Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Development economics – Pacific Area'
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1
Edwik, A. A. "Oil dependency, economic diversification and development a case study of Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2007. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2189/.
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The Libyan economy relies heavily on increasing oil revenues, which may deteriorate with a future oil price decline. The Libyan economy performed as well as resource poor countries over the past few decades. The oil booms of 1973 and 1979 brought unprecedented income to Libya but, despite the substantial oil revenues, much of the potential benefit of the windfall has been dissipated. Libya relies heavily on oil receipts, the price of which tends to fluctuate widely in the international market. Also, the Libyan economy is dominated by hydrocarbons and the public sector. Sizeable oil wealth has supported a decent living standard for Libya's population, and socio-economic development compares favourably with standards in other Middle Eastern and North African countries. Libya has the potential to raise oil production and revenues significantly in coming years, given its large reserve. The reliance of public finance on a single sector means that shocks threaten the economy's fiscal balance and stability. Libya has over-consumed in response to windfalls from surges in world prices. Libyan government spending has outstripped the gain in revenues. These sharp increases in government spending are difficult to reverse when the boom ends and often lead to large fiscal deficits rather than surplus. However, the main challenge for Libya is to promote growth of the non-oil sector and spur diversification of its economy. Non-hydrocarbon GDP growth has been weak and oil revenue volatility has been transmitted to non-hydrocarbon GDP. Weak non-oil GDP growth reflects both insufficient private investment and low productivity of capital importing efficiency. Productivity growth is a precondition for faster growth and greater investment effort. Strong productivity growth is also a prerequisite for competitive diversification out of hydrocarbon. Projected high oil revenue will provide the finance for growth but will not necessarily spur sustained growth in the non-oil sector. Overoptimistic predictions of future oil revenues are shown to have seriously adverse consequences, particularly if the non-oil economy adjusts to falling demand through underdevelopment and capital flight is provoked. Policy options for protecting the economy from volatility in oil revenues, without eliminating the benefits from rising prices include the formation of a stabilization fund and hedging strategies in the international markets. The stabilization fund would smooth consumption and reduce the costs associated with volatile spending. Libya needs sound economic management and to address the problems associated with oil windfalls. Market processes are required to help allocate public resources, and governments and others responsible must take account of risk and uncertainty when selecting projects, and formulating plans for development. Consequently, there is a macroeconomic need to diversify the economy to avoid the pitfalls which so often plague developing countries with vast natural resources. The decisions concerning public investment in a social economic infrastructure would be better if unconnected to the presence of hydrocarbon windfalls. To speed up non-oil growth and job creation, the oil windfalls should be used strategically, with the aim of facilitating the transition to a competitive, market-led economy. Over the long-term, the intermediation of hydrocarbon windfalls through the household and business sectors might produce superior long-term growth, but it should go in tandem with considerable strengthening of the investment climate. Enhancing the quality of Libya's human resources will also be essential to improve productivity and diversify out of oil - especially into services - and compete in the global economy. Improving the quality of governance deserves particular attention, because it underlies the development reform agenda. Libya would probably have seen a larger benefit from its windfalls had it saved a higher proportion abroad and limited domestic investment through applying market criteria more rigorously. Quite clearly, good fiscal control of periodic boom episodes enables the boom to temporarily accelerate the rate of economic development. In addition, such questions as the magnitude of the windfalls, how Libya has used them and their impact on non-oil a sector have been addressed in this research. The adoption of sound economic policies and the good management of oil windfall gains will allow Libya to continuously manage growth and become one of the greatest success stories of all developing countries.
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Ho, Ming-Yu. "Law, foreign direct investment and economic development in Taiwan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36280/.
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This research looks at the legal regime governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in Taiwan, and at the interaction between the Government's economic policies, legal reform and FDI in the economic development of Taiwan. The research for this thesis is focused on the period of 1945 to the present; however, a study of the pre-1945 period is provided as a basis for analysing the post-1945 developments. There are three principal aims of this thesis. First, the thesis is designed to illustrate how the economic success of Taiwan challenges traditional views put forward in development theories and in law and development theories, in particular. Secondly, the thesis considers the role of law in the development process. By examining the evolution and operation of the FDI legal regime in Taiwan in its economic, social, political and historical context, this research suggests that the role of law is as a 'doorkeeper' for a country's development. If consistent with a public-interest-oriented economic policy, an appropriate and wellconsidered legal regime can help a country's development without risking its economic sovereignty. Finally, this thesis examines Taiwan's current FDI regime for its appropriateness. Using international law as a reference-point, a detailed analysis is made of Taiwan's current FDI laws. The thesis suggests that certain of these laws are out of date and that further legal reform is required. The thesis concludes by slightly modifying the developmental model for law and FDI which is put forward in Chapter 1, in order to emphasise the important role of government economic policy in Taiwan's development. It is submitted that the Government's choice of development strategy in each of Taiwan's different development phases has been crucial to Taiwan's success. The thesis also concludes that an appropriate legal regime remains important for a country's development regardless of its development status.
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Hussein, El Siddig Abdel Bagi. "The regulation of labour and the state in the Sudan : a study of the relationship between the stage of social and economic development and the autonomy of labour relations law." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1986. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/37069/.
