتساب القواعدلدى ال ّطفل اللّبناني في إطار تطور اللغة الطبيعي والإ ّضطراب اللّغوي ال ّنمائي. وتهدف أيضاً الى ت ق ي ي م م ه ا ر ا ت ا ل و ع ي ا ل ل ّ غ و ي و ا ل ّ ذ ا ك ر ة ل ت ح د ي د ا ل م ه ا ر ة ا ل ّ ت ي ت ل ع ب د و ر ا ل م ؤ ّش ر ف ي ا ك ت س ا ب ق و ا ع د ا ل ل ّ غ ة .ت ّم إجراء ع ّدة إختبارات ضمن دراسات مقارنة بين المجموعتين، الأطفال مع تطور طبيعي وأولئك الّذين يظهرون ا ّضطراباً لغوياً نمائياًّ، على أساس تطابق في مستوى فهم المفردات، فهم القواعد أو في العمر الزمني. وقد تض ّمنت ال ّدراسة إختبارات لغو ّية لقياس الفهم وال ّتعبير في مجال مورفولوجيا ال ّنوع والعدد بالموازاة مع اختبارات الوعي المورفولوجي ال ّنحوي، الوعي التركيبي وال ّذاكرة العمل ّية. وقد أظهرت نتائج ال ّدراسة وجود تباين واضح في مستوى تمايز ال ّتمثيلات الفونولوجية عندمقارنة المجموعتين المتطابقتين في مستوى فهم المفردات. كما تب ّين أ ّن مستوى الفهم القواعدي يتق ّدم على مستوى ال ّتعبير لدى الأطفال مع اضطراب اللّغة ال ّنمائي. وكذلك أثبت ال ّدراسة ترابطاً متيناً بين القدرات القواعد ّية ومستوى مهارات الوعي اللّغوي لدى أطفال المجموعتين في حين أ ّن العلاقة بين القدرات القواعد ّية وال ّذاكرة العمل ّية بدت ضعيفة. كما ش ّكل استعمال المورفيم الخاص باتباع الفعلبالفاعل من حيث ال ّنوع مؤ ّشراً عياد ّياً بارزاً في هذا الإ ّضطراب اللّغوي.
Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
4
Miller, Miranda Elizabeth. "Sociability in Children with Developmental Language Disorder." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7493.
Abstract:
This study employed the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS) to investigate two aspects of sociability, likeability and prosocial behavior, in 143 children with developmental language disorder (DLD) and 131 of their typically developing peers. Initially, measurement invariance analysis was performed to determine if teachers evaluated likeability and sociability in a similar manner for both children with DLD and their typically developing peers. Likeability items on the TBRS were invariant, and 4 of the 5 prosociability items were invariant. Subsequent analysis revealed that teachers rated children with DLD lower in both likeability and prosociability in comparison to their typically developing peers. The results of this study suggest that children with DLD are not fully accepted by their peers, nor do they engage in the helpful, comforting behaviors that encourage peer acceptance and build friendships.
5
Richards, Susan Mary. "Rhythmic sensitivity and developmental language disorder in children." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269930.
Abstract:
Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have difficulties in acquiring language in the absence of other neurodevelopmental issues (e.g. autism, hearing impairment) and despite growing up in an adequate language-learning environment. Previous characterisations of DLD have focused on grammatical processing, phonological memory or rapid auditory processing. This thesis approaches the language-learning difficulties of children with DLD from a novel perspective by considering the potential contribution made by differing levels of sensitivity to the rhythmic properties of language. Children with DLD have been shown to have reduced sensitivity to some of the acoustic cues present in speech which are thought to be important for rhythmic perception. Since rhythm forms the basis of language processing in early development, poorer sensitivity to language rhythm may result in later language problems. To investigate whether children with DLD demonstrate difficulties in processing language rhythm, this thesis explores five areas of language processing which could be affected by poor rhythmic sensitivity: locating word-boundaries, processing novel words, storing lexical stress patterns, representing sentence level structures and the integration of rhythm and syntax. As part of the investigation, measures were also taken of acoustic threshold sensitivity to see whether task performance related to acoustic sensitivity. A parallel strand of the study investigated whether provision of an entraining rhythm prior to task stimuli could support task performance. Three groups of children participated in the study: children with DLD, age-matched TD children (AMC) and younger, language-matched TD children (YLC). The results indicate that rhythmic manipulation of language stimuli affects task responses across the five language areas under investigation. The findings are then discussed in terms of the contribution made to our understanding of the role of rhythm in language and language disorder.
6
Sabbadin, Giorgia <1992>. "A comparison between bilingualism and developmental language disorder." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16251.
Abstract:
The present work is structured into three parts. The first part presents some definitions of language and language acquisition in case of typical development.
In the second part bilingualism and specific language impairment are defined and discussed.
The third part will be a comparison between the syntactic competence of bilingual children and children with specific language impairment.
Particular attention will be given to the difficulties encountered in the use of clitic pronouns and in the repetition of non-words. A comparison between studies that analysed the use of these structures will be provided. The aim is to highlight the difficulties that bilinguals and people affected by Specific Language Impairment encounter when they have to produce and/or comprehend clitic pronouns and repeat non-words.
7
Diehl, Aimee. "Developmental Language Disorders and Reticence in Childhood." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7395.
Abstract:
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) struggle in a variety of social contexts. These children display different forms of social withdrawal, the most prevalent being shyness which is behaviorally manifested as reticence. The goal of the current study was to further explore the relationship between DLD and reticence in children using a revised set of items from the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS). A total of 220 children participated in the study. A univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine if there were significant differences related to group, age, and gender on reticence. Findings revealed a significant difference based on group, indicating children with DLD demonstrate significantly higher levels of reticence; however, age and gender were not significant. Interaction effects between the three variables were also not significant. These findings replicated previously reported findings regarding reticence in children with DLD.
8
McKean, Cristina. "Investigating the development of a developmental disorder : mapping the trajectory of lexical development in specific language impairment." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1612.
Abstract:
There is increasing consensus that to understand developmental disorders we must apply developmental theoretical models and methodologies. To develop a fully specified developmental model of a developmental disorder we must understand both the nature of the innate causal processing deficits of the disorder and also how these deficits in early processing mechanisms then change the developmental process. This study aimed to examine the second of these issues with respect to Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and so describe the altered trajectory of development in this group of children. Explanatory models which propose hypothetical trajectories of development from impaired processing mechanisms in the infant to the patterns of linguistic impairments typically found in SLI are beginning to be developed. To date however there is very little empirical research which maps these trajectories. This study sought to contribute to that necessary empirical data and so to our understanding of the development of SLI. In addition it aimed to consider whether the application of a developmental methodology and perspective adds to our understanding of this disorder. A series of longitudinal case studies of children with SLI were completed. The participants were seen for four blocks of comprehensive assessment of language processing, language knowledge and "language relevant" processing over a 15 month time period. Cross sectional data from 38 typically developing (TD) children was also collected for comparison purposes. The data presented represents a part of this larger study and focuses on the development of the lexicon in SLI. Lexical and phonological processing and their interaction with phonological working memory capacity are thought to be crucial to the ontogeny of SLI. A series of tasks were developed to create a window into the nature of the developing lexicon. Data is presented from a novel non-word repetition task which manipulated the phonological characteristics of the stimuli and from a fast-mapping task where both phonological and lexical variables were manipulated. The influence of these factors on performance and changes in their influence across development were examined. Analysis of the trajectory of development of the two measures in TD children showed evidence of increasing abstraction of sub-lexical/phonological knowledge from lexical knowledge across development. In addition the developmental trajectory of fast mapping abilities demonstrated a significant and radical shift in processing bias across the age range. This result suggests that functional reorganisation in the developing lexicon, and hence the speech processing mechanism, may be taking place and which may occur as a result of increasing sub-lexical/phonological abstraction. The developmental trajectories of the children with SLI suggest that this group of children develop a different lexical processing architecture from typically developing children which does not reach the levels of efficiency of TD children's speech processing mechanisms. There is tentative support for a deficit in schema abstraction across the lexicon and an absence of functional reorganisation. The possibility that these results represent entrenchment within a self-organising network, and the possible relationship to issues of timing and critical periods is discussed. In addition it appears that compensatory strategies for this inefficient speech processing architecture may result in impaired semantic learning and so may have effects on the wider trajectory of atypical language development in SLI. Applying a developmental emergent perspective to SLI and so considering trajectories of development rather than static group comparisons can begin to uncover the nature of change within an interactive system and the nature of interdependence of processing mechanisms across development. Such an approach holds promise for revealing the nature of SLI and providing a more ecologically valid explanation of this complex disorder. The implications of developmental emergent conceptualisations of language impairment for research methodologies, diagnosis and therapy are discussed.
