Journal articles on the topic 'Development of local power systems'
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Matsuhashi, Ryuji. "Development of an Optimization Model to Manage Imbalances in Power Systems by Local Power Retail Companies." MATEC Web of Conferences 260 (2019): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926002003.
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The feed-in tariff (FIT) programs resulted in rapid growth of renewable power sources in various countries. In Japan, the program particularly triggered explosive growth of solar power generations because of its short lead-time and high tariff level. Although mass introduction of renewable power sources certainly contributes to reduce CO2 emissions, it causes serious instability issues in power systems. One of the most serious issues is management of imbalances resulting from forecast errors in solar power generations. These imbalances must be compensated so as to keep stable operation in power systems. On the other hand, local power retail companies are increasing nowadays in various countries including Japan. These companies are mainly procuring renewable power sources such as solar power systems.Taking these circumstances into consideration, this article aims at exploring measures to manage the imbalances of power systems by local power retail companies. For this purpose, we developed a model in mixed integer linear programming to operate power systems dealing with the imbalances. Evaluated results using the model indicated the followings; appropriate adoption of stationary or home batteries is shown to economically compensate the imbalances by local power retail companies.
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Syse, Karen Victoria Lykke. "Expert Systems, Local Knowledge and Power in Argyll, Scotland." Landscape Research 35, no. 4 (July 27, 2010): 469–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2010.486855.
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Valenti, Michael. "Local Connections." Mechanical Engineering 122, no. 07 (July 1, 2000): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2000-jul-1.
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This article discusses integration of microturbines with energy storage systems and fuel cells for the development of new applications in distributed energy generation. Williams Energy Services integrated two Capstone Model 330 microturbines and one PowerBlock energy storage system to power an oil derrick near the Denver airport. A key microturbine component is its recuperator, which transfers heat from exhaust gas to air that is sent to the combustor. Preheating combustion air reduces the fuel consumption of the microturbine and increases its overall efficiency. One hybrid microturbine power plant now in commercial service was developed by Williams Distributed Power Services of Tulsa, Oklahoma. The Williams energy conversion unit (ECU) incorporates two Model 330-kilowatt microturbines developed by Capstone Turbine Corp. of Woodland Hills, California, and the PowerBlock energy storage device developed by Powercell Corp. of Burlington, MA. The ECU provides reliable 480-volt power when the grid power to the oil field is interrupted.
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Chanhome, Anuwat, and Surachai Chaitusaney. "Development of three‐phase unbalanced power flow using local control of connected photovoltaic systems." IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering 15, no. 6 (April 8, 2020): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tee.23125.
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Nefedov, Alexander, and Vladislav Shakirov. "Decision Making Support for Selecting Structure of Generating Capacities at Development of Local Power Supply Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 114 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911401003.
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This paper considers the problem of multi-criteria option selection for the purpose of developing generating capacities for local power supply systems. The authors suggest a 2-stage method of multi-criteria analysis. At the 1st stage one conducts a multi-criteria selection of the most prospective power generation technology. At the 2nd stage one conducts a multi-criteria assessment of options for power station capacity ratio on the basis of the selected efficient technology of power generation. At the first stage the authors suggest a modified method of hierarchy analysis allowing for the decrease in the number of requests to a decision-maker (DM). At the second stage the authors use the modified method TOPSIS with the application of value functions for calculating non-linear change of the DM preferences in relation to the assessment of options by the criteria.
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Bat-Erdene, B., S. Batmunh, Nikolai Voropai, B. Bat-Undral, and E. Enhtur. "Prospects and problems of intellectualization of electric power systems in Mongolia." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020902006.
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Status and prospects of electric power systems (EPSs) development in Mongolia are presented. Directions and peculiarities of EPS intellectualization activity in centralized and local RPSs are suggested.
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Wang, Diankai, Inna Gryshova, Anush Balian, Mykola Kyzym, Tetiana Salashenko, Viktoriia Khaustova, and Olexandr Davidyuk. "Assessment of Power System Sustainability and Compromises between the Development Goals." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 16, 2022): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042236.
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Ensuring the sustainability of the European power system is one of the key priorities in the implementation of the EU’s ambitious plans to become climate-neutral by 2050. The uniqueness of the power systems of the EU member states necessitates their assessment and comparison. The article offers a composite indicator, namely, the power system sustainability index (PSS index), to assess the current level of the development of the power systems via three dimensions (social, economic, and environmental) and eight local indicators: the household electricity consumption per capita; the commercial electricity consumption per GDP; the external dependency of the power system; the energy efficiency of the generation; the capacity utilization factor; the share of organic fossil fuels; the share of renewable energy resources; and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit of primary energy source. The “energy mix” is defined as the key impact factor, which has a contradictory effect on the local power system sustainability (LPSS) indicators, which can be represented as a set of regression models. The data of the regression analysis can be used for performing a multiobjective optimization by the local indicators, and they can determine the vectors of change required to ensure the sustainability of the power system. The research results prove that it is possible to minimize the GHG emissions per unit of primary energy source and maximize the energy efficiency of generation, while reducing the capacity utilization and increasing the external dependency of the power system.
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Zhumadilov, Daniyar. "Effect of Nuclear Power Plants on Local Crop Yields." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 54, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 114–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2021.32.
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AbstractThe growing prevalence of clean energy raises the question of possible associated externalities. This article studies the effects of nuclear power plant development (and, as a result, the increased amount of water in the atmosphere from evaporative cooling systems) on nearby crop yields and finds that an average nuclear power plant increases local soybean yields by 2 and corn yields by 1 percent. Considering the low elasticity of demand for these crops, the yield increases translate to annual net benefits of $229 million (2020 US dollars) – $317 million in losses to farmers and $546 million in benefits to consumers.
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Wang, Gang, and Jian Zhong Shi. "New Non-Grid Wind Power Desalination Systems Research." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 970–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.970.
