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Academic literature on the topic 'Development of Sensors'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Development of Sensors"

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Srivastava, Pragati, Sushil Chandra, Rajeev Sonkar, Mr Sanghmitra, and Miss Ayushi. "Development of Android-Based Mobile Application Using Gyroscope Sensor." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2022.10.6.21.

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The idea of this project comes into the picture from various uses of sensors that are present in our surroundings. So, we can actually play with them by using two or more sensor mechanisms that end up as new inventions. Therefore, we are keen to look forward to one of the highly scoped and well-furnished sensors i.e., Gyroscope Sensor with an element of Light Sensor. This sensor is capable of measuring the orientation of the body and the angular velocity of the object. In our android project, we embedded the flashlight feature in the Gyro sensor’s angle alteration logic. This mechanism successfully leads to the flashlight of the camera getting ON & OFF when the device is tilted or shifted along the reference angle. This collaboration of sensors plays an important role for a device that does not have that feature.
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Guo, Yixuan, and Gaoyang Liang. "Perceptual Feedback Mechanism Sensor Technology in e-Commerce IoT Application Research." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 28, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3840103.

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With the development of sensor technology and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the trend of miniaturization of sensors has prompted the inclusion of more sensors in IoT, and the perceptual feedback mechanism among these sensors has become particularly important, thus promoting the development of multiple sensor data fusion technologies. This paper deeply analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of sensory data and the new problems faced by the processing of sensory data under the new trend of IoT, deeply studies the acquisition, storage, and query of sensory data from the sensors of IoT in e-commerce, and proposes a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensory data by combining the sensory feedback mechanism of sensors, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements and maximally meets the massive. In this paper, we propose a ubiquitous storage method for massive sensing data, which makes full use of the storage resources of IoT storage network elements to maximize the storage requirements of massive sensing data and achieve load-balanced data storage. In this paper, starting from the overall development of IoT in recent years, the weak link of intelligent information processing is reinforced based on the sensory feedback mechanism of sensor technology.
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Sun, Yifan, Dunzhu Li, Yunhong Shi, Zeena Wang, Saviour I. Okeke, Luming Yang, Wen Zhang, Zihan Zhang, Yanqi Shi, and Liwen Xiao. "Application of 3D Printing Technology in Sensor Development for Water Quality Monitoring." Sensors 23, no. 5 (February 21, 2023): 2366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052366.

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The development of sensors for water quality monitoring is crucial to protect water quality, aquatic biota and human health. Traditional sensor manufacturing methods have significant drawbacks, such as low fabrication freedom, limited material choice and expensive manufacturing cost. As a possible alternative method, 3D printing technologies are increasingly popular in sensor development due to their high versatility, fast fabrication/modification, powerful processing of different materials and ease of incorporation with other sensor systems. Surprisingly, a systematic review examining the application of 3D printing technology in water monitoring sensors has not yet been conducted. Here, we summarized the development history, market share and advantages/disadvantages of typical 3D printing techniques. Specifically focused on the 3D-printed sensor for water quality monitoring, we then reviewed the applications of 3D printing in the development of sensors’ supporting platform, cell, sensing electrode as well as all-3D-printed sensors. The fabrication materials and processing, and the sensor’s performances regarding detected parameters, response time and detection limit/sensitivity, were also compared and analyzed. Finally, the current drawbacks of 3D-printed water sensors and potential directions for future study were discussed. This review will substantially promote the understanding of 3D printing technology used in water sensor development and benefit the protection of water resources.
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Duan, Xiu Sheng, and Jing Xiao. "Research Status and Development of the Circuit System of Giant Magneto-Impedance Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 951–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.951.

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Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) sensor is a new type of magnetic sensors. Comparing with traditional sensors, GMI sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good reliability, wide measuring range and small size and is potential in resisting harsh environment. In the paper, circuit systems both in overseas and domestic researches are analyzed, shortcomings of the systems are pointed out and some improvement ideas are presented. At last, elaborate the development trends of GMI sensor's circuit system to find a practical solution for data processing technology.
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Feng, Kai-di, Zhenzhen Wang, and Yan Yang. "Development of medical imaging sensors." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 16, no. 1 (January 2020): 155014772090360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147720903607.

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This review describes sensor technologies for medical imaging. Medical imaging plays an extremely important role in medical imaging, and sensor technology affects the quality of imaging results. By analyzing the research progress of sensors used in various imaging technologies, the result that sensors applied to medical imaging will gradually achieve mutual coupling between various technologies was summed up, such as the coupling of flexible electrodes and dry electrodes, in ultrasound. Photoacoustic technology and thermoacoustic technology based on technology coupled with other technologies. In addition to the coupling between multiple technologies, sensor technology is also moving toward miniaturization, intelligence, and netting.
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Liu, Ji. "Automobile Sensor Technology Development and Application Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.704.

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This paper introduces the developing course of auto sensor and impetus, automotive electronic system in various sensors practical level, gives the best technical index, and the current sensor in the application of automotive electronic control system, and shows the development trend of the automotive sensors and the forecast, points out the development direction of modern sensor technology is integrated and intelligent, likely has a huge market share in the future several kinds of new sensors, and finally the development of the automotive sensors are described briefly and the market forecast.
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Feng, Zhigang, Qi Wang, and Katsunori Shida. "A review of self‐validating sensor technology." Sensor Review 27, no. 1 (January 30, 2007): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02602280710723488.

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PurposeTo provide an overview of self‐validating sensor technology for researchers and engineers which can help them understand the concept and recent developments of this research area.Design/methodology/approachThe concept of self‐validating (SEVA) sensors, including definition, output parameters and requirement of SEVA sensors are introduced. The differences between SEVA sensors and traditional sensors are given from which we can see many advantages of SEVA sensors. The principium of SEVA sensors is presented by the functional architecture. The research development of SEVA sensors is introduced in two aspects: research development of sensor fault diagnosis and signal reconstruction and research development of SEVA sensor hardware.FindingsSummarizes the methods for sensor fault diagnosis and signal reconstruction in the research of SEVA sensors, and the development steps of SEVA sensor hardware. Indicates the shortages and problems of current research and gives our research and ideas to solve these problems.Originality/valueThis paper provides a detailed description and research information of self‐validating sensor technology for those who want to know and research on this area.
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Syamimi, Nor, and Shuhaida Yahud. "General design criteria for neonatal temperature monitoring sensor using "smart material" conducting polymer development: A review." Applied Research and Smart Technology (ARSTech) 2, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/arstech.v2i1.185.