9
Bain, Jody L. "Language development in children with attention deficit disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ52751.pdf.
10
Dawes, Emily Catherine. "The hidden language skill: oral inferential comprehension in children with developmental language disorder." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/56528.
Abstract:
Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) experience significant difficulty with inferential comprehension, a skill which is essential for effective communication and reading comprehension. The first study created a profile of the language and cognitive skills which significantly contribute to oral inferential comprehension in 5 to 6 year old children with DLD. The second study was a randomised controlled trial of a novel inferential comprehension intervention which was effective at improving the skill in this population.
11
Gifford, Taylor. "Nonword Repetition Errors in Childhood Apraxia of Speech, Speech Sound Disorder, and Developmental Language Disorder." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588167731541878.
12
Jackson, Emily May. "Word learning and memory in children with developmental language disorder." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/83310.
Abstract:
Many children with developmental language disorder experience deficits in memory and word learning. However, the nature of these difficulties was not well known. As such, the working, declarative, and procedural memory skills of children with DLD and typical language were explored in this PhD. Additionally, word learning skills, and how they relate to memory abilities, were investigated. The clinical application of word learning evaluation was also examined, and implications for theory and practice were described.
13
Chen, Zen-Yong. "Language, cognition and the corpus callosum in adults with developmental language disorders." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412721.
14
Lau, Kai-yan Dustin, and 劉啟欣. "Compound word processing: development and disorder." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47249675.
Abstract:
Compounding is one of the most productive methods to construct words in different
languages, e.g. joining the words “super” and “man” gives the compound word
“superman”. For decades, researchers are interested to know how compound words are
stored and retrieved in the lexicon. Different theories of lexical storage and retrieval of
compound words were proposed to explain the compound word processing observed in
both normal and abnormal adult subjects. However, little studies have attempted to apply
these theories to explain the developmental pattern of storage and retrieval of compound
words. To fill the gap, the major aim of the current study is to investigate the power of
different theories of lexical storage and retrieval of compound words in explaining the
typical and atypical development of compound word processing in Chinese children.
Altogether, 20 grade 2 children, 22 grade 4 children, and 17 grade 6 children
screened to have normal non-verbal intelligence and reading abilities were recruited from
a local mainstream school. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the existence
of the holistic representations of compound words and the representations of their
constituent morphemes in the lexicon, and their involvement during the compound word
retrieval processes across different grade levels.
Results show that grade 4 and grade 6 children demonstrate significant whole-word
frequency, morphological family size and semantic transparency effects in all three
experiments, a pattern which resembles that observed in normal adult subjects. The grade
2 children, however, only demonstrate significant whole-word frequency effect but not
the morphological family size and the semantic transparency effect. The results indicate
that grade 4 and grade 6 children adopt the partial-decomposed approach of compound
word storage and retrieval (e.g. Taft, 2003). As for the grade 2 children, it is hypothesized
that their performances represent a developing stage of the partial-decomposed approach,
where networks of morphological relations between family members were underdeveloped
in their lexicon.
Further investigation of the compatibility of the partial-decomposed approach in
explaining the compound word storage and retrieval pattern resulted from atypical
development was conducted. The three experiments mentioned above were administered
on 16 poor readers (PR), 16 reading-level-matched (RL) peers and 16 chronological-agematched
(CA) peers. Interestingly, the PR group’s performances resemble that of the RL
and CA group in experiments of whole-word frequency and morphological family size
but not in experiment of semantic transparency. The PR group’s performances can be
explained by assuming a deficit in identifying shared semantic features between
compound words and their constituents in the partial-decomposed approach. It is
proposed that the PR group identifies frequently occurring morphemes as salient
orthographic reading units without recognizing the shared semantic features between
compound words and their constituents.
In summary, results of the current study support the partial-decomposed approach of
lexical storage and retrieval of compound words. The current study further proposes (i) a
developing stage of the partial-decomposed approach to explain the compound word
processing within an under-developed lexicon and (ii) a deviated partial-decomposed
approach to explain the compound word processing of children with reading difficulties.published_or_final_version
Speech and Hearing Sciences
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
15
PERSICI, VALENTINA. "Neural entrainment, hierarchical processing, and morphosyntactic and rhythmic predictions in typical development, in Developmental Dyslexia, and in Developmental Language Disorder." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/277377.
Abstract:
Il presente lavoro indaga i meccanismi di predizione e di sincronizzazione neurale nei bambini, sulla base dell’ipotesi che questi possano essere elementi rilevanti nei processi di elaborazione ritmica e morfosintattica. Sia il metro ritmico che il linguaggio sono organizzati in strutture gerarchiche in cui gli elementi sono ordinati secondo regole specifiche (Fitch & Martins, 2014). La conoscenza di queste regole porta alla formazione automatica di aspettative riguardo al materiale in arrivo; queste aspettative sono ritenute fondamentali per l'elaborazione efficiente del linguaggio e del ritmo, così anche come per la lettura (Guasti et al., 2017).
In questa tesi abbiamo ipotizzato che migliori capacità di elaborazione gerarchica nel ritmo possano portare a migliori capacità di processamento di strutture gerarchiche nel linguaggio e che deficit in queste abilità possano portare allo sviluppo di disturbi del linguaggio e/o della lettura. Per valutare se le abilità nel fare previsioni strutturali correlino tra ritmo e il linguaggio, abbiamo studiato e confrontato le capacità di predire materiale linguistico (sulla base di informazioni morfosintattiche) e materiale ritmico in gruppi di bambini a sviluppo tipico (in inglese, TD) con o senza formazione musicale e in partecipanti con dislessia evolutiva (in inglese, DD). I risultati hanno confermato le nostre ipotesi, in quanto hanno mostrato predizioni strutturali migliori nei musicisti rispetto ai non-musicisti nel gruppo dei tipici e migliori predizioni strutturali nei TD rispetto ai bambini con dislessia. Inoltre, i risultati suggeriscono miglioramenti nell’efficienza delle strategie di processamento con l’aumentare dell’età.
In secondo luogo, abbiamo ipotizzato che differenze individuali nella forza e nella efficienza con cui si fanno predizioni temporali e di contenuto possano dipendere da differenze individuali nell’efficienza e nella precisione dei meccanismi neurali di sincronizzazione delle oscillazioni cerebrali rispetto agli stimoli uditivi. Per testare queste ipotesi, abbiamo analizzato le risposte neurali di bambini TD e di bambini affetti da disturbo evolutivo del linguaggio (in inglese, DLD) in un paradigma sperimentale progettato per suscitare diverse interpretazioni metriche (e quindi gerarchiche). I risultati hanno mostrato che tutti i bambini erano sensibili alle caratteristiche metriche degli stimoli e che le differenze individuali nell’attività neurale predicevano le prestazioni in compiti sintattici. Inoltre, i risultati hanno suggerito che i bambini con DLD potrebbero avere attività oscillatoria atipica nella banda di frequenza gamma (che, secondo gli studi in letteratura (p.es., Ding et al., 2017), è importante per l’elaborazione gerarchica).
