Journal articles: 'Development of economies and societies'

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Bucăţa, George, and Alexandru-Marius Rizescu. "Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Development and its Implications for the Transition to Sustainable Development." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2021-0027.

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Abstract The COVID-19 crisis has revealed the vulnerability of people, societies and economies and has forced a rethinking of the economic and social activities of an organization. The crisis requires strong responses based on solidarity, cooperation and responsibility. Socio-economic organizations (associations, cooperatives, alliances, and social enterprises) whose business models are based on these principles can help reshape economies and societies after the crisis.

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Ruttan, Vernon W., and Francesca Bray. "The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies." Technology and Culture 30, no. 3 (July 1989): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105999.

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Brown, Ian, and Francesca Bray. "The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies." Economic History Review 40, no. 4 (November 1987): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2596427.

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Cain], [Mead, and Francesca Bray. "The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies." Population and Development Review 13, no. 3 (September 1987): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1973143.

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Cirella, Giuseppe T., and Barbara Pawłowska. "Advancements in the Energy Sector and the Socioeconomic Development Nexus." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 8078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238078.

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Berrey, C. Adam, Robert D. Drennan, and Christian E. Peterson. "Local economies and household spacing in early chiefdom communities." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): e0252532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252532.

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Archaeological research has by now revealed a great deal of variation in the way early complex societies, or chiefdoms, developed. This variation is widely recognized, but our understanding of the forces that produced it remains relatively undeveloped. This paper takes aim at such understanding by exploring variation in the local economies of six early chiefdoms; it considers what implications this variation had for trajectories of chiefdom development, as well as the source of that variation. Economic exchange is a primary form of local interaction in all societies. Because of distance-interaction principles, closer household spacing within local communities facilitated more frequent interaction and thus encouraged productive differentiation, economic interdependence, and the development of well-integrated local economies. Well-integrated local economies, in turn, provided ready opportunities for aspiring leaders to accumulate wealth and fund political economies, and pursuit of these opportunities led to societies with leaders whose power had a direct economic base. Wider household spacing, on the other hand, impeded interaction and the development of well-integrated local economies. In such contexts, aspiring leaders were able to turn to ritual and religion as a base of social power. Even when well-integrated local economies offered opportunities for wealth accumulation and a ready source of funding for political economies, these opportunities were not always taken advantage of. That variation in the shapes of early chiefdoms can be traced back to patterns of household spacing highlights the importance of settlement and interaction in explaining not just chiefdom development, but societal change more generally.

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Asheim, Björn T. "Learning regions as development coalitions." Concepts and Transformation 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2001): 73–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cat.6.1.05ash.

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The understanding of post-Fordist societies as learning economies, in which learning organizations such as learning firms and learning regions play a strategic role, has lately received some criticism. The critique has partly pointed at the structural limits to learning in a capitalist global economy, and partly argued that firms in capitalist societies have always been learning, referring especially to the role of innovation in inter-firm competition. Against the critics, it is argued that the learning region has great potential, both as a theoretical and normative concept and as a practical metaphor for formulating regional policy.

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Hershberg, Eric. "Globalization and Labor: Reflections on Contemporary Latin America." International Labor and Working-Class History 72, no. 1 (2007): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547907000592.

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As the editors note in their introduction to this special issue of the journal, for more than 500 years, indeed since the conquest, Latin-American economies and societies have been profoundly affected by developments in the world system. Over the past century alone, watershed moments such as the Great Depression of the 1930s and the oil shocks and international debt crisis of the 1970s and 80s, have rocked Latin-American economies, transforming development paradigms and with them the circumstances of the many millions who inhabit the region. Today, a quarter century has passed since Latin-American economies embarked, unevenly yet largely irreversibly, on the path of market-oriented reform. Designed to stimulate growth through insertion into global markets, structural adjustment programs swept Latin America in the wake of the debt crisis and were followed by a panoply of measures that sought an enduring restructuring of economies in the region. The pursuit of these so-called Washington Consensus policies did away with the inward-oriented strategies that had shaped development in the region throughout the postwar period. However reluctantly, Latin America staked its future on a renewed engagement with the world economy, and became a player in the highly contested processes of globalization that are reshaping societies and economies around much of the planet.

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Inkster, Ian. "The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies. Francesca Bray." Isis 79, no. 2 (June 1988): 344–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/354760.

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Cho, Seo-Young. "Social Capital and Innovation in East Asia." Asian Development Review 38, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 207–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/adev_a_00163.

