Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Developmental Coordination Disorder'
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Epps, Susan Bramlett, Robert C. Barnhart, Mary Jo Davenport, and Vey M. Norquist. "Developmental Coordination Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2556.
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For the last 100 years, poor motor coordination in children has been recognized as a developmental problem. As early as 1937, these children were classified as “clumsy.” Since then, other terms such as “motorically awkward,” “motor impaired,” and “physically awkward” have been used to describe these children, and the terms “developmental apraxia” and “perceptual motor difficulties” have been used to characterize this developmental problem. Since the 1994 International Consensus Conference on Children and Clumsiness, the term “developmental coordination disorder” (DCD) has been used to describe the condition of children with motor incoordination.
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Lingam, Raghu. "Developmental coordination disorder : risk and resilience." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559084.
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Aim The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) on the lives of young people and identify factors that promote resilience to mental health difficulties within this population. Methods The study used a mixed methods approach. Results from the analysis of data from a longitudinal population-based birth cohort, the Avon longitudinal Study of Parents and Children {n=6,902) were synthesised with qualitative data from a purposive sample of 11 young people with clinically diagnosed DCD aged 11 to 16 years. Findings from the qualitative study highlighted areas that were important in the lives of the young people interviewed. These areas, such as the importance of friendship groups, bullying and a positive sense of self, were added to the final analytical model as explanatory mediators in the relationship between DCD and mental health difficulties. Findings In total, 123 young people (1.8% of the eligible cohort aged seven years), met all four diagnostic criteria for DCD using strict (5th centile) cut-offs (severe DCD). In addition, 346 young people met wider inclusion criteria (15th centile of a motor test and activity of daily living scales) and were defined as having moderate or severe DCD. These young people with moderate or severe DCD had increased odds of difficulties in attention, short-term memory, social communication, non-verbal skills, reading and spelling. They also had increased odds of self-reported depression, odds ratio: 2.08 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.36 to 3.19) and parent reported mental health difficulties, odds ratio: 4.23 (95% Cl 3.10 to 5.77) at age nine to ten years. The young people interviewed did not see themselves as disabled. Factors that increased a positive sense of self were inclusion in friendship groups, information that helped them understand their difficulties and being understood by parents and teachers. These findings were mirrored in the quantitative analysis which showed that the odds of mental health difficulties reduced after accounting for social communication difficulties, bullying, lower verbal intelligence and self-esteem. Conclusions Developmental Coordination Disorder is a common developmental disorder in childhood. The difficulties seen in these young people are complex and assessment needs to be multidisciplinary and consider neurological causes of poor motor coordination, the presence of coexisting developmental difficulties and associated mental health difficulties. Due to the high prevalence of the condition, ongoing one-to-one therapeutic interventions are not feasible. School based interventions, using therapists as trainers, working within a socio-medical model of disability, could work to promote resilience within the individual and improve the acceptance of differences in abilities within the school.
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Raleigh, Linda. "Developmental coordination disorder : a contextualised perspective." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2517/.
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This research project investigated the lived experience of DCD in the daily lives of young adult students. The participants were eight students aged between 19 and 22 years of age who self-reported DCD. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to capture the students’ accounts of their daily lives and the data analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Six master themes emerged that illustrated the lived experience of DCD: DCD in Transition, DCD in Functional Context, DCD in Social Context, DCD in Psychological Context, DCD and Support, and finally DCD and Young Adult – Dynamic Self. Relationships among these structural, functional, interpersonal and personal themes highlighted the embedded nature of DCD in the students’ lives. Evocative accounts of the students’ lifeworld are presented which portray the impact of DCD on the students’ academic, social and emotional lives. A particular feature that emerged of the students’ lifeworld was the impact of DCD on the students’ developing identity. It is argued that this contextualised account of DCD provides a complex and rich understanding of the impact of DCD in the students’ lives.
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Williams, Jacqueline Louise, and jacqueline williams@mcri edu au. "Motor imagery and developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080617.141139.
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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterised by impairments to motor control and learning, the cause of which remains unclear. Recently, researchers have used cognitive neuroscientific approaches to explore the basis of poor coordination in children, with one hypothesis suggesting that an internal modelling deficit (IMD) is one of the underlying causes of DCD. The aim of this thesis was to further test the IMD hypothesis using a motor imagery paradigm - the mental rotation of hands. Versions of this task were used in all studies to assess motor imagery ability, with an additional whole-body task used in Studies 2 and 3. Further, an alphanumeric rotation task was used in Studies 1 and 2 to assess visual imagery ability. Studies 1 and 2 provided varying levels of support for the IMD hypothesis. In Study 1, only a subgroup of DCD children performed differently from other children in the study on the hand tasks, but tighter task constraints in Study 2 led to overall group differences between DCD and controls in terms of accuracy. The DCD group were also significantly less accurate than controls in the whole-body task, but there were no group differences in either Study 1 or 2 on the visual imagery task. Interestingly, in Study 2, there was an indication that children with severe levels of motor impairment were less accurate than children with less severe motor impairment, suggesting that motor impairment level could play a role in the severity of motor imagery deficits. Study 3 was designed to explore the impact of motor impairment severity on motor imagery ability further. The results confirmed that children with severe DCD had greater motor imagery impairment than children with mild DCD - children with severe DCD performed less accurately than both controls and those with mild DCD in the hand task with instructions and the controls in the whole-body task. Further, those children with mild DCD were able to respond somewhat to motor imagery instructions, whereas those with severe DCD were not. This study provided support to the IMD hypothesis, though the deficit was shown to be dependent on a number of factors. Chapter 5 presents a reasoned account of these various findings and their implications are discussed. It is concluded that motor imagery deficits are evident in many children with DCD, but more so in children with severe motor impairment. A general imagery deficit was ruled out based on the findings of Studies 1 and 2 which showed that visual imagery processes appear intact in children with DCD. Taken together with previous imagery and IMD studies, and related research on feedforward control in DCD, it is concluded that the deficits in motor imagery observed in this thesis are consistent with the hypothesis that an IMD is one likely causal factor in the disorder, particularly in more severe DCD. The observation of differing response patterns between children with mild and severe forms of DCD has important implications for developing a theory of DCD and for remediation.
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Prunty, Mellissa. "Developmental coordination disorder : a focus on handwriting." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2013. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/cf651036-45bb-4ff3-9a4b-ec53c97215c8/1/.
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Background. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), is the term used to refer to children who present with motor coordination difficulties, unexplained by a general-medical condition, intellectual disability or known neurological impairment. Difficulties with handwriting are often included in descriptions of DCD, including that provided in DSM-5 (APA, 2013). However, surprisingly few studies have examined handwriting in DCD in a systematic way. Those that are available, have been conducted outside of the UK, in alphabets other than the Latin based alphabet. In order to gain a better understanding of the nature of 'slowness' so commonly reported in children with DCD, this thesis aimed to examine the handwriting of children with DCD in detail by considering the handwriting product, the process, the child's perspective, the teacher's perspective and some popular clinical measures including strength, visual perception and force variability. Compositional quality was also evaluated to examine the impact of poor handwriting on the wider task of writing. Method. Twenty-eight 8-14 year-old children with a diagnosis of DCD participated in the study, with 28 typically developing age and gender matched controls. Participants completed the four handwriting tasks from the Detailed Assessment of Speed of Handwriting (DASH) and wrote their own name; all on a digitising writing tablet. The number of words written, speed of pen movements and the time spent pausing during the tasks were calculated. Participants were also assessed in spelling, reading, receptive vocabulary, visual perception, visual motor integration, grip strength and the quality of their composition. Results. The findings confirmed what many professionals report, that children with DCD produce less text than their peers. However, this was not due to slow movement execution, but rather a higher percentage of time spent pausing, in particular, pauses over 10 seconds. The location of the pauses within words indicated a lack of automaticity in the handwriting of children with DCD. The DCD group scored below their peers on legibility, grip strength, measures of visual perception and had poorer compositional quality. Individual data highlighted heterogeneous performance profiles in children with DCD and there was little agreement/no significant association between teacher and therapist's measures of handwriting. Conclusions. A new model incorporating handwriting within the broader context of writing was proposed as a lens through which therapists can consider handwriting in children with DCD. The model incorporates the findings from this thesis and discusses avenues for future research in this area.