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the large-scale application of non-grid-connected wind power in sea water desalination industry has not only solved the difficulty in grid connection of wind power, but also can be an inexhaustible clean energy supply for the sea water desalination. Such application, breaking through the traditional sea water desalination technology and wind power development ideas and realizing the 100% local use of renewable energies, is a perfect combination of the new energy industry and the power consumption industry. The large-scale industrialization application of non-grid-connected wind power sea water desalination can not only maximize the efficiency of wind power and realize the unification of social benefit, environmental benefit and economic benefit, but also is of great strategic significance in accelerating the transformation of the economic development mode of China, and meanwhile, plays a leading role in the diversified development of the world wind power industry. 1. High-energy consumption factors restrict the development of sea water desalination Sea water desalination is a source-opening incremental technology for realizing the utilization of water resources, which can increase the total amount of fresh water and is not limited by time, space and climate with good water quality, and can guarantee the stable water supply of drinking water for coastal residents and industrial water supplementation. Since sea water desalination is the substitutional and incremental technology of fresh water resources, many countries are attaching more and more importance on it. With the rapid development of the economy and society of China, especially with the acceleration of urbanization, some coastal developed areas and large cities near the sea are having a greater and greater demand on water resources. In this condition, the development of sea water desalination has a great strategic significance in the supplementation of water resources in the sustainable development process of these areas[1,2].
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Prasun, Satyam Kumar, and Sanjeev Jararia. "Study On Hybrid Systems, Grid Integrated Based On Renewable Energy Systems Driving Local Loads." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 5, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v5i7.212.
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The demand for electricity power is increasing day by day, which cannot be met with the satisfied level without non-renewable energy resource. Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar are universal and ecological. These renewable energy sources are best options to fulfill the world energy demand, but unpredictable due to natural conditions. The use of the hybrid solar and wind renewable energy system like will be the best option forthe utilization these available resources. The objective of this paper is to study the various aspects of hybrid solar and wind system. The application and different theories related to the development of hybrid also discussed in this paper.
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Subrahmanyam, J. B. V., P. Alluvada, Bandana, K. Bhanupriya, and C. Shashidhar. "Renewable Energy Systems: Development and Perspectives of a Hybrid Solar-Wind System." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 2, no. 1 (February 13, 2012): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.104.
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Considering the intermittent natural energy resources and the seasonal un-balance, a phtovoltaic-wind hybrid electrical power supply system was developed to accommodate remote locations where a conventional grid connection is inconvenient or expensive. However, the hybrid system can also be applied with grid connection and owners are allowed to sell excessive power back to the electric utility. The proposed set-up consists of a photo-voltaic solar-cell array, a mast mounted wind generator, lead-acid storage batteries, an inverter unit to convert DC to AC, electrical lighting loads, electrical heating loads, several fuse and junction boxes and associated wiring, and test instruments for measuring voltages, currents, power factors, and harmonic contamination data throughout the system. The proposed hybrid solar-wind power generating system can be extensively used to illustrate electrical concepts in hands-on laboratories and also for demonstrations in the Industrial Technology curriculum. This paper describes an analysis of local PV-wind hybrid systems for supplying electricity to a private house, farmhouse or small company with electrical power depending on the site needs. The major system components, work principle and specific working condition are presented.
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Suzuki, Mamoru, Ken Yanagihashi, Kazuhiro Tomizawa, Tadahiro Gouda, and Hideharu Oshida. "Development of an on-line stabilization method for local power systems with large-capacity generation plants." Electrical Engineering in Japan 112, no. 1 (1992): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.4391120104.
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Carr, David, and Kenneth Starcher. "Small Wind Power Considerations." Journal of Green Building 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.2.1.
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Wind energy can be a supplemental source of energy to an electric grid or the complete power supply for an isolated source. It produces no waste particulate matter, uses no water for cooling, and contributes no green house gasses to the environment. A short description of the Alternative Energy Institute, at West Texas A&M University, and the basics of wind energy as well as some discussion of home scale wind systems are presented here. The uses of wind energy and many of the basic concerns and considerations of placing wind energy conversion systems on or near primary structures are discussed. The basic plan for a renewable energy system inclusion into a home or building is shown; it is always preferable to reduce the energy load and ensure that the structure will use energy as efficiently as possible before a system is designed. Current federal support for renewables is at a new high, and the source for local and regional description of programs is shown.
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Yaroshenko, I. V., and I. B. Semigulina. "Global Trends in Public Management of Territorial Development in the Context of Decentralization of Power." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-96-103.
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The progressive development of each country is the result of an effective management system at all levels of economic administration. Of particular importance is regional (territorial) development, due to the growing role of public regional management, the formation of local self-government, the influence of public organization of power on the socio-economic development of territories. In the context of activation of processes of decentralization of power, public management, transfer into the regions of certain powers to local authorities and increased responsibility for their activities significantly expands the socio-economic status of certain territories (regions, communities), the issues of development and stimulation, availability of effective mechanisms and instruments for socio-economic development of region (territories, communities, etc.) are becoming relevant. The existence of regional development problems in Ukraine with clear signs of increasing disparities of socio-economic indicators, increasing the number of problematic and backward territories, exacerbation of interregional socio-political tensions necessitates studying the world experience of functioning and development of territorial socio-economic systems and opportunities for the use of best practices for the formation of their own regional policy on the basis of effective management of territorial development in the conditions of decentralization of power. Changes in the legislation of Ukraine in terms of decentralization of power should concern the consolidation of the constitutional basis of local self-government, determination of its system and functioning with further detailed legislative regulation. This, on the one hand, will ensure the constitutional guarantee of local self-government, on the other hand – will provide a legal framework for its further development and improvement.
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Yaroshenko, I. V., and I. B. Semigulina. "Global Trends in Public Management of Territorial Development in the Context of Decentralization of Power." Business Inform 11, no. 514 (2020): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-11-96-103.
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The progressive development of each country is the result of an effective management system at all levels of economic administration. Of particular importance is regional (territorial) development, due to the growing role of public regional management, the formation of local self-government, the influence of public organization of power on the socio-economic development of territories. In the context of activation of processes of decentralization of power, public management, transfer into the regions of certain powers to local authorities and increased responsibility for their activities significantly expands the socio-economic status of certain territories (regions, communities), the issues of development and stimulation, availability of effective mechanisms and instruments for socio-economic development of region (territories, communities, etc.) are becoming relevant. The existence of regional development problems in Ukraine with clear signs of increasing disparities of socio-economic indicators, increasing the number of problematic and backward territories, exacerbation of interregional socio-political tensions necessitates studying the world experience of functioning and development of territorial socio-economic systems and opportunities for the use of best practices for the formation of their own regional policy on the basis of effective management of territorial development in the conditions of decentralization of power. Changes in the legislation of Ukraine in terms of decentralization of power should concern the consolidation of the constitutional basis of local self-government, determination of its system and functioning with further detailed legislative regulation. This, on the one hand, will ensure the constitutional guarantee of local self-government, on the other hand – will provide a legal framework for its further development and improvement.