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This paper investigates the relationship between social capital and innovation in high-performing East Asian economies. Rapid economic growth and innovation in these economies contradicts the presumed positive link between social trust and innovation suggested in the literature, as these economies are often characterized as low-trust societies. The results of the multilevel analyses conducted in this paper show that social trust among individuals is not a driving force of innovation in East Asia. Instead, other elements of social capital—shared social norms of supporting collective developmental goals and trust in formal institutions—are more important determinants of innovation. This finding reveals the region-specific developmental path of East Asia—states set innovation and growth as common goals for society and played an active role in initiating and coordinating efforts to achieve them.

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CHAHINE, Youssef. "The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic and Social Development." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 2 (June 18, 2020): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i2.17206.

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Entrepreneurship is used to denote explorers and innovators in various fields. It has affected by economics, psychology, marketing, sociology, history, strategic management and human sciences. It is also considered as one of the important areas in the economies of developed industrial countries and developing ones. Therefore entrepreneurial projects make an active contribution to expansion of comprehensive economic development in all countries. This paper attempts to provide a theoretical frame work on the concept of entrepreneurship, its importance, characteristics and components. It also deals with the most important obstacles, reforms and the extent of the impact of entrepreneurshipon economic and social development of the country. Many societies face different problems related to pushing economic development forward. Hence, the role of entrepreneurship lay which affect positively and substantially in supporting this progress.

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Visano, L. A., and Nicholas Adete Bastine. "Law and the Culture of Capital: A Critical Perspective on Labour’s Right to Associate in Developing Societies." Journal of Developing Societies 18, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0169796x0201800101.

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Informed by critical theory, this paper focuses on the dialectical interplay between law and economics evident in the practices and policies of the International Labour Organization (ILO). It is argued, first, that governments do not comply with international labour standards because of the inherent weaknesses of the ILO as the source and enforcer of international obligations. Second, the parochial politicization of rights defers to the arrogance of ignorance. Third, developing societies are overwhelmingly preoccupied with socioeconomic development. In exploring the impact of ILO practices on developing societies within the policies of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (WB), this paper asks the following questions: to what extent does capital form and inform the law in relation to conflicting economic narratives of development and nationhood? How and why does the ILO talk up legal narratives of regulation and contest? How does law hegemonize capital integration? How does law symbolically function to mediate labour relations meanings and manipulate the inaction of civil society? Within the larger structure of “market forces,” the commodity of law is a complex form of social communication that diverts attention away from the political impact of predatory economies.

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Grier, Colin, and Jangsuk Kim. "Resource Control and the Development of Political Economies in Small-Scale Societies." Journal of Anthropological Research 68, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/jar.0521004.0068.101.

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Palombo, Cecilia. "Studying Trade and Local Economies in Early Islamicate Societies." Cromohs - Cyber Review of Modern Historiography 24 (June 8, 2022): 161–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/cromohs-13571.

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The history of trade has been used in many studies comparing different economic and political trajectories, based on the theory of a long-in-the-making "divergence" between the Middle East and the West, and tying together historical and political analyses of growth and development. Recent responses raised from within scholarship on early Islamic history contribute to upsetting the theory's premises. In recent years scholars have produced new studies on early Islamicate documents, social practices, and economies, creating the premises for more complex comparisons between late-antique and medieval institutions on a global yet interconnected scale. The debate has pushed some historians to explore different kinds of connections, for example, by focusing more on local contexts and regional trade patterns. These specialised studies, in turn, may help historians in other fields to better situate the history of Islamic institutions into discrete political and geographic contexts when assessing questions of continuity and rupture.

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Taplin, Ruth. "Women as Marginal Social Actors, the Case of Economic Development." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 11–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x8900300103.

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The field of economics has been historically a discipline that emphasises men as the primary social actors within the economic sphere of the world and national developing economies. Although women make an extraordinary contribution given the paucity of economic resources available to them in developing societies, they continue to be dealt with as marginal elements within the discipline. Development studies having reached a theoretical impasse in general is being revived by the issue of the incorporation of gender into the mainstream of development debate, especially in sociology. We suggest a missing element in the economic development literature is a micro-macro analysis that takes into account multi-level linkages which would facilitate inclusion of women into the debate, as the bulk of women in developing economies engage in some form of production largely within the sphere of the family or household. In the course of the review and criticism of the relevant literature within the two basic schools of modernisation and historical-materialism, we conclude that women are a necessary vehicle of analysis as is a multi-level methodology that takes into account the level of the household/family unit if economic development theory is to progress beyond its current state of stagnation and narrow scope of assessment.

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Elsenhans, Hartmut. "Capitalisme d’État ou société bureaucratique de développement." Études internationales 13, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701312ar.