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Corbett, Fleur Phaedra. "Visual motion processing in typical development and developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10039362/.
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This thesis is concerned with the maturation of global motion coherence sensitivity in typical development and in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), in relation to the dorsal stream vulnerability hypothesis. Dorsal stream vulnerability, indicated by poorer coherence sensitivity to motion relative to form, has been reported in many neurodevelopmental disorders. As dorsal stream networks underpin a cluster of visuomotor, visuospatial and oculomotor functions, in addition to motion perception, both visuomotor ability and motion coherence sensitivity were examined. Coherence sensitivity to rotational, radial and translational motions was compared with behavioural and electrophysiological techniques. Results indicated that typical adults show greatest coherence sensitivity to rotational motion, followed by radial and translational motions, and distinct patterns of coherence-sensitive visual event-related potentials for each motion. Discrimination of motion direction was better than coherent motion detection, consistent with models of the neural representation of motion coherence. In typical 6-14 year olds, coherence sensitivity to form matured earlier than to motion, with developmental trajectories converging in adulthood. Children’s coherence sensitivity matured earlier for radial motion than rotational or translational motions. These studies provide the first normative data for the maturation of coherence sensitivity to radial, rotational and translational motions and form, demonstrating asynchronous development and differential coherence sensitivity to each motion. In adults with DCD, coherence sensitivity to both motion and form was impaired relative to typical adults but adults with DCD were not selectively disadvantaged in using motion information in a visuomotor context. Young children with DCD showed a specific deficit in coherence sensitivity to motion relative to form, concordant with the dorsal stream vulnerability concept. Motor impairment correlated with motion coherence sensitivity in children with DCD. These studies showed that dorsal stream impairments could have a role in the early development of DCD, even when not evident in later development, when poor motor competency persists.
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Cousins, Margaret. "The persistence of developmental coordination disorder into adulthood." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421613.
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Volman, Michiel Joannes Maria. "Rhythmic coordination dynamics in children with and without a developmental coordination disorder." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1997. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/163776687.
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Miller, Louisa. "Comparison of motor deficits in autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10596.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for disorders involving deficits in social interaction, stereotyped behaviours and communication dificulties. A growing area of research has recently focused on motor deficits in ASD, which have been noted in clinical observations and diagnostic criteria since autism was first described. However, motor deficits have traditionally carried little weight in the diagnostic procedure. Until recent changes to diagnostic criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th edition: DSM-5), a comorbid diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD: a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting motor development) was not possible for those with ASD and motor deficits. This exclusion criterion prompted an investigation of the nature of motor deficits in ASD, questioning whether they are characteristically different from motor deficits in DCD. Previous literature suggested a possible double dissociation in the use of vision and proprioception to guide movement and perception in ASD and DCD, with a reliance on proprioception in ASD, and an over-reliance on vision in DCD. Motor deficits were first investigated by looking at high-level motor skills, and then more basic sensory processing associated with movement to investigate this possible dissociation. There was no significant difference between ASD and DCD on a standardised motor battery (Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition: MABC-2), with 70% of children with ASD showing motor difficulties within the clinical range on tasks such as timed manual dexterity tasks and balance. Similarly, children with ASD and poor motor skills were indistinguishable from children with DCD on a number of basic motor tasks manipulating visual and proprioceptive cues. These tests included spatial location matching, reaching, goal-directed movements towards proprioceptively-defined targets, and the rubber hand illusion. Children with poor motor skills with a diagnosis of either ASD or DCD seemed to either rely more heavily on visual cues, or behaved in a similar way to typically developing (TD) children. In the spatial location matching task, children with ASD and spared motor skills showed a tendency to give more weight to proprioceptive cues, however too few children with ASD and spared motor skills took part in other tasks to fully investigate cue weighting in this subgroup. Mirroring the overlap in social and motor skills in the clinical groups, a study of the relationship between perceived social and motor ability in a large sample of TD children highlighted the related nature of these developmental domains in typical development. It is concluded that motor deficits in ASD are not ASD-specific but are instead indicative of an additional diagnosis of DCD. This is supported by the recent change to diagnostic criteria.
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Klepper, Karin. "Family-centred physiotherapy for children with developmental coordination disorder /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19188.pdf.
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Woodruff, Sarah Jean. "Gait pattern classification of children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ65527.pdf.
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Rahimi-Golkhandan, Shahin. "Hot executive function in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/1ab70cd340da7484f87f73c0aa835cbe4850f854614e1e296f366c63e08a8757/15513010/Rahimi_Golkhandan_2015_Hot_executive_function_in_children_with.pdf.
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Deficits of cool executive function (EF) have been shown in children with motor problems (or Developmental Coordination Disorder—DCD), with implications for the planning of goal-directed action. However, there is little if any work on the possible link between DCD and hot EF. Given that hot EF predicts important developmental outcomes and underlie age-appropriate cognitive and social functioning, it was the broad aim of my thesis to investigate hot EF in DCD using state-of-the-art measures designed for children. EF is an umbrella term that refers to a set of neurocognitive processes involved in conscious and effortful control of thought, emotion, and behaviour. Broadly, it can be divided into cool and hot EF. Cool EF is mainly subserved by lateral prefrontal cortex (L-PFC), enlisted when one deals with abstract and decontextualised stimuli. In contrast, hot EF is linked to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VM-PFC), active in many real-life situations that are characterised by high affective involvement; here, one needs to consider or reappraise the emotional/motivational significance of stimuli and refrain from impulsive actions...
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Astill, Sarah Louise. "Control and coordination of two-handed catching in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410710.
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Gumley, Dianne. "Behaviour and social functioning in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8470/.
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The present study investigated the behavioural profile shown by a group of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), to provide clarification of patterns of difficulties, and to examine how they relate to the diagnostic criteria of an Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Children aged between 6 and 12 years were recruited to the study from three sources: a neurodevelopmental assessment clinic, the Dyspraxia Foundation and through informal contact. Informed consent was given by 107 families. Parents completed the Movement Assessment Battery Checklist, (Henderson & Sugden 1992) the Rutter A (2) parent questionnaire (Rutter, lizard & Whitmorel970), and an adapted version of the ASSQ (Ehlers & Gillberg 1993). Children with reported motor difficulties were found to have significantly more clinical behavioural difficulties as measured by the Rutter A (2) Scales. They also had significantly higher scores on the adapted ASSQ (AASSQ) than those without motor difficulties. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between degree of motor difficulty and scores on both the behaviour questionnaire and the AASSQ. The implications for clinical management and educational support are discussed.
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Bonthrone, A. "Brain imaging correlates of developmental coordination disorder and associated impairments." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047987/.
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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common developmental disorder characterised by an inability to learn age appropriate complex motor skills. The first aim of this thesis was to characterise additional cognitive impairments and their relationship with motor difficulties in school aged children with DCD. The second aim was to investigate grey and white matter neuroimaging correlates of motor and cognitive deficits identified. Thirty six children aged 8-10 years who met DSM-5 criteria for DCD and an age-matched typically developing group (N=17) underwent standardised assessments of motor, intellectual, attention, speech and language skills as well as structural and diffusion-weighted MRI scans. Grey matter correlates of impairments were identified using subcortical volumetrics and surface-based analyses of cortical morphology. White matter correlates were examined using tractography and fixel-based fibre morphology of the pyramidal tracts, corpus callosum and cerebellar peduncles. Alongside impaired motor skills, children with DCD performed poorer than controls on several domains of executive function (attention and processing speed) and speech motor control. Motor skills did not correlate with impairments in other domains. Cortical thickness was significantly reduced in the left central sulcus in children with DCD compared to controls. Poor motor skills correlated with measures in left sensorimotor circuitry, posterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. Poor speech motor control was associated with measures in the thalamus and corticobulbar tract. Poor sustained attention was linked to measures in the right superior cerebellar peduncle. Lower processing speed was associated with reduced mean cortical surface area. Children with DCD show co-occurring impairments in attention and speech motor control. DCD is associated with sensorimotor circuits as well as regions that form part of the default mode and salience networks. Disruption of subcortical circuits may underlie additional impairments. This study provides novel evidence of the neural correlates of DCD.
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Prado, Monja Silvia Sales. "Tradução e adaptação cultural do Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MSMR-777JBN.