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Surface thermistors are being currently used in patient monitoring, including temperature monitoring among neonates. However, these thermistors are reported as being mechanically rigid. This review article aims to provide researchers with a guide to better design a flexible neonatal temperature monitoring sensor. A literature search was conducted to obtain available literature on temperature sensors with specific attention to designing flexible temperature sensors. The achievement of a flexible type thermistor for neonates requires a basic understanding of the thermistor. Also, the conducting polymer material being used and the rationale for their placement. The updated technology in thermistors should be made flexible for the ease of neonates during monitoring. Careful considerations for the design and conduct of flexible temperature sensor research as outlined in this review would help to enhance the quality and comparability of future research studies. Considerations for efficient neonatal temperature monitoring and protection include accuracy, sensor's size, weight, material, and sensor placement. Flexible sensors could be the alternative to conventional bulky and stiff temperature sensors.
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Et. al., M. Hyndhavi,. "DEVELOPMENT OF VEHICLE TRACKING USING SENSOR FUSION." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.406.

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The development of vehicle tracking using sensor fusion is presented in this paper. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are becoming more popular in recent years. These systems use sensor information for real-time control. To improve the standard and robustness, especially in the presence of environmental noises like varying lighting, weather conditions, and fusion of sensors has been the center of attention in recent studies. Faced with complex traffic conditions, the single sensor has been unable to meet the security requirements of ADAS and autonomous driving. The common environment perception sensors consist of radar, camera, and lidar which have both pros and cons. The sensor fusion is a necessary technology for autonomous driving which provides a better vision and understanding of vehicles surrounding. We mainly focus on highway scenarios that enable an autonomous car to comfortably follow other cars at various speeds while keeping a secure distance and mix the advantages of both sensors with a sensor fusion approach. The radar and vision sensor information are fused to produce robust and accurate measurements. And the experimental results indicate that the comparison of using only radar sensors and sensor fusion of both camera and radar sensors is presented in this paper. The algorithm is described along with simulation results by using MATLAB.
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Murayama, Hideaki, Kazuro Kageyama, Isamu Ohsawa, Makoto Kanai, Kiyhoshi Uzawa, and Tsuyoshi Matsuo. "Development of Smart Composite Panel with Optical Fiber Sensors." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.659.

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We have developed a novel fiber-optic vibration sensors and applied commercially available strain and temperature sensors to health monitoring of composite structures. In this study, we constructed an optical fiber network integrating four types of optical fiber sensor into a carbon reinforced plastic (CFRP) panel. These four sensors were the vibration sensor developed by our laboratory, two distributed sensors based on Brillouin and Raman backscattering and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. By dealing the data obtained from the measurement systems corresponding to these four sensors, strain/stress and temperature distributions throughout the panel can be monitored. Vibration and elastic waves transmitting on the panel are also detected at several sensing points. Furthermore, we will be able to determine damage locations and modes by processing the wave signals. To make the panel with the optical fiber sensor network more sensitive and smarter, we are developing some techniques that can improve the performance of the sensors and can assess the structural integrity by analyzing measurement results. In this paper, the development of the first generation of our smart composite panel with the optical fiber sensors is described and the techniques making the panel more sensitive and smarter are also described.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Development of Sensors"

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Doepke, Amos. "Development of electrochemical sensors and sensor systems." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337957955.

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Benton, Erin Nicole. "Development and Testing of Gold(I) and Europium(III) Based Sensors for Environmental Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505138/.

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This dissertation focuses on the development, characterization, and analysis of luminescent materials and coatings for sensing applications, including CO2, heavy metals, and silver. Chapter 2 involves the use of a gold(I) pyrazolate trimer that is able to detect silver ions with an AgNP medium. Detection of silver is vital, because there is an influx of silver into our environment caused by the increased use of AgNP. Therefore, having a sensor that is able to differentiate between and detect only Ag ions is an important first step to solving the toxicity mystery of AgNPs. Chapter 3 focuses on the development of sensor coatings containing a Eu(III) based luminescent system for sensing dissolved CO2 without the aid of an absorption-based dye. It is well-known that monitoring CO2 levels in our environment is important since even at low concentrations it can cause adverse health effects to the human body. This work demonstrates a pH-sensitive Eu complex being used directly as a CO2 sensor without the aid of any other absorption-based dye. Chapter 4 explores the idea of developing a heavy metal sensor for lead and its ability to detect lead in wide concentration range upon changing the pH of the medium and the polymer matrix. Different heavy metals have toxicity at different concentrations, therefore, being able to change the dynamic range of the sensor is advantageous. This research is the first step towards developing a luminescent Pb sensor with a tunable dynamic range.
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Jennings, Laura. "Development of versatile luminescent sensors." Thesis, Durham University, 2018. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12892/.

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Lanthanide based probes and sensors have been widely utilised over the past few decades, particularly in the study of biological processes. The favourable photoluminescent properties of the lanthanide ions and the use of functionalised macrocyclic ligands that permit tuneable excitation means there is now a plethora of examples, across the scientific literature. An azaxanthone-based chromophore has been incorporated into a cyclen ligand, and the ability of this complex to bind to proteins has been studied further, examining the possibility of personalised medicine. The complex competes with selectively chosen pharmaceutical compound in binding to the acute phase serum protein α1-AGP. This complex is one of the first examples which uses CPL to monitor a binding event. The same chromophore, as well as the azathioxanthone analogue, have been utilised further in cyclen based complexes, with the aim of binding the controversial herbicide, glyphosate. Selectivity for glyphosate against other potential competitors has been studied, testing the ability of a series of structurally related complexes to operate in a variety of media. The final chapter looks at a new family of compounds, which bear an extended chromophore and a tripicolylamine based arm. Again, these were tested for their ability to bind glyphosate selectively, in a range of media. Time-gated methodology was used to allow any unwanted organic auto-fluorescence to be removed, particularly in samples which may contain a lot of biological compounds. Following these studies, one complex was selected, testing whether the complex can be used to calculate the concentration of glyphosate in extract from spiked wheat and oat grains. This complex was able to be used over the range 0.5 to 60 micromolar of glyphosate with a limit of around 4 micromolar.
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Moulin, Armelle Michelle. "Development of microcantilever based sensors." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624225.

