Dissertations / Theses: 'Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)'

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Williams, Jacqueline Louise, and jacqueline williams@mcri edu au. "Motor imagery and developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080617.141139.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is characterised by impairments to motor control and learning, the cause of which remains unclear. Recently, researchers have used cognitive neuroscientific approaches to explore the basis of poor coordination in children, with one hypothesis suggesting that an internal modelling deficit (IMD) is one of the underlying causes of DCD. The aim of this thesis was to further test the IMD hypothesis using a motor imagery paradigm - the mental rotation of hands. Versions of this task were used in all studies to assess motor imagery ability, with an additional whole-body task used in Studies 2 and 3. Further, an alphanumeric rotation task was used in Studies 1 and 2 to assess visual imagery ability. Studies 1 and 2 provided varying levels of support for the IMD hypothesis. In Study 1, only a subgroup of DCD children performed differently from other children in the study on the hand tasks, but tighter task constraints in Study 2 led to overall group differences between DCD and controls in terms of accuracy. The DCD group were also significantly less accurate than controls in the whole-body task, but there were no group differences in either Study 1 or 2 on the visual imagery task. Interestingly, in Study 2, there was an indication that children with severe levels of motor impairment were less accurate than children with less severe motor impairment, suggesting that motor impairment level could play a role in the severity of motor imagery deficits. Study 3 was designed to explore the impact of motor impairment severity on motor imagery ability further. The results confirmed that children with severe DCD had greater motor imagery impairment than children with mild DCD - children with severe DCD performed less accurately than both controls and those with mild DCD in the hand task with instructions and the controls in the whole-body task. Further, those children with mild DCD were able to respond somewhat to motor imagery instructions, whereas those with severe DCD were not. This study provided support to the IMD hypothesis, though the deficit was shown to be dependent on a number of factors. Chapter 5 presents a reasoned account of these various findings and their implications are discussed. It is concluded that motor imagery deficits are evident in many children with DCD, but more so in children with severe motor impairment. A general imagery deficit was ruled out based on the findings of Studies 1 and 2 which showed that visual imagery processes appear intact in children with DCD. Taken together with previous imagery and IMD studies, and related research on feedforward control in DCD, it is concluded that the deficits in motor imagery observed in this thesis are consistent with the hypothesis that an IMD is one likely causal factor in the disorder, particularly in more severe DCD. The observation of differing response patterns between children with mild and severe forms of DCD has important implications for developing a theory of DCD and for remediation.

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Peters, Judith M. "Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) as a distinct syndrome : a conceptual and empirical investigation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007440/.

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Bright children who have abnormal difficulty in acquiring age-appropriate motor skills are of increasing concern to parents, teachers and health professionals. Longitudinal studies have found the condition to be associated with educational under-achievement, impaired social development and disturbed mental well-being in adult life. Now officially known as Developmental Coordination Disorder (DC D), the question of whether this condition should really be viewed as a distinct diagnostic entity is the central theme of this thesis. In the opening chapters, the history of terms used to signify 'clumsiness' of movement is reviewed and the different implications of treating such behaviour as a symptom or syndrome is considered. Discussion then moves to the overlap between DCD and other childhood conditions and the question of how these should be conceptualised. Five studies comprising the empirical component of the thesis employed a variety of methodologies. Two questionnaire-based studies showed that in this area, neither consensus on terms nor equitable service provision has yet been achieved. A third, retrospective study, searched for evidence of sub-types within a large sample of DCD children, successfully replicating some of the cluster groups reported by others. In a final, prospective study, a two-stage identification process was followed by 'blind' assessment of boys with DCD, Asperger Syndrome or Joint Hyper-mobility Syndrome. Novel to this area was the inclusion of experimental measures, including dual-task performance, in which motor and cognitive tasks were combined. The results showed that although the group with AS were significantly poorer on ball skills than those with OCD, the general nature of motor difficulties was not systematically constrained by diagnosis. Together, these studies support the thesis that DCD exists as a separable syndrome, but bear less decisively on the existence of subtypes. A series of real-life case studies illustrates the problems associated with differential diagnosis and the implications for appropriate intervention.

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Downing, Cameron. "Understanding writing difficulties amongst children with neurodevelopmental disorders : the cases of dyslexia and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/understanding-writing-difficulties-amongst-children-with-neurodevelopmental-disorders(24b0633f-1586-4ac0-b758-89a7b1e0ba8a).html.

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Learning to write is onerous and takes several years to master. It is particularly taxing for children with dyslexia and/or developmental coordination disorder (DCD) who appear to have difficulties with spelling and handwriting skills which are critical for writing development. Yet, little is known about the nature of these difficulties. A complicating factor to understanding the nature of spelling and handwriting impairments in dyslexia and DCD is the reported frequent comorbidity and the unclear relationship between the two disorders. The programmatic set of studies presented in this thesis aimed first to understand the relationship between dyslexia and DCD and the comorbidity between the two and secondly to understand the nature of spelling and handwriting impairments in dyslexia and DCD. To address these aims, the prevalence and cognitive, motor, and literacy profiles of dyslexia, DCD, and comorbid dyslexia and DCD was examined in detail. Then, the nature of handwriting difficulties in dyslexia and/or DCD was elucidated by probing profiles and correlates of handwriting in the context of fluency, legibility, and learning to form new letterlike characters. The results demonstrated that dyslexia and DCD have independent and shared impairments and are frequently comorbid with one another. The patterns of these impairments as well as the nature of comorbidity between the two highlights the multifactorial nature of the disorders. The multifactorial nature of dyslexia and DCD also manifested in their multifaceted handwriting difficulties. Handwriting difficulties in dyslexia and DCD were apparent as dissociable impairments which reflected the nature of the specific disorder as well as impairments in early acquisition of handwriting related motor knowledge. These findings are considered in relation to implications for identification and remediation of handwriting difficulties and comorbid dyslexia and DCD.

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Monteiro, e. Lima Margareth de Vasconcelos. "Eye-hand co-ordination in children with movement problems." Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326711.

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Williams, Morgan, and res cand@acu edu au. "Exploration of Differences in Vertical Jump Performance Between Typically Developing Children and those Identified with DCD: A kinematic and kinetic analysis." Australian Catholic University. School of Exercise Science, 2008. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp186.29112008.

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This study compared the motor performance of children identified with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) with those of a matched group categorised as typically developing (TD). Based on the existing literature, vertical jumping was the task selected as it is a fundamental movement skill (Gallahue & Ozmun, 2002), and a single optimal coordination pattern has been shown to exist (e.g., Bobbert & van Ingen Schenau, 1998).Within the conceptual framework developed for this enquiry, jump height, the performance outcome, was the highest level variable. Level 2 variables described the centre of mass displacement at key instants during the jumping movement. Level 3 variables identified measures of velocity, force and power, which underpin the movement, and level 4 variables described the countermovement specific to this task. This provided a more thorough analysis than previously reported in DCD literature for jumping. The objective of this study was to identify possible mechanisms of DCD in order to advance the understanding of this impairment. A cross-sectional sample (n = 165) of males and females aged between 5 and 12 years was drawn from a school in Victoria, Australia. Using the Movement–Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC), 62 children from the sample were identified as having DCD with total impairment scores below the 15th percentile for their age-band (Henderson & Sugden, 1992). From the remaining children assessed, who all scored above the 15th percentile, 62 were matched with the DCD group to form the TD group (n= 62). Participants performed three maximal vertical jumps, standing on a single forceplate. Each child’s best vertical jump was analysed using forceplate (700 Hz) and 2D sagittal kinematic data from a single camera video (50 Hz) capture. The results confirmed previous findings that DCD children jump lower than their TD peers, although there was a considerable overlap in motor ability between the groups. Peak VCOM occurred earlier in the jumping movement in the DCD group, when compared to the TD group. This meant a longer elapsed time from the instant of peak VCOM to take-off, which was attributed to coordination error. The earlier occurrence of peak VCOM in the DCD group could be explained by the lower shank angular velocity at take-off. In addition, the DCD group produced lower jump impulse and peak power. Further probing of the jump height data revealed an interesting relationship between age band and jump height that was gender specific. It was noted that for the DCD males, less than 1% of the variance found in jump height could be accounted for by age-band. In contrast, the explained variance for jump height by age-band was 24% for the TD males. The females showed similar relationships for jump height and age-band in both groups. It was thought that this may reflect physical activity avoidance caused by greater social pressures on boys to be good at sports (e.g., Parker & Larkin, 2003).In addition, a further analysis of the DCD group data was undertaken to compare those who had difficulties in dynamic balance and those who did not. In this analysis, body mass was found to have a significant effect on leg stiffness (Kleg), and when accounted for as a covariate, greater Kleg in the DCD group with dynamic balance difficulties was found. A possible explanation is that for the DCD group with dynamic balance difficulties, the transition from joint flexion to extension during the countermovement was problematic, and resulted in excessive muscle co-activation. This study provides some possible directions for further investigations into coordination issues for DCD children. The time elapsed from peak VCOM to take-off and the shank angular velocities at take-off were identified as key indicators of a poorly coordinated jump. High levels of Kleg reflected difficulties in the transition from joint flexion to extension during the countermovement in those DCD children with dynamic balance problems. Based on these key variables and others that differentiated between groups a more parsimonious conceptual framework is presented. For future enquiry, a more holistic approach for the study of children with such impairments is recommended. This includes exploring the environment these children are exposed to in order to gain a more thorough understanding of practice and learning effects. Understanding of differences in motor ability requires an expanded framework to include information on genetic and socio-cultural factors, and their impact upon important psychology, physical fitness, nutrition, body composition and physical activity parameters.

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Peens, Anquanette. "A comparison of different interventions for children with developmental coordination disorder / Anquanette Peens." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/999.