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In Brazil, there are no available instruments for the detection of children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD), which impairs its diagnosis and treatment. The cultural adaptation of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), a questionnaire for parents, represents an attempt to develop an instrument for the detection of children with motor coordination problems in Brazil. Aims of the present investigation were a) to translate the DCDQ to Portuguese and adapt it to the Brazilian culture; b) to examine the comprehension and adequacy of DCDQ-Brazil for the Brazilian population through the experimental application of the translated test; c) investigate the psychometrical qualities of the adapted questionnaire; d) indicate the instruments limitations and, if necessary, propose the review or exclusion of items to make it clinically useful for the DCD detection among Brazilian children.Methods included translation of the DCDQ according to internationally used procedures, followed by the use of the translated questionnaire DCDQ-Brazil in a sample of 45 children, 15 of which showed coordination problems and 30 with typical developmental patterns. Data analysis indicated that items 3) and 13) were not efficient for the discrimination of motor coordination problems and did not represent typical aspects of the Brazilian culture. Two other versions of the questionnaire, A and B, were then created in which these items were substituted by others with better psychometrical characteristics. There was an improvement in test-retest reliability (from 0,953 in the original version to 0,973 in both versions A and B) and in internal consistency (from 0,915 in the original version to 0,926 in version A and 0,918 in version B). Sensitivity (0,73) and specificity (0,87), as well as positive prediction value (0,73) and negative prediction value (0,87) also underlined version As superiority, which should be maintained in future investigations.It was concluded that the translation process was valid and that DCDQ-Brazil, as a short instrument with simple applicability, is potentially useful for the detection of DCD among Brazilian children. Further research involving broader samples is necessary to verify the score patterns of Brazilian children in different ages and to determine cut-off scores that allow a more reliable classification of children for diagnostic evaluation and epidemiological studies.No Brasil, não existem instrumentos para a detecção de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação TDC, o que limita seu diagnóstico e tratamento. A adaptação cultural do Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire DCDQ, um questionário para pais, representa uma tentativa de disponibilizar um instrumento para a detecção de crianças com problemas de coordenação motora no Brasil. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram (a) fazer a tradução para a Língua Portuguesa e a adaptação para a cultura brasileira do DCDQ, (b) examinar a compreensão e adequação do DCDQ-Brasil para a população brasileira, por meio da aplicação experimental do teste traduzido, (c) examinar as qualidades psicométricas do questionário adaptado, e (d) indicar as limitações do instrumento e, se necessário, propor a revisão ou a exclusão de itens, de forma a torná-lo clinicamente útil para detecção de TDC em crianças brasileiras. A metodologia incluiu a tradução do DCDQ, segundo procedimentos usados internacionalmente, seguida da aplicação do questionário traduzido DCDQ-Brasil em uma amostra de 45 crianças, sendo 15 com problemas de coordenação e 30 com desenvolvimento típico. Na análise dos dados, observou-se que os items 3) e 13), além de não apresentarem boa discriminação para problemas de coordenação motora, não representavam aspectos típicos da cultura brasileira. Foram, então criadas as versões A e B do questionário, nas quais esse itens foram substituídos por outros de melhores qualidades psicométricas. Houve melhoria na confiabilidade teste-reteste, que passou de 0,953 na versão original para 0,973 na versão A e 0,973 na versão B, e na consistência interna, que na versão original era 0,915 e passou para 0,926 na versão A e 0,918 na versão B. Dados de sensibilidade (0,73) e especificidade (0,87), valor de predição positivo (0,73) e negativo (0,87) também indicam superioridade da versão A, que deve ser mantida em estudos futuros. Conclui-se que o processo de tradução foi válido e que o DCDQ-Brasil, como instrumento curto e de fácil aplicação, tem bom potencial para ser usado na detecção do TDC em crianças brasileiras. Futuros estudos, com amostragem mais ampla, serão necessários para verificar o padrão de escores de crianças brasileiras nas diferentes idades e determinar pontos de corte, que permitam a triagem mais confiável de crianças para avaliação diagnóstica e estudos epidemiológicos.
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Apa, Alissa. "Ball catching strategies in children with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115990.
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The purpose was to examine the ball catching strategies of 15 children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to 15 of their peers without DCD, and 15 younger children matched on ball skills. A ball catching activity (catching 10 consecutive balls in five different positions) and the developmental sequences proposed by Haywood and Getchell (2005) were used to evaluate movement patterns. Children with DCD caught significantly fewer balls than their peers at the chest and above the head. Children with DCD demonstrated delayed arm action catching on the right and delayed body actions when balls were projected away from body compared to their peers. In addition, development of some body actions of children with DCD was different compared to younger children. Results suggested that children with DCD have not developed accurate and consistent movement patterns.
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Alanzi, Suad Eid Farhan. "Identification of developmental coordination disorder in primary school aged Kuwaiti children." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2538.
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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a heterogeneous disorder and each child may exhibit different features. Children with DCD have motor coordination impairments and their motor abilities, which are substantially below their age and intelligence levels, impact on their activities at home and/or at school. The motor impairments are not due to any medical or neurological disorder.Many studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence of DCD in many countries but not all of them comply with the DSM-IV criteria, resulting in different prevalence estimates. Researchers that have stringently applied the four criteria of the DSM-IV when making a diagnosis have found the prevalence to be 1.8% of seven year old children (N = 6990). A further factor that appears to influence prevalence is culture, and no studies to date have investigated DCD in Kuwait.DCD is not well identified in Kuwait and children with DCD may be underdiagnosed and/or misdiagnosed with other developmental disorders such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Learning Disorder. Another reason may be the different labelling that has been given to DCD. In Kuwait, the term “sensory integration disorder” is more common than DCD. The overlapping and interchangeable use of terms causes disagreement in research and clinical practice in assessing and treating children with motor coordination difficulties. This thesis investigates the prevalence of DCD in a representative sample of Kuwaiti children. A secondary aim was to ascertain the knowledge of health and educational professionals.Study one investigated the prevalence of DCD in primary school-aged children (5-9 year old) in the State of Kuwait based on the DSM-IV criteria. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children – 2nd Edition (MABC-2) was administered to 297 Kuwaiti 5-9 year old children (147 boys and 150 girls) who were recruited from public and private primary mainstream schools in urban and rural areas. This was used to assess DCD Criterion A. Criterion B was assessed using the DCD Questionnaire – New Edition (DCDQ’07) which was completed by the children’s parents. In order to achieve this aim, the validity of the MABC-2 and DCDQ’07 were also examined. In addition to prevalence, the motor performance of Kuwaiti children was compared with the performance of the UK children used for the MABC-2 norms. Gender, age, and school type (private or public) were investigated. The results of study one showed that the prevalence of DCD was 5.7% which is considered high when the DSM-IV criteria are stringently applied. The construct validity of the MABC-2 revealed that the drawing item was problematic. However, after re-standardization of the drawing item the construct validity of the MABC-2 was confirmed. There were significant differences between Kuwaiti boys and girls in aiming and catching skills. Also, Kuwaiti children were significantly behind the UK children in the total score of the MABC-2, manual dexterity, and balance. The reliability of the DCDQ’07 was confirmed, however, its validity was poor.The second study used interviews to explore the DCD knowledge of educational and health professionals, and to explore the facilities available in both health and educational sectors for children with DCD. Twenty-two professionals from educational and health sectors were interviewed. The results of study two revealed that professionals from both sectors were unaware of the definition of DCD. Although professionals from the health sector were more able than the educational professionals to describe children with DCD, they were unaware of the consequences and prognosis. Facilities were not provided for children with DCD in either health or education sectors.In conclusion, our findings have emphasised the importance of complying with the DSM-IV criteria in the identification of children with DCD, and the necessity of using reliable and valid assessment tools that are suitable for different cultures.The differences in children’s motor abilities between genders and between children from different countries were task-specific that may be influenced by biological, cultural, and environmental factors. Hence, consideration should be given for these differences in assessing children’s motor ability. Individual intervention plans are required for children with DCD that should cover each child’s needs. Researchers and clinician should consider the factors that cause such differences while identifying DCD.
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Fors, Eva. "The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 som screeningsinstrument för barns motorik : en svensk valideringsstudie." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2400.