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The thesis is a study of labour regulation and the State in the Sudan in the light of a general theoretical conception of labour law and the State. The first Chapter defines the concepts of analysis that are used throughout the study, isolates the "essential" properties of the Capitalist State and Law from the historically concrete forms which they assume in a particular society and distinguishes between processes which influence development of the form of law and others which influence its sociological development. Drawing on the analysis in Chapter I, Chapter II exposes the inter-relationship between the Sudanese social formation, State and Law and the implication of this inter-relationship for both the form and substance of labour relations law. Chapters III, IV and V are specific verifications of the hypothesis regarding the inter-relationship between the State and labour relations law in the Sudan and that regarding the development of the "substance" and "ideology" of law in general. The thesis considers law as an empirically-founded discipline. But, it distinguishes between various types of empirical facts about law corresponding with respective semi-autonomous social levels at which law asserts its existence. The research method followed describes the empirical facts about law at the particular level and, in order to determine the epistemological significance of these facts, analytically relates them to empirical facts at other levels. Wherever used in the thesis the term "theory" signifies either this methodological procedure of analysing the inter-connection of empirical facts at a certain level and their inter-relation with other facts at other levels, or the substantive generalizations about law which findings at these various levels would allow. I consider my application of this methodology to the study of labour rela tions law, the historical dimension this application introduces in socio-economic analysis of this law, the criticism of certain Marxist and other sociological conceptions of law it enables, and the socio-histor ical relativity of the "substance" and "ideology" of law it reveals as original contributions to the knowledge of labour law. The compilation and evaluation within the framework of the thesis of empirical materials on industrial relations in the Sudan are likewise original contribution to the knowledge of Sudanese "labour law" and labour law in general.
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Norhashimah, Bt Mohammad Yasin. "Islamisation or Malaynisation? : a study on the role of Islamic law in the economic development of Malaysia : 1969-1993." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36106/.
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The thesis examines the role of Islam and Shariah (Islamic law) in the economic development of Malaysia and it rejects the assumption that Islam and Shariah inhibit economic development. In contemporary Malaysia, there are two 'policies' adopted by the Government. Firstly, 'Islamisation' which is for the advancement of Islamic law and institution building. Secondly, 'Malaynisation' which promotes the socio-economic development of the Malay ethnic group. The study adopts a holistic approach which covers the political economy of law in Malaysia. The thesis explores the relationship between the two policies considering in particular whether they are essentially the same. The study covers the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial periods although the focus is on the post-1969 period which involved the application of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The NEP was a pro-Malay Policy to rectif,' the economic imbalance of the Malays vis-à-vis other communities. Therefore, the focus of this thesis is on the Malay- Muslim population of Peninsular Malaysia who form the bulk of the Bumiputera (indigenous people). Two Bum iputera and Islamic organisations, Bank Islam (BIIMB) and Tabung Haji (TH) as well as the Bumiputera unit trust scheme, Amanah Saham Nasional (ASN) are used as the case studies. Their establishment, structure and organisation are examined. There is a specific focus on the extent to which they are examples of Islamisation or Malaynisation. It is clear that in contemporary Malaysia, Islam and Shariah are being used by the Government to promote economic development. Islamic values have been used to further Malay economic participation in the commercial sector. As a consequence, the economic position of many Malay-Muslims has greatly improved. However, the Government position is questioned by the Islamic opposition who say that the Islamisation policy in many respects is either contrary to Islam or merely cosmetic, and want a 'pure' Islamic approach. The thesis therefore involves a critical examination of the perspectives of both the Government and the Islamic opposition.
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許潤詒 and Yun-yee Encon Hui. "Strategic development of inflight catering in the Asia Pacific." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31267956.
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Chan, Lai-shan, and 陳麗珊. "Development of low cost airlines in the Asia Pacific region." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2992277X.
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Hume, Grant D. "Telecommunications and urban development in the Pacific Rim : a teleport proposal for HongKong /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25796823.
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Sisay, Yonas Tesfa. "Development and human rights in Ethiopia : taking the constitutional right to development seriously." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87636/.
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This thesis examines the nature, content and legal implications of the constitutional right to development and investigates its (non-)realization by inquiring how development and human rights are being pursued in Ethiopia. In addressing these issues, this study analytically situates the conception of the right to development as enshrined in the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution within the context of the general human rights and development debates, the normative framework of the right to development as established by the United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development (UNDRD) and the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights (ACHPR). Thus, it discusses the theoretical and moral basis for linking development and human rights and conceptualizing the claim for development as a distinct human right. It further explores the evolution of the right to development into an international human rights norm and addresses its attendant controversies. It subsequently analyses the nature and content of the right to development as established under the UNDRD and ACHPR before engaging with the issues relating to the FDRE Constitution. This research has employed doctrinal and comparative legal research methodologies and also involved critical analysis of policy documents and data from secondary sources. This research finds that the right to development as enshrined in the FDRE Constitution is enunciated in ambiguous terms and asserts that it needs to be understood within the broader constitutional context of Ethiopia which, in conformity with UNDRD and ACHPR, considers development and human rights to be interdependent and mutually reinforcing projects which can only be realized through such interdependence and mutuality. It further submits that the constitutional right to development generally provides a legally binding normative framework within which development processes in Ethiopia should be pursued and puts a constitutional limit on the power of the State as it relates to development undertakings. It, however, identifies that, despite its legally binding nature, the observance of this right is not provided with effective guarantee (enforcement mechanism) as the Ethiopian courts are excluded from enforcing constitutional human rights. This study also claims that the realization of the constitutional right to development has been impeded by the governing ideologies of revolutionary democracy and developmental state which undermine the basic conditions necessary for undertaking development and human rights as interdependent and mutually reinforcing goals of the Constitution. Its review of Ethiopia’s successive development policies reveals the marginal importance given to human rights in general and the two fundamental aspects of the constitutional right to development – the right to active, free and meaningful participation in development and the right to fair distribution of the benefits of development – in particular. Its assessment of Ethiopia’s balance sheet of socio-economic development and human rights in the last decade also attests that development and human rights have been practically disentangled and signals the need for taking the constitutional right to development seriously.