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Increasingly, one can observe the power of the state extending into the modem sector of Third World economies. Different types of cooperative relationships are established with multinational corporations, even to the point of excluding them altogether. A considerable part of the literature suggests that in this instance there is the formation of dependent capitalist societies, what could be referred to as state capitalism. Such a definition is contradictory and conceals the true operation of these societies. In fact, was are witnessing the emergence of a new type of production that the author refers to as bureaucratic development societies dominated by bureaucratically organized state classes. These state-classes collectively appropriate the social surplus and determine its allocation on a political basis allocating it either to consumption by the dominant class or to investment, but in this latter case, without consideration as to the immediate return on possible investments. The means by which such a class arrives at decisions are of particular interest because the author shows that they constitute both a hope and a threat for the broad-based development of the economies and the societies of the Third World.

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Haque, Nadeem Ul. "Incentives and Human Resource Management in the Design of Public Sector Reform (Distinguished Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 38, no. 4I (December 1, 1999): 471–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v38i4ipp.471-488.

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THE ‘DEVELOPMENT APPROACH’ TO GOVERNANCE We, in Pakistan, should be very happy that the global development community has finally accepted the centrality of public sector reform (also known as improved governance) in the quest for improved living standards in poor countries. Development economics is a subject that is based on the interpretation and observation of some Western academics and Western donor-based agencies. We should have some sympathy for these leaders of development thought and policy for they have struggled with integrating the prevailing theme (fad) in Western thought and philanthropy with learning about the societies and economies that they were supposed to be prescribing for. Using the principle of “ends justifying the means”, they defend their reliance on the current “fad” as well as on the only clearly visible, organised and powerful actor—the government, no matter how inefficient—they would.

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Zbuchea, Alexandra. "Traditional Crafts. A Literature Review Focused on Sustainable Development." Culture. Society. Economy. Politics 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/csep-2022-0002.

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Abstract We witness a revival of the crafts due to complex changes in mentalities and society, but also related to the benefits and positive implications that traditional crafts could offer to contemporary societies and economies. Also, traditional crafts are compatible with the concept of sustainable development, which gives them another boost. The present paper represents one of the very few literature reviews in the field of traditional crafts aiming to map the knowledge we possess on traditional crafts. It documents a significant gap between professional and academic research, with the former being visible at local/national levels, but also an increased interest in the field, especially in understanding the future role that traditional crafts could play in communities and economies.

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Regmi, Prakash Raj. "Principles for the development of clinical guidelines for Prevention & control of Cardiovascular diseases." Nepalese Heart Journal 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2006): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v4i1.26148.

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According to WHO Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the world’s biggest killer taking away lives of 17.5 Million people annually, As 80% of CVD-related mortality now occurs in countries with developing economies, it is imperative that governments in such countries work in partnership with Cardiac Societies and Heart Foundations to develop guidelines that reflect national priorities and resources.

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Rostkowski, Tomasz, and Jan Strzemiński. "Leadership in Healthcare System." Kwartalnik Ekonomistów i Menedżerów 51, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2361.

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Health plays a special role both for societies and economies. Regardless of the level of development of health systems and respective expenditures, they are struggling with shortage of resources. In case of Poland, this phenomenon also concerns significant deficiencies in other areas, including personnel. In the light of inevitable and necessary changes, this poses a serious risk both to the health security of Poles and successful implementation of modernization plans. Research carried out by employees of the Warsaw School of Economics highlighted the possibility of solving this problem through the use and development of leadership competences. This article is a starting point for a discussion on the role of the leadership in the process of changes in healthcare system.

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Kędzierska, Małgorzata. "Residential Policy in Market Economies." Equilibrium 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2009.014.

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Living space plays an important role in the hierarchy of human everyday requirements. Not only does it alleviating the basic requirements, but also those of the superior rows. The proper residential conditions are the foundation of the development of the family life and, in the wider context, the whole societies. Consequently, residential requirement are of particular interest to the state, in fact, in modern advanced economy, the residential problem should be regarded as a preemptive public task. However, it does not mean that the government is obliged to substitute for the citizens in their aspirations to own an apartment. To the contrary, its role should concentrate on regulation rather than stimulation of the real estate market.

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Sarangi, Unmana. "Global Peace Governance Justice and Sustainable Development of Economies." International Journal of Business and Management Research 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 91–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijbmr.060303.