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Research indicates that Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is associated with a poor self-concept and high levels of anxiety (peens et al., 2004; Piek et al., 2000; Skinner & Piek, 2001). Research also substantiates that participation in a well planned motor intervention programme can enhance the self-concept of a child with DCD (Colchico et al., 2005). Literature further indicates that DCD is associated with neuro-motor problems which may vary in severity (Sigmundsson & Hopkins, 2005). It is further indicated that more boys than girls are diagnosed with DCD and also that, in general, boys have a higher self-concept than girls (Maldonado-Duran, 2002; Stein et al., 1998). The aim of this study was firstly, to determine the influence of DCD on the self-concept and anxiety of 7-9 year old children in the Potchefstroom district. Secondly, the study aimed to determine whether gender and the ethnic group of DCD children have an effect on the success of different intervention programmes. A third aim was to determine whether a motor based intervention programme, a self-concept enhancing programme or a combination of the two (psycho-motor intervention programme) would have the best effect on enhancing children's self-concept and motor proficiency. Lastly, the study attempted to determine whether neuro-motor problems could have a negative influence on an intervention programme for DCD children. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), Bruininks-Oseretsky Test for Motor Proficiency (BOTMP-SF), Sensory Input Measurement Instrument (SIM) and Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST) were used to determine children's motor proficiency as well as possible neuro-motor problems. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Child Form) (TSCS-CF) and Child Anxiety Scale (CAS) were used to determine the children's self-concept and anxiety respectively. One way variance of analysis, repeated measures analysis, independent t-testing, co-variance of analysis as well as correlational coefficients (r) were conducted, using the Statistica computer package in order to analyze the data according to the above-mentioned aims. A p-value of smaller than or equal to 0.05 was accepted as a significant difference. From the results of the study it seemed that the self-concept and anxiety of randomly selected 7-9 year old children (N=58) diagnosed with DCD are negatively influenced and that girls are more vulnerable to these influences. Repeated measure analyses over a period of one year showed that of the three programmes the motor intervention programme showed the best results at improving the children's motor proficiency while, on the other hand, the psychomotor intervention programme improved their self-concept most. Ethnic group and gender did not have a significant effect on the success of intervention programmes. Lastly, it was found that underlying neuro-motor problems could influence the effect of an intervention programme negatively. It is clear from this study that DCD has a negative effect on children, but that participation in a well planned intervention programme will have positive effects on both their motor proficiency and self-concept.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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Joubert, Christine. "The effect of a water-based programme on the motor proficiency of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/397.

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This study determined the effect of a water-based programme on the motor proficiency of children with Development Coordination Disorder (DCD). The water-based programme promoted an alternative environment for DCD children, involving all dimensions of movement. Thirty-one (31) children from Port Elizabeth participated, with an experimental group (n=15) following the eight-week water-based programme, while a control group (n=16) carried on with daily activities. Motor proficiency was measured during three tests, utilizing the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). Results indicated positive effects of the intervention on all the variables of the BOTMP (p < 0.05). Confirming this, three variables obtained practical significance with Cohen’s d > 0.8, and one with 0.2 < d < 0.8. At the end of the three-month duration of the study, the experimental group indicated better performances at the end of the study than at the start, thereby confirming the positive and lasting effect of the water-based intervention programme. Therefore, the use of a water-based programme in improving motor proficiency is supported. However, implementation of the programme over a longer period is recommended.

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Martini, Rose. "Metacognitive processes underlying psychomotor performance in children identified as high skilled, average, and having developmental coordination disorder (DCD)." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38503.

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Metacognition is the monitoring, evaluating, and correction of one's own performance while engaged in an intellectual task. It has been explored within educational psychology in various cognitive and academic domains, for example, general problem solving, physics, reading, writing, and mathematics, and with different populations including children who are gifted, children who have learning disabilities, as well as children who have intellectual delays. Research in these areas has demonstrated that the use of metacognition differs with different levels of ability. Metacognition has rarely been mentioned in the psychomotor literature. It is not known whether children of different psychomotor abilities use metacognition differently. This study used a think-aloud protocol to compare the active use of metacognition in children with different psychomotor abilities---high skill (N = 8), average (N = 9), developmental coordination disorder (DCD) (N = 5)---during a novel motor task. Children with DCD did not verbalize fewer or different metacognitive concepts than either the average or high skill children, however, relative to their counterparts, a significant proportion of the concepts verbalized by children with DCD were found to be inappropriate or inaccurate. These findings reflect ineffective metacognitive processing by children with DCD during a psychomotor task. In general, the results of this study parallel those found in the cognitive domain. This study showed that children with differing psychomotor abilities also demonstrated differences in use of metacognition.

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Gamberini, Francesca. "“Analisi del cammino in soggetti affetti da Developmental Coordination Disorder: una revisione della letteratura"." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Introduzione  Il Developmental Coordination Disorder ( DCD) è molto diffuso in età evolutiva. Questa tesi ha lo scopo di realizzare una revisione della letteratura, al fine di cercare di creare un modello tipico di andatura nei bambini affetti da DCD. Materiali & Metodi  La prima parte del lavoro è stata rivolta alla ricerca in letteratura di quali fossero le evidenze rispetto al DCD. Sono state consultate le banche dati Scopus e PubMed. In questa tesi sono stati considerati solo articoli in lingua inglese sul cammino. Gli 8 articoli selezionati soddisfano i seguenti criteri: • studio andatura, attività motoria nei soggetti affetti da DCD; • scopo documentato dell’analisi di tale disturbo; Infine è stata costruita una tabella per analizzare i punti salienti di ciascuno studio. Risultati  Gli articoli includono gruppi da 10 a 62 soggetti. Tutti questi, hanno un gruppo rispettivo di controllo composto da individui dello stesso range di età e nella medesima quantità. I metodi di valutazione clinica di DCD si basano sui criteri riportati nel DMS-V. All’interno degli studi sono stati analizzati diversi compiti tra cui il cammino su tapis roulant e cammino su una superficie realizzata con materassini ad alta densità . Gli strumenti utilizzati principalmente sono stati: - cinematica 3D (Sistema di tracciamento ottico) con 6-16 telecamere a infrarossi funzionanti a 120 Hz, accelerometro triassiale montato a sterno funzionante a 256 Hz e markers; Di ogni singolo studio si è osservato il compito svolto e i risultati ottenuti. Conclusioni Il DCD è un disturbo che è ancora tutt’oggi complesso da diagnosticare in breve tempo e con assoluta certezza. Attraverso questa revisione sistematica è stato possibile comprendere come siano necessari ulteriori studi al fine di ottenere dei risultati più sicuri relativamente agli aspetti del cammino negli individui con DCD. Sono ancora oggi, troppo pochi gli studi realizzati e i risultati estremamente eterogenei.

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Bell, Gertruida Jacomina. "Die verband tussen obesiteit en ontwikkelingskoördinasieversteuring ("DCD") by 10- tot 12-jarige dogters in die Noordwes-Provinsie / G.J. (Minette) Bell." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/456.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence of obesity and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) of girls in the age group 10-12 years of different race groups in the North-West Province. A second purpose was to determine if DCD status can be predicted effectively among 10-12 year old girls with regard to race, age, percentage body fat, body mass, length, body mass index and bent aim hang. Obesity is the cause of health risks, psychological consequences and improper development (Chantell et al., 1994:116; Marshall & Bouffard, 1994:1997; Treuth et al., 1997:1738). Children with DCD have poor motor abilities and experience problems regarding concentration and social abilities, all of which are necessary for successful schooling (Geuze & Borger, 1993:14; Piek & Edwards, 1997:55; Sugden & Chambers, 1998:139) According to research, the incidence of obesity among children has doubled over the last 20 years, and 10-30% of all children and adolescents can be classified as obese. Causes of obesity may be genetic but a lack of physical activity and an unbalanced diet can also contribute to obesity. Health risks, psycho-social risks and developmental disorders are all indicated in the literature to be consequences of obesity. The incidence of DCD is documented in the literature to be between 5% and 16%. It is also shown that it may be the cause of problems in daily living and at school, and some racial differences with regard to motor differences are indicated. It is also indicated that overweight and obese children are less mobile and that their motor achievement is poorer in movements where the shifting of body weight is required. All the subjects for this study (N=346) completed the Movement ABC (MABC) (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) to determine their DCD status. Fat percentage was determined from the subscapular and triceps skin folds according to the formula of Boileau et al. (1985:17-27), while a body mass index (BMI) (l/w2)above the 85th percentile was used as a criterion for overweight, and a BMI of above the 95th percentile for obesity. The Statistics for Windows computer package was used to determine descriptive statistics and significant differences between the groups. The results showed that the incidence of obesity and DCD were 4,93% and 59,78% respectively. 50% of the white girls, 72,73% of blacks, 0% of coloureds and 100% of Indian girls in the total group who were classified as DCD were also obese. The results indicated a higher relationship between obesity and DCD among the Indian and black girls compared to the white and coloured girls in the DCD group. Indian girls showed the highest incidence of obesity and coloured girls the least. The Indian and black girls also showed the highest incidence of DCD, while the percentages of DCD among all the race groups were higher than the levels indicated in the literature. The percentage of obesity found in the study was lower than in the literature, but higher percentages were found among the Indian and white girls, while all the obese Indian girls were also classified as suffering from DCD. With regard to the second aim of the study, no significant predictors for DCD could be found among the different body composition variables of bent arm hang, race and age, although some tendencies emerged. Results showed that the percentage fat was not a good predictor of DCD status in the group, but in the different racial groups its predictive value became higher. However, none of the variables could be considered good predictors of DCD status among girls, although it can be concluded that there are tendencies towards a relationship between obesity, DCD and race. Thus it is important for children with DCD and obesity (separate and in combination) to be identified and treated with intervention programs as early as possible, and it is essential to include physical activities as part of the treatment (Dussart, 1994:81; LeMure et al., 2000:336). The results of the study indicated that it is important to analyse the needs and characteristics of the different race groups in order to ensure the success of such programs. Indian girls especially should be encouraged to participate in physical activity programmes because of the high percentages of obesity found in the DCD group.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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Prado, Monja Silvia Sales. "Tradução e adaptação cultural do Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ)." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/MSMR-777JBN.