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Skinner, Graham A. "Development of novel optical sensors." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16863.

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Ross, Susan E. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL WAVEGUIDE SENSORS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin971364855.

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Avila, Gomez Adrian Enrique. "Development MEMS Acoustic Emission Sensors." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7392.

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The purpose of this research is to develop MEMS based acoustic emission sensors for structural health monitoring. Acoustic emission (AE) is a well-established nondestructive testing technique that is typically used to monitor for fatigue cracks in structures, leaks in pressurized systems, damages in composite materials or impacts. This technology can offer a precise evaluation of structural conditions and allow identification of imminent failures or minor failures that can be addressed by planned maintenances routines. AE causes a burst of ultrasonic energy that is measured as high frequency surface vibrations (30 kHz to 1 MHz) generated by transient elastic waves that are typically emitted from growing cracks at the interior of the structure. The AE sensor marketplace is currently dominated by bulky and expensive piezoelectric transducers that are wired to massive multichannel data acquisition systems. These systems are complex to operate with the need of signal conditioning units and near proximity pre-amplifiers for each sensor that demands a fairly complicated wiring requirements. Furthermore, due to the high prices of conventional AE sensors and associated instrumentation, and the current requirements in sensor volumes for smart transportation infrastructure, it is undeniable that new AE technology is required for affordable structural health monitoring. The new AE technology must deliver comparable performance at one or two orders of magnitude lower cost, size and weight. MEMS acoustic emission (AE) sensors technology has the potential to resolve several of these traditional sensor’s shortcomings with the advantage of possible integration of on-chip preamplifier while allowing substantially cost reduction due to the batch processing nature of MEMS technology. This study will focus on filling some of the major existing gaps between current developments in MEMS acoustic emission sensors and commercial piezoelectric sensors, such as sensor size, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), cost and the possibility to conform to sharply curved surfaces. Basically, it is proposed to develop a new class of micro-machined AE sensors or sensor arrays through strategic design of capacitive and piezoelectric MEMS sensors, which will focus on optimizing the following performance aspects: Creating geometric designs to manipulate the sensor resonant frequency and to optimize Q factor under atmospheric pressure and ambient environment. Developing a strategic selection of materials according to its acoustic impedance as insulator, structure and backing material. Developing strategies to improve the signal to noise ratio SNR with and without integrated amplification/signal processing. Performing a comparison between MEMS and commercial piezoelectric sensors.
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Andreoli, Alessandro, and Alessandro Andreoli. "Sensors and algorithms development for body sensor networks in healthcare environment." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/241961.