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Aim Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) is an international survey tool based on parents' estimation of their child's motor coordination skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of a Swedish version of DCDQ'07 by finding out how the classification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ'07 is consistent with the classification of DCD via the motor impairment test, Movement ABC. MethodIn the context of a larger study, a Swedish translated version of the parent survey DCDQ'07 were sent to 4000 randomly selected families with children aged 8 - 10 years in Stockholm County. The classifications "DCD" or "NOT DCD" with cut-off values of 56 (9 years) and 57 (10 years) were applied. Forty families were selected from 410 registered responses. Parents and children were invited to the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences for additional motor skills tests. Thirty-four children (8.5 ± 0.6 years) completed the quantitative part of the Movement ABC chosen as the standard criteria for motor performance with the 15th percentile as a criterion for DCD. Data processing was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine positive criterion for DCDQ'07. The correlation analysis Spearman's Rho was used. Level of significance was set at p <0.05. ResultsAt the cut-off values of <56 (9 years) and <57 (10 years) the DCDQ'07 reached a sensitivity of 80 %, a specificity of 67 % and positive predicted value (ppv) of 50 %. The accepted consensus with Kappa was just below 0.4. Significant correlations were found between the Movement ABC and the total score of DCDQ'07 (r = - 0,61) and between the three subcomponents in DCDQ'07 and the sub-tasks of the Movement ABC, except one task. ConclusionThe Swedish version of DCDQ’07 exhibits an acceptable validity and is a useful screening instrument to identify children with suspected DCD. The test meets the requirement (80 %) to identify children with motor problems (sensitivity) and satisfy nearly requirement (70 %) for specificity, which is the ability to correctly identify children without motor problems. Cut-off values between 48 and 57 are recommended, depending which groups should be investigated. Lower values are recommended for clinical groups and higher for population-based studies.Syfte och frågeställningar Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07) är ett internationellt enkätverktyg som utgår från föräldrars skattning av sitt barns motorik. Syftet med studien var att undersöka validiteten i en svensk version av DCDQ’07 genom att ta reda på hur klassificeringen av Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ’07 stämmer med klassificering av DCD via motoriktestet Movement ABC. Metod I samband med en större studie skickades en svensk översatt version av föräldrarenkäten DCDQ’07 ut till 4000 slumpvis utvalda familjer med barn i åldrarna 8 ─ 10 år i Stockholms län. Klassificeringarna ”DCD” eller ”NOT DCD” med cutoff värdena 56 (9 år) och 57 (10 år) tillämpades. Bland 410 registrerade svar valdes 40 familjer ut. Föräldrar och barn bjöds in till Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan för ytterligare motoriktest. Trettiofyra barn (8.5 ± 0,6 år) genomförde den kvantitativa delen av Movement ABC som valts som standard för motorisk förmåga med 15:e percentilen som kriterium för DCD. Databearbetning utfördes i IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver- operator characteristic curve (ROC graf) användes för att fastställa positivt kriterium för DCDQ’07. För korrelationsanalys användes Spearmans Rho. Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05. Resultat Vid cutoff värdena <56 (9 år) och < 57 (10 år) i DCDQ’07 nåddes en sensitivitet på 80 %, en specificitet på 67 % och positive predicted value (ppv) på 50 %. Den accepterade samstämmigheten med Kappa var strax under 0.4 . Signifikant korrelation påvisades mellan Movement ABC och totalpoäng på DCDQ’07 (r = - 0,61) och mellan de tre delkomponenterna i DCDQ’07 och samtliga deluppgifter i Movement ABC, förutom en uppgift. Slutsats Den svenska versionen av DCDQ’07 uppvisar en acceptabel validitet och är ett lämpligt screeningsinstrument för att fånga upp barn med motoriska problem. Testet möter kravet (80 %) för att identifiera barn med trolig DCD (sensitivitet) och uppfyller nästan kravet (70 %) för specificitet, dvs. förmåga att korrekt identifiera barn utan problem. Cutoff värden mellan 48 och 57 rekommenderas beroende vilka grupper som skall undersökas. Lägre värden rekommenderas för kliniska grupper och högre för populationsstudier.
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Sinani, Charikleia. "Planning of actions in children with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485265.
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The overall goal of this study was to explore the nature of planning in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DeD) using non-Representational and Representational gestures and praxis imagery. This goal was addressed three core aims which were: i) to compare the nature of praxic performance between two groups of children with OeD; one selected from schools (sDCD) and another from clinics (cOCO) with typically developing age-matched children (AMC); ii) to allow a direct comparison of praxic performance between sDCD and cOCO groups and iii) to compare the nature of praxic performance between the two DCD groups with two younger typically developing groups. A number of specific objectives examined the variables that affected the outcomes. These variables were related to: i) task difficulty and scoring systems ii) the description of the categories and single errors produced in representational gestures and iii) additional factors distinguished sOCD and cDeD groups on motor and educational profile, emotional and social behaviour. Overall the assessments indicated that oeD children have a deficiency in planning, with evidence of problems in execution. Poor organization of their body in time and space predominantly characterize their problems with strong signs of spatial disorganization suggestive of mental representation and visuoperceptual problems, and perhaps memory problems. The cOCO group showed a more severe profile across measurements cqmpared to the sOCD group and comparisons with younger groups indicated developmental delay without excluding pathology that was more likely to be the case for the cOeD group.
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Mandich, Angela. "Cognitive strategies and motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21110.pdf.
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Pryde, Kelly M. "Sensorimotor functioning in developmental coordination disorder, a kinematic and psychometric analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60562.pdf.
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Lefebvre, Carole. "Prediction in ball catching by children with a developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23852.
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The purpose of this study was to determine how predicting ability in a ball catching task changes with age, and, to explore the predicting abilities of children with the developmental coordination disorder (DCD).There were 157 children between the ages of 5 and 12 participating in the first portion of the study. Of these children, 46 were 5 to 7 years of age and served as controls, in the second portion of the study, for 40 5 to 7-year old children with DCD.
Predicting ability was tested by having the children watch a video of a boy throwing a ball to three locations around them. Each location was seen at four different viewing times for a total of 60 trials.
Results for both ANOVAs revealed that as more visual information became available, predictions were more accurate. It was also evident that at the early viewing times younger children did not predict ball flight as well as older groups. Similarly, children with DCD predicted more poorly at most viewing times compared to their non-DCD peers.
Similar results were found for gender in the analysis comparing DCD and non-DCD children. At the early time periods males predict more effectively than females.
Thus the data point to the instances where experience is a crucial factor in predicting ball flight.
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Chow, Susanna Mei Kum. "A study of children with developmental coordination disorder in Hong Kong." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395807.
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Williams, Gareth John. "Temporal processing deficits in children with dyslexia and developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418680.
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Wright, Helen C. "The identification, assessment and management of children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419883.
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Reza, Fareen. "Parental correlates of physical activity in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13533.
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This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental factors and physical activity in children with DCD. The role of parental knowledge about DCD was also examined via a new questionnaire which was developed for this study (PUMP-Q). The psychometric properties of this questionnaire were assessed. A total of 124 parent-child dyads participated in the current study, including 48 pairs in the DCD group and 72 pairs in the control group. Children were aged eight to ten years. Parents completed questionnaires measuring: (i) their own physical activity levels (ii) beliefs about physical activity (iii) support of physical activity and (iv) knowledge about DCD. Children completed questionnaires examining (i) their physical activity levels and (ii) perceived physical competence. The design of the study was cross-sectional. Results suggest that parents of children with DCD may have an influence on the physical activity of children. Parental support of physical activity was most strongly related to children’s physical activity and also to perceived physical competence. Parental physical activity and parental beliefs about physical activity did not significantly relate to child physical activity. Parental knowledge about DCD was weakly positively related to child physical activity, however, this relationship just failed to reach significance. The PUMP-Q displayed adequate internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Evidence of construct validity is presented. In conclusion, the results of this study highlighted a strong relationship between parental support and physical activity for children with DCD. This indicates the importance of professionals involving parents in treatment of children with DCD to maximise treatment outcomes. Furthermore, it is suggested that they work with parents to create opportunities for the child to be active outside of the treatment room. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
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Walters, Yolinda. "The effects of a perceptual-motor development program on children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1302.