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Nesadurai, Helen Sharmini. "The political economy of the ASEAN Free Trade Area : the dynamics of globalisation, developmental regionalism and domestic politics." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36396/.
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This study examines how the interaction between globalisation and domestic politics shaped the evolution of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) between 1991 and 2000. Previous studies have argued that AFTA, a project of open regionalism, was adopted to attract foreign direct (FDI) investment to the region. Accurate to a degree, this dissertation argues that the concern with FDI is only part of the AFTA story, albeit an important part. The FDI explanation is unable to explain why market access and national treatment privileges were offered to national (domestic) investors from the ASEAN countries at least ten years ahead of foreign (non-ASEAN) investors in AFTA's investment liberalisation programme. The dissertation explains this departure from open regionalism, which has yet to be accounted for in the literature, by advancing the notion of 'developmental' regionalism. Underwritten by strategic trade theory rather than neoclassical economics, developmental regionalism emphasises the nurturing of domestic capital by using the expanded regional market and temporary protection or privileges for domestic capital as the means to build up domestic firms capable of meeting global market competition. Unlike existing models of the globalisation-regionalism relationship, which do not integrate domestic politics or do so in a limited way, the model of developmental regionalism considers domestic capital to be a key analytical variable, and takes seriously its location within domestic politics and society. Using documentary research and elite interviews, and guided by these theoretical insights, the study shows that AFTA encompasses the features of both open and developmental regionalism due to the political significance of both foreign and domestic capital in the ASEAN economies. While both forms of regionalism were driven by the imperative of growth, distributive concerns were weaved into the concern with growth in developmental regionalism, as governments sought to nurture those segments of domestic capital that were important in sustaining elite rule.
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Kunbuor, Benjamin Bewa-Nyog. "Decentralisation and land administration in the Upper West Region of Ghana : a spatial exploration of law in development." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/39305/.
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Decentralisation for local community development has become the new paradigm of development discourse in Ghana in the present times. There is currently an elaborate legal framework in Ghana on decentralisation as a means for addressing local community development. The role of law in development is therefore implicated in the discourse. This study raises provocative, startling and challenging questions not only on the decentralisation programme, but the appropriate theoretical framework for reading the role of law in development. The study argues that decentralisation in Ghana is a spatial strategy of the state for addressing the crisis of its political economy and not one necessarily for local community development. Taking its starting point in land administration in the Upper West Region of Ghana (predominantly agrarian communities), the study explores how the objectives of decentralisation in Ghana address the subjectivity of development needs of local communities in Ghana. The study's contention is that the legal regime of the decentralisation programme and its praxis fail to address a pertinent development concern (land) of the Upper West communities. The study argues that if local community development were the object of the programme, it would perforce address the problematic of land administration that is an important concern for predominantly subsistence farming communities. The study also demonstrates how a spatial reading of social phenomenon provides critical insights to an understanding of the role of law in development. The study is based on a field study conducted in Ghana and among the communities of the Upper West Region, through interviews with officials of institutions, traditional authorities and civil society organisations. The interviews were complemented by written primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include documents from the National Archives in Ghana and from decentralised institutions in the Upper West Region. Secondary sources include unpublished essays and theses, books, articles, reported cases in the Ghana Law Reports, unreported and/or pending cases in the Ghanaian courts.
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Kim, Tae-Yeon. "Family farm models for rural development : the case of the Northern Uplands Objective 5b Area." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289217.
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Thomas, Justin. "Development of protected areas| Agriculture, conservation, and political decentralization in the La Amistad Pacific Conservation Area of Costa Rica." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10157764.
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The study presented here focuses on development activity in several communities across two districts of rural Costa Rica. The remainder of this introductory chapter provides a brief description of the study location and elaborates a brief statement about the motivations of this research. A review of relevant literature is provided in Chapter 2, followed by a discussion of the research approach, questions, and study methods in Chapter 3. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)
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Jakka, Ateeq Abdul-Aziz. "Development administration in the United Arab Emirates : a socio-political approach." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36095/.
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This study is concerned with the United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.) development administration with particular emphasis on the effect of its social and cultural features on its bureaucracy and indigenous civil servants. The thesis analyses the U.A.E.'s political and historical background and its effects on the federal bureaucracy. It stresses that unless we understand the political and historical origins of the country, we will not be able to comprehend its administrative system. The study examines the ecology of the U.A.E.'s public administration. It identifies socio-cultural, educational and demographic variables as the three main ecological forces that play a significant role. The thesis provides a theoretical appraisal of the working of the federal administrative machinery in the U.A.E. It examines the administrative functions of the Federal Council of Ministers and the Federal Civil Service Council and identifies their weaknesses. The study explores the administrative problems facing the federal bureaucracy. Administrative inflation, shortage of indigenous skilled manpower, lack of job classification and the weakness of federal apparatuses in comparison to their local counterparts are the major stumbling blocks in the way of efficient administration in the U.A.E. Through a questionnaire based survey which obtained 312 (81%) responses the thesis empirically confirms the linkage between the indigenous employees' administrative performance and the socio-cultural variables surrounding them. It reveals that most of the irrational attitudes and behaviour of indigenous employees are not solely the result of corruption but rather of the social and cultural pressures which force them to apply particularistic approaches i.e. nepotism, favouritism,etc, in order to satisfy their familial interests over their organizational interests. Accordingly, most indigenous civil servants decline to recognize the administrative obligations of their jobs as being more essential than their familial obligations.