In accordo con Ladányi, Persici, et al. (in revisione), sosteniamo che l’attività oscillatoria a livello neurale possa svolgere un ruolo chiave nel supportare il processamento degli elementi di base e delle strutture gerarchiche, sia nel ritmo che nel linguaggio, e che questo supporto passi attraverso il miglioramento delle predizioni strutturali. Sosteniamo, quindi, che migliori capacità di sincronizzazione neurale si traducano in migliori capacità di predizione strutturale e che queste, a loro volta, possano influenzare positivamente l’elaborazione ritmica e linguistica.
Le evidenze presentate in questo lavoro rimarcano l’importanza dello studio dell’attività oscillatoria cerebrale nei bambini piccoli e suggeriscono la possibilità di utilizzare questi paradigmi nell’infanzia per poter predire il futuro sviluppo di disturbi del linguaggio e/o della lettura. Inoltre, gli studi qui riportati sottolineano come la formazione musicale sia importante per il miglioramento dei processi di elaborazione linguistica e suggeriscono che l’uso di attività ritmiche, in particolare, possa giocare un ruolo fondamentale nel trattamento dei disturbi del linguaggio e della lettura.This work investigates prediction mechanisms and neural entrainment in children as the possible elements underlying both rhythmic and morphosyntactic processing. Both rhythmic meter and language are organized in hierarchical structures in which elements are ordered following specific rules (Fitch and Martins, 2014). Knowledge of these rules triggers compulsive expectancies regarding incoming material; these are assumed to be fundamental for efficient language and rhythmic processing and for reading (Guasti et al., 2017; Grüter, Rohde and Schafer, 2014; Miyake, Onishi and Pöppel, 2004; Persici et al., 2019). In this work we hypothesized that better hierarchical processing abilities in rhythm may transfer to the language domain, and that deficits in hierarchical processing may lead to language and/or reading disorders. To test whether abilities in making structure-based predictions correlate across domains, we investigated the abilities to infer the arrival of morphosyntactic and rhythmic material in groups of children with typical language development (TD) with or without musical training, and in participants with Developmental Dyslexia (DD). Results confirmed our hypotheses, as they showed better structure-based predictions in musician children than in non-musician TD children, and in TD children than in DD children. Results also suggested that efficiency of processing strategies improves with age. Secondly, we hypothesized that individual differences in strength of timing and content structure-based predictions may be the result of individual differences in the efficiency and precision with which brain oscillations entrain to auditory stimuli (‘neural entrainment’). To address these hypotheses, we tested the neural responses of TD children and of children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) in an experimental paradigm that was designed to elicit different metrical (hierarchical) interpretations. Results showed that all children were sensitive to hierarchical structures, and that individual differences in neural activity predicted individual differences in syntactic performance. Importantly, results also suggested that children with DLD might have atypical oscillatory activity in the gamma frequency band, which is important for hierarchical processing (Ding et al., 2017). In line with Fiveash et al. (submitted) and in Ladányi, Persici, et al. (submitted), we propose that neural oscillatory activity plays a key role in supporting the processing of both surface-level features and of syntactic structures in both musical rhythm and language, through an enhancement of structure-based prediction abilities; individual differences in neural entrainment will lead to individual differences in strength of predictions, which in turn will lead to individual differences in language and rhythm performance. The evidence presented in this work indicates that neural oscillatory activity gives an important insight into the language abilities of children and suggests that studying neural responses to rhythm in infancy may help predict the later development of language/reading disorders. Furthermore, our results suggest that musical training has positive effects on hierarchical processing, and that musical interventions centered on rhythm may enhance mechanisms of neural entrainment and timing, as well as hierarchical processing skills.
16
Carpenter, Allen LaRoy. "Assessment of Early Language Lateralization in Autism Spectrum Disorder." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1285003957.
17
Holm, Alison. "Speech development and disorder in bilingual children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/183.
Abstract:
Speech-language pathologists have no clear guidelines on how to assess, diagnose or treat bilingual children with speech disorders. This thesis addresses this issue. The phonological development of 91 Cantonese-English and Punjabi-English bilingual children is described. Two Cantonese-English bilingual children's phonological development over the year they were first exposed to English is also presented. The bilingual children's phonological systems were clearly differentiated. The bilingual children's speech also included many phonological processes that would be considered atypical for a monolingual child. The use of these processes is argued to be characteristic of normal bilingual development. The longitudinal data showed that the atypical error patterns were transient and directly related to the introduction of the second language. Some `atypical' error patterns could be plausibly explained by referring to the nature of the two phonological systems. Other atypical processes could be explained by language-specific differences in normal developmental or adult variation patterns. This thesis argues that the differences evident in the bilingual children's phonological patterns are due to `hypothesis testing' resulting in underspecified realisation rules. There was no indication that bilingual children process phonological input and output differently to monolingual children. However, they differentiate the cognitive-linguistic information they abstract from the two languages, and they use separate phonological realisation rules for each language. This thesis argues that bilingual children use the same phonological processing mechanism for both languages, however they are able to filter each language through the appropriate language-specific phonological information. Case studies of 21 children with disordered speech and treatment case studies of 2 children are also presented. The disordered speech data supports current psycholinguistic models of speech processing the hypothesised levels of breakdown fit with the error profiles evident. The bilingual children with speech disorder validate Dodd's (1995) classification system: four different types of disorder were evident. The results of the two treatment case studies presented suggest that unless intervention targets the underlying deficit the effect of intervention will be language-specific. The investigation into bilingual children with disordered speech indicates that speechlanguage pathologists need to assess both languages of a bilingual child to determine the language-specific patterns and the type of disorder and that it is important to compare bilingual children to their bilingual normally developing peers, not to monolingual developmental data.
18
Seaberg, Capri Annissa. "The Effects of Social Communication Intervention on Emotion Inferencing in Children with Developmental Language Disorder." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6874.
Abstract:
Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) often face problems in areas of social communication including negotiating with peers, entering ongoing interactions, and engaging in conflict resolution. A potential cause of these social communication difficulties is the decreased ability to make emotional inferences. This thesis investigates the effects of a social communication intervention on the ability of school-aged children with DLD to make inferences about emotions. Five children with DLD between the ages of 6;10 and 12;4 participated in a social communication intervention that highlighted principles of emotion understanding (recognizing emotions in facial expressions, inferring emotions with contextual information, and discussing reasoning behind emotions) using story books to illustrate concepts. Data were gathered before and after intervention using a psychometrically balanced measure of emotional inferencing ability. Results revealed notable improvements in three of the participants and consistent performance in two of the participants baseline to follow-up. While performance on the emotional inferencing task varied due to multiple factors, the participants that showed improvement produced real growth which encourages future research to be conducted.
19
Nicholls, Emily Joy. "Language-Mediated Eye Behaviors During Storybook Reading as aFunction of Preschool Language Ability." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9139.
Abstract:
Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are at risk for reading disability and academic failure, and there remains a lack of scientific consensus about the underlying deficits that may explain their language difficulties. This study examined how language ability predicts preschoolers' eye movements during a naturalistic storybook reading task, a possible indicator of comprehension processes in real-time. We used eye-tracking measures to examine comprehension processes in 49 preschoolers with wide-ranging language abilities, using language skill as a continuous predictor variable. Participants viewed and listened to a storybook presented on an eye-tracking computer. Portions of each illustration that corresponded with a noun phrase in the text were considered target images during the time course of the spoken referent. Eye-tracking analyses revealed that children had similar latency to target images regardless of language level. However, language ability was a significant predictor of proportion of fixations; children with higher language skills had more fixations on target images and less fixations on control images than children with lower language skills. These results suggest that children with lower language abilities attended to the story but did not sufficiently sustain attention to relevant images and continued to attend to extraneous images after the onset of spoken noun phrases. Speech-language pathologists and early childhood educators should be aware that children with language difficulties may need help identifying what is most important to attend to during shared storybook reading.
20
Hall, Nancy E. "Examining the relationship between language and fluency in children with developmental language disorders." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1056121958.
21
Nicholls, Emily Joy. "Language-Mediated Eye Behaviors During Storybook Reading as a Function of Preschool Language Ability." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9139.