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Ruddock, Scott Randall. "The development of rapid online control in children with and without Developmental Coordination Disorder." Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/e86b15c9c8d2072a85ba138dfea158995a7468127538c5583205ad9ece91b34f/9291446/201504_Scott_Ruddock.pdf.
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The online control of manual actions is critical for the development of functional skills in children, not the least because demands on behaviour and complexity of the environment increase with age. When unexpected changes occur during the course of action, rapid online corrections are necessary to ensure that movement parameters (like force and timing) can be quickly updated. Developmentally, the motor network supporting online control is thought to mature rapidly over childhood; however, cross-sectional research suggests that the trajectory of change is not linear because the mode of control undergoes reorganisation during middle childhood. At the same time, development of frontal executive systems (particularly inhibition) may influence the way children enlist motor functions like online (predictive) control. Maturational theories that once considered these systems to be unitary in their development are now being challenged by a more parsimonious neuro-behavioural hypothesis—interactive specialization; this suggests behaviour can be strengthened and supported by the interaction of separate but overlapping neural networks. growing body of research indicates that online control processes may be disrupted for children with motor coordination problems (aka Developmental Coordination Disorder; DCD). As well, it has been widely reported that these children show problems related to executive function including tasks that involve response inhibition. It is argued here that deficits in predictive online control may be exacerbated under task conditions that require concurrent inhibitory control as when one is required to withhold a response to a compelling cue and move to an alternate location. However, there is not a clear picture of developmental change in the ability to couple motor and executive systems, nor of differences in growth patterns between typically developing children (TDC) and children with DCD. The purpose of my research was to address this knowledge gap by conducting cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of development to examine the unfolding interaction between online and executive systems in healthy and atypically developing children. Specifically, I examined how TDC and DCD groups corrected their arm movement mid-flight during a step-perturbation paradigm, and how a concurrent inhibitory load constrained their responses to a target shift.
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Dunford, Carolyn. "Occupational therapy for children with developmental coordination disorder (dyspraxia) : outcomes and effectiveness." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55719/.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to identify methods of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of occupational therapy services to children with developmental coordination disorder and their families. A method of applying the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV diagnostic criteria for developmental coordination disorder in a clinical setting is described. This process found that the majority (69%) of referrals were inappropriate. These included children whose difficulties could not be attributed to coordination as they scored above the fifteenth percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (28%), children with general learning difficulties (21%) and other medical conditions (10%). The similarities and differences between parent, teacher and child views of the impact of developmental coordination disorder on activities of daily living are assessed. Whilst parents, teachers and children all expressed concerns about schoolwork the children's concerns give us much more information about self-care, play and leisure tasks such as dressing, using cutlery, playing sports and riding a bike. A pilot trial is conducted which reflects child and parent/carer identified goals. It also explores how to measure the effectiveness of group occupational therapy intervention using a goal- orientated approach and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure proved an effective tool when combined with other measures. The group was innovative as it was goal oriented and, rather than the usual once a week took place eight times in a two-week period. This new style group intervention appears to be successful in firstly achieving goals as 22/30 goals were met and secondly improving coordination as Movement Assessment Battery for Children scores improved significantly. These findings suggest that although this was an exploratory trial and there were therefore potential confounders such as non-blinded outcome assessment, there should be further evaluation of group occupational therapy intervention. The richness of information to show individual development and progressions is explored demonstrating that each child's and family's experience of intervention is unique. Finally combining the results of studies 1-3, current practice and the literature a model for service delivery is proposed.
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Green, Dido. "A qualitative and quantitative study of the nature of developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/214/.
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AIMS The aim was to examine the theoretical and clinical plausibility of subtypes of movement difficulty, and explore the impact subtypes and/or additional factors would have on motor development. BACKGROUND Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a chronic, often permanent condition evident from early childhood, characterised by difficulties performing a range of movement tasks that are not explainable by neurological or psychological impairments. The aetiology of the condition is unknown and various theories of motor development and impairment have been used to try and explain the variability in expression, prompting hypotheses over whether homogeneous subgroups can be identified that are consistent across populations and with distinct pathways, the identification of which would increase our understanding of the condition. HYPOTHESES i& ii) Distinguishable subtypes of perceptual and motor performance in children with DCD are comparable to those obtained in previous studies with group membership consistent across theoretical models. iii - v) Subtypes contribute differentially to maturation and treatment response whilst additional factors will also be seen to influence movement skill acquisition. DESIGN AND METHOD A mixed experimental design was used. The first study tested for the presence of specific components of motor behaviour; their interaction and influence on motor performance. A second study involved a subset of children in a cross-over intervention programme of 20 weekly therapy sessions with a 6 monthly review of movement skills and developmental progress, over a period of 2 years. Data analysis consideredw hether distinct subtypes were consistent across theoretical perspectives and, whether these or other factors influenced maturation or treatment response. RESULTS Factor and cluster analysis identified five subtypes, differentiating children on perceptual and motor performance, similar to previous sub-typing studies. A majority of children benefited from participation in group intervention. Progress was unrelated to degree of initial motor impairment or subtype although those with perceptual and severe movement problems were more likely to have persistent difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Five subtypes of DCD were identified which were not found to influence progress or response to treatment,for a smaller subset. Different theoretical perspectives did not predict similar group membership confounding nosological classification. An alternative approach to modelling coordination difficulties is recommended.
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Monteiro, e. Lima Margareth de Vasconcelos. "Eye-hand co-ordination in children with movement problems." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326711.
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Przysucha, Eryk. "The comparison of balance performance between boys with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ54518.pdf.
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Zwicker, Jill Glennis. "Neural and behavioural correlates of motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/22660.
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Introduction: With a prevalence of 5-6%, developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is one of the most common disorders of childhood. Children with DCD struggle to learn new motor skills, but the neurological mechanisms underlying the disorder are essentially unknown.
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was three-fold: (1) to present a synopsis of current literature examining the potential neural correlates of DCD; (2) to determine if patterns of brain activity differed between children with and without DCD while performing a fine-motor task; and (3) to investigate whether children with DCD are able to demonstrate improved motor learning as evidenced by increased accuracy on a fine-motor task and/or shifts in patterns of brain activation.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review of possible neural correlates of DCD was conducted, which provided the background for the two studies included in this thesis. Both of these studies employed a block design and used functional magnetic resonance imaging to map patterns of brain activation associated with motor performance (Chapter 3) and motor learning (Chapter 4) of a fine-motor task. Seven children who met the diagnostic criteria for DCD (ages 8-12 years) and seven typically-developing (TD), closely age-matched children participated in the studies.
Results: The literature review implicated the cerebellum as a likely source of dysfunction associated with DCD. Chapter 3 showed that, despite similar levels of behavioural motor performance, substantial differences in patterns of brain activity were noted between children with DCD and TD children. Differences in motor behaviour emerged in Chapter 4, with the DCD group showing little change in tracing accuracy compared to the improvements noted in the TD group. Neuroimaging results from Chapter 4 suggest that children with DCD may have a deficit in updating internal models of movement through under-activation of the cerebellum and/or the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway.
Conclusion: Findings from this thesis have made several important and novel contributions to our understanding of children with DCD. This work has suggested support for several hypotheses related to the mechanisms underlying DCD and provided some of the first neuroimaging evidence to suggest possible explanations for findings of previous research in children with DCD.
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Peens, Anquanette. "A comparison of different interventions for children with developmental coordination disorder / Anquanette Peens." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/999.
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Research indicates that Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is associated with a
poor self-concept and high levels of anxiety (peens et al., 2004; Piek et al., 2000; Skinner &
Piek, 2001). Research also substantiates that participation in a well planned motor
intervention programme can enhance the self-concept of a child with DCD (Colchico et al.,
2005). Literature further indicates that DCD is associated with neuro-motor problems which
may vary in severity (Sigmundsson & Hopkins, 2005). It is further indicated that more boys
than girls are diagnosed with DCD and also that, in general, boys have a higher self-concept
than girls (Maldonado-Duran, 2002; Stein et al., 1998).