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La rapida diffusione e la grande popolaritá di laptops, smartphones,PDAs, dispositivi GPS e altri apparecchi elettronici nell'era post-PC, hanno alimentato la tendenza di produrre apparecchi elettronici sempre piú portatili, versatili e a buon mercato, con capacitá di calcolo sempre piú elevate. I continui progressi tecnologici hanno condotto ad un'abbondante disponibilitá di microprocessori e microcontrollori sempre piú piccoli ed economici, equipaggiati con sensori sempre piú avanzati, storage e dotati di connessione wireless. In quest' ottica si colloca l'emergere di una nuova tipologia di reti di telecomunicazioni: le Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), le quali rappresentano pienamente l'ultima tendenza della famosa legge di Moore nei confronti della miniaturizzazione e dell'ubiquitá dei dispositivi elettronici. L'integrazione di capacitá di calcolo, memorizzazione e comunicazione in dispositivi di dimensioni ridotte e a basso costo ha portato alla de finizione delle WSNs. Le reti di sensori sono state pensate come possibili strumenti per l'activity recognition in campo biomedico, i risultati di tale applicazione mostrano come questa essa sia molto e fficace nel monitoraggio della azioni di pazienti. Viene inoltre presentata un applicazione realizzata attraverso una WSN. Si tratta di un un applicazione per HRV (Heart Rate Variability). L'HRV é basata sull'analisi tempo-frequenza degli intervalli R-peak raccolti da un segnale ECG. Tale studio propone un toolkit realizzato attraverso una rete di sensori wireless per l'analisi temporale dell'HRV, chiamata SPINE-HRV (Signal Processing In Node Environment SPINE). SPINE-HRV é composto da un sistema indossabile per il monitoring dell'attivitá cardiaca in grado di raccogliere continuamente gli R-peak e un applicazione in grado di processare cosí i dati raccolti. L'analisi fatta attaverso lo SPINEHRV toolkit fornisce sette parametri ben noti in letteratura medica in grado di aiutare i cardiologi nella diagnosi relativa a diverse problematiche. Inoltre tale toolkit fornisce uno strumento automatico per rilevazione di stati di stress acuti rilevabili durante tutte le attivitá svolte quotidianamente. Nella seconda parte verrá presentata una panoramica sui media gateway in particolare sui transcoder video per gli standard di codi ca video H.263+ e H.264. L'eterogeneitá sempre piú diffusa dei dispositivi presenti all'interno della rete Internet, rende necessaria lo sviluppo di dispositivi hardware o software in grado da permettere una a dabile intercomunicazione tra tali diversi dispositivi. In particolare si mostrerá come é possibile riutilizzare i modi Intra estratti durante il processo di decodi fica per aumentare l'efficienza della codifi ca in altro standard di codi ca video. Sono stati sviluppati due algoritmi in grado di selezionare attraverso una decisore a soglia, utilizzato sia per i modi 4x4 che 16x16. Verranno presentati le prestazioni in termini di PSNR e tempi di elaborazione confrontati con quelle relative l'approccio full transcoding. Tali risultati mostrano come siano stati ottenuti signi ficativi riduzioni dei tempi computazionali pur mantenendo un livello di PSNR confrontabile con quello relativo al processo di full transcoding.
With the wide diffusion and popularity of laptops, cell-phones, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), GPS devices and other intelligent electronic in the post-PC era, computing devices have become more portable, mobile and cheap. Nowadays the electronic in uences the daily life of each man and many tasks hard to do in the past now have become reality and easy to perform thanks to the signi cant advances in technology. From this viewpoint the emergence of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is essentially the latest trend of Moore's Law toward the miniaturization and ubiquity of computing devices. Wireless sensor networks are used in order to perform activity recognition in heath care eld, the results of this application show how that it is effective in patient's actions monitoring. Moreover an application regarding Heart Rate Variability (HRV)will be presented. This work is based on the analysis of the Rpeak to R-peak intervals (RR-intervals) of the ECG signal in the time and/or frequency domains. Doctors and psychologists are increasingly recognizing the importance of HRV; in fact, a number of studies have demonstrated that patients with anxiety, phobias and posttraumatic stress disorder consistently show lower HRV,even when not exposed to a trauma related prompt. Importantly,this relationship existed independently of age, gender, trait anxiety, cardio-respiratory tness, heart rate, blood pressure and respiration rate. The SPINE-HRV is composed of a wearable heart activity monitoring system to continuously acquire the RR-intervals, and a processing application developed using the SPINE framework. The RR-intervals are processed using the SPINE framework at the base station side through a time-domain analysis of HRV. The analysis provides seven common parameters known in medical literature to help cardiologists in the diagnosis related to several heart diseases. In particular, SPINE-HRV is applied for stress detection of people during activities in their everyday life. Experimentations carried out by monitoring subjects in speci c activities have shown the effectiveness of SPINE-HRV in detecting stress. Currently few research prototypes based on BSNs exist that allow for HRV analysis. However SPINE-HRV represents the fi rst prototype using a wireless chest belt so making the system more comfortable than systems using wired electrodes or handheld devices. Furthermore, because the chest belt is a commercial product for sport and tness activities, it has been designed to be robust against body movements. SPINE-HRV is currently applied to stress detection that is computed through an effective threshold based algorithm. The experimentation of such an application has been carried out on different subjects performing different activities of the everyday life: walking, working at the PC, watching TV, sleeping, and driving. The obtained result are interesting as they show that SPINE-HRV is able to detect stress by performing only a time-domain analysis of HRV with respect to more complex computational methods based on the frequency-domain analysis. Thus, SPINE-HRV can be actually used to detect stress of human beings in real-time. Currently, we are focusing our research efforts in improving the stress analysis algorithm by introducing frequency domain features as well as comparing the obtained results to the clinical blood test for the stress hormone, which has been identi ed by the medical community as the quantitative measurement of the emotional stress level. In the second part of this thesis will be described two smart video transcoder processes in order to develop a media gateway. The aim of this network device is to bring about a conversion of the input bitstream into another one characterized by a different video codec. The codecs involved in the transcoding algorithm are the H.263+ (Annex I) and the H.264 baseline pro le. The scope of this study focuses on the possibility of reusing the Intra modes extracted from the input bitstream. Regarding H.263+ to H.264 transcoding, two different thresholds are evaluated for 4x4 blocks and 16x16 macroblocks: all the incoming modes that lead to costs over threshold are rejected and a re-estimation is performed. Otherwise, the incoming Intra mode is directly passed to the H.264 encoder. On the other hand, all the H.264 Intra modes are mapped into the H.263+ Intra modes and passed to the H.263+ encoder skipping the Intra prediction stage. Performance in terms of PSNR and elaboration time of our algorithms are compared to that of the full transcoding approach. A high correlation with PSNR scores is obtained and a significant reduction of computational burden for both transcoding processes is also achieved. The two video transcoder architectures are proposed in order to perform the H.263+ to H.264 conversion and vice versa. Referring to the rst transcoder, two adaptive thresholds are implemented. Both thresholds, used for 4x4 Intra block mode decision and 16x16 Intra block mode decision, vary according to the overall macroblock cost in order to consider the level of detail of the under-study macroblock. This solution is an innovation relating to the approaches proposed in literature based on the usage of a single xed threshold. We can assert that these algorithms represent a basis for the implementation of a low complexity fast transcoder for real-time applications thanks to the low complexity of the modi cation introduced, and also for the reduced computational burden of the entire trancoding process. In fact, we demonstrate a decrease of about 32% in the overall elaboration procedure using an arbitrary QP. The proposed platform also shows high reliability in terms of perceived quality. This is confi rmed by PSNR evaluations for fast transcoding output. PSNR differences are limited to 0.1 dB for all sequences used in the tests. So, the quality of the full transcoding output is very close to the one obtained by the fast transcoding technique. In addition, the overall increase in the bitrate is less than 12%. The H.264 to H.263+ transcoder uses a mapping between the incoming H.264 modes that is rather different to the one proposed in literature. The obtained results, using several standard sequences and QP, show that the overall quality is the same for the output bitstream obtained by the full transcoder and the proposed smart transcoder algorithm, and the bitrate increase is limited to 9% in the worst case. With this mapping it is possible to cancel the computational burden of the Intra mode prediction process. All these considerations allow us to assert that the proposed algorithm can be used in real-time transcoding architectures. Similar analysis concerning Inter frame pictures are actually under study by the authors in order to reduce the complexity of motion estimation procedure in transcoding architectures.
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Escudero, Villa Pedro Fernando. "Development of sensors based in MEMS with mechanochromic response." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671630.