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Lander, Jennifer. "The law and politics of foreign direct investment, democracy and extractive development in Mongolia : a case study of new constitutionalism on the 'final frontier'." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/98052/.
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This thesis provides a critical account of state transformation on one of the last ‘frontiers’ of mineral exploration and extraction. Mongolia’s struggle to consolidate its extractive development strategy lies in a fundamental tension between the nature of global capital investment and the responsiveness of national democratic institutions to their political electorate. In this sense, Mongolia is part of a broader pattern of state formation in a global era. This pattern has been recognised in established Western democracies, but, as this thesis argues, vulnerable states in the periphery of the global economy are also being affected with potentially more immediate and alarming consequences. In the context of a transition to a development strategy reliant on the extraction and export of raw minerals (primary commodities) since 1997, the Mongolian state has entered the world of competitive international finance (as opposed to development loans) and investment, in which courting and preserving the interest and ‘confidence’ of the investor is paramount for the government. In the early years of the millennium (2003-2012), Mongolian citizens became increasingly engaged in democratic political processes and particularly vocal regarding the lack of perceived public benefit from mining investment and the damaging socio-environmental consequences of extraction in rural areas. Thus, I argue that a constitutional struggle played itself out between the contradictory impulses of the state towards investors and citizens as evidenced in the see-saw cycles of legal and policy reform between 1997 and 2013. Consequently, by the end of 2013, the general downturn in global commodity prices and the particular “vote of no confidence” in Mongolia’s investment environment from the majority of investors led to the consolidation of a cross-party ‘stability consensus’ within the state. The process of ‘stabilising’ the investment environment has occurred at the expense of the democratic constitution of the state, demonstrated in the curtailment of Parliamentary powers over policy-making processes, the limitation of self-government for sub-national administrations and the restriction of civil society organisations’ participation in political processes. As a post-socialist state adjusting to the constraints of the global economy and the cycles of commodity markets, Mongolia provides concrete evidence of the antagonistic relationship between national democracy and global economic integration, and the reality of the latter’s constitutional impacts.
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Ahmed, Naveed. "The impact of structural reform strategies of international financial institutions on the rule of law, good governance and development in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80264/.
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This thesis examines the impact of structural reform strategies of International Financial Institutions (IFIs) on the rule of law, good governance and development in Pakistan. In doing so, it explores the extent to which the ethos and instruments of rule of law and good governance could be helpful in mitigating problems of social justice as experienced by Pakistan. One important outlet through which this is explored is the internal factors that have aggravated conditions of poverty and social injustice. The interface of these social variables is made possible by the scale of Pakistan’s social challenges which has culminated in the involvement of IFIs in the country’s internal struggles. But like other countries, the IFIs involvement in Pakistan’s domestic affairs has aggravated social injustice rather than alleviating it. The principal argument of this thesis is that absence of social justice in Pakistan could be attributed to the interaction between IFI policies, weak structures of governance and the rule of law. While IFIs policies have recently attempted to emphasise human rights, good governance and the rule of law, these have been ineffective partly because of IFI submissiveness to strategic interests of the United States and Western powers. The theoretical and analytic framework of the thesis is mediated through Amartya Sen’s capability approach. Capability means: What people can positively achieve is influenced by economic opportunities, political liberties, social powers, and the enabling conditions of good health, basic education, and the encouragement and cultivation of initiatives. The institutional arrangements for these opportunities are also influenced by the exercise of people’s freedoms, through the liberty to participate in social choice and in the making of public decisions that impel the progress of these opportunities (Sen, 1999:5). The theoretical framework is used as the frame upon which to engage the impact of Structural Reform Strategies of IFIs on the rule of law, good governance and development in Pakistan as the case study.
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Langkarpint, Khettai. "'Sustainable development' : law, the environment and water resources in modern Thailand." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/50756/.