The aim of this study was firstly, to determine the influence of DCD on the self-concept and
anxiety of 7-9 year old children in the Potchefstroom district. Secondly, the study aimed to
determine whether gender and the ethnic group of DCD children have an effect on the
success of different intervention programmes. A third aim was to determine whether a motor
based intervention programme, a self-concept enhancing programme or a combination of the
two (psycho-motor intervention programme) would have the best effect on enhancing
children's self-concept and motor proficiency. Lastly, the study attempted to determine
whether neuro-motor problems could have a negative influence on an intervention
programme for DCD children.
The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for
Motor Proficiency (BOTMP-SF), Sensory Input Measurement Instrument (SIM) and Quick
Neurological Screening Test II (QNST) were used to determine children's motor proficiency
as well as possible neuro-motor problems. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Child Form)
(TSCS-CF) and Child Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to determine the children's self-concept
and anxiety respectively.
One way variance of analysis, repeated measures analysis, independent t-testing, co-variance
of analysis as well as correlational coefficients (r) were conducted, using the Statistica
computer package in order to analyze the data according to the above-mentioned aims. A p-value
of smaller than or equal to 0.05 was accepted as a significant difference.
From the results of the study it seemed that the self-concept and anxiety of randomly selected
7-9 year old children (N=58) diagnosed with DCD are negatively influenced and that girls are
more vulnerable to these influences. Repeated measure analyses over a period of one year
showed that of the three programmes the motor intervention programme showed the best
results at improving the children's motor proficiency while, on the other hand, the psychomotor
intervention programme improved their self-concept most. Ethnic group and gender
did not have a significant effect on the success of intervention programmes. Lastly, it was
found that underlying neuro-motor problems could influence the effect of an intervention
programme negatively. It is clear from this study that DCD has a negative effect on children,
but that participation in a well planned intervention programme will have positive effects on
both their motor proficiency and self-concept.Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.
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Mon-Williams, Mark A. "Action in perception : the perceptual-motor abilities of children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281583.
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Peters, Judith M. "Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) as a distinct syndrome : a conceptual and empirical investigation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007440/.
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Bright children who have abnormal difficulty in acquiring age-appropriate motor skills are of increasing concern to parents, teachers and health professionals. Longitudinal studies have found the condition to be associated with educational under-achievement, impaired social development and disturbed mental well-being in adult life. Now officially known as Developmental Coordination Disorder (DC D), the question of whether this condition should really be viewed as a distinct diagnostic entity is the central theme of this thesis. In the opening chapters, the history of terms used to signify 'clumsiness' of movement is reviewed and the different implications of treating such behaviour as a symptom or syndrome is considered. Discussion then moves to the overlap between DCD and other childhood conditions and the question of how these should be conceptualised. Five studies comprising the empirical component of the thesis employed a variety of methodologies. Two questionnaire-based studies showed that in this area, neither consensus on terms nor equitable service provision has yet been achieved. A third, retrospective study, searched for evidence of sub-types within a large sample of DCD children, successfully replicating some of the cluster groups reported by others. In a final, prospective study, a two-stage identification process was followed by 'blind' assessment of boys with DCD, Asperger Syndrome or Joint Hyper-mobility Syndrome. Novel to this area was the inclusion of experimental measures, including dual-task performance, in which motor and cognitive tasks were combined. The results showed that although the group with AS were significantly poorer on ball skills than those with OCD, the general nature of motor difficulties was not systematically constrained by diagnosis. Together, these studies support the thesis that DCD exists as a separable syndrome, but bear less decisively on the existence of subtypes. A series of real-life case studies illustrates the problems associated with differential diagnosis and the implications for appropriate intervention.
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Downing, Cameron. "Understanding writing difficulties amongst children with neurodevelopmental disorders : the cases of dyslexia and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-writing-difficulties-amongst-children-with-neurodevelopmental-disorders(24b0633f-1586-4ac0-b758-89a7b1e0ba8a).html.
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Learning to write is onerous and takes several years to master. It is particularly taxing for children with dyslexia and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD) who appear to have difficulties with spelling and handwriting skills which are critical for writing development. Yet, little is known about the nature of these difficulties. A complicating factor to understanding the nature of spelling and handwriting impairments in dyslexia and DCD is the reported frequent comorbidity and the unclear relationship between the two disorders. The programmatic set of studies presented in this thesis aimed first to understand the relationship between dyslexia and DCD and the comorbidity between the two and secondly to understand the nature of spelling and handwriting impairments in dyslexia and DCD. To address these aims, the prevalence and cognitive, motor, and literacy profiles of dyslexia, DCD, and comorbid dyslexia and DCD was examined in detail. Then, the nature of handwriting difficulties in dyslexia and/or DCD was elucidated by probing profiles and correlates of handwriting in the context of fluency, legibility, and learning to form new letterlike characters. The results demonstrated that dyslexia and DCD have independent and shared impairments and are frequently comorbid with one another. The patterns of these impairments as well as the nature of comorbidity between the two highlights the multifactorial nature of the disorders. The multifactorial nature of dyslexia and DCD also manifested in their multifaceted handwriting difficulties. Handwriting difficulties in dyslexia and DCD were apparent as dissociable impairments which reflected the nature of the specific disorder as well as impairments in early acquisition of handwriting related motor knowledge. These findings are considered in relation to implications for identification and remediation of handwriting difficulties and comorbid dyslexia and DCD.
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Williams, Morgan, and res cand@acu edu au. "Exploration of Differences in Vertical Jump Performance Between Typically Developing Children and those Identified with DCD: A kinematic and kinetic analysis." Australian Catholic University. School of Exercise Science, 2008. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp186.29112008.
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This study compared the motor performance of children identified with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) with those of a matched group categorised as typically developing (TD). Based on the existing literature, vertical jumping was the task selected as it is a fundamental movement skill (Gallahue & Ozmun, 2002), and a single optimal coordination pattern has been shown to exist (e.g., Bobbert & van Ingen Schenau, 1998).Within the conceptual framework developed for this enquiry, jump height, the performance outcome, was the highest level variable. Level 2 variables described the centre of mass displacement at key instants during the jumping movement. Level 3 variables identified measures of velocity, force and power, which underpin the movement, and level 4 variables described the countermovement specific to this task. This provided a more thorough analysis than previously reported in DCD literature for jumping. The objective of this study was to identify possible mechanisms of DCD in order to advance the understanding of this impairment. A cross-sectional sample (n = 165) of males and females aged between 5 and 12 years was drawn from a school in Victoria, Australia. Using the Movement–Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), 62 children from the sample were identified as having DCD with total impairment scores below the 15th percentile for their age-band (Henderson & Sugden, 1992). From the remaining children assessed, who all scored above the 15th percentile, 62 were matched with the DCD group to form the TD group (n= 62). Participants performed three maximal vertical jumps, standing on a single forceplate. Each child’s best vertical jump was analysed using forceplate (700 Hz) and 2D sagittal kinematic data from a single camera video (50 Hz) capture. The results confirmed previous findings that DCD children jump lower than their TD peers, although there was a considerable overlap in motor ability between the groups. Peak VCOM occurred earlier in the jumping movement in the DCD group, when compared to the TD group. This meant a longer elapsed time from the instant of peak VCOM to take-off, which was attributed to coordination error. The earlier occurrence of peak VCOM in the DCD group could be explained by the lower shank angular velocity at take-off. In addition, the DCD group produced lower jump impulse and peak power. Further probing of the jump height data revealed an interesting relationship between age band and jump height that was gender specific. It was noted that for the DCD males, less than 1% of the variance found in jump height could be accounted for by age-band. In contrast, the explained variance for jump height by age-band was 24% for the TD males. The females showed similar relationships for jump height and age-band in both groups. It was thought that this may reflect physical activity avoidance caused by greater social pressures on boys to be good at sports (e.g., Parker & Larkin, 2003).In addition, a further analysis of the DCD group data was undertaken to compare those who had difficulties in dynamic balance and those who did not. In this analysis, body mass was found to have a significant effect on leg stiffness (Kleg), and when accounted for as a covariate, greater Kleg in the DCD group with dynamic balance difficulties was found. A possible explanation is that for the DCD group with dynamic balance difficulties, the transition from joint flexion to extension during the countermovement was problematic, and resulted in excessive muscle co-activation. This study provides some possible directions for further investigations into coordination issues for DCD children. The time elapsed from peak VCOM to take-off and the shank angular velocities at take-off were identified as key indicators of a poorly coordinated jump. High levels of Kleg reflected difficulties in the transition from joint flexion to extension during the countermovement in those DCD children with dynamic balance problems. Based on these key variables and others that differentiated between groups a more parsimonious conceptual framework is presented. For future enquiry, a more holistic approach for the study of children with such impairments is recommended. This includes exploring the environment these children are exposed to in order to gain a more thorough understanding of practice and learning effects. Understanding of differences in motor ability requires an expanded framework to include information on genetic and socio-cultural factors, and their impact upon important psychology, physical fitness, nutrition, body composition and physical activity parameters.