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In Brazil, there are no available instruments for the detection of children with developmental coordination disorders (DCD), which impairs its diagnosis and treatment. The cultural adaptation of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), a questionnaire for parents, represents an attempt to develop an instrument for the detection of children with motor coordination problems in Brazil. Aims of the present investigation were a) to translate the DCDQ to Portuguese and adapt it to the Brazilian culture; b) to examine the comprehension and adequacy of DCDQ-Brazil for the Brazilian population through the experimental application of the translated test; c) investigate the psychometrical qualities of the adapted questionnaire; d) indicate the instruments limitations and, if necessary, propose the review or exclusion of items to make it clinically useful for the DCD detection among Brazilian children.Methods included translation of the DCDQ according to internationally used procedures, followed by the use of the translated questionnaire DCDQ-Brazil in a sample of 45 children, 15 of which showed coordination problems and 30 with typical developmental patterns. Data analysis indicated that items 3) and 13) were not efficient for the discrimination of motor coordination problems and did not represent typical aspects of the Brazilian culture. Two other versions of the questionnaire, A and B, were then created in which these items were substituted by others with better psychometrical characteristics. There was an improvement in test-retest reliability (from 0,953 in the original version to 0,973 in both versions A and B) and in internal consistency (from 0,915 in the original version to 0,926 in version A and 0,918 in version B). Sensitivity (0,73) and specificity (0,87), as well as positive prediction value (0,73) and negative prediction value (0,87) also underlined version As superiority, which should be maintained in future investigations.It was concluded that the translation process was valid and that DCDQ-Brazil, as a short instrument with simple applicability, is potentially useful for the detection of DCD among Brazilian children. Further research involving broader samples is necessary to verify the score patterns of Brazilian children in different ages and to determine cut-off scores that allow a more reliable classification of children for diagnostic evaluation and epidemiological studies.
No Brasil, não existem instrumentos para a detecção de crianças com Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação TDC, o que limita seu diagnóstico e tratamento. A adaptação cultural do Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire DCDQ, um questionário para pais, representa uma tentativa de disponibilizar um instrumento para a detecção de crianças com problemas de coordenação motora no Brasil. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram (a) fazer a tradução para a Língua Portuguesa e a adaptação para a cultura brasileira do DCDQ, (b) examinar a compreensão e adequação do DCDQ-Brasil para a população brasileira, por meio da aplicação experimental do teste traduzido, (c) examinar as qualidades psicométricas do questionário adaptado, e (d) indicar as limitações do instrumento e, se necessário, propor a revisão ou a exclusão de itens, de forma a torná-lo clinicamente útil para detecção de TDC em crianças brasileiras. A metodologia incluiu a tradução do DCDQ, segundo procedimentos usados internacionalmente, seguida da aplicação do questionário traduzido DCDQ-Brasil em uma amostra de 45 crianças, sendo 15 com problemas de coordenação e 30 com desenvolvimento típico. Na análise dos dados, observou-se que os items 3) e 13), além de não apresentarem boa discriminação para problemas de coordenação motora, não representavam aspectos típicos da cultura brasileira. Foram, então criadas as versões A e B do questionário, nas quais esse itens foram substituídos por outros de melhores qualidades psicométricas. Houve melhoria na confiabilidade teste-reteste, que passou de 0,953 na versão original para 0,973 na versão A e 0,973 na versão B, e na consistência interna, que na versão original era 0,915 e passou para 0,926 na versão A e 0,918 na versão B. Dados de sensibilidade (0,73) e especificidade (0,87), valor de predição positivo (0,73) e negativo (0,87) também indicam superioridade da versão A, que deve ser mantida em estudos futuros. Conclui-se que o processo de tradução foi válido e que o DCDQ-Brasil, como instrumento curto e de fácil aplicação, tem bom potencial para ser usado na detecção do TDC em crianças brasileiras. Futuros estudos, com amostragem mais ampla, serão necessários para verificar o padrão de escores de crianças brasileiras nas diferentes idades e determinar pontos de corte, que permitam a triagem mais confiável de crianças para avaliação diagnóstica e estudos epidemiológicos.

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Nel, Rentia. "Die verband tussen ysterstatus en ontwikkelingskoördinasieversteuring (DCD) by nege- tot twaalfjarige kinders / Rentia Nel." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/604.

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The most common form of nutritional deficiency worldwide is iron deficiency, which is associated with sup optimal early brain development. Literature indicates that children with a poor nutritional status during early development of the brain showed poorer cognitive functioning, deficient growth and muscle function. The first purpose of this study was to determine if iron status plays a role in motor competency. A second purpose was to determine if iron status shows an association with motor competency, behavioural characteristics and scholastic success, while a third purpose was to determine if the consumption of different teas will improve iron intake positively and consequently will improve motor development and behaviour. A test- retest research design was used in a randomised parallel study, with one group of children drinking tea and a control group drinking 'rooibos' tea. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) was used to determine the DCD (Developmental co-ordination disorder) status in the group (N = 76). In this group, 45 children were classified as children with DCD. Blood samples were taken to determine the haemoglobin, ferritin and transferrin saturation levels while a 24hr recall dietary questionnaire was used to determine nutritional intakes. Descriptive statistics, t-testing, effect sizes and analysis of co-variance were used to analyse the data. With regards to the first aim of the study, the results which were analysed by means of t-testing, effect sizes and co-variance of analysis indicated that iron deficiency showed significant relationships with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). When corrected for influences other than haemoglobin on gross motor competency manual dexterity, and especially ball skills, showed significant relationships with iron deficiency. These results demonstrate the importance of proper nutrition on motor and cognitive development. With reference to the second aim of the study the assessment of children with DCD by the teachers with regard to their manual dexterity and behavioural characteristics, indicated poorer manual dexterity and more behavioural problems compared to children without DCD. The children in the DCD group was also divided into a group where the MABC-total showed improvement and their haemoglobin levels increased (n=19). This group was then compared with a group of DCD children of which the MABC total decreased and a decrease in haemoglobin was found (n=6). Although the groups were small, the results indicate that manual dexterity skills and mathematics, reading and writing was poorer in the DCD-children whose iron status decreased. No definite association between the different teas and improvement of motor development and behaviour were indicated by the results. Overall, the conclusion can be made that a relationship between iron status and Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) among 9-12 year old children exist. However, it is recommended that more studies of this nature should be done on school age children to substantiate the findings of this study. Intervention studies should also be implemented where the children with depleted iron anaemia status should receive iron supplementation.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

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Ganci, Lorenza. "Exploring the subjective experience and the psychosocial interventions mothers utilise in managing a child presenting with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)/Dyspraxia." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6174.

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Magister Artium - MA (Child and Family Studies)
Developmental Coordination Disorder, often also referred to as Dyspraxia, can be described as a marked impairment in the development of motor coordination affecting daily activities, in the absence of neurological or intellectual dysfunction. Developmental Coordination Disorder is prevalent among 5 to 6% of the population of 5 to 11-year-old children. Primary studies report on psychosocial interventions for children presenting with DCD/Dyspraxia, however there is limited research available. The current study consisted of two phases: a systematic review (Phase 1) and a qualitative research study (Phase 2). The aim of the review was to systematically review previous research regarding psychosocial intervention strategies utilised with children presenting with Dyspraxia. This information was used to inform our understanding for the qualitative study (Phase 2) in terms of how parents manage this disorder in the home environment. The aim of this qualitative research study was to explore the subjective experience of mothers who have children presenting with Developmental Coordination Disorder/Dyspraxia and the psychosocial interventions they use to manage the disorder in their home.

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Salie, Roshaan. "The effects of a group exercise program on primary school children aged six to ten years diagnosed with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2811.

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Thesis (MScPhysio (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Physiotherapy))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: Children who lack the motor coordination to perform the tasks that have usually been acquired at their age, given normal intellectual ability and the absence of other neurological disorders, are classified as having Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) according to DSMIV. Limited professional resources prohibit individual therapy and these children are being treated in “gross motor groups” regardless of the fact that this has limited proven efficacy. This study aims to investigate whether group exercise physiotherapy does improve the gross motor function of children with DCD aged six to ten years old. Methods: Thirty-nine children were assessed at pre and post intervention on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M-ABC) as well as the Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting (PEGS) questionnaire by a blinded research assistant. They were randomly allocated to either a control (N=19) or an intervention group (N=20). The intervention group was then further subdivided into groups of four to six per group to attend group exercise sessions of 30 – 45 minutes three times per week. Group exercises were aimed at improving manual dexterity, ball skills and balance by incorporating aerobic exercises, strengthening exercises, coordination as well as task specific activities. Results: There was a significant increase (p=.028) in the total scores tested by the experimental group on the M-ABC after the eight week intervention. Manual dexterity skills had improved significantly (p=.035). There was a trend for ball skills to improve (p=.088) but no improvement was recorded for static or dynamic balance post intervention. PEGS results indicated that subjects considered themselves as very competent regardless of their abilities. Conclusions: The results of this study support the hypothesis that an eight week group exercise program can improve the gross motor skills of children with DCD. It would seem that implementing such an intervention is a viable option, especially where resources limit the availability of one to one therapy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: Kinders wat „n gebrek aan motoriese koördinasie het om ouderdoms verwante take te verrig, gegewe dat hulle normale intellektuele vermoëns het en die afwesigheid van ander neorologiese abnormaliteite, word geklassifiseer as “Developmental Coordination Disorder” (DCD) volgens die DSM IV. Beperkte professionele menslike hulpbronne voorkom individele terapie en hierdie kinders word gewoonlik behandel in grofmotoriese groepe, ongeag dat daar min bewyse is dat dit „n effektiewe behandelings metode is. Die doel van hierdie studie is om vas te stel of „n fisioterapie groepsoefenprogram „n effektiewe behandelingsvorm is om die grofmotoriese vaardighede in ses tot tienjarige primêre skool kinders, met „n diagnose van DCD, verbeter. Metodes: Nege-en-dertig kinders was geassesseer met die “Movement Assessment Battery for Children” (M-ABC) en die “Perceived Efficacy and Goal Setting” (PEGS) vraelys deur „n geblinde navorsingsassistent. Hulle is in twee groepe nl kontrole groep wat nie intervensie gekry het nie (N=19) en „n eksperimentele groep (N=20)verdeel deur eenvoudige ewekansige toewysing. Die eksperimentele groep was verder onderverdeel in groepe van vier tot ses om groepsoefeningsessies by te woon drie keer „n week vir 30 tot 45 minute. Die doel van die groepsoefeninge was om die volgende areas te verbeter: handvaardigheid, balvaardigheid en balans deur die inkorporasie van balansaktiwiteite, spierversterkingsoefeninge, koördinasie sowel as taak spesifieke aktiwiteite. Die deelnemers was weer geassesseer met die Movement-ABC en die PEGS na die agt weke lange intervensie program. Resultate: Daar was 'n beduidende toename (p=.028) in die algehele telling deur die eksperimentele groep op die M-ABC na die agt weke deelname. Handvaardigheid het beduidend verbeter (p=.035). Daar was „n tendens vir balvaardighede om te verbeter (p=0.88), maar geen verbetering was aangedui vir balans na die ingryping nie. Die PEGS resultate was moeilik om te interpreteer aangesien die deelnemers hulself as baie vaardig gesien het ten spyte van hulle vermoëns. Gevolgtrekking: Die resultate van hierdie studie ondersteun die hipotese dat 'n doelgerigte groepsoefeningsprogram wel die grofmotoriese vaardighede van kinders met „n diagnose van DCD verbeter. Fisioterapeute kan 'n groepsofeningsprogram met vertroue implementeer waar 'n tekort aan menslike hulpbronne een tot een terapie beperk.