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The research paper entitled “Global Peace, Governance, Justice and Sustainable Development of Economies” focuses on detailing the aspects of global peace, governance issues and analyzes the global economic systems and the various international organizations that work in coordination with the other national and international organizations, civil societies, NGOs to attain peace, justice and effective global governance, to achieve SDGs and sustainable development slated by UN by the turn of 2030. It also studies the various issues pertaining to developing new economic partnerships for SDGs and the role of private multilateral international institutions in effective implementation of the SDGs of UN through a proper and effective coordination and working in synergy with these institutions with UN on the one hand and the other related national and international institutions such as other private multilateral institutions, NGOs, civil societies, world class academic institutions on the other to attain peace, governance, justice and SDGs. The aspect-wise review of literature i.e. global peace, governance, justice and SDGs has been reflected in brief studied by various authors. The functions of the various international organizations such as IMF, World Bank and WTO etc., in providing financial assistance and in developing rules and frameworks to achieve these objectives have also been studied. The role and functions of United Nations with regards to promotion of new global partnerships, peace, and governance including the role of private international organizations and multiregional trade complexes have also been highlighted. It is observed that the purpose of these international institutions which were created, were primarily to provide financing to the developing organizations including framing of rules and procedures for effective and harmonious global economic development. However, the tilt is towards giving more attention to developed economies and the focus on developing economies has been minimal. This has jeopardized the growth and development of these developing economies and reduced their participation and stakeholdership in the global forum/international community to attain effective and proper global economic development. This has posed a serious challenge to attain global peace, effective global governance and in turn promotion of SDGs. Hence, it would be appropriate and in the fitness of things to confer adequate and proper autonomy to these national institutions of importance working in various developing economies/countries to carve a niche for themselves to participate in adequate representations to make the international/global agenda as slated by UN, effective and successful. This in turn would definitely go a long way in attaining global peace, governance and justice and in achieving the SDGs by turn of 2030 as adopted by United Nations.

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Horvat, Tatjana, Philipp Mayrleitner, Romana Korez Vide, and Vito Bobek. "Culture, corruption and economic development: The case of emerging economies." Acta Oeconomica 71, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2021.00005.

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AbstractThis paper aims to examine specific cultural attributes which may be favourable to economic development or restrictive to corruptive behaviour. The indicators of GDP growth and GDP per capita, the Human Development Index (HDI), Hofstede's cultural dimensions and the Corruption Perception Index (CPI) were used within a two staged analysis on the sample of selected emerging economies between 1995–2015. The findings of the research outline the complexity of this topic and numerous interrelations among the involved variables. The paper emphasises the importance of understanding the cultural traits of societies and the motives for corruption, to be able to take appropriate measures to promote economic and human development and to combat corruption. Future studies could assess differences within cultural clusters of the emerging economies to allow further insights on a comparative level, increasing the possibility to find answers why different regions develop faster than others.

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Akee, Randall K. Q., Katherine A. Spilde, and Jonathan B. Taylor. "The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and Its Effects on American Indian Economic Development." Journal of Economic Perspectives 29, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.29.3.185.

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The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), passed by the US Congress in 1988, was a watershed in the history of policymaking directed toward reservation-resident American Indians. IGRA set the stage for tribal government-owned gaming facilities. It also shaped how this new industry would develop and how tribal governments would invest gaming revenues. Since then, Indian gaming has approached commercial, state-licensed gaming in total revenues. Gaming operations have had a far-reaching and transformative effect on American Indian reservations and their economies. Specifically, Indian gaming has allowed marked improvements in several important dimensions of reservation life. For the first time, some tribal governments have moved to fiscal independence. Native nations have invested gaming revenues in their economies and societies, often with dramatic effect.

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Yemoh, Michael, and Vicky Yemoh. "The Dietary Characteristics of An Agriculture-based Economy and Its Impact on Community Health." International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies 34, no. 1 (September 7, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.52155/ijpsat.v34.1.4536.

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The social structures and lifestyles of most economies derives its influence from the level of economic growth, or development or the standard of living. Agriculture is not only important for the revenue contributions it has to the economy but also to the community health and food consumption of the communities. Agriculture-based societies are suggested to have unique features that do influence the community health of its citizens. This report provides a focused review of the community health implications of agriculture-based economies.

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Von Lazar, Arpad, and Michele McNabb. "The Politics of Inter-American Energy Relations: Prospects and Pitfalls." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 27, no. 1 (February 1985): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165668.

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Latin American societies and economies are. in a world of change and transition. The past decade, from 1973 to the present, has been for them an era of anxiety on the one hand and of opportunity on the other, a paradoxical era in which prospects for development had to compete with the high social costs of stagnation in many instances.Energy was the catchword, and the name of energy was oil. Its price, its availability, and its promise (a road to riches for those fortunate enough to possess it, a threat of increasing poverty for those unfortunate enough to have to buy it) brought turmoil to the economies, and the bodies politic, of Latin America.

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Ogilvie, Sheilagh C. "Institutions and Economic Development in Early Modern Central Europe." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5 (December 1995): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3679335.

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Institutions and economies underwent profound changes between 1500 and 1800 in most parts of Europe. Differences among societies decreased in some ways, but markedly increased in others. Do these changes and these variations tell us anything about the relationship between social organisation and economic well-being? This is a very wide question, and even the qualified ‘yes’ with which I will answer it, though based on the detailed empirical research of some hundreds of local studies undertaken in the past few decades, is far from definitive. Many of these studies were inspired by an influential set of hypotheses, known as the ‘theory of proto-industrialisation’. While this theory has been enormously fruitful, its conclusions about European economic and social development are no longer tenable. This paper offers an alternative interpretation of the evidence now available about proto-industrialisation in different European societies, and explores its implications by investigating one region of Central Europe between 1580 and about 1800.