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The overall purpose of this thesis is to examine problems concerning implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the area of water resources using Thailand as a case study of a developing country. The aims and objectives of the thesis are to provide an analysis of water case studies focusing on fieldwork undertaken in different regions in Thailand, an analysis of the legal system; and strategies for environmental protection; considered in the context of rapid economic expansion. The thesis begins with an examination of the foundation and background of Thailand's legal system, its economic development and its environment. Particular emphasis is given in the thesis to water resources. Water is a specific medium to judge pollution standards as a whole. Pollution for land and air often eventually makes it way into water system. Water regulation and pollution control is an example of environmental regulation as a whole. This is followed by an analysis and evaluation of the legal framework of environmental law. The aim is to examine the evolution of the legal protection of the environment in Thailand as well as to analyse the existing contradictions between the country's legal order and its actual environmental problems. The dynamics of the country's political process are then considered. Finally, the question of how the concept of sustainable development might assist in the application of environmental protection to water resources in Thailand is examined, using disputes over water allocation and water pollution. The case studies are drawn from different regions in Thailand. In Thailand there has certainly been more environmental awareness in recent years, but the implementation of sustainable development strategies remains at an early stage, despite, the Rio conference in 1992 and Rio II in 1997 emphasising the conservation of natural resources. The concept of sustainable development is also incorporated in the new Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act 1992 (the 1992 Act), despite to a limited extent, some principles for sustainable development such as the precautionary principle, the PPP, EIA, right of access to environmental information and public participation. In Thailand primary legislation is in place but water resources regulations are required. Thailand is on a slow learning curve in its strategies for protecting the environment. In the thesis, case studies at a local level have been undertaken and through these case studies, it is clear that sustainable development concept is not fully integrated and accepted as a way to solve water problems at a local level. This indicates a failure of western concepts and their adaptation in developing countries such as Thailand. However, traditional approaches may be used to improve and promote sustainable development concepts together with Agenda 21, western approaches and experiences, which is called "The Mixed Approach". Thailand is in the advantageous position of being able to learn from the mistakes and environmental failures of the developed countries with respect to water resources policy. At the very least, it must acknowledge that environmental problems cannot be fundamentally solved without addressing them at the time of economic development. Still further, Thailand must not adopt the model of western environmental protection laws without first ensuring that the new reforms are suitable for the needs of the Thai economy and people.
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Le, Roux Gert. "Feasibility study for the development of an integrated mariculture industry in Diamond Area I, Oranjemund, Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4041.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Division of Aquaculture, Stellenbosch University (SU) was commissioned jointly by Namdeb Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd (Namdeb) and the Oranjemund Town Management Company Limited (OTMCo) to assess the aquaculture potential of the mining area at Oranjemund in Namibia. This document provides a proposal for the establishment of a marine finfish (yellowtail, Seriola lalandi) farm at Oranjemund. There appears to be considerable potential and as such this document provides a proposal for the establishment of a marine finfish (yellowtail, Seriola lalandi) farm at Oranjemund. A 5 000 metric ton (mt) yellowtail farm would have a turnover of about N$ 115 million per year and provides direct employment for about 200 people. Oranjemund is located immediately north of the Orange River at the most south-western corner of Namibia, approximately 1000 kilometers southwest of the capital, Windhoek. Namdeb currently operates an alluvial diamond mining operation along a 160 kilometer (km) stretch of the southern Namibia coastline, but is expected to downscale their activities significantly over the next 5 to 10 years. Aquaculture, the cultivation of fish, shellfish and aquatic plants, is the fastest growing food producing industry in the world and has considerable potential to contribute to the establishment of a vibrant post-mining economy in Oranjemund. The marine finfish industry is the most important and valuable aquaculture sector in many countries and is expected to grow significantly over the medium term, thereby also offering exciting opportunities for investment and business participation. The yellowtail farm venture is part of a greater plan to develop a vertically integrated aquaculture cluster at Oranjemund. The yellowtail development will be conducted in two phases, with Phase 1 the establishment of a pilot project to assess and confirm technical and financial feasibility. Phase 2 is the development of a 1 000 mt commercial farm. Other species being considered for development at Oranjemund include abalone (Haliotis midae), turbot (Psetta Maxima), rock lobster (Jasus lalandi) and oysters (Crassostria gigas). Several companies in South Africa are currently actively pursuing aquaculture expansion opportunities along both the west and east coasts of South Africa. Key amongst these is the development of abalone farms at Hondeklip Bay and Port Nolloth in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa by HIK Abalone Farm (Pty) Ltd (HIK) and NewFarmers Development Company Limited (NewF). The development of abalone and yellowtail farming at Oranjemund has been positioned as a further extension of the abovementioned initiative with HIK, NewF and a finfish fingerling supplier as potential operating, investment and development partners. The proposed business structure of the project provides investment opportunities for both institutional and Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) investors as well as employee equity instruments. Namibia’s economic prospects for the future are bright given its stable economic performance, good regulatory framework, and robust private sector. The country has experienced steady growth, moderate inflation, strong external surpluses and low indebtedness over the past several years as a result of generally prudent fiscal policies, a stable political environment, a fairly developed infrastructure, and a strong legal and regulatory environment. Economic growth since independence (1991) has averaged 4.3% per annum, and the World Bank’s Investment Climate Assessment Report currently notes that Namibia has a relatively attractive investment climate. The Government of Namibia has identified aquaculture as a prime priority development area. Both Vision 2030 and the NDP2 documents summon the country’s urgency to develop aquaculture and as such the Namibian Government has created an enabling environment for investment in aquaculture.
Namdeb Diamond Corporation (Pty) Ltd (Namdeb) and the Oranjemund Town Management Company Limited (OTMCo)
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Serrano, Ocasio Ana Gabriela. "El movimiento agroecologico como actor del desarrollo en Puerto Rico| Un estudio sobre el rol de las cadenas productivas cortas en la promocion de la agroecologia como modelo alternativo de desarrollo local." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10690326.