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Sahlin, Karin. "Developmental Coordination Disorder : Kunskapsläge och arbete kring motorisk koordinationsstörning bland lärare i idrott och hälsa och specialpedagoger." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Specialpedagogiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190509.

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Denna studie handlar om en för många okänd diagnos vid namn Developmental CoordinationDisorder (DCD) eller i svenska uttryckt motorisk koordinationsstörning. Syftet är att undersökakunskapsläget kring DCD bland lärare i idrott och hälsa och specialpedagoger samt beskriva arbetetför att skapa en tillgänglig lärmiljö i ämnet idrott och hälsa för dessa elever. Den teoretiskautgångspunkten bottnar i den humanekologiska teoribildningen och närmare bestämt i en modell vidnamn M.A.T.C.H vilken utformats för att i skolan kunna bedriva ett främjande arbete för elever medDCD. M.A.T.C.H fungerar även som ett analysverktyg i tolkningen av empirin. Studien är avkvantitativ och kvalitativ karaktär och metoden som användes för datainsamling är enkät. Enkätenbesvarades av 56 lärare i idrott och hälsa och 60 specialpedagoger. Resultaten visar att knappt hälftenav respondenterna har hört talas om DCD och att 25 % eller färre anser att de har kunskap kring hurDCD påverkar ett barns motorik. Gällande kunskap kring hur undervisningen kan anpassas efter elevermed DCD anser knappt hälften av lärarna och färre än 10 % av specialpedagogerna att de har detta.Vidare visar studien att de flesta lärare gör anpassningar för dessa elever och att dessa framförallthandlar om nivåanpassningar. Gällande specialpedagogernas delaktighet i anpassningarna uppger färreän hälften att de bidragit i detta arbete. Resultatet visar också att färre än hälften av lärarna väljer attkontakta en specialpedagog för handledning i arbetet. Orsakerna till varför många inte gör detförklarar de med att specialpedagogerna ofta har brist på kunskap och tid. Knappt hälften avspecialpedagogerna uppger att de ger handledning till lärarna och beskriver bland annat att det krävsbättre organisatoriska förutsättningar. I resultatdiskussionen förs ett resonemang kring hur ökadkunskap och samverkan kan bidra till att utveckla arbetet för att möta elever med DCD. Slutsatsernaformuleras i begreppen kunskap och samverkan. En ökad kunskap kring DCD samt en närmresamverkan mellan lärare i idrott och hälsa och specialpedagoger kan fördjupa det arbete som redangörs gällande anpassningar samt främja en tidig upptäckt av elever med DCD.

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Wessels, Yolandie. "Motoriese ontwikkelingstatus, aandagafleibaarheid-hiperaktiwiteitsindroom (ADHD) en leerverwante probleme by 6- en 7-jarige kinders in Potchefstroom / Yolandie Wessel." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1284.

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Fors, Eva. "The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 som screeningsinstrument för barns motorik : en svensk valideringsstudie." Thesis, Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH, Institutionen för idrotts- och hälsovetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:gih:diva-2400.

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Aim Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) is an international survey tool based on parents' estimation of their child's motor coordination skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of a Swedish version of DCDQ'07 by finding out how the classification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ'07 is consistent with the classification of DCD via the motor impairment test, Movement ABC. MethodIn the context of a larger study, a Swedish translated version of the parent survey DCDQ'07 were sent to 4000 randomly selected families with children aged 8 - 10 years in Stockholm County. The classifications "DCD" or "NOT DCD" with cut-off values of 56 (9 years) and 57 (10 years) were applied. Forty families were selected from 410 registered responses. Parents and children were invited to the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences for additional motor skills tests. Thirty-four children (8.5 ± 0.6 years) completed the quantitative part of the Movement ABC chosen as the standard criteria for motor performance with the 15th percentile as a criterion for DCD. Data processing was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve (ROC) was used to determine positive criterion for DCDQ'07. The correlation analysis Spearman's Rho was used. Level of significance was set at p <0.05. ResultsAt the cut-off values of <56 (9 years) and <57 (10 years) the DCDQ'07 reached a sensitivity of 80 %, a specificity of 67 % and positive predicted value (ppv) of 50 %. The accepted consensus with Kappa was just below 0.4. Significant correlations were found between the Movement ABC and the total score of DCDQ'07 (r = - 0,61) and between the three subcomponents in DCDQ'07 and the sub-tasks of the Movement ABC, except one task. ConclusionThe Swedish version of DCDQ’07 exhibits an acceptable validity and is a useful screening instrument to identify children with suspected DCD. The test meets the requirement (80 %) to identify children with motor problems (sensitivity) and satisfy nearly requirement (70 %) for specificity, which is the ability to correctly identify children without motor problems. Cut-off values between 48 and 57 are recommended, depending which groups should be investigated. Lower values are recommended for clinical groups and higher for population-based studies.
Syfte och frågeställningar Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07) är ett internationellt enkätverktyg som utgår från föräldrars skattning av sitt barns motorik. Syftet med studien var att undersöka validiteten i en svensk version av DCDQ’07 genom att ta reda på hur klassificeringen av Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ’07 stämmer med klassificering av DCD via motoriktestet Movement ABC. Metod I samband med en större studie skickades en svensk översatt version av föräldrarenkäten DCDQ’07 ut till 4000 slumpvis utvalda familjer med barn i åldrarna 8 ─ 10 år i Stockholms län. Klassificeringarna ”DCD” eller ”NOT DCD” med cutoff värdena 56 (9 år) och 57 (10 år) tillämpades. Bland 410 registrerade svar valdes 40 familjer ut. Föräldrar och barn bjöds in till Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan för ytterligare motoriktest. Trettiofyra barn (8.5 ± 0,6 år) genomförde den kvantitativa delen av Movement ABC som valts som standard för motorisk förmåga med 15:e percentilen som kriterium för DCD. Databearbetning utfördes i IBM SPSS Statistics 19. Receiver- operator characteristic curve (ROC graf) användes för att fastställa positivt kriterium för DCDQ’07. För korrelationsanalys användes Spearmans Rho. Signifikansnivån sattes till p<0,05. Resultat Vid cutoff värdena <56 (9 år) och < 57 (10 år) i DCDQ’07 nåddes en sensitivitet på 80 %, en specificitet på 67 % och positive predicted value (ppv) på 50 %. Den accepterade samstämmigheten med Kappa var strax under 0.4 . Signifikant korrelation påvisades mellan Movement ABC och totalpoäng på DCDQ’07 (r = - 0,61) och mellan de tre delkomponenterna i DCDQ’07 och samtliga deluppgifter i Movement ABC, förutom en uppgift. Slutsats Den svenska versionen av DCDQ’07 uppvisar en acceptabel validitet och är ett lämpligt screeningsinstrument för att fånga upp barn med motoriska problem. Testet möter kravet (80 %) för att identifiera barn med trolig DCD (sensitivitet) och uppfyller nästan kravet (70 %) för specificitet, dvs. förmåga att korrekt identifiera barn utan problem. Cutoff värden mellan 48 och 57 rekommenderas beroende vilka grupper som skall undersökas. Lägre värden rekommenderas för kliniska grupper och högre för populationsstudier.

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Kane, Pamela. "'Nerds', 'Space-Cadets' and those 'a bit on the odd side' : an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the experience of adolescents with a diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)." Thesis, City, University of London, 2018. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21075/.

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Introduction: Adolescents with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) are known to be at increased risk of psychosocial problems. There has been limited qualitative research into the impact of DCD from an adolescent perspective. Aim: The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experience of participants with DCD as they negotiate adolescence. Method: Eleven participants between the age of 11-18 (8F:3M) with a diagnosis of DCD were recruited through the Dyspraxia Foundation UK. Semi-structured interviews were carried out, audio-recorded and transcribed. The data was analysed by means of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings: Three main themes emerged from the data: ‘Sense of Otherness’ ‘Complexity of Response’ ‘Recognising and Coping with Limitations’. Most participants related a sense of ‘otherness’ and had previously experienced social and/or emotional difficulties. However, adolescence emerged as a time where self-concept could be re-assessed, often positively. Feelings regarding DCD were expressed as complex - including relief at diagnosis, shame at limitations, general ambivalence and a need for acceptance and support. Participants felt their difficulties were often unrecognised and misunderstood in comparison to other developmental disorders. Limitations were described regarding coordination, executive functions (EF) and emotional response. Participants employed a diverse range of coping strategies to function academically and socially. Conclusion: This work has implications for professionals and policymakers regarding the continued lack of recognition and understanding perceived by young people with DCD. It highlights that many participants struggle with EF and emotional regulation, as well as coordination, but feel that this struggle is mostly unseen. Support, when offered, can often be inconsistent. The re-framing of ‘difference’ as ‘individuality’ during mid to late adolescence, indicates an alternative pathway regarding self-concept that is potentially inclusive of DCD. As adults with DCD continue to report lower self-esteem, poorer mental health outcomes and reduced participation, this research indicates that adolescence may present a window of opportunity for interventions to improve resilience and self-esteem in this population. Ongoing active collaboration between adolescents and researchers is essential.