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Louw, Eric. "Communication technology and democracy in the development of South Africa." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 13, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v13i2.1997.

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Many countries in the developed world are currently being restructured into Post-Fordist economies or 'Information societies'. Communication technology, computers and satellites are now at the cutting edge of socio-economic development. South African decision makers ignore these developments at their own peril. This country sits at a cross-roads. Will we see socio-economic and communication policies which facilitate South Africa's development into a post-Fordist economy or will the country be trapped into a Fordist backwater? This article argues in favour of South African's taking the plunge into an 'Information society'. More importantly, the potential for using Post Fordist 'information technology' for creating a more democratic society is examined.

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Heitor, Manuel, and Hugo Horta. "Opening-Up Higher Education in Emerging Economies: Autonomy and Integrity on the Rise of Globalization." International Journal of Chinese Education 1, no. 2 (2012): 196–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340004.

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Abstract We focus this paper on higher education systems and related public policies in emerging societies and developing regions worldwide and observe that effective institutional autonomy and integrity of modern universities are to be promoted in a context where building human capital is a priority and alliances and partnerships among universities worldwide, as well as between them and industry, gain significant relevance. For those societies and regions, our analysis identifies ten different themes oriented towards norms that may be helpful in guiding the development of higher education systems and related public policies.

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Pierce, Steven. "The Criminal and the Corrupt." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 39, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-7885546.

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Abstract The commentaries in this Kitabkhana on Milan Vaishnav's When Crime Pays and Steven Pierce's Moral Economies of Corruption provide ample food for thought about the social-scientific study of crime and corruption. All agree on the importance of focusing on actual practice and not forcing non-Western societies into Eurocentric heuristics. They also pose urgent questions about what might constitute grounded theories of governance and productive avenues for pushing for reform and change.

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Alimpiiev, Yevhenii, Stanislav Dubikovsky, and Volodymyr Tokar. "SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DETERMINANTS OF AN INFORMATION SOCIETY: CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL ECONOMIES." Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7238.

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We analyze social-economic models of countries with developed information econ¬omies using group method of data handling. We identified the determinants of optimal model for social and economic development of countries with developed information societies. The experience of countries with developed information economy show that their success and high level of competitiveness rely on adequate determination of prospective development direc¬tions and effective implementation of innovations in production. Countries-leaders by IT-in¬dustry, show higher indicators of competitiveness and living standards. The high employment rates guarantee the dynamic economy and civil society. Implementing strategies for social and economic development of countries with developed information economy maximally ensure the protection of national economic interests. Therefore, the models for sustainable social and economic development objectively form the basis of economic security.

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Ahedo, Virginia, Débora Zurro, Jorge Caro, and José Manuel Galán. "Let’s go fishing: A quantitative analysis of subsistence choices with a special focus on mixed economies among small-scale societies." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): e0254539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254539.

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The transition to agriculture is regarded as a major turning point in human history. In the present contribution we propose to look at it through the lens of ethnographic data by means of a machine learning approach. More specifically, we analyse both the subsistence economies and the socioecological context of 1290 societies documented in the Ethnographic Atlas with a threefold purpose: (i) to better understand the variability and success of human economic choices; (ii) to assess the role of environmental settings in the configuration of the different subsistence economies; and (iii) to examine the relevance of fishing in the development of viable alternatives to cultivation. All data were extracted from the publicly available cross-cultural database D-PLACE. Our results suggest that not all subsistence combinations are viable, existing just a subset of successful economic choices that appear recurrently in specific ecological systems. The subsistence economies identified are classified as either primary or mixed economies in accordance with an information-entropy-based quantitative criterion that determines their degree of diversification. Remarkably, according to our results, mixed economies are not a marginal choice, as they constitute 25% of the cases in our data sample. In addition, fishing seems to be a key element in the configuration of mixed economies, as it is present across all of them.

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Todorova, Tamara. "Adverse Effects of Transaction Costs in East European Economies." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2011): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2011.2.1.14288.

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Abstract. At a given level of technology the gross aggregate production function lies above the net aggregate production function where the difference represents the aggregate transaction costs in the economy. Transitional economies facing serious institutional impediments to creating a smoothly functioning market mechanism are faced with sizable transaction costs. We use a net production function model enhanced by Furubotn and Richter and apply it conceptually to the case of transitional economies. We find that at a particular level of a community isoprofit line much less output will be supplied compared to developed market economies with mature market institutions. The aim of the paper is to trace the falling output and the deep structural problems of East European economies to the effect of transaction costs and institutional building. The more rapidly transaction costs grow, the less the firms would be willing to pay for inputs. Furthermore, we find that certain markets tend to disappear in emerging economies due to the adverse effects of transaction costs. As a safeguard to precontractual opportunism and prevention to ex post transaction costs, ex ante transaction costs would play a more vital role in East European societies.