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La agricultura en Puerto Rico ha experimentado un renacimiento después de décadas de ser una de las actividades de menor crecimiento a nivel nacional. A principios del siglo XX, durante las primeras décadas del régimen colonial de los Estados Unidos, la agricultura era la principal actividad económica dedicada principalmente a la producción de caña de azúcar para la exportación. Luego de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la economía de la isla se industrializó rápidamente, lo que provocó la caída de la producción agrícola y la destrucción de la capacidad local para la producción de alimentos. Hoy día, Puerto Rico importa el 85% de los alimentos consumidos a través de cadenas de suministro muy vulnerables con consecuencias para la economía, como el aumento en el costo de vida para la población.
Durante los años ochenta, el movimiento agroecológico surgió en defensa de la soberanía alimentaria y la sostenibilidad ambiental. La agroecología se presenta como una práctica alternativa para la producción de alimentos con alto impacto en las comunidades locales a través de la sustitución de agroquímicos por insumos naturales y el uso de prácticas intensivas en mano de obra. El movimiento ha logrado converger los esfuerzos de producción de un número creciente de fincas pero, ¿es suficiente articular un modelo alternativo de desarrollo local?
Esta tesis pretende contribuir a la comprensión del movimiento agroecológico puertorriqueño, en particular su potencial para actuar como un espacio de concertación y aglutinación de las fuerzas productivas para su eventual consolidación como actor de desarrollo. A través de una metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa, en forma de entrevistas, revisión de documentos y análisis de datos estadísticos, describimos las capacidades del movimiento agroecológico para la promoción de un modelo alternativo de desarrollo local; y cómo la adopción de cadenas productivas cortas, como una estrategia de inserción en el mercado de alimentos, puede promover una mejor distribución de los beneficios económicos locales.
Los resultados de nuestra investigación demuestran que el movimiento agroecológico contiene las capacidades para promover un modelo alternativo de desarrollo local. Estas capacidades dependen de los esfuerzos de organización de los agricultores/as agroecológicos que permiten el diseño y la implementación de estrategias en la forma de cadenas productivas cortas de alimentos. Estas estrategias permitieron una mayor visibilidad de su producción y la amplificación de su alcance de mercado. Nuestra investigación encontró que un mayor éxito en las estrategias de inserción en el mercado ha promovido la agroecología como una práctica y ha alentado la llegada de nuevos agricultores/as al movimiento. Además, argumentamos que mediante el fortalecimiento de sus capacidades productivas, aumenta el acceso a los recursos para la organización política del movimiento y su capacidad para influenciar la agenda de política pública a nivel nacional.
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Chapman, Joshua. "FRANKLIN BOULEVARD REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT AREA MARKET ANALYSIS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/422.
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The following Market Analysis is an analysis of the Franklin Boulevard Redevelopment Project Area. The analysis is divided into the following four sections: ♦ Planning Context ♦ Real Estate Market Conditions ♦ Emerging Market Opportunities & Case Studies ♦ Conclusion The report serves as an opportunity to aide stakeholders of the Franklin Boulevard Redevelopment Project Area. Stakeholders include residents, business owners, the City of Sacramento, County of Sacramento, Sacramento Housing and Redevelopment Agency (SHRA), and the North Franklin District Business Association (NFDBA). The stakeholders are continually searching for data and creative examples of how to transform the area into a premier “urban” destination in the Sacramento Region.
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Njihia, James Muranga. "ICT for development reconsidered : a critical realist approach to the strategic context in Kenya's transition to e-governance." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2234/.
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This study contributes to critical information systems research understanding of the broader strategic context of information systems initiatives in developing countries. It investigates contextual influences with structural impacts that may lead to instabilities and discontinuities in the immediate project context using a critical realist paradigm. It was informed by literature on development as discourse, ICT4D policy and technology transfer, E-Government adoption, and information systems research paradigms and applications in developing countries. A disconnection was observed between ICT4D policy practice that favors positivist technology diffusion models and research findings that suggest interpretive and critical contextual approaches. A theoretical framework was developed to reconsider ICT4D from a postcolonial country perspective by integrating critiques of modernity from Critical realism and postcolonial theory. An empirical case study investigation of change in Kenya‘s transition to E-Governance was then conducted and analyzed using a critical realist research framework, the Morphogenetic approach, supplemented by Q-methodology to study subjectivity. Finally ICT change was interpreted using critical realist concepts for structure, culture, and agency, with an overriding direction towards greater freedom. The main research contribution is a new approach to ICT4D where change is conceived within a dialectical framework that assumes people are moral and ethical beings possessing values. Research findings have implications for understanding the strategic context of E-Governance and ICT4D, time and temporality in contextual integrative frameworks, and suggest an alternative approach to strategy analysis in situations of rapid political and institutional change. They highlight the importance of political leaders and development agencies as mediators and interpreters of the strategic context. Development was conceived as a dialectical process towards transformative praxis, which together with the suggested approach to the strategic context, may require us to rethink the meaning of IS project success or failure in postcolonial developing countries.
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Gidado, Maxwell Michael. "Petroleum development contracts with multinational oil corporations : focus on the Nigerian oil industry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1992. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4320/.