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Morgan-Jones, Melanie. "Does Fascia Bowen therapy improve neuromuscular function and psychological well-being in males aged 8-11 (at primary school) with dyspraxia/developmental coordination disorder?" Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665409.

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Background: Dyspraxia, also included under the term Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), is a condition characterised by an impairment in motor skills function which impacts negatively on other aspects of daily living such as athletic capability, handwriting, self-esteem and social interaction. However, no effective therapy currently exists to address all of these issues within this group. The aim of the present study therefore was to investigate whether a complementary therapy, called Fascia Bowen therapy, would improve neuromuscular function and psychological wellbeing in males aged 8-11 (at Primary School) diagnosed with this condition. Methods: A group of 10 participants meeting the criteria of 15th centile or below in motor skills functioning, received a Fascia Bowen therapy treatment session from a qualified Fascia Bowen practitioner each week for 6 weeks. All participants’ motor skills function were assessed by an occupational therapist before and after the end of the intervention using the Motor Skills Assessment Battery for Children test (MABC-2). Additionally, parents, teachers and participants completed questionnaires measuring self-esteem, social skills, social interaction, behaviour and scholastic function before and after the intervention. Results: The participants showed significant improvement in neuromuscular function over time using the MABC-2. However, no significant changes were shown in the other measures of functioning. Although parents did provide some anecdotal reports about positive changes in real life, these were not reflected in the measures. The results suggest that while improvements were shown as significant in the motor domain, which was the focus of the therapy, the results did not translate to other domains of life over time. 13 Conclusions: Further research is necessary to test the efficacy of the treatment’s effects using a larger sample, a control group and a longer intervention timescale. A six week intervention period may not be sufficient to show significant changes in self-esteem, social skills, social interaction, behaviour and scholastic functions which have deep-rooted constructs developed over many years. These may therefore take a long time to change.

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Miranda, Talita Barbosa. "Perfil motor de escolares de 7 a 10 anos de idade com indicativo de Desordem Coordenativa Desenvolvimental (DCD)." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2010. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/450.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The purpose of this study was to investigate the motor profile of students aged seven to ten years with indicative of Developmental Coordination Disorder. Three hundred and eighty children coming from public schools in the continental part of the city of Florianópolis, SC, Brazil, participated in this study. The current study was approved by the Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Research Ethics in Human Being Board. In order to identify motor difficulties the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) was used and, for the evaluation of the nutritional status, anthropometric measurements for weight and height were used. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was checked, according to reference data for children and adolescents ages 5-19 y of the World Health Organization (WHO), using the results of the scores-Z of the BMI for the ages. For statistical purposes, descriptive measures of distribution of the frequency and inference measures with comparative tests (independent samples t test, ANOVA one-way, ANOVA for repeated measures, MANOVA and chi-square) were used. For all the analyses the level of significance of 5% was adopted. The results showed that 6.1% of the students demonstrated indicative of DCD, consisting of 9.9% (n=18) males and 2.5% (n=5) females. In the general group a significant association between the motor classification and gender was found. In the group with indicative of DCD a significant difference between the manual dexterity skills and aiming/catching skills and between the aiming/catching skills and balance was detected. These data suggest that the students with indicative of DCD did worse in the aiming/catching skills. As for the nutritional status, 85.5% of the students in general showed eutrophy and 12.9% showed obesity. In the group with indicative of DCD, 91.3% showed eutrophy and 8.7% showed obesity. There was no statistical association between the motor classification and the nutritional status. The prevalence of children with motor difficulties in schools is worrying. Therefore, children at school age with indicative of DCD have a deficit in the main motor abilities hindering the development of the skilled motor abilities, making it difficult for these children to participate in school activities. This can bring serious consequences to the social development of the person, as much in the physical order as in behavioral and emotional issues.
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil motor de escolares de 7 a 10 anos de idade com indicativo de Desordem Coordenativa Desenvolvimental. Participaram do estudo 380 crianças provindas de escolas da rede pública de ensino da parte continental da cidade de Florianópolis SC Brasil. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em Seres Humanos da UDESC. Para a identificação de dificuldades motoras foi utilizado o Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2) e para a avaliação do estado nutricional foram realizadas medidas antropométricas de peso e altura e cálculo do IMC, conforme os dados de referência para crianças e adolescentes de 5 a 19 anos de idade da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), utilizando-se valores dos escores-Z de IMC para idade. Para fins estatísticos foram utilizadas medidas descritivas de distribuição de frequência e medidas inferenciais, com testes de comparações (teste t independente, ANOVA one-way, ANOVA para medidas repetidas, MANOVA e Qui-quadrado). Para todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que 6,1% dos escolares apresentaram indicativo de DCD, sendo 9,9% (n=18) do sexo masculino e 2,5% (n=5) do sexo feminino. Foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre a classificação motora e sexo e houve diferença significativa entre as habilidades de destreza manual e habilidades de lançar/receber e entre as habilidades de lançar/receber e equilíbrio no grupo que apresentou indicativo de DCD. Esses dados sugerem que os escolares com indicativo de DCD foram piores nas habilidades de lançar/receber. Quanto ao estado nutricional, 85,5% dos escolares em geral apresentaram eutrofia e 12,9% apresentou sobrepeso/obesidade. No grupo com indicativo de DCD, 91,3% obteve eutrofia e 8,7% apresentou sobrepeso. Não ocorreu nenhuma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a classificação motora e estado nutricional. A prevalência de crianças com dificuldades motoras nas escolas é preocupante. Portanto, as crianças em idade escolar com indicativo de DCD possuem déficits nas habilidades motoras fundamentais, prejudicando o desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras especializadas e dificultando a participação dessas crianças em atividades escolares. Isso pode trazer sérias consequências no desenvolvimento do indivíduo, tanto da ordem física quanto problemas emocionais e comportamentais.

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Calvo, Adriano Percival. "A produção gráfica e escrita : focalizando a variação da produção de força /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100439.

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Resumo: A escrita é uma forma de comunicação importante que se desenvolve com a idade e com a escolarização. Algumas crianças apresentam dificuldade em desenvolver uma escrita proficiente. Do ponto de vista do controle motor, uma escrita não proficiente pode estar vinculada à dificuldade da criança ativar adequadamente as sinergias motoras que dão suporte a esta habilidade. Portanto, estimular as sinergias motoras dos dedos pode proporcionar melhora na cinética e cinemática da escrita e, conseqüentemente, na qualidade da escrita. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção, para crianças com dificuldades na escrita, composto por atividades manipulativas e pré-caligráficas que estimularam as sinergias motoras dos dedos por meio da variação da produção de força dos dedos. Trinta e duas crianças foram indicadas por suas professoras de classe para participarem do estudo. Dezesseis crianças, de 7 a 12 anos de idade, com baixa qualidade na escrita, formaram o Grupo Experimental (GE), e outras 16 crianças com boa qualidade na escrita, e com idade, gênero e preferência manual correspondentes ao GE, formaram o Grupo Controle (GC). O desempenho motor de todos os participantes foi avaliado pelo Movement Assessment Battery for Children, M-ABC (HENDERSON; SUDGEN, 1992). Todos os participantes tiveram a qualidade da escrita avaliada pelo Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (REISMAN, 1999) adaptado à língua portuguesa. Além disso, todos os participantes foram testados na produção gráfica e escrita sobre uma mesa digitalizadora (Wacom, Intuos2). Ambos, o Minnesota Handwriting Assessment adaptado e a produção gráfica e escrita sobre uma mesa digitalizadora foram administrados antes (pré-teste) e após (pós-teste) o programa de intervenção. Somente o GE foi submetido ao programa de intervenção. O programa de intervenção... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Handwriting is an essential manner of human communication which develops with the process of aging and schooling. Some children present difficulties in developing a proficient handwriting. From the motor control perspective, a non-proficient handwriting may be associated with the difficulty to appropriately activate specific motor synergies. Thus, the stimulation of motor synergies of the fingers can improve the kinetic, and kinematic parameters of handwriting, and consequently the quality of the product of handwriting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of an intervention program involving manipulative and pre-calligraphic activities. The intervention activities were based on variation in the force production of the fingers for children with handwriting difficulties. A total of 32 children aged between 7 and 12 years were selected to participate in the study by the classroom teachers. The Experimental Group (EG) was composed by 16 children displaying poor quality of handwriting, and other 16 children matched by age, gender and handedness showing high quality of handwriting composed the Control Group (CG). The motor performance of the participants was assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, M-ABC (HENDERSON; SUDGEN, 1992). All participants had the quality of the handwriting assessed by the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (REISMAN, 1999) adapted to the Portuguese language. Furthermore, participants were tested in the handwriting and graphic production on a digitizing tablet (WACOM - Intuos2). Both the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment adapted and the handwriting and graphic production on a digitizing tablet were administered before (i.e., pretest) and after (i.e., post test) the intervention program. Only the EG was submitted to the intervention program. The intervention program consisted of 27 sessions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Ana Maria Pellegrini
Coorientador: Cynthia Yukiko Hiraga
Banca: Luis Eduardo P.B.T. Dantas
Banca: Livia de Castro Magalhães
Doutor

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Epps, Susan Bramlett, Robert C. Barnhart, Mary Jo Davenport, and Vey M. Norquist. "Developmental Coordination Disorder." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2556.

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For the last 100 years, poor motor coordination in children has been recognized as a developmental problem. As early as 1937, these children were classified as “clumsy.” Since then, other terms such as “motorically awkward,” “motor impaired,” and “physically awkward” have been used to describe these children, and the terms “developmental apraxia” and “perceptual motor difficulties” have been used to characterize this developmental problem. Since the 1994 International Consensus Conference on Children and Clumsiness, the term “developmental coordination disorder” (DCD) has been used to describe the condition of children with motor incoordination.

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Calvo, Adriano Percival [UNESP]. "A produção gráfica e escrita: focalizando a variação da produção de força." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100439.