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Gamberini, Francesca. "“Analisi del cammino in soggetti affetti da Developmental Coordination Disorder: una revisione della letteratura"." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Introduzione Il Developmental Coordination Disorder ( DCD) è molto diffuso in età evolutiva.
Questa tesi ha lo scopo di realizzare una revisione della letteratura, al fine di cercare di creare un modello tipico di andatura nei bambini affetti da DCD.
Materiali & Metodi La prima parte del lavoro è stata rivolta alla ricerca in letteratura di quali fossero le evidenze rispetto al DCD. Sono state consultate le banche dati Scopus e PubMed.
In questa tesi sono stati considerati solo articoli in lingua inglese sul cammino.
Gli 8 articoli selezionati soddisfano i seguenti criteri:
• studio andatura, attività motoria nei soggetti affetti da DCD;
• scopo documentato dell’analisi di tale disturbo;
Infine è stata costruita una tabella per analizzare i punti salienti di ciascuno studio.
Risultati Gli articoli includono gruppi da 10 a 62 soggetti. Tutti questi, hanno un gruppo rispettivo di controllo composto da individui dello stesso range di età e nella medesima quantità. I metodi di valutazione clinica di DCD si basano sui criteri riportati nel DMS-V. All’interno degli studi sono stati analizzati diversi compiti tra cui il cammino su tapis roulant e cammino su una superficie realizzata con materassini ad alta densità . Gli strumenti utilizzati principalmente sono stati:
- cinematica 3D (Sistema di tracciamento ottico) con 6-16 telecamere a infrarossi funzionanti a 120 Hz, accelerometro triassiale montato a sterno funzionante a 256 Hz e markers;
Di ogni singolo studio si è osservato il compito svolto e i risultati ottenuti.
Conclusioni Il DCD è un disturbo che è ancora tutt’oggi complesso da diagnosticare in breve tempo e con assoluta certezza. Attraverso questa revisione sistematica è stato possibile comprendere come siano necessari ulteriori studi al fine di ottenere dei risultati più sicuri relativamente agli aspetti del cammino negli individui con DCD. Sono ancora oggi, troppo pochi gli studi realizzati e i risultati estremamente eterogenei.
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Brown-Lum, Meisan. "Characterizing the neural correlates of children with developmental coordination disorder using diffusion tensor imaging." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61327.
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Sopiadou, Anna. "Perceived physical competence and participation in physical activity of children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23735.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore perceived physical competence and participation in physical activity of children with physical awkwardness. Children with physical awkwardness are those without known neuromuscular problems but who have difficulty in learning and performing motor skills. Participants were 135 children, 31 with physical awkwardness and 104 without any motor deficiency. The age ranged from 5 to 11 years. It was hypothesized that children with physical awkwardness would have lower levels of perceived physical competence and would participate less in physical activity than their nonawkward peers. Finally, a positive relationship between motor performance and perceived physical competence was expected.There were no significant differences found in perceived physical competence between the two groups. However, nonawkward children participated significantly more in community sports and were significantly more active during free play than children with physical awkwardness. The results also indicated that the relationship between motor performance and perceived physical competence was very low in both groups. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Sellami, Chiraz Bensaad. "The visual control of hand movements in children with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501337.
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Children diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) have problems in motor coordination that are severe enough to interfere with educational achievement and activities of daily living. The underlying cause of the disorder, however, is yet to be established. Studies on eye-hand coordination show that aimed limb movements depend critically on information obtained from the eyes. The studies carried out in this thesis investigated eye-hand coordination in groups of children both with and without DCD in order to assess whether or not children with DCD use gaze appropriately and coordinate their eye and limb movements in the same manner as typically developing children without the disorder: poor use of gaze may result in poor development of motor control. A series of prehension tasks were used ranging from a simple pick and place task to a more complex stacking task where children had to choose blocks from a range of distracter blocks and build models in a prescribed order. The results showed clear developmental trends in the typically developing group in visuo-manual control for these tasks. The results for children with DCD suggested that they have similar eye-hand coordination to age-matched typically developing control children on a simple pick and place task. When the task became more complex, however, children with DCD showed a pattern of results: in some cases the children with DCD looked further ahead and in other cases their eyes were more tied to their hands compared to the controls. It was proposed that both 'strategies' indicate an increased reliance on visual information and may be related to an impaired ability to program movements in children with DCD. From the findings in this thesis, it appears to be the case that the children with DCD a are less effficient than typically developing children at using on-line feedback to control their movements which leads to slower movement and deceleration times.
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Omer, Serif. "Internalising symptoms and executive function difficulties in adolescents with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/849640/.
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Background: There is growing evidence that individuals with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) experience elevated internalising symptoms and executive function (EF) difficulties compared to their typically developing (TD) peers. Research also suggests that EFs are important for psychological wellbeing. Aims: This study aimed to explore whether adolescents with DCD experience greater levels of internalising symptoms and everyday EF difficulties than their TD peers. It also explored whether EF difficulties mediate the relationship between DCD status and internalising symptoms. Methods and procedures: Fourteen adolescents with a diagnosis of DCD and 29 TD adolescents (ages 12-15) participated. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect parent-reported EF difficulties and self-reported internalising symptoms. Outcomes and results: Self-reported internalising symptoms and parent-reported EF difficulties were significantly higher in the DCD group compared to the TD group. A bias-corrected, bootstrapped mediation analysis identified that the effect of DCD on internalising symptoms was mediated by parent-reported EF difficulties. Exploratory analyses identified that this indirect effect was greatest for symptoms of depression through behavioural regulation difficulties. Conclusions and implications: These findings support previous research indicating that adolescents with DCD experience greater levels of internalising symptoms and EF difficulties than their TD peers. This highlights the need for increased awareness, routine screening, and intervention for mental health and EF difficulties in people with DCD. The findings also highlight the potential benefits of targeting EF deficits in people with DCD to improve emotional wellbeing. However, larger scale, longitudinal research is needed.
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Webb, Angela Mary. "The relationship between poor handwriting and written composition in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020019/.
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Handwriting difficulties are well documented in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Whether, and how, these difficulties affect the content of the work such children produce is less clear. The aim of this thesis was to explore the relationship between poor handwriting and the quality of written expression in these children, using different methodologies. Four studies are reported. In the first, a group of 10-11 year-old children whose teachers regarded their writing difficulties as "unexpected" were compared with matched controls. Objective measurement showed that they had at least average intelligence, could read and spell adequately and did not differ from the control group in their ability to produce stories orally. Consequently, the poor hand- and story writing revealed in the study could not be explained in terms of poor intellect or general language or literacy problems. However, all met criteria for the diagnosis of DCD. The second study confirmed that the physical act of handwriting supported the ability to compose a story in typically developing children but conferred no such advantage if handwriting and movement difficulties were present. When children from Study 1 were followed up after five years, those whose handwriting had not improved continued to have difficulty with written composition. Having shown that poor handwriting can affect the conceptual side of writing, the final study set out to determine which particular aspects of handwriting difficulty might constrain the cognitive resources available for composition. To this end, the effect of increasing motor and orthographic complexity on the spatial, temporal and force aspects of handwriting was explored in a series of writing tasks varying in content, length and difficulty. Consistent with the capacity theory tested, results showed that variations in motor and orthographic complexity affected writing performance in all children, but those with DCD and poor handwriting were affected more.
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Cantell, Marja. "Developmental coordination disorder in adolescence : perceptual-motor, academic and social outcomes of early motor delay." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264123.
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Hill, Catherine Lindsay. "Can the performance of activities of daily living questionnaire identify children with developmental coordination disorder?" University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0096.