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Bereketeab, Redie. "Re-examining Local Governance in Eritrea: The Redrawing of Administration Regions." African and Asian Studies 11, no. 1-2 (2012): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921012x629312.
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Abstract Abstract The post-independence government of Eritrea introduced Proclamation 86/1996 to redraw the administrative structure of the newly independent territory. The principle behind the redrawing was pronounced to be to serve decentralised governance system where considerable power is devolved to the regions. According to this principle the regions were provided with legislative, executive and judiciary bodies of local governance. Further the regions were also to be divided into sub-regions and village/area units with provisions of legislative, executive and judiciary organs that would enhance the local governing system where the local communities are provided both legally and practically the autonomy to run their political, economic, social and cultural life with less central interference. In practice however the governance system that was introduced following independence proved to be highly centralised. This became glaringly obvious following the outbreak of the second war (1998-2000) between Eritrea and Ethiopia. The paper critically re-examines local governance in Eritrea. It examines the various stages of redrawing of the regions over the historical trajectory of the making of Eritrea until the redrawing following independence. It examines the corresponding power structures and local governance systems. It also examines the modality of the redrawing and the political intentionality behind it. Through text interpretation and analysis the paper examines the connection between local governance and decentralisation. The paper draws the conclusion that the legal mechanism put in place and the discretionary power arrangement between the executive and legislative bodies could not provide ample space for local governance.
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Valery, Stennikov, Penkovsky Andrey, and Postnikov Ivan. "Hybrid power source based on heat and wind power plants." MATEC Web of Conferences 212 (2018): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821202002.
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The technology of use of electric power of the wind power plants for direct replacement of fuel in the thermal cycles of the heat power plants is offered in the paper. The technology avoids solving the problems of ensuring the quality of electricity and the operational redundancy of the wind power in the power systems, as well as permits combining the achievements of traditional (gas turbine and steam and gas technologies, combined-cycle technologies and heating) and non-traditional renewable energy. The energy and environmental effects from the application of the proposed technology are shown, the technological advantages of the proposed schemes are considered, providing them with a wide scope of practical use both in local and in large power systems. The implementation and development of the proposed technology will allow extending and expanding business for manufacturers of steam turbine and gas turbine equipment, including the transition to the hydrogen power. The proposed technologies are protected by the patent.
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Luke, Timothy W. "Placing Power/Siting Space: The Politics of Global and Local in the New World Order." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 12, no. 5 (October 1994): 613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d120613.
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The logic of drawing political borders and defining national territory in space as it has been articulated by the theory of political realism is questioned in this paper. At the same time, the dynamics of globalization operating in high-technology informational production systems as well as media-intensive mass consumption systems are reexamined in order to reconsider their impact on local cultural and social environments. It is concluded that new understandings of territoriality are developing in such informationalized spaces, posing new challenges to those providing security, identity, and stability to contemporary communities experiencing the impact of globalization.
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USACHEVA, IRINA V., LARISA V. PONOMAREVA, and VERONIKA V. ANTONENKO. "MICROGRIDS FOR LOCAL POWER SUPPLY TO DECENTRALIZED CONSUMERS: A REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 229, no. 3 (2021): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2021-229-3-167-184.
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Local microgrids implemented in existing power grids are an effective solution to the problem of providing power to decentralized consumers. Due to the high penetration of distributed energy resources into power systems, microgrids demonstrate enormous advantages of providing efficient and reliable distribution networks with high flexibility and reliability. However, their implementation is complex, and institutional changes are needed to unlock their full potential. The purpose of this article is to review the existing literature and analyze institutional changes affecting the development of local microgrids.
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Akonwi Nebasifu, Ayonghe, and Ngoindong Majory Atong. "Rethinking Institutional Knowledge for Community Participation in Co-Management." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 5788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205788.
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Critics of participation often examine the undesirable consequences of state-led systems without much analysis of institutional knowledge at the local level. In this paper, we investigate whether smaller institutions could offer useful knowledge for meeting the development needs of local people. Using participation theory and related literature on development and power, we investigate a co-management system in communities around Mount Cameroon National Park (MCNP), in sub-Saharan West Africa. Our study adopts a multimethod approach to survey officials in 16 agencies and locals in 17 village groups. The findings indicate factors that hinder the effectiveness of local participation and avenues by which institutional knowledge can be customized to meet local development priorities. This system of participation, we conclude, could work better through open dialogue that is explicitly accountable and transparent.
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Mahmoud, Magdi S., and Abdulla Ismail. "Passivity and passivation of interconnected time-delay models of reheat power systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2006 (2006): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mpe/2006/90416.
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This paper investigates the problems of delay-dependent passivity and passivation of a class of linear interconnected time-delay systems with particular emphasis on multiarea reheat power systems. This class contains state delay in the dynamics and observation at the subsystem (local) level. A new state transformation is developed to exhibit the delay dependence in the system dynamics and a less conservative passivity-bounding inequality is incorporated. Through the analytical development, it is established that the passivity condition can be cast in a linear matrix inequality (LMI) format at the subsystem level thereby facilitating decentralized passivity analysis. For state-feedback passivation, it is proven that it is indifferent to use instantaneous or delayed decentralized state feedback. The case of dynamic output-feedback passivation is also treated. The analytical developments are simulated to a typical multiarea power system and the ensuing results show satisfactory performance.
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Chen, Hong Xia. "Transition of Land Finance and Sustainable Development: A Theoretical Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 616-618 (December 2012): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.616-618.1267.
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Land finance pushed up house prices, fueled the real estate speculation, caused the local government financial risk, and buried the hidden danger in macro economic stability. This situation must be reformed. The research method is literature analysis. The result shows: in order to lessen the negative effects of land finance, we should deepen and perfect the reform of fiscal and taxation systems, divide financial power and responsibility reasonably, look for alternative sources of revenue actively, and reform tax system. At the same time, it must be done to change land assets management mode, break the local government’s monopoly of the land, and thus eliminate the local government impulse of selling land to raise funds.
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Honarmand, Mohammad Esmaeil, Vahid Hosseinnezhad, Barry Hayes, and Pierluigi Siano. "Local Energy Trading in Future Distribution Systems." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113110.