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A escrita é uma forma de comunicação importante que se desenvolve com a idade e com a escolarização. Algumas crianças apresentam dificuldade em desenvolver uma escrita proficiente. Do ponto de vista do controle motor, uma escrita não proficiente pode estar vinculada à dificuldade da criança ativar adequadamente as sinergias motoras que dão suporte a esta habilidade. Portanto, estimular as sinergias motoras dos dedos pode proporcionar melhora na cinética e cinemática da escrita e, conseqüentemente, na qualidade da escrita. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar os efeitos de um programa de intervenção, para crianças com dificuldades na escrita, composto por atividades manipulativas e pré-caligráficas que estimularam as sinergias motoras dos dedos por meio da variação da produção de força dos dedos. Trinta e duas crianças foram indicadas por suas professoras de classe para participarem do estudo. Dezesseis crianças, de 7 a 12 anos de idade, com baixa qualidade na escrita, formaram o Grupo Experimental (GE), e outras 16 crianças com boa qualidade na escrita, e com idade, gênero e preferência manual correspondentes ao GE, formaram o Grupo Controle (GC). O desempenho motor de todos os participantes foi avaliado pelo Movement Assessment Battery for Children, M-ABC (HENDERSON; SUDGEN, 1992). Todos os participantes tiveram a qualidade da escrita avaliada pelo Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (REISMAN, 1999) adaptado à língua portuguesa. Além disso, todos os participantes foram testados na produção gráfica e escrita sobre uma mesa digitalizadora (Wacom, Intuos2). Ambos, o Minnesota Handwriting Assessment adaptado e a produção gráfica e escrita sobre uma mesa digitalizadora foram administrados antes (pré-teste) e após (pós-teste) o programa de intervenção. Somente o GE foi submetido ao programa de intervenção. O programa de intervenção...
Handwriting is an essential manner of human communication which develops with the process of aging and schooling. Some children present difficulties in developing a proficient handwriting. From the motor control perspective, a non-proficient handwriting may be associated with the difficulty to appropriately activate specific motor synergies. Thus, the stimulation of motor synergies of the fingers can improve the kinetic, and kinematic parameters of handwriting, and consequently the quality of the product of handwriting. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of an intervention program involving manipulative and pre-calligraphic activities. The intervention activities were based on variation in the force production of the fingers for children with handwriting difficulties. A total of 32 children aged between 7 and 12 years were selected to participate in the study by the classroom teachers. The Experimental Group (EG) was composed by 16 children displaying poor quality of handwriting, and other 16 children matched by age, gender and handedness showing high quality of handwriting composed the Control Group (CG). The motor performance of the participants was assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, M-ABC (HENDERSON; SUDGEN, 1992). All participants had the quality of the handwriting assessed by the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment (REISMAN, 1999) adapted to the Portuguese language. Furthermore, participants were tested in the handwriting and graphic production on a digitizing tablet (WACOM - Intuos2). Both the Minnesota Handwriting Assessment adapted and the handwriting and graphic production on a digitizing tablet were administered before (i.e., pretest) and after (i.e., post test) the intervention program. Only the EG was submitted to the intervention program. The intervention program consisted of 27 sessions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Höll, Tanya. "The effect of a water activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of institutionalized children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome / Tanya Höll." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/248.

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Mental retardation is a heterogeneous group of disorders with countless causes. It is characterised by cognitive and functional limitations in everyday skills, for example social skills, communication skills and motor skills and can be classified in behavioural, etiological and educational systems. Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome are two of the many syndromes defined under mental retardation. The goal of this dissertation was to determine the effect of a water activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. These aims were addressed by structuring the dissertation in five chapters: Chapter one constituting the introduction and statement of the problem, Chapter 2 presenting a review of relevant literature, Chapters 3 and 4 consisting of two research articles, addressing the specific aims of the study, and Chapter 5 including the summary, conclusions and recommendations. All the children who participated in the study were intuitionalized in a school for the mentally and physically handicapped. The MABC-test was used as the main evaluation instrument, and components of the Charlop-Atwell test were used to evaluate the coordination skills of the children with Down's syndrome. The first aim of this study was to determine the effect of a specially designed water activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of children with Down's syndrome. Six children classified as having Down's syndrome, formed part of the research group. Their chronological age ranged between 9 and 14 years while their mental age classification was that of a 4 to 5 year old. The data was analysed by means Summary of descriptive statistics, and effect sizes were determined. The second aim of the study was to determine the effect of a water activity intervention programme on the motor proficiency levels of children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Six children participated in the programme. Their chronological age ranged between 7 and 17 years while their mental age classification was that of a 4 to 11 year old. Reporting the results were in the form of case studies, and effect sizes of differences were determined. With regard to the first aim of the study the results indicated that the motor proficiency levels of the experimental group with Down's syndrome improved, especially regarding the MABC-total, balance- and total body coordination skills. With reference to the second aim of the study, the results indicated that improvement in the motor proficiency levels of the children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome had a lasting effect. The MABC total, ball skills and manual dexterity were the components that showed the best improvement. It can be concluded that a water activity intervention programme is a suitable method for rectifying motor deficiencies among children with Down's syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Recommendations for the improvement of the water activity programme were presented, as well as suggestions for further studies.
Thesis (M.A. (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

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Johnsson, Gun, and SIrborn Susanne Tiger. "Vad är dyspraxi?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för individ, omvärld och lärande (IOL), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55423.

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Uppsatsen är en litteraturstudie som syftar till att definiera begreppet dyspraxi och kartlägga de faktorer som ger upphov till dyspraktiska svårigheter. I arbetet framgår hur svårigheterna manifesteras i individens vardag samt hur man på bästa sätt kan möta och stödja individer med dyspraxi. Det som framkommit av vår studie är att dyspraxibegreppet är ett mångfacetterat begrepp med olika definitioner beroende på i vilket land man befinner sig. Det är i hjärnan och nervsystemet man kan finna de bakomliggande faktorer som ger upphov till svårigheter i främst tre specifika områden nämligen: perception, motorik och sensorisk integrering. Det har visat sig att det neuropedagogiska synsättet är ett ypperligt sätt att se på individens svårigheter men även att lyfta fram individens starka sidor och potentiella utvecklingsmöjligheter. Det neoropedagogiska förhållningssätt är brett och inkluderar flera olika sätt att tänka på, närma sig, se på utveckling och lärandet. Vi har funnit flera olika tips på övningar som kan utveckla individer med dyspraxi i olika avseenden som han/hon kanske inte fullt ut behärskar. För oss har det neuropedagogiska förhållningssättet blivit en självklar del i vårt arbete.

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Lingam, Raghu. "Developmental coordination disorder : risk and resilience." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559084.

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Aim The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) on the lives of young people and identify factors that promote resilience to mental health difficulties within this population. Methods The study used a mixed methods approach. Results from the analysis of data from a longitudinal population-based birth cohort, the Avon longitudinal Study of Parents and Children {n=6,902) were synthesised with qualitative data from a purposive sample of 11 young people with clinically diagnosed DCD aged 11 to 16 years. Findings from the qualitative study highlighted areas that were important in the lives of the young people interviewed. These areas, such as the importance of friendship groups, bullying and a positive sense of self, were added to the final analytical model as explanatory mediators in the relationship between DCD and mental health difficulties. Findings In total, 123 young people (1.8% of the eligible cohort aged seven years), met all four diagnostic criteria for DCD using strict (5th centile) cut-offs (severe DCD). In addition, 346 young people met wider inclusion criteria (15th centile of a motor test and activity of daily living scales) and were defined as having moderate or severe DCD. These young people with moderate or severe DCD had increased odds of difficulties in attention, short-term memory, social communication, non-verbal skills, reading and spelling. They also had increased odds of self-reported depression, odds ratio: 2.08 (95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.36 to 3.19) and parent reported mental health difficulties, odds ratio: 4.23 (95% Cl 3.10 to 5.77) at age nine to ten years. The young people interviewed did not see themselves as disabled. Factors that increased a positive sense of self were inclusion in friendship groups, information that helped them understand their difficulties and being understood by parents and teachers. These findings were mirrored in the quantitative analysis which showed that the odds of mental health difficulties reduced after accounting for social communication difficulties, bullying, lower verbal intelligence and self-esteem. Conclusions Developmental Coordination Disorder is a common developmental disorder in childhood. The difficulties seen in these young people are complex and assessment needs to be multidisciplinary and consider neurological causes of poor motor coordination, the presence of coexisting developmental difficulties and associated mental health difficulties. Due to the high prevalence of the condition, ongoing one-to-one therapeutic interventions are not feasible. School based interventions, using therapists as trainers, working within a socio-medical model of disability, could work to promote resilience within the individual and improve the acceptance of differences in abilities within the school.

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Raleigh, Linda. "Developmental coordination disorder : a contextualised perspective." Thesis, City University London, 2013. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/2517/.

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This research project investigated the lived experience of DCD in the daily lives of young adult students. The participants were eight students aged between 19 and 22 years of age who self-reported DCD. Semi-structured interviews were utilised to capture the students’ accounts of their daily lives and the data analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Six master themes emerged that illustrated the lived experience of DCD: DCD in Transition, DCD in Functional Context, DCD in Social Context, DCD in Psychological Context, DCD and Support, and finally DCD and Young Adult – Dynamic Self. Relationships among these structural, functional, interpersonal and personal themes highlighted the embedded nature of DCD in the students’ lives. Evocative accounts of the students’ lifeworld are presented which portray the impact of DCD on the students’ academic, social and emotional lives. A particular feature that emerged of the students’ lifeworld was the impact of DCD on the students’ developing identity. It is argued that this contextualised account of DCD provides a complex and rich understanding of the impact of DCD in the students’ lives.

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Prunty, Mellissa. "Developmental coordination disorder : a focus on handwriting." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2013. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/cf651036-45bb-4ff3-9a4b-ec53c97215c8/1/.