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MacRae, Graeme. "Forgotten moralities of agrarian economy in Bali." Focaal 2016, no. 75 (June 1, 2016): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2016.750107.

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The provisioning of human societies is widely understood in terms of technological, ecological, and economic processes. It is also, somewhat less widely, recognized as a social and cultural process, but rarely as a moral one. As the concept of “moral economy,” which drew attention to the moral embedment of agrarian economies, has faded from view in the analysis of radically changing agrarian landscapes, the moral dimensions of agrarian economies have progressively become obscured. This article summarizes recent transformations of the moral economy of rice in Bali and discusses a project of economic development in which the project’s moral dimensions were revealed only in its failure.

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Sokoloff, Kenneth L., and Stanley L. Engerman. "History Lessons: Institutions, Factor Endowments, and Paths of Development in the New World." Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.3.217.

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The explanations offered for the contrasting records of long-run growth and development among the societies of North and South America most often focus on institutions. The traditional explanations for the sources of these differences in institutions, typically highlight the significance of national heritage or religion. We, in contrast, argue that a hemispheric perspective across the wide range of colonies established in the New World by the Europeans suggests that although there were many influences, factor endowments or initial conditions had profound and enduring effects on the long-run paths of institutional and economic development followed by the respective economies.

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Malecki, Edward J. "Cities and Regions Competing in the Global Economy: Knowledge and Local Development Policies." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 5 (October 2007): 638–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0645.

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Competitive places have developed diverse, multidimensional ways to attract mobile workers as well as mobile investment. Creative workers are the core of the knowledge economy and account for the varieties in its geography. Benchmarks, including knowledge metrics, innovation indices, and report cards, are increasingly common and increasingly critical to the monitoring of key features of economies and societies whose factors of production and of success are highly mobile. Consequently policies have become more sophisticated, but policy makers need to grasp the nature of place competition and the critical roles of knowledge in the strategies of the most competitive places.

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Daianu, Daniel. "Policy (Institutional) Diversity and Economic Development." Competitio 3, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21845/comp/2004/1/2.

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Diversity, or variety, is the essence of economic life in the sense of underlying choice; economic calculation gives numerical substance to how people make choices in their daily endeavours, either as consumers or entrepreneurs. How does variety/diversity takes shape in the realm of institutions and policy making? Is the range of choices open-ended? The last couple of decades has revealed an overwhelming offensive of the neo-liberal paradigm interms of defining “best practices”. Even language was shaped accordingly with market reforms being seen in a quasi-single theoretical and policy framework. Are we heading towards increasing uniformity with regard to institutional and policy set ups, worldwide? An affirmative answer would underline the successful market based transformation of a series of command economies. Some convergence between institutional patterns in the USA and theEU economies might be alluded to in the same vein A supportive argument for this line of reasoning could be that what matters for individual achievement, in the end, are equal opportunities. But this argument can be turned around when debating the merits of various institutional set ups in terms of creating fair chances for people. A sceptical answer would highlight the mounting challenges which confront societies, whether rich and poor, and the international community in general –in spite of the high hopes of not long ago. The demise of the “New Economy”, the series of corporate scandals in wealthy economies and the subsequent recourse to new regulatory legislation, recurrent financial and currency crises throughout the world, and the controversies surrounding the activity of IFIs, should compel “ideologues”, of all sorts, to be more humble in their prescriptions. This essay argues that there is substantial scope for institutional and policy diversity to operate as a means to foster economic development; that there might be a paradigmatic cycle in the dynamic of economic policies.

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Slater, R. P. "The rice economies: Technology and development in Asian societies. Francesca Bray. Basil Blackwell, 1986, 254 pp." Public Administration and Development 8, no. 2 (April 1988): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230080213.

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Maziarz, Mariusz. "Wspólnotowe społeczeństwa a wzrost gospodarczy. Mechanizmy oddziaływania." Ekonomia 22, no. 1 (November 3, 2016): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.22.1.2.

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Community Societies and Economic Growth. Mechanisms of InfluenceRecent econometric research showed that there is a positive correlation between collectivism of a society and economic development. In this article, I aim at analyzing the causal mechanisms that connect this dimension of culture and economic efficiency. On the base of the conducted meta-analysis of questionnaires, case studies and other empirical research, I coined the following four possible causal mechanisms that make economies of collectivist-oriented societies grow faster: 1 more efficient business relations among economic agents; 2 rarer egoistic behaviours; 3 increased security due to belonging to a group and 4 positive influence on innovativeness.