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Today, the pace of development of decentralized transactive management systems has increased significantly due to growing renewable energy source technologies and communication infrastructure at the distribution system level. Such bilateral energy transactions have changed the structure of electricity markets and led to the emergence of a local energy market in electricity distribution. While examining this change of attitude, this paper analyzes the effects of local market formation on the performance and performance of distribution companies. Accordingly, the technical requirements in the three areas of operation, network control, and ICT in the new workspace are thoroughly examined. The hardware requirements will be presented in two parts for the end-user and the distribution systems. Then, the proposed local distribution market framework will be introduced, and finally, the conclusion will be presented.
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Lezhnyuk, Petro, Iryna Hunko, Juliya Malogulko, Iryna Kotylko, and Lіudmyla Krot. "MODELING OF COMPATIBLE WORK OF DISTRIBUTED POWER SOURCES OF ELECTRIC POWER AND CENTRALISED POWER SUPPLY." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 2 (12) (2018): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-2(12)-189-195.
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Urgency of the research. Current trends of distributed generation development in Ukraine indicate a rapid generation in-crease from renewable energy plants. Most developed countries gradually refuse from the fossil fuels use and invest more and more to the “green” energy. Therefore, there is a need for a detailed study of the operation conditions of distributed energy sources due to their instability, as well as the processes that arise in distribution electric networks with diverse types of distributed energy sources. Target setting. In the producing process of power energy by distributed energy sources due to the increase in their num-ber, there are situations where several renewable sources of energy operate to only one system of buses. Thus, such distributive networks acquire the features of a local power system, which complicates the control process of such systems, and also there is a problem with the electricity supply of consumers. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The analysis of publications suggests that in literature more attention is paid to studying the operating modes of solar power plants, or small hydroelectric power plants. However, almost no attention was paid to the study of their cooperation work. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Only a few works are devoted to the study of the cooperation of the diverce sources of distributed energy sources in the local electrical systems. That is why, their impact on power distribution networks and on the grid in general has not been studied extensively. The research objective. In this article was considered the influence of asynchronous generators on small hydroelectric power plants on the operation modes of distribution electrical networks, and were investigated the processes that are occurring in local power systems with different types of distributed energy sources. The statement of basic materials. Based on the research results, was developed a computer model of a such system in the PS CAD software environment. Two solar stations and one small hydroelectric power station with an asynchronous generator were connected to the power supply. It was shown the simulation of two modes of operation: a joint operation of a small hydroelectric power station, two solar power stations and a power supply center; a joint operation of a small hydroelectric pow-er plant, two solar power stations and a power supply disconnected. Conclusions. As a result of computer simulation, it is shown that by switching on a small hydroelectric power plant with an asynchronous generator in the case of an emergency shutdown of centralized power supply, it is possible to restore the work of solar power plants, and thus partially or completely restore the power supply of consumers.
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Lan, Zhouxin, Qing He, Hongzan Jiao, and Liu Yang. "An Improved Equilibrium Optimizer for Solving Optimal Power Flow Problem." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2022): 4992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14094992.
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With the rapid development of the economy, the quality of power systems has assumed an increasingly prominent influence on people’s daily lives. In this paper, an improved equilibrium optimizer (IEO) is proposed to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The algorithm uses the chaotic equilibrium pool to enhance the information interaction between individuals. In addition, a nonlinear dynamic generation mechanism is introduced to balance the global search and local development capabilities. At the same time, the improved algorithm uses the golden sine strategy to update the individual position and enhance the ability of the algorithm to jump out of local optimums. Sixteen benchmark test functions, Wilcoxon rank sum test and 30 CEC2014 complex test function optimization results show that the improved algorithm has better global searching ability than the basic equilibrium optimizer, as well as faster convergence and a more accurate solution than other improved equilibrium optimizers and metaheuristic algorithms. Finally, the improved algorithm is applied to the standard IEEE 30-bus test systems for different objectives. The obtained results demonstrate that the improved algorithm has better solutions than other algorithms in the literature for solving the optimal power flow problem.
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Vodyannikov, Vladimir T., Elena V. Кhudyakova, Marat M. Nizamutdinov, Asiyа K. Subaeva, and Ilnur N. Safiullin. "Technical and Economic Assessment of Local Power Supply Systems for Agro-Industrial Production in the Digital Economy." BIO Web of Conferences 37 (2021): 00132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213700132.
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Energy and energy supply development determines the rate of production intensification, including agricultural production. The current state of rural power supply is characterized by a high degree of deterioration of electrical equipment, long distance overhead power lines, low reliability of low-voltage electrical networks, and a higher accident rate. With an aim of ensuring food security and export orientation of the industry for the next 5 years, it is necessary to implement a set of measures to improve the efficiency of energy supply to agricultural production. This task will be hampered by a constant rise in prices and tariffs for energy resources. Thus, over the last 20 years, energy costs have increased from 3-5 % to 30-40 % in agricultural production. The specific capital investment (per 1 kW of power) and the cost of 1 kWh of electricity were reported to depend on a type of local energy source and its capacity. The paper proposes a method for marking out the economic boundaries of the effective use of local power supply arrangements to replace a standard central station. A power gen-set supplying energy to an agricultural holding is capable of operating in two modes subsequent upon utility (central station) electricity – autonomous and parallel. The authors compared the cost of electrical and thermal energy produced by the power gen-set and tariffs for these types of energy. Calculations have shown that it is advisable for an agricultural holding to have a local power supply system being a power gen-set based on gas engine-generators.
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Anadon, Laura Diaz, Gabriel Chan, Alicia G. Harley, Kira Matus, Suerie Moon, Sharmila L. Murthy, and William C. Clark. "Making technological innovation work for sustainable development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 35 (August 12, 2016): 9682–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1525004113.
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This paper presents insights and action proposals to better harness technological innovation for sustainable development. We begin with three key insights from scholarship and practice. First, technological innovation processes do not follow a set sequence but rather emerge from complex adaptive systems involving many actors and institutions operating simultaneously from local to global scales. Barriers arise at all stages of innovation, from the invention of a technology through its selection, production, adaptation, adoption, and retirement. Second, learning from past efforts to mobilize innovation for sustainable development can be greatly improved through structured cross-sectoral comparisons that recognize the socio-technical nature of innovation systems. Third, current institutions (rules, norms, and incentives) shaping technological innovation are often not aligned toward the goals of sustainable development because impoverished, marginalized, and unborn populations too often lack the economic and political power to shape innovation systems to meet their needs. However, these institutions can be reformed, and many actors have the power to do so through research, advocacy, training, convening, policymaking, and financing. We conclude with three practice-oriented recommendations to further realize the potential of innovation for sustainable development: (i) channels for regularized learning across domains of practice should be established; (ii) measures that systematically take into account the interests of underserved populations throughout the innovation process should be developed; and (iii) institutions should be reformed to reorient innovation systems toward sustainable development and ensure that all innovation stages and scales are considered at the outset.