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Els sensors nanomecànics han estat reportats històricament com una eina atractiva per a la biodetecció degut a la seva alta sensibilitat, alt rendiment i alta integració. La majoria dels sensors nanomecànics s’han fabricat amb tecnologia basada en silici, podent integrar milers de sensors en un sol xip. No obstant això, el desenvolupament d’aquest tipus de sistemes implica no només la fabricació de matrius de transductors mecànics, que actualment és un procés molt establert i de baix cost, sinó també l’implementació d’un sistema de lectura per llegir independentment la resposta de cada transductor. Aquesta tesi doctoral es va centrar en el desenvolupament d’un nou enfocament per a la detecció de la resposta mecànica d’una matriu de sensors mecànics mitjançant l’ús d’instrumentació senzilla. Aquest enfocament consisteix en el desenvolupament de sensors mecànics (microcantilevers i micromembranes) amb resposta mecanocròmica, és a dir, sensors mecànics que canvien el seu color intrínsecament davant l’estimulació mecànica. El desenvolupament de sensors basats en MEMS amb resposta mecanocrómica és el resultat d’una combinació efectiva de la coloració estructural produïda per xarxes de difracció o cristalls fotònics, amb el rendiment dels transductors mecànics. Els sensors mecànics amb una nanoestructura periòdica disposada en una cara del sensor, es van fabricar i caracteritzar. El color mostrat pels sensors canvia intrínsecament per l’acció d’un estímul mecànic extern (càrrega de pressió o tensió superficial) quan el transductor es deforma, i el canvi de color es recollit per un LED i una càmera RGB de baix cost. Per dur a terme aquest desenvolupament, es realitza un estudi teòric de la física de coloració estructural i de models matemàtics que descriuen el principi de funcionament del dispositiu mecanocròmic. Amb aquests elements bàsics, els materials mecanocròmics basats en dos tipus d’estructures fotòniques, xarxes de difracció 1D i acoblaments col·loïdals, són fabricats i caracteritzats per espectrometria UV-Visible, identificant els principals contribuents del canvi de color (variacions en el període de la nanoestructura i canvis en l’angle d’il·luminació de punt de vista). Aquests materials a continuació són integrats a matrius de sensors mecànics colorimètrics per ser caracteritzats per mitjà de tensió biaxial. Es fabrica, caracteritza i avalua una matriu de sensors de pressió colorimètrics basats en membranes flexibles nanoestructurades i suspeses, lliures de marcatges i d’alimentació d’energia orientat a les aplicacions optofluídiques multiplexades. La plataforma mostra una sensibilitat de 0.17 kPa-1 en la detecció de pressions pneumàtiques baixes o de fluids (en un rang entre -1 i 1 kPa) i es demostra l’idoneïtat del mètode de detecció colorimètric mesurant el canvi de color de les membranes que mostren una sensibilitat de 117 nm \/ kPa. Finalment, es realitza un estudi teòric d’un sensor nanomecrònic colorimètric de tensió superficial basat en cantilevers i es demostra la seva utilitat a la detecció de canvis conformacionals moleculars fotoinduïts. D’aquesta manera, el mètode de detecció és capaç de detectar canvis de 1° en l’escala de to (HSV), o 0.75 nm de longitud d’ona en el rang visible (400 nm a 650 nm). El desenvolupament de sensors basats en MEMS amb resposta mecanocròmica es presenta com una eina útil que compleix amb els requisits per al desenvolupament d’un dispositiu de punt d’atenció.
Los sensores nanomecánicos han sido reportados históricamente como una herramienta atractiva para la biodetección debido a su alta sensibilidad, alto rendimiento y alta integración. La mayoría de los sensores nanomecánicos se han fabricado con tecnología basada en silicio, pudiendo integrar miles de sensores en un solo chip. Sin embargo, el desarrollo de este tipo de sistemas implica no solo la fabricación de matrices de transductores mecánicos, que actualmente es un proceso muy establecido y de bajo costo, sino también la implementación de un sistema de lectura para leer independientemente la respuesta de cada transductor. Esta tesis doctoral se centró en el desarrollo de un nuevo enfoque para la detección de la respuesta mecánica de una matriz de sensores mecánicos mediante el uso de instrumentación sencilla. Este enfoque consiste en el desarrollo de sensores mecánicos (microcantilevers y micromembranas) con respuesta mecanocrómica, es decir, sensores mecánicos que cambian su color intrínsecamente ante estimulación mecánica. El desarrollo de sensores basados en MEMS con respuesta mecanocrómica es el resultado de una combinación efectiva de la coloración estructural producida por redes de difracción o cristales fotónicos, con el rendimiento de los transductores mecánicos. Los sensores mecánicos con una nanoestructura periódica dispuesta en una cara del sensor, son fabricados y caracterizados. El color mostrado por los sensores cambia intrínsecamente por la acción de un estímulo mecánico externo (carga de presión o tensión superficial) cuando el transductor se deforma, siendo el cambio de color recogido por el uso de un LED y una cámara RGB de bajo costo. Para llevar a cabo este desarrollo, se realiza un estudio teórico de la física de coloración estructural y de modelos matemáticos que describen el principio de funcionamiento del dispositivo mecanocrómico. Con estos elementos básicos, los materiales mecanocrómicos basados en dos tipos de estructuras fotónicas, redes de difracción 1D y ensamblajes coloidales, son fabricados y caracterizados por espectrometría UV-Visible, identificando los principales contribuyentes del cambio de color (variaciones en el período de la nanoestructura y cambios en el ángulo de iluminación de punto de vista). Estos materiales a continuación son integrados a matrices de sensores mecánicos colorimétricos para ser caracterizados por medio de tensión biaxial. Se fabrica, caracteriza y evalúa una matriz de sensores de presión colorimétricos basados en membranas flexibles nanoestructuradas y suspendidas, libres de marcajes y de alimentación de energía orientado a las aplicaciones optofluídicas multiplexadas. La plataforma muestra una sensibilidad de 0.17 kPa-1 en la detección de presiones neumáticas bajas o de fluidos (en un rango entre -1 y 1 kPa) y se demuestra la idoneidad del método de detección colorimétrico midiendo el cambio de color de las membranas que muestran una sensibilidad de 117 nmkPa-1. Finalmente, se realiza un estudio teórico de un sensor nanomecánico colorimétrico de tensión superficial basado en cantilevers y se demuestra su desempeño en la detección de cambios conformacionales moleculares fotoinducidos. De esta manera, el método de detección es capaz de detectar cambios de 1o en la escala de tono (HSV), o 0.75 nm de longitud de onda en el rango visible (400 nm a 650 nm). El desarrollo de sensores basados en MEMS con respuesta mecanocrómica se presenta como una herramienta útil que cumple con los requisitos para el desarrollo de un dispositivo de punto de atención.
Nanomechanical sensors have been historically reported as an attractive tool for biodetecction due to its high sensitivity, high throughput, and high integration. Most of nanomechanical sensors have been fabricated using silicon based technology being able to integrate thousands of sensors in a single chip. However, the development of this kind of systems involves not only the fabrication of arrays of mechanical transducers, which is currently a well-established and low-cost process, but also the implementation of a read-out system to independently read each transducer response. This Doctoral Thesis focused on the development of a new approach for the detection of the mechanical response of an array of mechanical sensors by using simple instrumentation. This approach consists in the development of mechanical sensors (microcantilevers and micromembranes) with mechanochromic response, i.e. mechanical sensors with an intrinsic tunable colour under mechanical stimulation. The development of sensors based in MEMS with mechanochromic response is a result of an effective combination of the structural coloration produce by diffraction gratings or photonic crystals, with the performance of mechanical transducers. Mechanical sensors with a periodical nanostructuration disposed on one face of the sensor, are fabricated and characterized. The colour displayed by the sensors change intrinsically by the action of an external mechanical stimulus (pressure load or surface stress) when the transducer deflects, being the colour change collected by the use of a LED and a low cost RGB camera. In order to carry out this development, a theoretical study of the physics of structural coloration and the mathematical models that describe the working principle of the mechanochromic device is performed. With these basics, the mechanochromic materials based on two types of photonic structures, linear 1D gratings and colloidal assemblies, are fabricated and characterized by UV-Visible spectrometry, finding the main contributors of colour change (variations in the nanostructure period and changes in the illumination and point of view angle). These materials are then integrated into arrays of coloured mechanical sensors and characterised under bi-axial strain. A label-free and power-free array of colour tunable pressure sensors based on flexible nanostructured suspended membranes is fabricated, characterized and evaluated for multiplexed optofluidics applications. The platform shows a sensitivity of 0.17 kPa^(-1) for the detection of low pneumatic or fluid pressures (in a range between -1 and 1 kPa) and the suitability of colorimetric detection method is demonstrated by measuring the membrane colour change with a sensitivity of 117 nm\/kPa. Finally, a theoretical study of a surface stress colorimetric nanomechanical sensor based in cantilevers is performed and demonstrated its performance for the detection of photo-induced molecular conformational changes. In this case, the detection method is able to detect changes of 1^o in the hue scale (HSV) or 0.75 nm for the visible band in wavelengths (400 nm to 650 nm). The development of sensors based in MEMS with mechanochromic response is presented as a useful tool that fulfils the requirements for the development of a point-of-care device, such as: high sensitivity, low-cost, high throughput, label-free, out of the shelf, disposable, multidetection, and also that does not require a sophisticated detection system.
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Moore, Charles Bruce. "The development of in vivo sensors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296869.