Abstract:
Children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are at risk for reading disability and academic failure, and there remains a lack of scientific consensus about the underlying deficits that may explain their language difficulties. This study examined how language ability predicts preschoolers' eye movements during a naturalistic storybook reading task, a possible indicator of comprehension processes in real-time. We used eye-tracking measures to examine comprehension processes in 49 preschoolers with wide-ranging language abilities, using language skill as a continuous predictor variable. Participants viewed and listened to a storybook presented on an eye-tracking computer. Portions of each illustration that corresponded with a noun phrase in the text were considered target images during the time course of the spoken referent. Eye-tracking analyses revealed that children had similar latency to target images regardless of language level. However, language ability was a significant predictor of proportion of fixations; children with higher language skills had more fixations on target images and less fixations on control images than children with lower language skills. These results suggest that children with lower language abilities attended to the story but did not sufficiently sustain attention to relevant images and continued to attend to extraneous images after the onset of spoken noun phrases. Speech-language pathologists and early childhood educators should be aware that children with language difficulties may need help identifying what is most important to attend to during shared storybook reading.
22
Beekman, Leah Michele. "CLEARLY MISUNDERSTOOD:THE AMBIGUOUS LANGUAGE TEST FOR STUDENTS WITH AND WITHOUT LANGUAGE DISORDER." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1563362510636297.
23
Hopkins, Zoë Louise. "Language alignment in children with an autism spectrum disorder." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/60608/.
Abstract:
This thesis examines language alignment in children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by impaired social understanding and poor communication skills. Alignment, the tendency for speakers to repeat one another's linguistic choices in conversation, promotes better communication and more satisfying interactions (cf. e.g., Fusaroli et al., 2012). By corollary, deficits in alignment may adversely affect both communicative and affective aspects of conversation. Across three studies, I consider whether ASD children's conversational deficits relate to disrupted patterns of alignment, and explore the mechanisms underlying this. In the first study, I adopt a corpus-based approach to show that syntactic alignment effects are observable in ASD children's ‘real-life' conversations, not just in an experimental context. The second study draws on research into the role of inhibitory control in communicative perspective-taking (Nilsen & Graham, 2009) to show that lexical alignment is not socially mediated in ASD. I develop this work in the third study, which highlights how, for ASD children, conversation can be compromised when lexical alignment is driven exclusively by priming mechanisms. Taken together, these studies advance our understanding of conversational deficits in ASD, and particularly how impaired social understanding affects ASD children's language processing in dialogue. I conclude that, while ASD children have intact alignment, reduced social understanding may prevent them from ‘diverging', which can be necessary to move a conversation forward (Healey, Purver, & Howes, 2014). More broadly, the thesis addresses questions of theoretical relevance to the study of alignment, by clarifying the contributions of unmediated (i.e., priming) and socially mediated (i.e., audience design) mechanisms to children's alignment behaviour, both in ASD and typical development.
24
Broomfield, Jan. "Developmental speech and language disability : epidemiology and clinical effectiveness." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270784.
25
Edwards, Laura Ann. "Neural Precursors of Language in Infants at High Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23519638.
Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication. Abnormal language development is a pervasive symptom of this disorder, though research has repeatedly shown that children with ASD who develop stronger language abilities have more positive outcomes.
One strategy for improving the language, and thus life experiences, of children with ASD, is to get children at risk for the disorder into effective and appropriately targeted educational interventions in the very earliest stages of life, when precursors of language and other social behaviors are developing. However, ASD is currently not diagnosed until children have reached 2 or 3 years.
In this dissertation, I investigate neural predictors of later language abilities, which may be measurable before behavioral precursors to language and ASD risk emerge. In my first study, I identify neural correlates of early language development in 3-month-old infant siblings of children with ASD, who are thus at high risk of developing the disorder. I find that whereas low-risk infants showed initial neural activation that decreased over exposure to repetition-based language stimuli, potentially indicating a habituation response to repetition in speech, infants at high risk for autism (HRA) showed no changes in their neural activity to these stimuli over exposure. These results suggest that putative precursors of language acquisition are disrupted in children at high risk for ASD as young as 3 months old.
In my second study, I examine whether neural correlates of language development in 3-month-old infant siblings of children with ASD predict their 18-month social and communicative outcomes. These analyses revealed that neural activity to language stimuli in 3 month olds predicted expressive and receptive language, early gestures, sentence complexity, sentence length, and autism symptomatology in 18 month olds. In many cases, these associations differed for males and females, and for high and low risk children.
The current research thus identifies early putative markers of language disability and ASD symptomatology, which, with future research and educational application, may aid in determining which children are most likely to benefit from placement into language-based educational intervention programs from the very first months of life.
26
Madon, Zinnia. "Investigation of maze production in children with specific language impairment." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101867.
Abstract:
Linguistic dysfluencies known as mazes have been interpreted clinically as reflecting breakdown in language formulation. Nevertheless, the relatively limited available research has suggested that maze frequency increases with linguistic complexity and that mazes are produced more frequently by children with specific language impairment (SLI) than normal language (NL) peers. This study examined the hypothesis that greater maze production by children with SLI results from their processing limitations. Language samples of school-age children with SLI (n = 9) and NL (n = 11) were collected in contexts varying in task demands: conversation, narration and expository discourse. Both groups produced significantly more mazes in the more demanding contexts than in conversation. However, no significant group effect was noted for age-matched or MLU-matched groups. These results suggest that mazes should not be viewed primarily as an indication of processing limitations or a clinical marker for SLI, but more appropriately as a byproduct of linguistic complexity across groups.
27
Lo, Bee Hong. "Indeterminacy in first and second languages: Case studies of narrative development of Chinese children with and without language disorder." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2000. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1353.
Abstract:
Bilingual children with specific language impairment (SLI) from non English speaking background (NESB) present a major diagnostic problem to speech pathologist and educationist in an English speaking country. There has been no known study on the simultaneous narrative development involving bilingual Chinese children with and without SLI. This longitudinal case study examined the relationship of Chinese (L1) and English (L2) in narrative development in a child with no language difficulty (Child LN) and a child (Child L1) diagnosed as having SLI. The hypothesis posed for this study was that Child L1 has the same developmental profile for narrative skill in L1 and L2 as Child LN, but at a slower rate of progression and there was no within subject difference in the narrative development between L1 and L2. The narrative characteristics of L1 and L2 of these two children were studied over a twelve months period between the age of six and half and seven and half years. A total often recordings of the children's retelling and generation of stories in both L1 and L2 were made, using various bilingual and text less children's books and pictures. The narratives were analysed with regard to their form and content. The narrative form was measured by T-unit/utterance ratio, the cohesive score and the number of complete episodes. The narrative content was analysed according to the total number of story grammar components (measuring content amount), the types and frequency of grammar components, and the developmental staging (measuring narrative maturity). For each child, the narrative characteristics of L1 and L2, with regard to the indices studied, were closely linked. Both children showed a similar developmental pattern in their narrative production, and parallel progression with age in the narrative production of coherence score, total grammar components, and number of complete episodes. However, Child L1 generally performed at the lower level than Child LN in both his Chinese and English languages for T-unit/utterance ratio, developmental staging, coherence, and number of complete episodes The study also confirmed the past findings of the important influence of age, topic and communicative context on the production of narratives of young children. Whilst Child LN was developing culture related narrative characteristic in the way of using different constituents for his grammar components, Child Ll was yet to do so. The frequent sequence of "initial event", "attempt" and "consequence" was found in Child LN's Chinese narratives, indicating the "cause-effect" discourse pattern of Chinese culture. This was in contrast to his English narratives where "setting" was found to be more frequent than "consequence". No difference in the frequency of common grammar components between L1 and L2 of Child L1 's narratives was found. They were "attempt", "initiating event" and "internal response". The preponderance of "internal response" in Child LI's narrative was in contrast to past studies on children with SLI. The outcome of this study indicates that the indices used in this study may be culturally relevant for analysing the narrative structure of bilingual Chinese children. The results indicated that simultaneous analysis of L1 and L2 narratives of these children may help to differentiate SLI from ESL (English as second language). In this respect, gaining access into L1 data through linguistically competent transcriber may be crucial to accurately identify narrative difficulties of children from non English background. This study, although descriptive in nature with only a single representative case, raised a number of questions that need to be addressed in future research. They will be discussed in the thesis. Further research to see if the same characteristics could be isolated among most bilingual Chinese children is necessary for cross-cultural study of children with SLI.