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Background. Developmental coordination disorder (DCD), is the term used to refer to children who present with motor coordination difficulties, unexplained by a general-medical condition, intellectual disability or known neurological impairment. Difficulties with handwriting are often included in descriptions of DCD, including that provided in DSM-5 (APA, 2013). However, surprisingly few studies have examined handwriting in DCD in a systematic way. Those that are available, have been conducted outside of the UK, in alphabets other than the Latin based alphabet. In order to gain a better understanding of the nature of 'slowness' so commonly reported in children with DCD, this thesis aimed to examine the handwriting of children with DCD in detail by considering the handwriting product, the process, the child's perspective, the teacher's perspective and some popular clinical measures including strength, visual perception and force variability. Compositional quality was also evaluated to examine the impact of poor handwriting on the wider task of writing. Method. Twenty-eight 8-14 year-old children with a diagnosis of DCD participated in the study, with 28 typically developing age and gender matched controls. Participants completed the four handwriting tasks from the Detailed Assessment of Speed of Handwriting (DASH) and wrote their own name; all on a digitising writing tablet. The number of words written, speed of pen movements and the time spent pausing during the tasks were calculated. Participants were also assessed in spelling, reading, receptive vocabulary, visual perception, visual motor integration, grip strength and the quality of their composition. Results. The findings confirmed what many professionals report, that children with DCD produce less text than their peers. However, this was not due to slow movement execution, but rather a higher percentage of time spent pausing, in particular, pauses over 10 seconds. The location of the pauses within words indicated a lack of automaticity in the handwriting of children with DCD. The DCD group scored below their peers on legibility, grip strength, measures of visual perception and had poorer compositional quality. Individual data highlighted heterogeneous performance profiles in children with DCD and there was little agreement/no significant association between teacher and therapist's measures of handwriting. Conclusions. A new model incorporating handwriting within the broader context of writing was proposed as a lens through which therapists can consider handwriting in children with DCD. The model incorporates the findings from this thesis and discusses avenues for future research in this area.

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Cousins, Margaret. "The persistence of developmental coordination disorder into adulthood." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421613.

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Volman, Michiel Joannes Maria. "Rhythmic coordination dynamics in children with and without a developmental coordination disorder." [S.l. : [Groningen] : s.n.] ; [University Library Groningen] [Host], 1997. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/163776687.

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Miller, Louisa. "Comparison of motor deficits in autism spectrum disorder and developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10596.

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for disorders involving deficits in social interaction, stereotyped behaviours and communication dificulties. A growing area of research has recently focused on motor deficits in ASD, which have been noted in clinical observations and diagnostic criteria since autism was first described. However, motor deficits have traditionally carried little weight in the diagnostic procedure. Until recent changes to diagnostic criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5th edition: DSM-5), a comorbid diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD: a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting motor development) was not possible for those with ASD and motor deficits. This exclusion criterion prompted an investigation of the nature of motor deficits in ASD, questioning whether they are characteristically different from motor deficits in DCD. Previous literature suggested a possible double dissociation in the use of vision and proprioception to guide movement and perception in ASD and DCD, with a reliance on proprioception in ASD, and an over-reliance on vision in DCD. Motor deficits were first investigated by looking at high-level motor skills, and then more basic sensory processing associated with movement to investigate this possible dissociation. There was no significant difference between ASD and DCD on a standardised motor battery (Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2nd edition: MABC-2), with 70% of children with ASD showing motor difficulties within the clinical range on tasks such as timed manual dexterity tasks and balance. Similarly, children with ASD and poor motor skills were indistinguishable from children with DCD on a number of basic motor tasks manipulating visual and proprioceptive cues. These tests included spatial location matching, reaching, goal-directed movements towards proprioceptively-defined targets, and the rubber hand illusion. Children with poor motor skills with a diagnosis of either ASD or DCD seemed to either rely more heavily on visual cues, or behaved in a similar way to typically developing (TD) children. In the spatial location matching task, children with ASD and spared motor skills showed a tendency to give more weight to proprioceptive cues, however too few children with ASD and spared motor skills took part in other tasks to fully investigate cue weighting in this subgroup. Mirroring the overlap in social and motor skills in the clinical groups, a study of the relationship between perceived social and motor ability in a large sample of TD children highlighted the related nature of these developmental domains in typical development. It is concluded that motor deficits in ASD are not ASD-specific but are instead indicative of an additional diagnosis of DCD. This is supported by the recent change to diagnostic criteria.

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Klepper, Karin. "Family-centred physiotherapy for children with developmental coordination disorder /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19188.pdf.

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Woodruff, Sarah Jean. "Gait pattern classification of children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ65527.pdf.

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Rahimi-Golkhandan, Shahin. "Hot executive function in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2015. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/1ab70cd340da7484f87f73c0aa835cbe4850f854614e1e296f366c63e08a8757/15513010/Rahimi_Golkhandan_2015_Hot_executive_function_in_children_with.pdf.

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Deficits of cool executive function (EF) have been shown in children with motor problems (or Developmental Coordination Disorder—DCD), with implications for the planning of goal-directed action. However, there is little if any work on the possible link between DCD and hot EF. Given that hot EF predicts important developmental outcomes and underlie age-appropriate cognitive and social functioning, it was the broad aim of my thesis to investigate hot EF in DCD using state-of-the-art measures designed for children. EF is an umbrella term that refers to a set of neurocognitive processes involved in conscious and effortful control of thought, emotion, and behaviour. Broadly, it can be divided into cool and hot EF. Cool EF is mainly subserved by lateral prefrontal cortex (L-PFC), enlisted when one deals with abstract and decontextualised stimuli. In contrast, hot EF is linked to ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VM-PFC), active in many real-life situations that are characterised by high affective involvement; here, one needs to consider or reappraise the emotional/motivational significance of stimuli and refrain from impulsive actions...

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Astill, Sarah Louise. "Control and coordination of two-handed catching in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410710.

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Gumley, Dianne. "Behaviour and social functioning in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8470/.

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The present study investigated the behavioural profile shown by a group of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), to provide clarification of patterns of difficulties, and to examine how they relate to the diagnostic criteria of an Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Children aged between 6 and 12 years were recruited to the study from three sources: a neurodevelopmental assessment clinic, the Dyspraxia Foundation and through informal contact. Informed consent was given by 107 families. Parents completed the Movement Assessment Battery Checklist, (Henderson & Sugden 1992) the Rutter A (2) parent questionnaire (Rutter, lizard & Whitmorel970), and an adapted version of the ASSQ (Ehlers & Gillberg 1993). Children with reported motor difficulties were found to have significantly more clinical behavioural difficulties as measured by the Rutter A (2) Scales. They also had significantly higher scores on the adapted ASSQ (AASSQ) than those without motor difficulties. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between degree of motor difficulty and scores on both the behaviour questionnaire and the AASSQ. The implications for clinical management and educational support are discussed.

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Corbett, Fleur Phaedra. "Visual motion processing in typical development and developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10039362/.

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This thesis is concerned with the maturation of global motion coherence sensitivity in typical development and in Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), in relation to the dorsal stream vulnerability hypothesis. Dorsal stream vulnerability, indicated by poorer coherence sensitivity to motion relative to form, has been reported in many neurodevelopmental disorders. As dorsal stream networks underpin a cluster of visuomotor, visuospatial and oculomotor functions, in addition to motion perception, both visuomotor ability and motion coherence sensitivity were examined. Coherence sensitivity to rotational, radial and translational motions was compared with behavioural and electrophysiological techniques. Results indicated that typical adults show greatest coherence sensitivity to rotational motion, followed by radial and translational motions, and distinct patterns of coherence-sensitive visual event-related potentials for each motion. Discrimination of motion direction was better than coherent motion detection, consistent with models of the neural representation of motion coherence. In typical 6-14 year olds, coherence sensitivity to form matured earlier than to motion, with developmental trajectories converging in adulthood. Children’s coherence sensitivity matured earlier for radial motion than rotational or translational motions. These studies provide the first normative data for the maturation of coherence sensitivity to radial, rotational and translational motions and form, demonstrating asynchronous development and differential coherence sensitivity to each motion. In adults with DCD, coherence sensitivity to both motion and form was impaired relative to typical adults but adults with DCD were not selectively disadvantaged in using motion information in a visuomotor context. Young children with DCD showed a specific deficit in coherence sensitivity to motion relative to form, concordant with the dorsal stream vulnerability concept. Motor impairment correlated with motion coherence sensitivity in children with DCD. These studies showed that dorsal stream impairments could have a role in the early development of DCD, even when not evident in later development, when poor motor competency persists.

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Bonthrone, A. "Brain imaging correlates of developmental coordination disorder and associated impairments." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10047987/.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a common developmental disorder characterised by an inability to learn age appropriate complex motor skills. The first aim of this thesis was to characterise additional cognitive impairments and their relationship with motor difficulties in school aged children with DCD. The second aim was to investigate grey and white matter neuroimaging correlates of motor and cognitive deficits identified. Thirty six children aged 8-10 years who met DSM-5 criteria for DCD and an age-matched typically developing group (N=17) underwent standardised assessments of motor, intellectual, attention, speech and language skills as well as structural and diffusion-weighted MRI scans. Grey matter correlates of impairments were identified using subcortical volumetrics and surface-based analyses of cortical morphology. White matter correlates were examined using tractography and fixel-based fibre morphology of the pyramidal tracts, corpus callosum and cerebellar peduncles. Alongside impaired motor skills, children with DCD performed poorer than controls on several domains of executive function (attention and processing speed) and speech motor control. Motor skills did not correlate with impairments in other domains. Cortical thickness was significantly reduced in the left central sulcus in children with DCD compared to controls. Poor motor skills correlated with measures in left sensorimotor circuitry, posterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula. Poor speech motor control was associated with measures in the thalamus and corticobulbar tract. Poor sustained attention was linked to measures in the right superior cerebellar peduncle. Lower processing speed was associated with reduced mean cortical surface area. Children with DCD show co-occurring impairments in attention and speech motor control. DCD is associated with sensorimotor circuits as well as regions that form part of the default mode and salience networks. Disruption of subcortical circuits may underlie additional impairments. This study provides novel evidence of the neural correlates of DCD.

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Sinani, Charikleia. "Planning of actions in children with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485265.