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Today, the Nigerian oil industry is dominated by MNOCs who provide the technology and managerial expertise for the running of the industry. Petroleum development is a capital-intensive business involving enormous sums of money in foreign exchange. It also involves a lot of negotiations between the MNOCs and Nigeria. These negotiations often end with signing of contractual obligations by both sides. Nigeria, being a Third world country is at obvious disadvantage compared to the MNOCs in terms of risk capital, technology and management skills. The major focus of the study is on the structure and forms of petroleum development contracts between Nigeria and the MNOCs. The scope covers contracts spanning the period when oil exploration first began in Nigeria to the present. Crucial issues such as ownership, control, transfer of technology, financial returns and 'indigenisation' of the industry under the contracts is examined against the background of the country's overall foreign investment policies, petroleum policies and changes in the global oil scene. The aim is to see whether the contracts strike a balance between foreign exploitation and national policy objectives. With contemporary study of law gradually moving towards the study of law as an interdisciplinary subject, the study significantly draws on political economy writings in economics, politics and law. It is found that three kinds of petroleum contracts are operating in Nigeria. These include - concession regimes, joint venture/participation agreements and production sharing/risk service contracts. Also that the structures of these contracts are largely based on the bargaining strength of the two parties. Although, the study argued that Nigeria had improved her bargaining position through her experience over the years and membership of OPEC, yet the study demonstrates that these contracts do not allow Nigeria enough opportunity to reduce her dependence on the MNOCs. In all, the study demonstrates how difficult it is for a less developed country such as Nigeria to gain complete control over its petroleum resource (even if it has the capital) if it lacks technological and managerial capabilities. It also demonstrates the role and limitations of law in fashioning the framework for relations between MNCs and the TWCs.
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Rossi, James. "Comparing the Impacts of Biofuels Using Survey and Non-survey Data." Thesis, University of Missouri - Columbia, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13850745.
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This paper utilizes survey data to compare several non-survey methods of modeling the economic impacts of biofuels plants. It examines differences in the input coefficients derived from the survey versus the trade coefficients generated through the non-survey methods. It finds that of the three non-survey methods examined, the Swenson (2006) scenario input coefficients most closely represent those found in the survey based on the performance of the non-survey scenario input coefficients in a variety of statistical tests. Further, it examines the economic impacts (multipliers) generated by these scenarios compared to those generated from the survey. Based upon statistical tests of the multipliers, the Swenson scenario’s estimated impacts most closely represent the impacts derived from the survey.
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Lane, Trevor C. "The Promising Practice of Agritourism for Small Farms." Thesis, University of Southern California, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10935393.
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Small farms and ranches are extremely important to local economies and food systems. Yet, small farms and ranches are known to struggle financially. A review of the literature and this research project revealed agritourism is a promising practice that can improve the viability and financial stability of small farms and ranches. Five farmers were interviewed in a qualitative study that used a modified gap analysis to reveal the knowledge, motivation, and organizational (KMO) influences impacting agritourism participation. The findings are summarized with recommendations to further improve this promising practice, as well as ideas for future research and a plan to implement and evaluate an agritourism program that could change how farmers approach this promising practice.
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Beele, Ernest Muketoi. "The state, law and workers' participation policies in Zambia, 1969-1989 : a study of the origins and development of law and participation policy in a developing country." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1991. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4119/.
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This thesis is a study of the origins and development of law and workers' participation policies in Zambia from their inception in 1969 to 1989. The research was focussed at three levels of investigation: why was workers' participation introduced; what factors have determined its development; and whether the results suggest that state involvement, and the use of law in particular, has made a useful contribution to these industrial relations policies. The value of the work is threefold. First, it makes a modest but significant contribution to the understanding of law and industrial relations in post-independence Zambia. Second, it disputes and, in large measure, seeks to contradict earlier explanations thought to have determined the origins and development of participation policies in the country. Third, it provides original insights into the 1971 and 1988 workers' participation legislation. The methods of investigation have been largely historical and comparative. It analysed primary and secondary materials, supplemented by discussion interviews. Theoretical guidance was drawn from critical studies of corporations, labour law and industrial relations. The study reveals that the origins of workers' participation in Zambia is connected to the political objective in the 1960s of assuring the participation of Zambians in the ownership and management of the economy. Consequently, it argues that the development of these policies is best understood in the context of this origin as well as of the structures and institutions upon which they were erected in the 1970s. Turning to the assessment, it found that very little industrial relations effects have been demonstrated. This was partly a result of three interlocking factors. First, weak and inconsistent laws. Second, the failure to develop the widest possible consensus on participation policies. Third, the absence of economic and political conditions under which the confidence of managers and workers could be won towards state policies.