28
Norrelgen, Fritjof. "Development of working memory, speech perception and auditory temporal resolution in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and language impairment /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-380-5.
29
Jackson, Henry Gilliam. "Evaluating the predictive value of parent reports of problem behavior, measures of ADHD, and children's language development on teacher ratings of behavioral adjustment in elementary school : longitundinal findings /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7928.
30
Mäkinen, L. (Leena). "Narrative language in typically developing children, children with specific language impairment and children with autism spectrum disorder." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206981.
Abstract:
Abstract This study examined Finnish children’s narrative skills using a picture-based story generation task. 4- to 8-year-old children with typical development (n = 172), 5- to 7-year-old children with specific language impairment (SLI) (n = 19) and 5- to 10-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 16) participated in the study. Linguistic (productivity, syntactic complexity, grammatical accuracy) and pragmatic (referential accuracy, event content, mental state expressions, discourse features, and story comprehension) measures were used so as to gain a comprehensive picture of narrative skills. The choice of measures was based on the narrative abilities of the participants, and not all measures were used with all participants. In typically developing children, a subtle development trend was seen in all the measures used, but significant differences between consecutive age-groups were mostly seen in younger participants. The relationship between narrative productivity measures and event content was found to be important. The number of different word tokens was, in particular, useful in explaining the event content. For children with SLI, the linguistic and pragmatic aspects of narration were demanding. Their stories were short and contained less information than those of their control. Their referential and grammatical accuracy was also poorer than among typically developing children, and they showed difficulties in expressing the mental states of the story characters and in story comprehension. Children with ASD produced narratives with an almost similar linguistic structure to those of their control children. However, children with ASD showed difficulties in the pragmatic aspect of narration, in establishing informative story content and in story comprehension. They also tended to include irrelevant information in their stories, which was not seen to that extent in cases of typical development. This dissertation shows a development in 4- to 8-year-olds’ narratives that seems to occur around the ages of 4 and 5. Narrative difficulties seem to be related to both SLI and ASD, but are more wide-ranging in SLI, whereas in ASD difficulties focus on the pragmatic aspects of narrationTiivistelmä Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, millaiset ovat suomalaislasten kuvasarjakerronnan avulla arvioidut kerrontataidot. Tutkimukseen osallistui 4–8-vuotiaita tyypillisesti kehittyneitä lapsia (n = 172), 5–7-vuotiaita lapsia, joilla on kielellinen erityisvaikeus (SLI) (n = 19) ja 5–10-vuotiaita lapsia, joilla on autismikirjon häiriö (ASD) (n = 16). Tutkimuksessa käytettiin lingvistisiä (produktiivisuus, syntaksin monipuolisuus, kieliopillinen tarkkuus) ja pragmaattisia (viittaussuhteiden tarkkuus, tapahtumasisältö, mielentilailmaukset, diskurssipiirteet, kertomuksen ymmärtäminen) muuttujia, jotta kerrontataidoista saadaan kokonaisvaltainen kuva. Kaikkia muuttujia ei käytetty kaikkien tutkittavien kesken, vaan tutkimusmenetelmien valinta perustui tutkittavien kerronnan piirteisiin. Tyypillisesti kehittyvien lasten kerrontataidot kehittyivät kaikkien käytettyjen muuttujien osalta, mutta peräkkäisissä ikäryhmissä merkitsevä muutos havaittiin vain nuorempien ikäryhmien välillä. Kerronnan produktiivisuuden ja tapahtumasisällön välillä havaittiin yhteys, ja erityisesti eri saneiden määrä oli merkitsevä tapahtumasisällön selittäjä. Kerronnan lingvistinen ja pragmaattinen hallinta oli haastavaa lapsille, joilla on SLI. Heidän kertomuksensa olivat pituudeltaan, tapahtumasisällöltään ja mielentilailmauksiltaan niukempia sekä viittaussuhteiltaan epätarkempia kuin tyypillisesti kehittyvien lasten kertomukset. Lapset, joilla on SLI, tuottivat enemmän kieliopillisia virheitä kuin kontrollilapset, ja myös tarinan ymmärtäminen oli heille haastavaa. Kertomuksen lingvistinen rakenne oli likimain samankaltainen tyypillisesti kehittyneillä lapsilla ja lapsilla, joilla on ASD. Lapset, joilla on ASD, tuottivat tapahtumasisällöltään niukempia kertomuksia kuin kontrollilapset, ja lisäksi heidän tarinansa sisälsivät irrelevanttia tietoa. Kertomuksen ymmärtäminen oli myös vaikeaa lapsille, joilla on ASD. Tutkimus osoittaa, että 4–8-vuotiaiden kerrontataidoissa on kehitystä, mikä vaikuttaa olevan aktiivista erityisesti 4–5 ikävuoden aikana. Kerronnan vaikeudet ovat kielellisessä erityisvaikeudessa laaja-alaisia, kun taas autismikirjossa vaikeudet näkyvät ennemmin kerronnan pragmaattisessa hallinnassa
31
Clegg, Judy. "Developmental language disorders : a longitudinal study of cognitive, social and psychiatric functioning." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11104/.
Abstract:
A cohort of boys with developmental language disorders (DLD) have been followed up from childhood into adult life. At this most recent follow up, the DLD cohort was in their mid thirties (n = 17). The cohort was assessed on their cognitive, social and psychiatric functioning compared to their non language disordered siblings (n = 16), an intelligence quotient (IQ) match comparison group (n = 17) and a general population comparison group (n = 1155). The DLD, siblings and IQ match groups were assessed on intelligence, language, literacy, social cognition, visual and verbal memory, phonological processing, psychopathology and adult social adaptation. Relative to the comparison groups, the DLD cohort showed a significantly impaired performance on all of the cognitive measures except performance intelligence and visual and verbal memory. Even in their mid thirties, the social adaptation of the DLD cohort continued to be poor compared to the siblings and a general population cohort, particularly in the areas of employment, independent living and relationships. In adult life, three members of the DLD cohort had developed psychoses and one DLD adult had been diagnosed with major depression. No major psychopathology was found in the sibling group. The fourth phase of this study has shown that as adults the DLD cohort continued to have persisting impaired cognitive abilities including language, literacy and specific deficits within phonological processing and social cognition. Furthermore, the DLD cohort experienced significant difficulties in adult social adaptation and are at an increased risk of severe psychiatric disorder. It is proposed that phonological processing and social cognition are two independent causal cognitive deficits in developmental language disorders. The phonological processing deficit causes the persisting language and literacy impairments and the social cognition deficit underpins the social adaptation difficulties which develop later in life. Explanatory theories are put forward to delineate the changing symptomatology within the cognitive, social and psychiatric functioning of developmental language disorders from childhood into adult life.
32
Rinaldi, Wendy Frances. "Understanding pragmatic meaning : a study of secondary school students with specific developmental language disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021777/.