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Books on the topic "Development of Sensors"

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Udd, Eric. Development and evaluation of fiber optic sensors. Salem, OR: Oregon Dept. of Transportation, Research Group, 2003.

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Yu, Chen Liang, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. SiC-based gas sensors. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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McArdle, F. A. Development of enzyme based sensors for atrazine detection. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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A, Cyr M., Strange R. R, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Development of advanced high-temperature heat flux sensors. East Hartford, CT: United Technologies Corporation, Pratt & Whitney Group, Engineering Division, 1985.

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Basic sensors in iOS. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly, 2011.

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SAE, International Congress &. Exposition (1998 Detroit Mich ). Electronic engine controls 1998: Sensors, actuators, and development tools. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1998.

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Crews, Stephen T., ed. PAS Proteins: Regulators and Sensors of Development and Physiology. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0515-0.

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1952-, Crews Stephen Edgar, ed. PAS proteins: Regulators and sensors of development and physiology. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Congress & Exposition (1999 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Electronic engine controls 1999: Sensors, actuators, and development tools. Warrendale, Pa: Society of Automotive Engineers, 1999.

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Goodlet, G. The development of optical sensors based on nedox reagents. Manchester: UMIST, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Development of Sensors"

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Ludin, Anwar. "Sensors." In Learn BlackBerry 10 App Development, 281–300. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6158-2_9.

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Regtien, P. P. L. "Development and Application of Humidity Sensors." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for Advanced Robots, 383–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83410-3_18.

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Göpel, Wolfgang. "Future Trends in the Development of Gas Sensors." In Gas Sensors, 365–409. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2737-0_11.

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Yoon, Jinho, Hye Kyu Choi, Minkyu Shin, Joungpyo Lim, and Jeong-Woo Choi. "Nanobiohybrid Materials for Development of Biosensors." In Biomaterials-Based Sensors, 27–72. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8501-0_2.

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Bergveld, P. "Development and Application of Chemical Sensors in Liquids." In Sensors and Sensory Systems for Advanced Robots, 397–414. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83410-3_19.

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Basu, Samidip. "Media and Sensors." In Real World Windows 8 Development, 225–56. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5026-5_11.

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Durst, Franz. "Development of Advanced Sensors." In Energy Efficiency in Process Technology, 245–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1454-7_23.

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Zia, Asif Iqbal, and Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay. "Novel Interdigital Sensors’ Development." In Electrochemical Sensing: Carcinogens in Beverages, 39–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32655-9_3.

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Behera, Basudeba. "Development of Dual-Friction Drive Based Piezoelectric Surface Acoustic Wave Actuator." In Interdigital Sensors, 351–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62684-6_14.

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Tang, Jeff. "Location, Map, and Sensors." In Beginning Google Glass Development, 215–47. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-6787-4_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Development of Sensors"

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Seeley, Charles E., and Sai S. Sarva. "Development of a Multi-Function Sensors." In ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1319.