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Sowa, Sławomir. "Efficiency of the RES Hybrid Microinstallations Working in Energy Clusters." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032803016.
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The energy sector is constantly changing. Electromobility, improvement of energy efficiency, smart cities these are just some of the challenges that the present power industry is facing. The main goal for the power industry is to ensure the energy security of its customers, to develop low-community technologies which are mainly based on renewable energy sources and local raw materials. The transition from a centralized energy sector based mainly on conventional power plants to a distributed energy sector requires constant control and management of the generation and demand for energy. One of the solution existing since 2016 are energy clusters. The concept of their functioning is based on the civil-law agreement of locally operating entities that produce, sell, store and consume electricity, heat and cold. The main purpose of introducing energy clusters is the development of distributed energy. Energy clusters ensure the improvement of local energy security with relatively low outlays and low environmental impact. Technological development and installations based on renewable energy sources make energy clusters a beneficial and cost-effective solution for local energy sector. The article presents the idea of energy clusters functioning, and describes the current status of development. It also includes the hybrid systems characteristics of RES systems as an effective source of energy. The conclusion includes the legitimacy of the energy cluster development based on RES installations.
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Schröder, Nadine Jenny Shirin. "IWRM through WFD Implementation? Drivers for Integration in Polycentric Water Governance Systems." Water 11, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051063.
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This paper uses an empirical approach to explore what motivates the adoption of integrated water resources management (IWRM). The study compares cases of local implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) from five German federal states representing various types of local policy addressees. Data were collected using policy analysis methods, including participatory observation and interviews with planners who had implemented WFD measures and conducted integration attempts of various types throughout the planning processes. The planning narratives on integration were analysed iteratively and its characteristics, drivers, and hampering factors were identified. It was found that policy addressees attempt integration due to the incentives for reaching their goals rather than according to their paradigms. Depending on the power relations, incentives result in the integration of different actors during different planning phases. The findings suggest that in order to strategically induce integration, it would be necessary to enhance the incentives based on a detailed knowledge of power relations. The WFD as a general regulatory framework was found not to be a driver for local integration, but the WFD did induce increased integrated management through setting goals.
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Mehmed-Hamza, M. E., A. B. Filipov, and M. D. Ivanova. "Types of smart systems and their application in power grids." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1216, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1216/1/012003.
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Abstract With the development of modern technologies, opportunities for an exchange of the increasing amount of information at ever higher speeds are created. The use of smart systems in electric power engineering creates conditions for improving the systems for monitoring, archiving, analysis and management. It is necessary to collect the basic information about the emergency modes automatically for analysis of the operation of the equipment and the parameters of the regimes in the power grids. The main questions to be decided are: what type of information is needed, how to use this information and at what are the different access levels, what should be the systems - local or global, how to exchange data. Smart systems for power grids and switchgears have been developed on a modular basis by almost all global manufacturers, as well as by many companies on individual assignments. The publication discusses the existing types of smart systems and the data they process. Suggestions have been made for the volume and structure of data that are needed for the analysis process.
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Karp, I. M., Y. Y. Nikitin, and K. Y. Pyanykh. "RENEWABLE SOURCES IN THE ENERGY SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF UKRAINIAN CITIES." Tekhnichna Elektrodynamika 2021, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/techned2021.01.040.
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70% of the population of Ukraine lives in cities. Electric energy supply of cities with dense buildings is provided mainly from centralized generation sources: TPPs, CHPs, NPPs, RES, and heat energy - from CHPs and gas boilers. Possibilities of energy self-sufficiency of Ukrainian cities based on use of alternative and local energy sources are analyzed. There is a global trend of increasing share of RES in cities energy supply, especially in cities and districts with cottage development. Providing cities with their own energy resources can be achieved through integrated use of renewable and local sources. Production of electricity from renewable sources in terms of return on investment EROI and normalized energy cost over life cycle of LCOE generation source is close to traditional sources indicators. Examples of RES usage to meet energy needs of houses and settlements in Europe are given. High cost of renewable energy stimulates development of this area in Ukraine. Efficiency of renewable and local sources usage in buildings is achieved only with simultaneous introduction of energy saving measures - insulation of buildings, introduction of energy control systems. References 14.
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De Lima Saraiva, Bruno Miguel. "Local and regional power: its role in European Integration and the protection of the rule of law." UNIO – EU Law Journal 7, no. 1 (October 6, 2021): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.7.1.3573.
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A failure in administrative approximation, as established by the EU Treaties, tends towards the perpetuation of systems that keep an organisational statu quo favorable to the stagnation of European integration by limiting its spread beyond urban areas to rural areas. The phenomena of asymmetric economic development within Member States, in turn, allows for the maintenance of this organisational and integrative inertia in highly centralised Member States, serving as a one of the engines for the development of anti-EU sentiment and vote. In this sense the reasoning behind the establishment of local and regional power as a constitutional bulwark against the development of an illiberal or authoritarian list, especially in young democracies, becomes especially important when framed in context with the growth of authoritarian anti-EU movements throughout Europe. This growth, finding an eager bulwark in rural areas, is not coincidental and might be attributed to the distance from the decision-making process that local and regional government struggle with, combined with economic stagnation and difficulties in the use of resources and opportunities that are theoretically afforded by EU membership, leads to the development of anti-EU sentiment, offering political support and democratic legitimacy to projects which oppose the EU and prove detrimental to democratic systems. This paper therefore posits that to safeguard the development of the greater European project and democracy within Member States, there must be an expansion of the very same principles that govern the interactions between Member States and the EU to the subnational level, with a special focus on subsidiarity.
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Pálné Kovács, Ilona. "Centralization and the development potential of peripheral areas." Tér és Társadalom 35, no. 4 (December 6, 2021): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17649/tet.35.4.3372.