Abstract:
This study explores the hypothesis that there are particular difficulties for secondary school students with specific developmental language disorder (SDLD) in understanding contextual, pragmatic meaning in relation to non pragmatic (semantic) meaning. It compares sixty-four SDLD students, aged between twelve and fourteen years, with chronolgical-age-matched and language-age-matched non-language impaired students. Language age is measured by a test of non-pragmatic meaning comprehension. Incorporating the development of new procedures, the study examines the students' comprehension of two types of ambiguity where the context determines the speaker's intention: inconsistent messages of emotion and multiple meanings in context. These types of ambiguity are evident in a range of communicative intent, for example, to express sarcasm, idiomatic expression, deceipt and humour. Preliminary study into adolescent language suggests that, at this age, there is a particular expectation for students to be able to understand these kinds of communication, both in the classroom and socially. The study provides much evidence to support its central hypothesis: SDLD students made significantly fewer pragmatic responses than both comparison groups. The way students responded suggested two types of pragmatic analysis, one concerning plausibility judgment and a second concerning awareness of multiple reference and detection of miscomprehension. Nonlanguage- impaired children were significantly more able to use these types of analysis, for example, to rule out literal interpretations when they did not know the contextually implied meaning. Some evidence is provided to suggest that these analyses are underpinned by skills in both the metacommunicative and linguistic domains. The study's findings have several implcations for research and practice. The are serious implications, for example, for diagnostic assessment, in the light of the literature survey revealing that those currently available do not assess pragmatic meaning comprehension. The findings further provide a basis to challenge a view that disorders in the semantic and pragmatic domains necessarily co-occur, as reflected in the diagnostic category semanti-pragmatic disorder.
33
Parker, Amanda Mandee Kulaga. "Exaggerated Rhythm and Intonation Foster Receptive Language in School-Age Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1590880.
Abstract:
Traditionally, Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) has been used as means of increasing verbal output (expressive language) in individuals with Broca’s aphasia; however, recently MIT has been studied for its potential impacts on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) population, as well. The purpose of this study was to examine the features of music (i.e., exaggerated pitch and/or rhythm) found in traditional MIT against traditional speech to determine the impact of these musical features on receptive language abilities in individuals with ASD. This study involved an ASD group and a typically developing (TD) group, both with school-age children. Each group was presented with an experimental protocol, which included prompting each subject with a simple verbal command to manipulate one of four objects that had been placed in front of them. These commands were presented in a traditional speech condition, an exaggerated intonation condition, or a rhythmically controlled condition. We hypothesized that the rhythmic condition would be the most successful for promoting auditory comprehension of verbal commands in the subjects with ASD. Our hypothesis was partially supported, as one of the ASD subjects found the most success with the rhythmically controlled commands; but the other ASD subject found intonation to be the most helpful condition. Both ASD subjects indicated that music was more successful than traditional speech for comprehending simple auditory commands. Future studies should extend to other age groups, and should also examine why these musical components are more successful than speech within the ASD population.
34
Mawhood, Lynn Dianne. "Autism and developmental language disorder implications from a follow-up in early adult life." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1995. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/autism-and-developmental-language-disorder-implications-from-a-followup-in-early-adult-life(931e504b-c0cd-462f-9417-d12d58a96c34).html.
35
Geib, Ellen F. "The Role of Joint Attention in Pragmatic Language Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, Seattle Pacific University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10827170.
Abstract:
All children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present with some form of impairment in social communication. Social cognitive learning theory suggests children’s early joint attention skills provide a foundation for future language development. Preliminary research suggests social cognitive behaviors such as joint attention in the context of parent scaffolding may serve as a mechanism for language development in children with ASD. The current study utilized a parent-child free play task to explore the relations among parent and child attention and responsivity and child pragmatic language in 26 children ages 3:1 to 6:11 and their parents. Parent supported joint attention was assessed during a parent child free-play task. Pragmatic language ability was assessed by the Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language (CASL; Carrow-Woolfolk, 1999). Developmental status significantly predicted child’s pragmatic language score while controlling for overall verbal ability, F(2, 23) = 6.37, p = 0.01, ΔR2 = .15. Developmental status was not a significant predictor of parent supported joint attention, F(1, 24) = 1.09, p = 0.31, indicating that regardless of developmental status there was no significant difference in the percentage of time parents and children spent in parent supported joint attention. Children with autism spectrum disorders initiated joint attention with their parents (M = 0.28) about half as much as their typically developing peers (M = 0.55). Post hoc analyses indicated for children with ASD in this current study, initiation of joint attention was significantly correlated to child RJA, r = 0.60, p = 0.04, suggesting that child with ASD who initiate joint attention with their parents also spend a larger amount of time responding to their parent’s bids for joint attention. The interaction between developmental status and child RJA was also significant, F = 6.16, p =.02, ΔR 2 = .13, indicating that for children with ASD, responsiveness to their parent’s bids for joint attention of their parents plays a significant role for their pragmatic language ability in comparison to children with typically development. Collectively, the nature of these findings provides evidence for supporting social cognition in children with autism.
36
Anderson, Diane Ellen. "Language impairment : morphosyntactic development and its neurological correlates /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9906478.
37
Hill, Sheri L. "Language, behavior, and neurodevelopmental delay in children of adolescent mothers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9132.
38
O'Kearney, Richard, and n/a. "Language for Emotions in Adolescence: Effects of Age, Gender, and Type of Emotional Disorder." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050831.145059.
Abstract:
Recent research on the early development of knowledge about emotions shows that young children's use and comprehension of emotion language develops from an initial emphasis on expressive/behavioural referents to situational terms towards referents emphasising the sub] ective/experiential nature of emotions. Gender, the type of emotion, the discourse context of the emotion talk and individual differences in strategies to regulate negative emotions are some factors that are shown to moderate the development of emotion language abilities. However, as most of the data comes from early language users there are significant limitations to our knowledge of emotion language development and its implications for emotion regulation. This thesis examines emotion language in early to middle adolescence. It develops a theoretically derived classification model to study the representational and causal structure of emotions evident in the emotion language of 13 to 17 yearolds. Study 1 uses a group format to sample descriptive accounts of emotions and their causes from a normative sample of 303 adolescents in response to emotionally relevant vignettes prototypical of anger and fear. Study 2 compares the lepresentational structure and quality of emotion language between 21 adolescents diagnosed with extemalising disorders (Conduct disorder, Oppositional Defiant disorder), 18 with internalising disorders (Depressive disorders, Anxiety disorders) and 16 without a disorder. It broadens the types of emotion eliciting material by including autobiographical events and an actual emotional challenge as well as the vignette stimuli. In addition, the second study uses an individual participant-interviewer procedure. Results of Study 1 indicated increase in the range and complexity of emotion referents and causal accounts of emotions from early to middle adolescents. Despite an increase in internalist/subjective causal accounts of emotions with age, there was a move towards a more externalised or situational focus in the representation of emotions for the older adolescents in response to the anger material. The findings showed that the ability to distinguish between sadness and anger and appropriately use anger and sad referents develops relatively late with some younger adolescents continuing to have difficulties with this distinction. There were a number of specific gender related differences in emotion language consistent with gender differences in display rules for emotions. In particular, boys showed a preference for expressive/behavioural emotion referents while girls preferred referents with a cognitive focus and use more inner-focused referents. Study 1 also provided initial data about differences between adolescents with extemalising problems, those with intemalising problems and non-problem adolescents. Results indicated more use of non-specific referents by adolescents with extemalising behavioural problems as well as less intensity and involvement in their emotion referents. Adolescents with extemalising problems were more likely to use non-specific referents in responses to anger material than those with intemalising problems. The results of Study 2 showed that adolescents with oppositional and conduct problems show deficits in the fluency, complexity and degree of specification of their emotion language and their causal accounts of emotions compared to non- problem youth and those with depression and anxiety problems. In addition, adolescents with intcmalising problems were less fluent in the production of causal accounts of emotions and used less specific emotion referents to fear events compared to non-problem youth. The results highlight the finding that emotion language is affected differentially for extemalising and internalising adolescents depending on the nature of the emotion-eliciting event. In particular, intemalising youth's language responses to anger events are characterised by inner-directed referents, and reduced intensity and involvement while their conceptualisation of salient fear material is dominated by cognitively focused terms and accounts. Extemalising adolescents language responses to anger events are more outer-directed and intense, and their emotion construals in a fear situation less cognitive and more affect orientated. The data from these studies highlight the need to study emotion language for specific emotion domains, and suggest that the most interesting theoretical questions are in respect of emotion understanding and emotion language abilities for specific behavioural and emotional disorders. The results also support the utility of an approach that combines knowledge about emotion language from the psychological and linguistic literature. It argues for an expansion of our knowledge about the development of the lexicon for emotions and other syntactic and pragmatic linguistic competencies that are important for conceptualising emotions in language. Such an expansion is crucial to investigating associations between early emotional competencies assessed through language and later outcomes in terms of behavioural, emotional and social difficulties.