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Sensors are increasingly used to determine the operational and environmental state of aerospace structures while in service. Typically, each sensor is tasked with a single function. The measurement of multiple physical quantities is usually associated with multiple sensors. The number of sensors on a structure may become prohibitive due to cost, weight or power constraints. This paper investigates the development and application of a multi-functional sensor where a single sensor performs multiple functions. A flexible MFC based piezoelectric sensor is embedded in a corrugated composite plate to determine the state of stress, temperature and vibration, all from the same device. Development of the sensor and preliminary test results are discussed in detail.
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Papendorp, Sky, Olukayode Iyun, Christian Schneider, Ayse Tekes, Turaj Ashuri, and Amir Ali Amiri Moghadam. "Development of 3d Printed Soft Pneumatic Hand Motion Sensors." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94580.

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Abstract This paper reports on the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a novel 3D printed vacuum based soft sensor and its application as hand motion sensor. Soft sensors are an integral part of soft robotics as an emerging field of science that enables safe and easy human to machine interaction. The conventional sensors used to interface with humans in robotic systems are mechanically incompliant. Because of this mechanical compliance mismatch, these sensors cause unsafe interactions with humans. Recent advancements in 3D printing technology have allowed fabrication of complex geometries with soft polymers, perfect for more delicate and user-friendly sensors. While the existing soft pneumatic sensors work based on the positive pressure due to deformation, the proposed sensor in this work works based on vacuum due to deformation. In comparison with the similar positive pressure sensor, our vacuum-based sensor is much softer and has minimum interference with hand motion. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to analyze the design. Also, a kinematic model of the hand is developed using Matlab to visualize the hand motion based on the sensor data. This could show the potential application of the soft hand motion sensor in virtual reality and telehealth.
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Binger, David, Mehmet Ozgur, Michael Pedersen, Paul Sunal, Lance Oh, Roger Masse, Thomas Short, Joseph Brown, and Michael Huff. "Advanced sensor development by MNX." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5689873.

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Dzung Viet Dao, Ling-Han Li, Takeshi Hashishin, Jun Tamaki, Kyoji Shibuya, and Susumu Sugiyama. "Development of a miniaturized NO." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690604.

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Asami, Eiichi, Yasuyuki Sasaki, Hidetoshi Hisa, Yuichi Yamada, and Yoshiyuki Itoh. "Inertial Grade IFOG Development." In Optical Fiber Sensors. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofs.1996.tu36.

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Kulkarni, Mohan G., Svetlana Shafrova, and Adam J. Rinehart. "Development of Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors for Offshore Pipeline Leak Detection." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33314.

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Distributed fiber optic (FO) sensors have been used for onshore pipeline monitoring and leak detection applications. The use of FO sensors for offshore pipeline leak detection is still very new and requires developments to adapt the technology to such applications. This includes progressing the understanding of FO sensor performance for offshore leak detection, the need to develop requirements and procedures for offshore installation of pipeline and FO cable, and the need to design and develop sensor technology to cover long underwater pipelines. ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company (EMURC) has undertaken an extensive offshore pipeline leak detection research and development program. One of the key goals of the program is to develop FO sensor technology for offshore use. This paper summarizes the key findings from several technology development studies.
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Russin, Timothy, Mark Fralick, Max Kerber, Andrew Wang, and Richard Waters. "Development of a MEMS-based Raman spectrometer." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690855.

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Mazrouei, Roya, Bryan Kier, and Mohammad Shavezipur. "Development of Three-Dimensional MEMS Biochemical Sensors for Low Concentration Aqueous Solutions." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98071.

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Abstract Three-dimensional biochemical sensors are developed that can be used for chemical and biological detection in aqueous solutions and suspensions. The sensors are fabricated using a standard polycrystalline silicon process, PolyMUMPs, and can detect chemicals and biomarkers in low concentrations in near real time. The sensors made of a stack of electrodes allowing the solution to occupy the space between the layers of electrodes and have a larger interface with the electrodes. The sensors use electrochemistry impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for detection and therefore increasing the solution-electrode interface improves the sensitivity of the sensor. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed sensor design, experimental measurements are used to characterize and compare the 3D sensors with conventional 2D interdigitated sensors. Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) solution is used as the target chemical, and the 2D and 3D biochemical sensors are exposed to different concentrations of DEHP solution. An LCR meter is used to sweep the frequency and determine the impedance of the sensor-solution combination. The test results show that the three-dimensional sensors have higher sensitivity than 2D interdigitated ones verifying the advantage of the new sensor design over existing conventional sensors. The proposed sensors can also be used for detection of biological markers such as cells, proteins and enzymes in aqueous solutions.
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Dunphy, J. R., and W. H. Atkinson. "Development of Advanced Diagnostics for Turbine Disks." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-390.

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Quantitative diagnostics are essential for use during design optimization studies of turbine engine components to insure that performance goals and lifetime requirements are met. This paper addresses development and testing of sensors for diagnostic application in turbine hot sections. Technologies tested during this investigation included optical fiber static strain sensors, thin metallic film static strain sensors, advanced wire static strain sensors, thermographic phosphor temperature sensors and heat flux sensors. Reference measurements for the strain sensors were provided by speckle photogrammetry and conventional strain gages, while reference measurements for temperature sensor were provided by optical pyrometry and conventional thermocouples. Simulated engine conditions typical of a high pressure turbine disk were provided by operating a disk in a high speed spin–rig which ran to 13200 revolutions per minute and 950 K. Representative results and application issues will be provided for each sensor type.
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"Development of a MEMS-based thermal stabilization technology." In 2010 Ninth IEEE Sensors Conference (SENSORS 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2010.5690537.

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Reports on the topic "Development of Sensors"

1

Bendikov, Michael, and Thomas C. Harmon. Development of Agricultural Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7591738.bard.