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Currently a lack of guidelines for Criterion B of the DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000) hampers diagnosis of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). The Performance of Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (PADL-Q; Dewey, Larkin & Summers, 2004) is a new parent-reported instrument developed to quantify the level of interference in activities of daily living (ADL) experienced by children with DCD and was tested for its efficacy in addressing Criterion B. Thirty-two children aged between 5 and 10 years comprising two matched groups, 16 with DCD (8 boys and 8 girls) and 16 without DCD (8 boys and 8 girls) participated in the study. The aim of the research was to investigate the ability of the PADL-Q to identify differences between children with and without DCD. A further 5 children, in the same age range, who did not have DCD added data that was used to ascertain relationships between the constituent assessments. All children were tested using the MAND (McCarron, 1982) whilst their parents completed the PADL-Q. A set of Tests of Activities of Daily Living (TADL) tasks were devised for the children to perform that further validated parents ratings of children?s ADL performance. A Group x Gender MANCOVA, controlled for age, of the PADL-Q total scores demonstrated that there was a significant difference between the children with and without DCD (F(3,25) = 9.44, p < .001; Wilks' lambda = 0.47). Follow-up univariate tests showed a Group x Gender interaction and simple main effects of this interaction indicated that the PADL-Q did not discriminate between the DCD and non-DCD boys. The ability of the PADL-Q to identify DCD was explored in the concurrent validity against the MAND when using a diagnostic cut-off point. The PADL-Q demonstrated 100% specificity and positive predictive values but only 19% sensitivity and 62% negative predictive values. There was a moderately strong relationship (r = .71), between the PADL-Q total score, considered a measure of Criterion B, and the MAND, a measure of Criterion A (DSMIV- TR, 2000). A two factor (Group x Gender) ANCOVA, controlled for age, of the TADL items revealed a statistically significant effect for DCD only (F(1,19) = 34.65, p < .001). There was a moderate correlation (r = -.64) between the PADL-Q total score and the TADL tasks, indicating that parent-reports are supported by their child?s performance. The PADL-Q appears to have potential as part of the DCD diagnostic process; however, further refinement on a larger sample is necessary before it can be used as an easily-administered guide to ADL performance levels in children.
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Crafford, Roche. "The Efficacy of a Task-Orientated Group-Intervention Programme for Children with Specific Learning Disorder with Co-morbid Developmental Coordination Disorder." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29890.
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Background: Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) is described as a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting academic performance and/or activities of daily life including reading, writing or calculation skills during formal years of schooling. There is strong evidence that Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), presenting as a disorder affecting motor skills, may be co-morbid with other neurodevelopmental conditions, including SLD. Children with SLD and co-morbid DCD (SLD/DCD) are considered a unique group. Learners with SLD/DCD experience a significant, negative impact on daily tasks such as selfcare, play, leisure and schoolwork. Neuromotor Task Training (NTT), a form of intervention, has been reported to be effective in reducing the activity limitations in children with DCD. However, information regarding the most effective treatment to improve function and behaviour in learners with SLD/DCD, who attend special schools, has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of task-orientated NTT group intervention programme on motor performance, behavioural profile and health related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with SLD/DCD attending a School for Learners with Special Education Needs (LSEN) in Cape Town, South Africa.
Method: A quantitative, quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests was used. Learners were included if they presented with a primary or secondary diagnosis of SLD plus DCD (scoring at or below the 16th percentile on the Motor Assessment Battery for Children 2nd Edition (MABC-2) and a functional motor problem, as identified by the MABC checklist), aged between 6–10 years and grade 1-4. Learners were allocated to either NTT (n = 18) or Usual Care (n = 18) groups. The Usual Care (UC) group continued with normal activity, but did not receive physiotherapy. The MABC-2, parent and teacher Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and self-reported European Quality of Life 5- Dimensions questionnaire for Youth (EQ-5D-Y) were used to assess performance pre- and post - intervention. The NTT program was implemented for nine weeks, with two 45-60 minute sessions per week.
Results: There was a significant difference in Total Standard Score (TSS) between NTT and UC groups (p=0.048). In the NTT group, the mean TSS (p < 0.001) and Balance score (p= 0.02) significantly improved over the intervention period. The control group did not show any significant changes over the intervention period while receiving UC. The intervention group did not show any significant changes in Behavioural Profile (SDQ) over the intervention period while receiving NTT, according to v teachers. The results indicate that the intervention group showed a significant change in Behavioural Profile (SDQ) in the Behaviour/Conduct domain (p=0.01) over the intervention period while receiving NTT, according to parents. There was no significant change in HRQOL according to the self-report EQ-5D-Y.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that a task orientated programme (NTT), presented in small groups, has a positive effect on motor performance in learners SLD/DCD.
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Skinner, Rosemary. "Self-perceptions, perceived control and anxiety in children and adolescents at risk of developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/185.
Full textAbstract:
The current study aimed to discover whether, and to what extent, children and adolescents at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) perceive themselves as lacking competence, control, social support and self-worth. In addition, the study aimed to discover whether, and to what extent, children and adolescents at risk of DCD experience more trait and state anxiety than their peers. Fifty-eight children aged 8- to 10-years identified as being at risk of DCD were matched with 58 control children on age and gender, and fifty-one adolescents aged 12- to 14-years at risk of DCD group were matched with 51 control adolescents. Children and adolescent at risk of DCD were compared to the control group on measures of perceived competence, perceived control, perceived social support, self-worth and anxiety. Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed that children and adolescents at risk of DCD performed significantly more poorly than the control group on measures of perceived competence, perceived control, perceived social support, self-worth and state and trait anxiety. In addition, significant differences were found on some measures for age, whilst only the self-perception profile differentiated gender.Based on the assumption that children and adolescents with poor motor coordination do have negative views of self and experience relatively high levels of anxiety, a second aim of the study was to test an aetiological model of anxiety. Harters (1987) model of the determinants of self-worth provided a sound theoretical basis for investigating the relationships between self-perceptions and affect. Self-perception, according to Harter, precedes emotional and behavioural outcomes. A series of path analyses conducted separately for each group revealed differences in the pattern of interrelationships between the dependent variables for children and adolescents at risk of DCD and the control group. The salient findings were that for both groups physical appearance was an important and consistent determinant of self-worth. Few significant pathways were identified for those in the DCD group limiting the conclusions that could be drawn from this study.Overall, given the negative consequences of poor motor coordination identified in the current study it would seem imperative that early assessment and diagnosis of DCD be introduced into the school system.
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Skinner, Rosemary. "Self-perceptions, perceived control and anxiety in children and adolescents at risk of developmental coordination disorder." Curtin University of Technology, School of Psychology, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12465.
Full textAbstract:
The current study aimed to discover whether, and to what extent, children and adolescents at risk of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) perceive themselves as lacking competence, control, social support and self-worth. In addition, the study aimed to discover whether, and to what extent, children and adolescents at risk of DCD experience more trait and state anxiety than their peers. Fifty-eight children aged 8- to 10-years identified as being at risk of DCD were matched with 58 control children on age and gender, and fifty-one adolescents aged 12- to 14-years at risk of DCD group were matched with 51 control adolescents. Children and adolescent at risk of DCD were compared to the control group on measures of perceived competence, perceived control, perceived social support, self-worth and anxiety. Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed that children and adolescents at risk of DCD performed significantly more poorly than the control group on measures of perceived competence, perceived control, perceived social support, self-worth and state and trait anxiety. In addition, significant differences were found on some measures for age, whilst only the self-perception profile differentiated gender.Based on the assumption that children and adolescents with poor motor coordination do have negative views of self and experience relatively high levels of anxiety, a second aim of the study was to test an aetiological model of anxiety. Harters (1987) model of the determinants of self-worth provided a sound theoretical basis for investigating the relationships between self-perceptions and affect. Self-perception, according to Harter, precedes emotional and behavioural outcomes. A series of path analyses conducted separately for each group revealed differences in the pattern of interrelationships between the dependent variables for children and adolescents at risk of DCD ++and the control group. The salient findings were that for both groups physical appearance was an important and consistent determinant of self-worth. Few significant pathways were identified for those in the DCD group limiting the conclusions that could be drawn from this study.Overall, given the negative consequences of poor motor coordination identified in the current study it would seem imperative that early assessment and diagnosis of DCD be introduced into the school system.