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Asymmetrical power relations between centre and periphery have been analysed for decades by scholars, who pointed out the cumulative advantages of centres and the social, political and economic disadvantages of the dependent peripheries. The common element of centre periphery theories with a multidisciplinary approach is that the centre tends to keep the periphery dependent by draining its resources. At the same time, the positive mission of the centre is to provide services and job opportunities for the periphery, to accelerate its modernization and catching up and to act as a mediator towards the dynamizing networks. Developmental disadvantages of peripheries have sparked academic interest by asking whether and how disadvantages in power and space can be compensated for. In order to answer this question, this paper analyses the role of the state, the central government in shaping the centre-periphery relationship. In systems that are based on centralized redistribution and subsidies, the fate of both the periphery and the centre depends on their ‘designated’ place, which is determined by a public planning process at best, and by personal, informal power assertion situations at worst. We have much less knowledge about whether the peripheries’ own local activity can change this pre-assigned position and the disadvantages caused by peripherality, and if so, what governance conditions and public policy interventions are necessary to achieve this. The issue is particularly topical in light of the fact that in Hungary the relationship between the central government and local governments has become particularly controversial over the past decade. Local governments are steadily losing their position and resources. It is clear that peripheral municipalities have the narrowest room for manoeuvre, as they are unable to mobilise their own resources and are far from development and power centres. While the government has announced an ambitious rural development strategy, resource-strapped municipalities are unable to act as real partners. The theoretical part of the study draws on analyses employed by the EU-funded RELOCAL project while the empirical study relies on the first findings of an ongoing research programme funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office. The theoretical chapters review the main findings of different disciplines that analyse the peripheral situation and centre periphery relations from the perspective of the power-institutional context. The empirical chapters present preliminary empirical research results of an ongoing research project. So far findings have only partially highlighted correlations between power position and development trajectories. This has drawn our attention to aspects that were previously ignored, and which will influence the direction of further research. In light of data on local government elections in the county understudy, it seems that voter behaviour is not necessarily determined by the ‘losing’ or ‘winning’ position of a settlement or region. There is no significant divergence from national trends: opposition-led municipalities are a few (besides the county capital), and in particular in small municipalities, multiple re-election of leaders is common. Contrary to our preliminary assumptions, the majority of respondents belonging to the local elite consider local visibility and personal qualities more important than connections with higher levels of government in spite of their perception that the majority of development funding comes from national and EU sources. These results of course require further interpretation. It seems that people's political sensitivity is less dependent on the territorial location and the &success! of the municipality. It is also possible that the role of information transfer, communication, political socialisation and local networks is more important than local, personal and existential circumstances.
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Oricha, Joseph Y., and Ajayi Samuel Taiwo. "The Possibility of Incorporating Power Sector with Financial Institutions in Nigeria." Advanced Materials Research 824 (September 2013): 532–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.824.532.
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Financial sources are paramount in power projects planning and development. Many countries adopted various approaches in looking for financial funds for power projects development and it was discovered that concessional lending and borrowing cannot be relied on due to some peculiarities involved in power sector. Power sector, naturally is not attractive to both local and foreign investors, while financial sectors are highly attractive to investors. Incorporating power sector with financial institutions in Nigeria will reduce the acute shortage of funds for power infrastructure development and upgrading. Electricity price risk and uncertainty discourage investors. Through incorporation, financial hedging can use markets such as forward or futures to manage price risk. This paper highlight the complexity nature of power systems operation and analyze the possibility of incorporating the sector with financial institutions.
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Kianfar, Amir Ehsan, Fabian Uth, Ralph Baltes, and Elisabeth Clausen. "Development of a Robust Ultra-Wideband Module for Underground Positioning and Collision Avoidance." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37, no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 1821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00279-6.
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AbstractAs indoor positioning provides particular challenges due to the unavailability of GPS signals, various systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB), radio frequency identification (RFID), ultrasound, and wireless local area network (WLAN) have been proposed in recent years. Some of these technologies are currently being marketed and some are still being developed. UWB technology allows for higher precision while also reducing power consumption. Hence, the underground automation and localization systems can use this technology for more accuracy and robustness. This article discusses new robust UWB modules used for underground positioning and collision avoidance with regard to human safety in underground mining operations.
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De Rosa, Marcello, Massimo Sabbatini, and Massimo Spigola. "Network analyses to catch rural complexity." Journal on Chain and Network Science 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2008.x090.
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This paper introduces a network analysis aimed at analysing the local actors' degree of participation in performing rural development. Recent rural development policies designed an integrated model of development which promotes strong participation and relationships among local actors. This so-called 'bottom-up' approach hands over to local actors the responsibility for planning their own development: Local Action Groups, working within the European Community LEADER initiative are delegated to plan local development. The design of these plans is strongly affected by the asymmetric distribution of power among potentially involved organisations. In our opinion network analyses are particularly suitable for examining the quality of ties in rural areas and the degree of participation of all actors in building rural development strategies.
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Klagge, Britta, Clemens Greiner, David Greven, and Chigozie Nweke-Eze. "Cross-Scale Linkages of Centralized Electricity Generation: Geothermal Development and Investor–Community Relations in Kenya." Politics and Governance 8, no. 3 (September 11, 2020): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v8i3.2981.
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Based on a study of Kenya’s geothermal-energy development in Baringo-Silali, we explore how and with whom government actors and local communities in rural and peripheral areas interact when planning and implementing large-scale power plants. Starting from a comparison of decentralized and centralized energy systems, we demonstrate that the development of this large-scale infrastructure project and the associated investor-community relations are governed by various cross-scale linkages. To this end, we adapt the concept of cross-scale linkages from the literature on natural-resource governance to explore actors, rules, and practices at local, regional, national, and international levels.
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Sun, Deniz, Luis Olmos, and Michel Rivier. "Considering Local Air Pollution in the Benefit Assessment and Cost Allocation of Cross Border Transmission Projects." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061426.
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Developing a regional power system to achieve a high level of integration of national systems requires sufficient development of the regional transmission grid. This is possible only with appropriate schemes for the complete cost–benefit analyses, and cost allocation of these transmission investments, which plays a critical role in the selection of the most efficient network investment and the proper assignment of their cost to the national systems. Network reinforcements affect the operation of power systems and, therefore, the externalities of power generation. This paper examines the impacts of integrating local air pollution damage from power production within the benefit assessment and cost allocation of transmission investments. The paper describes the methodology followed and illustrates its application in a real-life case study where a simplified version of a European network is considered. Within this case study, we have assessed the impact of considering the reduction in air pollution damage achieved through a particular HVDC project between France and Spain on the benefits, and benefit-driven cost allocation, computed for this project. In this case study, local pollution related benefits are a relevant fraction of the overall benefits of the considered transmission project. However, considering the local air pollution benefits of the project does not affect the net positive benefits of each country significantly, resulting in a limited change in the cost allocation of the project.