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In this 1-year feasibility study, we tried polymerization of several different monomers, commercial as well as novel, specially designed and synthesized for this project in the presence of the nitrate ion to produce imprinted conductive polymers. Polymers 1 and 2 (shown below) produced a response to nitrate, but one inferior to that produced by a polypyrrole (Ppy)-based sensor (which we demonstrated prior to this study). Thus, we elected to proceed with improving the stability of the Ppy-based sensor. In order to improve stability of the Ppy-based sensor, we created a two-layer design which includes nitrate-doped Ppy as an inner layer, and nitrate-doped PEDOT as the outer layer. PEDOT is known for its high environmental stability and conductivity. This design has demonstrated promise, but is still undergoing optimization and stability testing. Previously we had failed to create nitrate-doped PEDOT in the absence of a Ppy layer. Nitrate-doped PEDOT should be very promising for sensor applications due to its high stability and exceptional sensing properties as we showed previously for sensing of perchlorate ions (by perchlorate-doped PEDOT). During this year, we have succeeded in preparing nitrate-doped PEDOT (4 below) by designing a new starting monomer (compound 3 below) for polymerization. We are currently testing this design for nitrate sensing. In parallel with the fabrication design studies, we fabricated and tested nitrate-doped Ppy sensors in a series of flow studies under laboratory and field conditions. Nitrate-doped Ppy sensors are less stable than is desirable but provide excellent nitrate sensing characteristics for the short-term experiments focusing on packaging and deployment strategies. The fabricated sensors were successfully interfaced with a commercial battery-powered self-logging (Onset Computer Hobo Datalogger) and a wireless data acquisition and transmission system (Crossbow Technologies MDA300 sensor interface and Mica2 wireless mote). In a series of flow-through experiments with water, the nitrate-doped Ppy sensors were exposed to pulses of dissolved nitrate and compared favorably with an expensive commercial sensor. In 24-hour field tests in both Merced and in Palmdale, CA agricultural soils, the sensors responded to introduced nitrate pulses, but with different dynamics relative to the larger commercial sensors. These experiments are on-going but suggest a form factor (size, shape) effect of the sensor when deployed in a porous medium such as soil. To fill the need for a miniature reference electrode, we identified and tested one commercial version (Cypress Systems, ESA Mini-reference electrode) which works well but is expensive ($190). To create an inexpensive miniature reference electrode, we are exploring the use of AgCl-coated silver wire. This electrode is not a “true” reference electrode; however, it can calibrated once versus a commercial reference electrode at the time of deployment in soil. Thus, only one commercial reference electrode would suffice to support a multiple sensor deployment.
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Moss, Mary G., Ryan E. Giedd, Kim Moeckli, and Terry Brewer. Development of Miniature Temperature Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada232964.

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Lauf, R. J. Development of Low-cost Hydrogen Sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/788511.

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Jacobs, Eddie L., David J. Russomanno, Carl Halford, and Aaron Robinson. Intelligent Network-Centric Sensors Development Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada569059.

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Taylor. L51724 Fiber Optic Pressure Sensor Development. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010368.

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Fiber optic sensors have been under development in industrial and government laboratories around the world for over a decade The commercial market for fiber sensors for measuring parameters such as temperature, displacement, and liquid level is now estimated to exceed $50 M/year Aside from the commercial interest, the U S. Department of Defense has vigorously pursued the development of fiber gyroscopes and hydrophones In spite of the high level of research and devleopment activity, however, fiber sensors were not successfully applied in the relatively harsh environment of engine combustion chambers prior to 1991. The goal of this development is to demonstrate the utilization of a new fiber optic sensor technology in engines used for natural gas transmission. Presently, there is no way to continuously measure pressure in these engines over extended periods of operation. Reliable fiber optic sensor networks supplying data to computerized control systems for on-line engine balancing could lead to major reductions in the emission of NO, and other harmful combustion products. Fuel economies in the millions of dollars per year for companies in the natural gas transmission industry could also be realized.
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Tromberg, B. J. Development of antibody-based fiber optic sensors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6279061.

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Taylor. L51755 Development and Testing of an Advanced Technology Vibration Transmission. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010124.

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Fiber optic sensors have been under development in industrial and government laboratories around the world for over a decade. The commercial market for fiber sensors for measuring parameters such as temperature, displacement, and liquid level is now estimated to exceed $100 M/year. Aside from the commercial interest, the U. S. Department of Defense has vigorously pursued the development of fiber gyroscopes and hydrophones. In spite of the high level of research and development activity, however, until recently fiber sensors had not been successfully applied in high-temperature engine environments. The goal of this effort is to develop and test high-temperature fiber optic sensors and show that they are suitable for monitoring vibration and other instabilities in gas turbine engines. The underlying technology developed during the course of PRCI projects PR- 219-9120 and PR-219-9225 during 1991-94 serves as the foundation for PR-240-9416. Transducers with the fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) configuration have been adapted for use in the turbomachinery environment.To ensure the survival of the FFPI sensors at high temperatures, two techniques for coating the fibers with metal have been developed: electroplating and vacuum deposition. Coated sensors have subsequently been embedded in aluminum and brass alloys. Experiments on a small Sargent Welch turbine engine have shown the high sensitivity of embedded FFPI strain sensors to vibration in rolling bearings. Data have been collected in both the time and frequency domain. A new accelerometer design in which a metal-coated fiber containing the FFPI element is soldered directly to a diaphragm in a stainless steel housing shows response similar to a piezoelectric accelerometer in shaker table tests. The high sensitivity of the FFPI accelerometer has been demonstrated in field tests in a Solar Centaur turbine engine, and the design has survived temperatures greater than 500�C in a test oven. A magnetometer with a physical configuration similar to that of the accelerometer has been used to measure the distance from the sensor head to a rotating shaft made of ferromagnetic material. This device, which functions as a proximity probe, has been used to monitor shaft rotation rate (keyphasor application) and as a shaft thrust position sensor. These results indicate the potential for performing critical measurements in turbine engines with FFPI sensors. They can measure acceleration, distance (proximity), strain (as it relates to bearing defect diagnosis), and gas pressure, and can operate at higher temperatures than conventional transducers.
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8

Windisch, C. F. Jr, B. B. Brenden, O. H. Koski, and R. E. Williford. Final report on the PNL program to develop an alumina sensor. Sensors Development Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187446.

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9

Ellington, Andrew. Texas Consortium for the Development of Biological Sensors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada437729.

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10

Erramilli, Shyamsunder. Development of Nanomechanical Sensors for Breast Cancer Biomarkers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442728.

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