39
O'Kearney, Richard. "Language for Emotions in Adolescence: Effects of Age, Gender, and Type of Emotional Disorder." Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366816.
Abstract:
Recent research on the early development of knowledge about emotions shows that young children's use and comprehension of emotion language develops from an initial emphasis on expressive/behavioural referents to situational terms towards referents emphasising the sub] ective/experiential nature of emotions. Gender, the type of emotion, the discourse context of the emotion talk and individual differences in strategies to regulate negative emotions are some factors that are shown to moderate the development of emotion language abilities. However, as most of the data comes from early language users there are significant limitations to our knowledge of emotion language development and its implications for emotion regulation. This thesis examines emotion language in early to middle adolescence. It develops a theoretically derived classification model to study the representational and causal structure of emotions evident in the emotion language of 13 to 17 yearolds. Study 1 uses a group format to sample descriptive accounts of emotions and their causes from a normative sample of 303 adolescents in response to emotionally relevant vignettes prototypical of anger and fear. Study 2 compares the lepresentational structure and quality of emotion language between 21 adolescents diagnosed with extemalising disorders (Conduct disorder, Oppositional Defiant disorder), 18 with internalising disorders (Depressive disorders, Anxiety disorders) and 16 without a disorder. It broadens the types of emotion eliciting material by including autobiographical events and an actual emotional challenge as well as the vignette stimuli. In addition, the second study uses an individual participant-interviewer procedure. Results of Study 1 indicated increase in the range and complexity of emotion referents and causal accounts of emotions from early to middle adolescents. Despite an increase in internalist/subjective causal accounts of emotions with age, there was a move towards a more externalised or situational focus in the representation of emotions for the older adolescents in response to the anger material. The findings showed that the ability to distinguish between sadness and anger and appropriately use anger and sad referents develops relatively late with some younger adolescents continuing to have difficulties with this distinction. There were a number of specific gender related differences in emotion language consistent with gender differences in display rules for emotions. In particular, boys showed a preference for expressive/behavioural emotion referents while girls preferred referents with a cognitive focus and use more inner-focused referents. Study 1 also provided initial data about differences between adolescents with extemalising problems, those with intemalising problems and non-problem adolescents. Results indicated more use of non-specific referents by adolescents with extemalising behavioural problems as well as less intensity and involvement in their emotion referents. Adolescents with extemalising problems were more likely to use non-specific referents in responses to anger material than those with intemalising problems. The results of Study 2 showed that adolescents with oppositional and conduct problems show deficits in the fluency, complexity and degree of specification of their emotion language and their causal accounts of emotions compared to non- problem youth and those with depression and anxiety problems. In addition, adolescents with intcmalising problems were less fluent in the production of causal accounts of emotions and used less specific emotion referents to fear events compared to non-problem youth. The results highlight the finding that emotion language is affected differentially for extemalising and internalising adolescents depending on the nature of the emotion-eliciting event. In particular, intemalising youth's language responses to anger events are characterised by inner-directed referents, and reduced intensity and involvement while their conceptualisation of salient fear material is dominated by cognitively focused terms and accounts. Extemalising adolescents language responses to anger events are more outer-directed and intense, and their emotion construals in a fear situation less cognitive and more affect orientated. The data from these studies highlight the need to study emotion language for specific emotion domains, and suggest that the most interesting theoretical questions are in respect of emotion understanding and emotion language abilities for specific behavioural and emotional disorders. The results also support the utility of an approach that combines knowledge about emotion language from the psychological and linguistic literature. It argues for an expansion of our knowledge about the development of the lexicon for emotions and other syntactic and pragmatic linguistic competencies that are important for conceptualising emotions in language. Such an expansion is crucial to investigating associations between early emotional competencies assessed through language and later outcomes in terms of behavioural, emotional and social difficulties.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
40
Noeder, Maia M. "The Impact of Parent-Child Factors on the Play Abilities of Children Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Speech Language Impairment." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1300842663.
41
Frantz, Rebecca. "Coaching teaching assistants to implement naturalistic behavioral teaching strategies to enhance social communication skills during play in the preschool classroom." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23117.
Abstract:
Naturalistic behavioral interventions increase the acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of child social communication skills among children with developmental delays (DD). Teaching Assistants (TAs) are ideal interventionists for delivering social communication interventions because of the significant amount of time they spend working directly with children with DD in the preschool classroom. However, professional development for TAs is often inadequate and there has been a limited amount of research in this area. In addition, TAs are often working with more than one child at a time with varying skill levels, but no research has been conducted on the use of strategies with more than one child at a time. The current single-case research study addresses gaps in the literature by answering the following questions: (1) Is there a functional relation between coaching TAs to use EMT and increases in TA’s fidelity of implementation of EMT with a child dyad?; (2) Is there a functional relation between TA’s use of EMT and increases in child social communication skills?; and (3) Are TAs able to generalize the use of EMT across students with varying social communication skills and goals? Results suggest coaching TAs contributes to increases in fidelity of implementation of EMT strategies and subsequent increases in child social communication skills. TAs were able to generalize the use of EMT across students.
42
Hedenius, Martina. "Procedural and Declarative Memory in Children with Developmental Disorders of Language and Literacy." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Logopedi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204245.
Abstract:
The procedural deficit hypothesis (PDH) posits that a range of language, cognitive and motor impairments associated with specific language impairment (SLI) and developmental dyslexia (DD) may be explained by an underlying domain-general dysfunction of the procedural memory system. In contrast, declarative memory is hypothesized to remain intact and to play a compensatory role in the two disorders. The studies in the present thesis were designed to test this hypothesis. Study I examined non-language procedural memory, specifically implicit sequence learning, in children with SLI. It was shown that children with poor performance on tests of grammar were impaired at consolidation of procedural memory compared to children with normal grammar. These findings support the PDH and are line with previous studies suggesting a link between grammar processing and procedural memory. In Study II, the same implicit sequence learning paradigm was used to test procedural memory in children with DD. The DD group showed a learning profile that was similar to that of children with SLI in Study I, with a significant impairment emerging late in learning, after extended practice and including an overnight interval. Further analyses suggested that the DD impairment may not be related to overnight consolidation but to the effects of further practice beyond the initial practice session. In contrast to the predictions of the PDH, the sequence learning deficit was unrelated to phonological processing skills as assessed with a nonword repetition task. Study III examined declarative memory in DD. The performance of the DD group was found to be not only intact, but even enhanced, compared to that of the control children. The results encourage further studies on the potential of declarative memory to compensate for the reading problems in DD. In sum, the results lend partial support for the PDH and suggest further refinements to the theory. Collectively, the studies emphasize the importance of going beyond a narrow focus on language learning and memory functions in the characterization of the two disorders. Such a broader cognitive, motor and language approach may inform the development of future clinical and pedagogical assessment and intervention practices for SLI and DD.
43
Belton, Emma. "Neural correlates of developmental speech and language disorders : a neuroimaging and neuropsychological investigation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412867.
44
Ahmad, Rusli Yazmin. "Do Children with Developmental Language Disorder Demonstrate Domain-Specific (Verbal) or Domain-General Memory Deficits?" Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1510895890722091.
45
Glasby, Jaedene Terese. "Meeting the needs of students: What teachers know about developmental language disorder and inclusive practices." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210531/1/Jaedene%20Terese_Glasby_Thesis.pdf.