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The overall goal of this study was to explore the nature of planning in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DeD) using non-Representational and Representational gestures and praxis imagery. This goal was addressed three core aims which were: i) to compare the nature of praxic performance between two groups of children with OeD; one selected from schools (sDCD) and another from clinics (cOCO) with typically developing age-matched children (AMC); ii) to allow a direct comparison of praxic performance between sDCD and cOCO groups and iii) to compare the nature of praxic performance between the two DCD groups with two younger typically developing groups. A number of specific objectives examined the variables that affected the outcomes. These variables were related to: i) task difficulty and scoring systems ii) the description of the categories and single errors produced in representational gestures and iii) additional factors distinguished sOCD and cDeD groups on motor and educational profile, emotional and social behaviour. Overall the assessments indicated that oeD children have a deficiency in planning, with evidence of problems in execution. Poor organization of their body in time and space predominantly characterize their problems with strong signs of spatial disorganization suggestive of mental representation and visuoperceptual problems, and perhaps memory problems. The cOCO group showed a more severe profile across measurements cqmpared to the sOCD group and comparisons with younger groups indicated developmental delay without excluding pathology that was more likely to be the case for the cOeD group.

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Mandich, Angela. "Cognitive strategies and motor performance in children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq21110.pdf.

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Pryde, Kelly M. "Sensorimotor functioning in developmental coordination disorder, a kinematic and psychometric analysis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60562.pdf.

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Lefebvre, Carole. "Prediction in ball catching by children with a developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23852.

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The purpose of this study was to determine how predicting ability in a ball catching task changes with age, and, to explore the predicting abilities of children with the developmental coordination disorder (DCD).
There were 157 children between the ages of 5 and 12 participating in the first portion of the study. Of these children, 46 were 5 to 7 years of age and served as controls, in the second portion of the study, for 40 5 to 7-year old children with DCD.
Predicting ability was tested by having the children watch a video of a boy throwing a ball to three locations around them. Each location was seen at four different viewing times for a total of 60 trials.
Results for both ANOVAs revealed that as more visual information became available, predictions were more accurate. It was also evident that at the early viewing times younger children did not predict ball flight as well as older groups. Similarly, children with DCD predicted more poorly at most viewing times compared to their non-DCD peers.
Similar results were found for gender in the analysis comparing DCD and non-DCD children. At the early time periods males predict more effectively than females.
Thus the data point to the instances where experience is a crucial factor in predicting ball flight.

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Apa, Alissa. "Ball catching strategies in children with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115990.

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The purpose was to examine the ball catching strategies of 15 children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to 15 of their peers without DCD, and 15 younger children matched on ball skills. A ball catching activity (catching 10 consecutive balls in five different positions) and the developmental sequences proposed by Haywood and Getchell (2005) were used to evaluate movement patterns. Children with DCD caught significantly fewer balls than their peers at the chest and above the head. Children with DCD demonstrated delayed arm action catching on the right and delayed body actions when balls were projected away from body compared to their peers. In addition, development of some body actions of children with DCD was different compared to younger children. Results suggested that children with DCD have not developed accurate and consistent movement patterns.

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Chow, Susanna Mei Kum. "A study of children with developmental coordination disorder in Hong Kong." Thesis, Institute of Education (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395807.

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Williams, Gareth John. "Temporal processing deficits in children with dyslexia and developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418680.

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Wright, Helen C. "The identification, assessment and management of children with developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419883.

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Alanzi, Suad Eid Farhan. "Identification of developmental coordination disorder in primary school aged Kuwaiti children." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2538.

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a heterogeneous disorder and each child may exhibit different features. Children with DCD have motor coordination impairments and their motor abilities, which are substantially below their age and intelligence levels, impact on their activities at home and/or at school. The motor impairments are not due to any medical or neurological disorder.Many studies have been conducted to investigate the prevalence of DCD in many countries but not all of them comply with the DSM-IV criteria, resulting in different prevalence estimates. Researchers that have stringently applied the four criteria of the DSM-IV when making a diagnosis have found the prevalence to be 1.8% of seven year old children (N = 6990). A further factor that appears to influence prevalence is culture, and no studies to date have investigated DCD in Kuwait.DCD is not well identified in Kuwait and children with DCD may be underdiagnosed and/or misdiagnosed with other developmental disorders such as Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Learning Disorder. Another reason may be the different labelling that has been given to DCD. In Kuwait, the term “sensory integration disorder” is more common than DCD. The overlapping and interchangeable use of terms causes disagreement in research and clinical practice in assessing and treating children with motor coordination difficulties. This thesis investigates the prevalence of DCD in a representative sample of Kuwaiti children. A secondary aim was to ascertain the knowledge of health and educational professionals.Study one investigated the prevalence of DCD in primary school-aged children (5-9 year old) in the State of Kuwait based on the DSM-IV criteria. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children – 2nd Edition (MABC-2) was administered to 297 Kuwaiti 5-9 year old children (147 boys and 150 girls) who were recruited from public and private primary mainstream schools in urban and rural areas. This was used to assess DCD Criterion A. Criterion B was assessed using the DCD Questionnaire – New Edition (DCDQ’07) which was completed by the children’s parents. In order to achieve this aim, the validity of the MABC-2 and DCDQ’07 were also examined. In addition to prevalence, the motor performance of Kuwaiti children was compared with the performance of the UK children used for the MABC-2 norms. Gender, age, and school type (private or public) were investigated. The results of study one showed that the prevalence of DCD was 5.7% which is considered high when the DSM-IV criteria are stringently applied. The construct validity of the MABC-2 revealed that the drawing item was problematic. However, after re-standardization of the drawing item the construct validity of the MABC-2 was confirmed. There were significant differences between Kuwaiti boys and girls in aiming and catching skills. Also, Kuwaiti children were significantly behind the UK children in the total score of the MABC-2, manual dexterity, and balance. The reliability of the DCDQ’07 was confirmed, however, its validity was poor.The second study used interviews to explore the DCD knowledge of educational and health professionals, and to explore the facilities available in both health and educational sectors for children with DCD. Twenty-two professionals from educational and health sectors were interviewed. The results of study two revealed that professionals from both sectors were unaware of the definition of DCD. Although professionals from the health sector were more able than the educational professionals to describe children with DCD, they were unaware of the consequences and prognosis. Facilities were not provided for children with DCD in either health or education sectors.In conclusion, our findings have emphasised the importance of complying with the DSM-IV criteria in the identification of children with DCD, and the necessity of using reliable and valid assessment tools that are suitable for different cultures.The differences in children’s motor abilities between genders and between children from different countries were task-specific that may be influenced by biological, cultural, and environmental factors. Hence, consideration should be given for these differences in assessing children’s motor ability. Individual intervention plans are required for children with DCD that should cover each child’s needs. Researchers and clinician should consider the factors that cause such differences while identifying DCD.

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Dunford, Carolyn. "Occupational therapy for children with developmental coordination disorder (dyspraxia) : outcomes and effectiveness." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2008. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55719/.

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The overall aim of this thesis is to identify methods of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of occupational therapy services to children with developmental coordination disorder and their families. A method of applying the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV diagnostic criteria for developmental coordination disorder in a clinical setting is described. This process found that the majority (69%) of referrals were inappropriate. These included children whose difficulties could not be attributed to coordination as they scored above the fifteenth percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (28%), children with general learning difficulties (21%) and other medical conditions (10%). The similarities and differences between parent, teacher and child views of the impact of developmental coordination disorder on activities of daily living are assessed. Whilst parents, teachers and children all expressed concerns about schoolwork the children's concerns give us much more information about self-care, play and leisure tasks such as dressing, using cutlery, playing sports and riding a bike. A pilot trial is conducted which reflects child and parent/carer identified goals. It also explores how to measure the effectiveness of group occupational therapy intervention using a goal- orientated approach and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure proved an effective tool when combined with other measures. The group was innovative as it was goal oriented and, rather than the usual once a week took place eight times in a two-week period. This new style group intervention appears to be successful in firstly achieving goals as 22/30 goals were met and secondly improving coordination as Movement Assessment Battery for Children scores improved significantly. These findings suggest that although this was an exploratory trial and there were therefore potential confounders such as non-blinded outcome assessment, there should be further evaluation of group occupational therapy intervention. The richness of information to show individual development and progressions is explored demonstrating that each child's and family's experience of intervention is unique. Finally combining the results of studies 1-3, current practice and the literature a model for service delivery is proposed.

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Green, Dido. "A qualitative and quantitative study of the nature of developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/214/.

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AIMS The aim was to examine the theoretical and clinical plausibility of subtypes of movement difficulty, and explore the impact subtypes and/or additional factors would have on motor development. BACKGROUND Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a chronic, often permanent condition evident from early childhood, characterised by difficulties performing a range of movement tasks that are not explainable by neurological or psychological impairments. The aetiology of the condition is unknown and various theories of motor development and impairment have been used to try and explain the variability in expression, prompting hypotheses over whether homogeneous subgroups can be identified that are consistent across populations and with distinct pathways, the identification of which would increase our understanding of the condition. HYPOTHESES i& ii) Distinguishable subtypes of perceptual and motor performance in children with DCD are comparable to those obtained in previous studies with group membership consistent across theoretical models. iii - v) Subtypes contribute differentially to maturation and treatment response whilst additional factors will also be seen to influence movement skill acquisition. DESIGN AND METHOD A mixed experimental design was used. The first study tested for the presence of specific components of motor behaviour; their interaction and influence on motor performance. A second study involved a subset of children in a cross-over intervention programme of 20 weekly therapy sessions with a 6 monthly review of movement skills and developmental progress, over a period of 2 years. Data analysis consideredw hether distinct subtypes were consistent across theoretical perspectives and, whether these or other factors influenced maturation or treatment response. RESULTS Factor and cluster analysis identified five subtypes, differentiating children on perceptual and motor performance, similar to previous sub-typing studies. A majority of children benefited from participation in group intervention. Progress was unrelated to degree of initial motor impairment or subtype although those with perceptual and severe movement problems were more likely to have persistent difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Five subtypes of DCD were identified which were not found to influence progress or response to treatment,for a smaller subset. Different theoretical perspectives did not predict similar group membership confounding nosological classification. An alternative approach to modelling coordination difficulties is recommended.

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Przysucha, Eryk. "The comparison of balance performance between boys with and without developmental coordination disorder." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ54518.pdf.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)'

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