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Chao, Kuei-Hsiang, Yu-Ju Lai, and Wen-Ching Chang. "Development of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic System Considering Shaded Effect for Energy Storage and Release." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050567.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a photovoltaic system that stores energy for use in direct current micro-grid systems or to supply electric power to consumers living in remote areas. If the photovoltaic module array is shaded, the signals of conventional maximum power point trackers (MPPT) may be trapped at the local power maxima. Therefore, this study developed a smart maximum power point tracker to track the maximum power point (MPP). The control method adopted a teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. To adjust the energy flow direction of the direct current load terminal, this study proposed an energy accumulation and release strategy that used a high-boost/buck-ratio bidirectional converter to control the battery charge and discharge for energy accumulation and release. In addition, this study developed an inverter to convert direct current into alternating current for alternating current loads.
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Salkuti, Surender Reddy. "Challenges, issues and opportunities for the development of smart grid." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i2.pp1179-1186.
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The development smart grids have made the power systems planning and operation more efficient by the application of renewable energy resources, electric vehicles, two-way communication, self-healing, consumer engagement, distribution intelligence, etc. The objective of this paper is to present a detailed comprehensive review of challenges, issues and opportunities for the development of smart grid. Smart grids are transforming the traditional way of meeting the electricity demand and providing the way towards an environmentally friendly, reliable and resilient power grid. This paper presents various challenges of smart grid development including interoperability, network communications, demand response, energy storage and distribution grid management. This paper also reviews various issues associated with the development of smart grid. Local, regional, national and global opportunities for the development of smart grid are also reported in this paper.
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Ramde, Emmanuel Wendsongre, Eric Tutu Tchao, Yesuenyeagbe Atsu Kwabla Fiagbe, Jerry John Kponyo, and Asakipaam Simon Atuah. "Pilot Low-Cost Concentrating Solar Power Systems Deployment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Case Study of Implementation Challenges." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 6223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156223.
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Electricity is one of the most crucial resources that drives any given nation’s growth and development. The latest Sustainable Development Goals report indicates Africa still has a high deficit in electricity generation. Concentrating solar power seems to be a potential option to fill the deficit. That is because most of the components of concentrating solar power plants are readily available on the African market at affordable prices, and there are qualified local persons to build the plants. Pilot micro-concentrating solar power plants have been implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa and have shown promising results that could be expanded and leveraged for large-scale electricity generation. An assessment of a pilot concentrating solar power plant in the sub-region noticed one noteworthy obstacle that is the failure of the tracking system to reduce the operating energy cost of running the tracking control system and improve the multifaceted heliostat focusing behavior. This paper highlights the energy situation and the current development in concentrating solar power technology research in Africa. The paper also presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art solar tracking systems for central receiver systems to illustrate the current direction of research regarding the design of low-cost tracking systems in terms of computational complexity, energy consumption, and heliostat alignment accuracy.
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Chaudhary, Deepak. "The Decentralization, Devolution and Local Governance Practices in Nepal: The Emerging Challenges and Concerns." Journal of Political Science 19 (December 13, 2019): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jps.v19i0.26698.
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Nepal has been facing political changes and systems over the decades. Presently Nepal has adopted the unitary federal political system. Under the system, devolution of power is shared to local levels in order to strengthen localism and development. The devolution is a broader concept of decentralization where power and authority are provided to a sub-national level of government constitutionally. This paper discusses the devolution and its implication on local levels that are directly related to local people and grass-roots democracy. The Constitution of Nepal 2015, Local Government Operations Act 2017, Inter Governmental Fiscal Transfer Act 2017 and other sectoral legislation and published related documents are reviewed for this paper. Besides, three numbers of local levels (rural municipalities) are taken as an empirical inquiry to find out the problems and challenges facing by local levels. The Constitution of Nepal 2015 provided enough power and authority to the local levels based on devolution under federalism. Despite that, the inadequacy of laws, and policies, and lacking coordination between local levels and center-province and poor mobilization are major challenges to local levels and the question of good governance and leadership is more pronounced in this regard. The relationship among the center, province and local levels is still debatable. Overall, the present collateral form of local governance is not being well functioned. The effectiveness of Leadership seems to be important to cope with local governance for local development and grass-roots democracy.
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Volkov, Andrey, and Luiza Sukneva. "Programming Applications of Computer Aided Design and Layout of the Complex Solar Panels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 1840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.1840.
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The last few years, most of the western generating companies are investing a lot of money on projects related to alternative energy, including renewable energy sources (RES). Russia is also interested in the development of such projects. This is due to the fact that only 30-35% of the area covered by Russian Unified Energy System (UES), the rest is serviced by power plants operating in standalone mode, or local power systems [. For these areas the development of renewable energy is the most promising.
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Curtean-Bănăduc, Angela, Skyler Pauli, Doru Bănăduc, Alexander Didenko, Joana Sender, Saša Marić, Pablo Del Monte, Zahra Khoshnood, and Shafiq Zakeyuddin. "Environmental Aspects of Implementation of Micro Hydro Power Plants – A Short Review." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0074.
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Abstract The economic importance of micro hydro power plants is obvious around the world and the development trend will continue well into the future. Unfortunately the effects on the local lotic systems habitats and biocoenosis are not studied, and in some cases or are known only to a small degree. A variety of taxa were identified in the study case areas as being significantly affected by the micro hydro power plants: macrophytes, macroinvertebrates and fish.
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Tikhomirov, Dmitry, Andrey Izmailov, Yakov Lobachevsky, and Anatoly Tikhomirov. "Energy Consumption Optimization in Agriculture and Development Perspectives." International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijeoe.2020100101.
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In this article, indicators of energy consumption in agriculture for Russian Federation are discussed, starting from the year 1990, and their forecast values for the period up to 2030 with the analysis of the decay in the period from 1991 to 2010 and gradual growth of energy resources consumption started in 2010 and continued to the present day has been analyzed. The outlines of the strategy of rural energy base development and optimization have been considered. Demand, development, and implementation conditions of decentralized energy supply systems have been substantiated, and their features, composition, and application field have been specified. It has been shown that the major energy resource of standalone energy systems is local and renewable energy sources and of agricultural production wastes. Methods and technologies for the conversion of renewable energy sources (RES), biomass, and waste of agricultural production into heat and power have been characterized.
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Šljivac, Damir, Irina Temiz, Branka Nakomčić-Smaragdakis, and Matej Žnidarec. "Integration of Wave Power Farms into Power Systems of the Adriatic Islands: Technical Possibilities and Cross-Cutting Aspects." Water 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13010013.