Abstract:
Australian teachers must implement reasonable adjustments to ensure access to education for all students, including those with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD). Given language is the currency of learning, knowledge of DLD is necessary to correctly interpret student characteristics and implement appropriate adjustments. DLD however is a complex disorder. This project investigated what teachers know about DLD using survey methodology. Participants' self-rated knowledge was higher than their demonstrated knowledge. Participants also had difficulty interpreting student characteristics and selecting appropriate adjustments in scenario tasks. Years of experience, training, and speech pathology support were positively associated with self-rated knowledge, but not identification accuracy.
46
Ho, Joses Wei-hao. "Functional investigation of microRNA pathways in human speech and language disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0e350300-03b0-4d0b-ba8f-6548d66494bc.
47
Ivey, Michelle Louise. "Priming as a Means of Increasing Spontaneous Verbal Language in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/epse_diss/56.
Abstract:
ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF PRIMING ON SPONTANEOUS VERBAL LANGUAGE IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS by Michelle L. Ivey A multi-element design was used to investigate the effect of priming on spontaneous verbal communication in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Three children with ASD engaged in 20-minute thematic activity sessions (ACT) with the investigator. Prior to the ACTs, they met with another trained researcher for 10-minute presessions. Half of the presessions incorporated the conventions of priming with materials to be used in the upcoming ACT (i.e., related presessions; RP). During the other half of the presessions, participants were not primed for the upcoming ACT (i.e., unrelated presesessions; UP). The researcher conducted presessions so the investigator was blind to the condition. Procedural fidelity checks of the presessions, based on a checklist of the critical components of priming, revealed 100% adherence to procedures. Participants’ utterances during ACT were recorded, transcribed, and coded based on functionality. The dependent variables were spontaneous comments, requests, topic initiations, social information seeking, and total. Once the criterion of a 30% increase from the mean of the first 3 UP was achieved for three consecutive sessions, priming was withdrawn and then reinstated to demonstrate a functional relation. Additionally, Cohen's d was calculated to determine effect size for the intervention. Reliability was assessed for transcription and coding. There were fewer than 10 word disagreements on any transcript, which did not affect coding. A line by line comparison of the coding across the dependent variables yielded an average reliability of 85%. Visual inspection of the data and statistical analysis revealed that two of the three participants reached criterion for spontaneous comments (Cohen's d = .32 and .95), one reached criterion for total utterances (Cohen's d = 2.99), the other achieved the goal during the reinstatement following the withdrawal (Cohen’s d = 1.00). None increased requesting. Topic initiation and social information seeking did not occur with sufficient frequency for meaningful analyses. Similar to most interventions with individuals with ASD, priming was effective for increasing spontaneous verbal comments for some but not all of the participants. Priming was highly effective for two of the participants. This ground-breaking study creates momentum for further investigation and examination of the variables that affect benefit.
48
Alderson-Day, Benjamin David. "Verbal problem-solving, executive functioning and language development in autism spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7993.
Abstract:
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are primarily defined by problems with social interaction and communication, but they are also associated with a complex cognitive profile. One area of difficulty for children and adults with ASD is problem-solving, or the process of identifying a solution to a puzzle or question where the answer is hidden. This can be seen on the Twenty Questions Task (TQT), a commonly-used measure of verbal problem-solving and executive functioning. Children with autism are consistently less efficient than typically-developing children in their questioning on the task: for instance, rather than ask a general, category-based question (e.g. “Is it a living thing?”) they may ask about single items (“Is it the dog?”) or very restricted groupings (“Is it something you wear on your feet?”). This has previously been interpreted as an example of a concept formation deficit in autism, deriving from underlying difficulties with complex and integrative information processing. However, success in problemsolving relies on a number of cognitive and linguistic processes that may be impaired in ASD. This thesis attempts to identify which of these may better explain autistic problem-solving performance, using the TQT as a specific example. The first experiment presented here examines the role of executive functioning difficulties in this profile. The performance of 22 children with ASD and 21 age- and IQ-matched typically-developing (TD) children was compared on a version of the TQT adapted to assess planning skills prior to problem-solving and selective attention during the task. Compared to controls, ASD participants were less efficient in their planning of questions, although not all ASD participants had difficulty constructing a plan. No specific effects of selective attention were evident. The second and third experiments explore the importance of atypical language development to this profile, using the example of deafness. Experiment 2 compares the performance of deaf (n = 9) and hearing (n = 27) adults on the TQT, replicating prior evidence of less efficient problem-solving in deaf graduate students. Experiment 3 contrasts TQT performance in 13 deaf schoolchildren with the ASD and TD data acquired in experiment 1. Like ASD children, deaf children were less efficient in their questioning than TD participants, even when controlling for cognitive ability differences. Both autism and deafness are associated with delays in early language development, whereas Asperger Syndrome (AS) is not. To test whether language delay explains autistic problem-solving difficulties, experiment 4 compares TQT performance in 15 children with autism, 15 AS children and 15 age- and IQ- matched typically-developing controls. Participants with autism asked less efficient questions than both AS and TD participants, between whom no differences were observed. This suggests that the problem-solving profile in autism may be better explained as a consequence of atypical language development, rather than other aspects of information processing or executive dysfunction.
49
Stein, Adam W. Mr. "An In Depth Analyses of Specific Language Impairment as Compared to Other Developmental Disorders." UNF Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/467.
Abstract:
Specific language impairment (SLI), defined as a disproportionate difficulty in learning language despite having normal hearing, intelligence, and no known neurological or emotional impairment, has been shown to share similar cognitive characteristics with individuals with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). However, little research has investigated the dissimilarities in these two different developmental disorders. Children with SLI also show many similar symptoms with individuals diagnosed with dyslexia. The aim of these studies is to get a better understanding of cognitive differences between SLI and ADHD, and the cognitive similarities between SLI and dyslexia. Tests of both verbal and non-verbal measures of working memory, IQ, and academic performance were administered to all groups. It was hypothesized that children with SLI would perform worse on verbal measures due to their language deficits but perform better on non-verbal measures than children with ADHD. It was also predicted that children with SLI will perform similarly, but worse than children with dyslexia. Results from the SLI/ADHD experiment confirm this pattern: children with SLI performed poorer than children with ADHD on all verbal cognitive measures. When looking at the non-verbal measures of abilities, the SLI group outperformed the ADHD group on working memory and IQ scores but not academic performance scores. Results from the SLI/Dyslexia experiment also confirmed what was predicted. Children with dyslexia outperformed their SLI counterparts on all cognitive measures. A possible explanation for these finding is that there are fewer classroom-based programs designed specifically to support children with SLI.
50
Kelly, Kirsten. "The Use of Nonword Repetition Tasks in the Assessment of Developmental Language Disorder in Bilingual Children." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9090.
Abstract:
To address the needs of the growing number of Spanish-English bilingual children in the United States, Nonword Repetition (NWR) tasks were created to reduce testing bias in the assessment and diagnosis of children with developmental language disorder (DLD). Several studies have shown promising results in the use of NWR tasks; however, fewer studies have addressed questions such as the use of different scoring methods or analyzing error patterns. Thus, this study was conducted to address these gaps in the research. An English and a Spanish NWR task were administered to 26 Spanish-English bilingual school aged children (6;0-9;4). Two different scoring methods (percent phoneme correct and whole word scoring) were compared for diagnostic accuracy and the types and frequency of errors were analyzed. Both scoring methods showed statistically significant differences between groups (participants with DLD and those with typically developing language). Whole word scoring in Spanish had the best diagnostic accuracy, according to sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratio measures. However, due to the small number of nonwords that any participant repeated correctly, this may not be a clinically practical scoring method. The Spanish NWR task was a better measure than the English NWR task in identifying children with DLD, suggesting that Spanish NWR could be used to assess DLD in bilingual children. Participants with DLD produced more consonant, vowel, substitution, and omission errors than those with typically developing language. There was no difference between groups for addition errors. Significantly more omission errors were made in Spanish, likely due to the longer nonwords. The longer nonwords may be key in distinguishing between typically developing children and those with DLD. These results have the potential to inform future clinical practices in selecting, scoring, and analyzing NWR tasks.