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Mężyk, Anna. "EU rail passenger transport: an important determinant of sustainable development." Central European Review of Economics & Finance 33, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2021.004.

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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has become the global blueprint for sustainable development. Sustainable development is supposed to change functioning of societies and economies in order to minimize negative ecological effects, at the same time providing for the needs of present and future generations. Due to its functions, transport is indispensable for meeting these needs, but it also generates demand for energy resources and has a negative impact on the environment. Appropriate shaping of transport systems is, therefore, an important element of the transformation of economies towards sustainable development and thus a key task for government policy. Rail is among the most energy efficient modes of transport for freight and passengers. The aim of this article is to assess the development of rail passenger transport in European Union countries on the basis of statistical data in the context of the need to transform mobility systems in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. The analysis of the data shows that the development of rail transport is low compared to road and air transport, which raises questions about the reasons for this fact and the further measures needed.

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Drain, Michel. "Changements agraires et mutations socio-spatiales dans la péninsule Ibérique depuis 1945." Sud-Ouest européen 5, no. 1 (1999): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rgpso.1999.5107.

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Agrarian changes and socio-spatial mutations in the iberian peninsula since 1945. After the Second World War, Spain and Portugal were poor countries whose economies were dominated by agriculture. But the fundamental elements of their economies were different and partly explain the different orientations of their economic policies, despite ideological similarities. While the Spanish government gave great importance to agriculture, the Portuguese government sacrified agriculture but prevented a rural exodus. From then on, and although there were historical and geographical similarities, the two agricultures took different directions. Despite similar political changes which have taken place since 1975 and the simultaneous integration of the two states into the European Community, the rural spaces and societies, as well as the agricultural economies of Spain and Portugal show great differences which are reflected in the different nature of the problems of integration faced by the two states.

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TARSCHYS, DANIEL. "Taxes and bribes: assessing the extraction burden in orderly and disorderly societies." European Review 11, no. 3 (July 2003): 365–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798703000334.

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Countries with a low GDP per capita generally have a much lower fiscal quota than OECD countries, but many other factors push up the transaction costs in poor economies. High-tax societies provide more security, predictability and organizational discipline. The absence of such conditions is a powerful breeding-ground for corruption. If fiscal payments and bribes are added up to arrive at a composite measure of the ‘extraction burden’ in different countries, we might find that the costs of doing business do not diverge so much in various parts of the world.

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Fuentes, Daniel Lopez. "Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the national security and development of El Salvador." Sociology International Journal 6, no. 4 (August 16, 2022): 230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/sij.2022.06.00291.

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Covid 19 is taking a heavy toll on individuals, families, communities, and societies around the world. Daily lives have been significantly transformed, economies have entered recession and many of the traditional social, economic, and public health networks have had to change their activities, creating a new normal. In this sense, the Armed Forces of El Salvador to be the guarantor entity of generating support to the State institutions in charge of giving health to Salvadorans. This will generate greater confidence and admiration on the part of the civilian population, but in general it will enhance the National Security and Development of El Salvador.

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Althammer, Jörg, and Maximilian Sommer. "Can an Entrance Fee Solve the Migration Problem? Probably Not." Analyse & Kritik 40, no. 2 (November 27, 2018): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2018-0014.

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Abstract Refugee and poverty migration is one of the key challenges developed Western societies are facing. Due to the unstable political situation in many parts of the world and the lasting high differences in development between the economies, these migratory movements will continue to increase in the future. In order to channel immigrants, the authors suggest that migrants must pay an entry premium to obtain a permanent right of residence.We criticize this proposal from both an ethical and an economic perspective. We argue that a pricing system is neither ethically legitimate nor economically sensible. In order to meet the challenges of migration, a fundamental change in economic cooperation between developed and less developed economies is more appropriate.

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Oslington, Paul. "History of Development Economics." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.631-638.

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There are many ways we could approach the history of development economics. We could tell a story of theories replacing and supplementing each other, finishing with the current body of knowledge. Alternatively we could explore the relationship between the evolution of theory and the development experience. Another way of telling the story would be to put the evolution of theory in a wider social, political and philosophical context and explore the interactions. This historical outline will be mainly restricted to the first and simplest method but at certain points where insights from the other two methods can be gained they will be used. Searching for the roots of development economics is also problematic. One possible beginning for this historical outline would be the beginnings of peoples reflections on the evolution of societies, perhaps to the reflections embodied in early mythology. A less extreme approach would begin with the first systematic reflections on the material progress of societies. Moving closer to the approach of most histories of development economics we could begin with systematic reflections on the first industrial revolutions in Europe or finally we could begin after World War II when this sort of enquiry was applied to Asia, Africa and Latin America and began to be called development economics. The beginning chosen depends on the purpose of the history, and here because the focus is on the academic discipline of development economics the story will begin after WWII.