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Wave energy is of interest for regions with high wave power potential, as well as for regions with modest wave power potential such as the Adriatic/Mediterranean coastlines and islands. In the present paper, the possibility of integrating a wave power farm with the power system of an island in the Adriatic Sea, combining the wave power with a battery energy storage system (BESS) and solar photovoltaics (PVs) is explored and its impact on the local weak low voltage grid is investigated. The load profile is typical of the demand (consumption) of an Adriatic island, in which the demand substantially increases during summer (the tourist season). The wave power technology is a point-absorbing wave energy converter (WEC) with a direct drive linear permanent-magnet synchronous generator power take-off device. Wave power farms (WPFs) consist of two to ten WECs. In this study, we show that the integration of a WPF consisting of two WECs into the grid is optimal and helps to reach zero grid exchange, and a BESS reduces the intermittency of the power flow into the grid. Since a potential wave power farm is to be installed in a populated recreational area, the technical study is complemented by discussion on cross-cutting aspects such as its environmental and social impact.
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Kakosha, Yuri, Lyudmila Myshkina, and Inna Sabadash. "Circuit-mode Features of the Distribution Network in the SAIDI and SAIFI Forecast." E3S Web of Conferences 209 (2020): 06010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020906010.
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The adoption of any technical solutions at the design stage of the distribution network significantly affects the change in the indicators of uninterrupted power supply to consumers: SAIDI and SAIFI. However, methodological support for their determination for the future is not enough. The development of an appropriate methodology and its implementation into design practice is necessary, this is especially important in connection with the appearance of distributed generation, which has a significant impact on the circuit-mode conditions of power supply systems. The developed methodology makes it possible to determine the most effective from the many possible ways of integrating distributed generation and local power supply systems, considering the of the technical condition indices, the structural and functional reliability of the distribution network and the existing mode restrictions, which is a necessary element of development management during design.
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Domanskyi, I., and О. Kozlova. "DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY ELECTRICAL NETWORKS OF TRACTION SUBSTATIONS." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 154 (April 3, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-1-154-8-15.
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In the paper on the basis of the analysis of classical power schemes traction substations of railways and urban electric transport conceptual directions of development of electric networks of external power supply of traction substations in the conditions of market economy and normative requirements of the electric power industry of Ukraine are developed, which allow to provide energy saving modes of their operation. Based on system analysis of domestic and foreign traction power supply systems of railways and electric transport of large cities, the concept of their development is substantiated and proposed by increasing the supply voltage of traction substations and minimizing capacity upflows and energy losses, which provides resource and energy savings. It is suggested that the investment programs of the structures that are part of Corporation «Ukrzaliznytsia» and the municipal services be synchronized according to their technological indicators, as well as according to the criteria of energy efficiency and quality of energy supply with similar investment programs of external energy. For reduction of energy losses, it is proposed: realization of rational schedule of train movement and deep high voltage inputs with the prospect of transition to own 110 kV distribution networks, modernization and equipping of modern rolling stock electrical equipment and infrastructure of the main and perspective directions of the railways. The need to expand tram and trolleybus lines and modernize power supply devices in terms of resource conservation requires new technologies for the design, construction and operation of the facilities of municipal enterprise «Miskelektrotransservice». Such technologies have been implemented by the «DAK-Energetika» enterprise in the manufacture of modern electrical equipment of municipal enterprise «Miskelektrotransservice» TS. The most important tasks are the improvement of stationary and mobile substations and other linear facilities of traction power supply by completing functional modular blocks with modern switchgear with digital relay protection and diagnostics of traction networks; local and remote control of switchgear devices, as well as switch diagnostics and self-diagnosis. Keywords: external power supply, traction substations, electrical networks, power systems operation modes.
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Delgado-Serrano, María, and Roberto Escalante Semerena. "Gender and Cross-Scale Differences in the Perception of Social-Ecological Systems." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10092983.
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The sound management of Social-Ecological Systems (SESs) requires a deep knowledge of the system and its dynamics, but effective strategies also need to include the perceptions of the local actors. These perceptions are specific and might differ for different actors. In this research, we analyzed the gender and across scales differences in the perception of a SES and unveiled the potential reasons that shape the different actors’ understanding. Using structural analysis tools, we analyzed the perceptions of local women, local men, and external stakeholders on the most relevant variables shaping the actual and future sustainable management of a SES. The research was developed in Santiago Comaltepec, an Indigenous community located in the Sierra de Oaxaca (Mexico) that manage their forest under community-based strategies. The gender differences in perception showed the inequalities in agency, voice, and power between women and men. The comparison of the perceptions between community members and external stakeholders showed greater similarities, but still reflected power differences and differences in knowledge and cultural representations. We concluded that sound and resilient SES management need to recognize the gendered and across scales diversity in perception, knowledge, and practices and create bridges and synergies among knowledge systems to shape desirable trajectories.
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Maronchuk, I. I., I. V. Shirokov, A. A. Velchenko, and V. I. Mironchuk. "Intelligent LED Lighting System." ENERGETIKA. Proceedings of CIS higher education institutions and power engineering associations 61, no. 5 (October 4, 2018): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1029-7448-2018-61-5-440-450.
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The article presents the development of an intelligent control system for LED lighting, applicable to autonomous electric lighting installations, outdoor lighting fixtures on posts to illuminate highways, roads, streets and surrounding areas. The system combines all local lighting systems in which the motion sensor and the LED luminaire are integrated into one network. Turning on the LED luminaire at reduced power is carried out automatically when the level of external natural light is less than a certain threshold value. In the case of appearance of an object moving along the motion sensors of neighboring local lighting systems, the speed and direction of movement of the object are determined. In accordance to the speed and direction of the object movement the number of local lighting systems is determined whose LED lamps should be switched on at a higher power and the appearance of the object at the next design point is predicted. The increase in the power of LED lamps is carried out smoothly when the object is approaching the corresponding local lighting system. Due to the dynamic control of the power of the LED luminaires, as moving objects appear in the coverage area of the intelligent lighting system, significant energy savings are achieved. Traffic safety conditions are increased, as the number of LED lamps operating with increased power is determined by the speed of the object, and its possible braking distance will be significantly less than the illuminated section of the roadway. Smooth changes in the power of LED lamps reduce the pressure on the driver of the vehicle. The choice of the motion sensor based on the autodyne radio blocking, which detects moving objects in a given sector of the controlled space, regardless of the time of day and weather conditions, is grounded.