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Avakumović, Jelena, Rade Tešić, and Danijela Karić. "Management of transition processes in the function of sustainable development." Odrzivi razvoj 3, no. 1 (2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/odrraz2101007a.

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The modern world is at a new historical turning point (transition from industrial to post-industrial or information society). Today, this is most often referred to as a transitional or transitional period. However, this process is often reduced as the transition of the planned economies of the former socialist countries to market economies and the transition of their authoritarian social systems to democratic societies. The modern transitional period represents the period of the realization of the third scientific and technological revolution (biotechnology, robotics, informatics, new materials, conquest of space and sea for production purposes), which changes both production forces and production relations. Namely, all this leads to a new organization of production, a new type and carrier of production management, changes the importance and role of ownership, factors of production, the nature of distribution, and thus suggests the creation of a new type of social relations. The process of socialization, humanization, new integration is being realized, new technologies are being developed, but also a new quality of life. It is reflected in the transformation of the capitalist and real-socialist mode of production into a new mode of production. We call this transitional stage the modern transitional or transitional period.

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Enghel, Florencia. "Towards a Political Economy of Communication in Development?" Nordicom Review 36, s1 (July 7, 2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nor-2015-0026.

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AbstractIn the development communication equation, whether more theoretical, empirical and analytical attention is given to ‘development’ or to ‘communication’ makes a difference: where the emphasis is on development, it is at the expense of communication. Since communication and media arguably play an increasingly pervasive role in the everyday life of citizens and in the politics, economies and governance of most societies, the characteristics and role of specific forms of applied communication strategies in the context of the neoliberal project merit critical scrutiny. Given a complex global scenario, what can a political economy approach bring into an agenda for the future of development communication as a field of study, a practice and an institutional project? This article outlines ways in which a focus on political economy dimensions may contribute to understanding the obstacles and limits to a transformative practice of international development communication.

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Kumar, Surender, and Durgansh Sharma. "Factors Influencing ICT Development in BRICS Countries." International Journal of Social and Organizational Dynamics in IT 4, no. 2 (July 2015): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsodit.2015070103.

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The hasty development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has overwhelmingly altered many aspects of life and societies all around the globe. High-quality information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure is essential for developing countries to match the pace of economic growth. This can be achieved only with sophisticated infrastructure. Enormous competitive pressure on businesses across the world has made Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) one of the main drivers of economic growth. This paper studies a select set of economic factors and their respective impacts on ICT development in five leading emerging economies known as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). The authors' findings demonstrate that in addition to deregulation, existing conditions (socioeconomic factors) must also be considered. They conclude by avowing that policy makers can more easily realize economic development via ICTs if they consider these conditions while cultivating their technology strategies.

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Ashraf, Hamid, and Frederick Cawood. "Mineral development for growth: the case for a new mineral policy framework for Pakistan." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 8, no. 3 (October 2, 2017): 246–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-11-2016-0033.

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Purpose The fundamental purpose of this research is to compare Pakistan’s mineral policy instrument with that of leading developing minerals-based economies and to highlight the gaps. Mineral resources development can act as an engine for country growth and have the potential to transform economies and societies. The extent to which such transformation takes place varies depending upon the method of their use. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducts a gap analysis between Pakistan and leading developing minerals-based economies to identify key policy gaps. Two basic principles were kept in mind with the choice of countries: first, only developing countries were considered and, second, at least two countries had to be Islamic. Eight developing countries Chile, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, India, South Africa, Kazakhstan and Turkey were selected. Findings The most important finding of the exercise is that Pakistan’s mineral sector is lacking an enabling institutional, fiscal and regulatory framework for the optimal development of its mineral resources. Practical implication Pakistan’s mineral resources have the potential to expand its economy and benefit its citizens. For this to happen, Pakistan must first establish what beneficiation is realistically expected from its mineral resources and, second, formulate a mineral policy based on leading practices to attract mining investment and aim for a sector contribution to gross domestic product of 5 per cent. Originality/value This paper presents original work on how Pakistan should formulate its mineral policy to extract maximum benefit from its mineral resources.

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Landais, Bernard. "Une Théorie du Développement Économique." Revue Internationale des Économistes de Langue Française 6, no. 1 (2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/rielf.2021.1.1.

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Many societies are stuck in development ; to relaunch the process, the article proposes a new theoretical context derived from the MIE-Growth model extended to deve- lopment. The importance of human cultures and their transmission is emphasized, alongside all the more traditional forces of investment. Development is also considerably hampered and sociologically constrained by the existence of pressures on the choices of individuals

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Journal articles on the topic 'Development of economies and societies'

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