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Amick, Abby L. "Improving community connection to its youth: the case of Wabaunsee county." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13065.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
Population out-migration from rural communities has caused significant distress in the Midwest of the United States. This distress comes from loss of the communities’ human capital which supports its economic well being. For example, the declining human capital implies lack of employees and consumers to support local business and lower populations that lead to consolidation of schools and services as well as increased per capita costs for these services. Population loss is caused by a variety of reasons, the most discussed being lack of economic opportunities for young people in these small and rural communities. This thesis sought to increase appreciation of the problem by focusing on a single county in Kansas, Wabaunsee County, and assessing the factors that influenced out-migration decisions of its youth. The hypothesis was that understanding these factors and their strength would provide local policy makers with the tools to intervene in the dimensions of the problem of out-migration long before it happens. The data was drawn from a survey of the population of high school students and covered their perspectives about their community and their future location plans. The total number of respondents to the survey was 172, and of these, only 12 percent totally agreed that at least one adult (not parent) has talked to them about opportunities that would encourage them to return home after their post high school or college education. Only about 10 percent totally agreed that there are opportunities in their community for young people to work with adults. These results provide an opportunity for policy makers to engage adults in the community to provide mentorship opportunities for the community’s young people. While the majority of the respondents indicated going to college, only 11 percent indicated that they would return to live and work in Wabaunsee County after graduation. An even lower percentage of respondents indicated retiring in Wabaunsee County when asked to “think way into the future” and indicate whether they would like to retire in the country. The results indicate that the most critical variables influencing respondents’ intent to return after their education included community connection, their age and the existence of a business connection in the county. For example, the relative risk ratio (RRR) for those with community connections was 35 times as high as those without any community connection in their intent to return after college. Similarly, those with business interest in Wabaunsee County with interest in coming back after college exhibited a RRR of 345.15. Similar indicators were found for intentions to retire in Wabaunsee County. It is obvious that the community cannot keep all of its young people. Indeed, it does not want to keep all of them if these young people are going to achieve their personal excellence. However, the community’s leadership can work with local businesses to provide the youth with clear and compelling connections to local and family businesses to increase their community connections. The results of this research indicate that these stronger ties would increase the likelihood that these young people would return. Their return, given the historical trends, would signify a break from the past and contribute to an arrest of the declining population and, hopefully, contribute to an alleviation of the challenges associated with declining population in these small communities.
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Mertens, Michael Mercer. "Implications of Local and Regional Food Systems: Toward a New Food Economy in Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1892.
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The local food movement in the Portland Metro Region of Oregon is as prevalent as anywhere in the Country. To a large degree this is driven by the Portland Metro area food culture and the diverse agricultural landscape present in the Willamette Valley and throughout the State. Portlanders demand local food and thus far the rural periphery has been able to provide it; driving a new food economy that has economic implications throughout the region. As this regional food economy emerges much attention has been focused on harnessing its power for economic development perpetuated by the belief that there exists an opportunity to foster a cluster of economic activity pertaining to the production, processing, distribution and sale of regional foods that might generate economic opportunities throughout the value chain.
The research presented here constitutes an attempt to characterize the local and regional food system that currently exists in the Portland Metro Region and to bring to light the opportunities present at the regional scale that link the agricultural periphery to the urban core. I present two different definitions of local and regional food systems and show how these different conceptions have very different implications for economic development. Once defined, I test for differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented, agro-food sector by analyzing aspects of geographic space and processes of knowledge accumulation and innovation in the context of aspects of regional economic development such as agglomeration economies, knowledge spillovers, business life cycle and industrial location.
My analysis showed that there are significant differences between local and regional food systems and the export-oriented agro-food industry specific to supply chains, actors and products of the different systems. Furthermore, through spatial analysis, I found that there are differences in terms of the spatial structure and distribution between producers who participate in the different systems. Local and regional producers tend to cluster closer together at smaller scales, are smaller in size and are found to be closer to the urban core. Through a qualitative inquiry I found that this clustering facilitates forces of agglomeration economies specific to food producers who participate in local and regional supply chains, particularly non-pecuniary effects of knowledge accumulation. This underlying structure has significant effects on economic outcomes and as such has implications in terms of regional economic development when local and regional food systems are considered in terms of the city-region.
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Lindén, Rut. "Educational policies serving the poor : A case study of student's performance in Indian hostels." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5995.
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This study examines the effect on school achievement of a policy such as hostels, aimed at
giving children from a poor socioeconomic background an opportunity to receive education.
Data is collected from two different schools in a district in Andhra Pradesh, India, in which
both hostel students and day-scholar students, having a similar background, are studying.
Exam scores for three different subjects are used as dependent variables in the analysis. The
results indicate that private hostels do have a positive effect on achievement in all subjects,
thereby contributing to reducing the large gap in school achievement between different
socioeconomic groups
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Hogan, Terry. "Global leadership and the development of intercultural competency in U.S. multinational corporations." Scholarly Commons, 2008. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/709.
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This study addresses the challenges of developing the intercultural competency of global leaders within the context of the U.S. multinational corporation (U.S.M.C.). This research seeks to examine how organizations develop managers capable of leading in a pluralistic work environment and the implications of this kind of learning on the current assumptions held by intercultural academia and the business community. The research approach was interdisciplinary: combining adult learning theory (self-directed and transformational learning), international business communication and leadership, systems thinking, organizational development and learning, and intercultural theory.
The following questions were addressed: How is cultural competence developed, supported, and integrated by the U.S. multinational organization? What challenges and obstacles do organizations face in effectively developing globally competent leaders? How can the intercultural academic community help to facilitate cultural competency development in the organizational context?
The study found that, although global leadership competency is largely undefined in organizations, the mandate "to be global" is pervasive. In spite of this, culture in the organizational context and its impact on leadership development and performance are not widely understood in U.S.M.C.s. Yet, the study also found that most organizations do not have programs of any kind that promote intercultural competency development. Reasons for this discrepancy centered mostly on lack of awareness and support at the highest levels in organizations, business cost justification, and the lack of collaboration among (corporate) departments as well as between organizations and the intercultural academic community.
Two data sets were used to complete this research. The first set included members of the corporate business units of Learning and Development.(L&D), Human Resources (HR), and Diversity. The second data set was comprised of interculturalists who hailed from the academic community, the business community, or both.
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Heidebrecht, Sarah E. "Dependency and development in the garment industry: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8614.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design
Joy Kozar
This study examines colonization, development, and globalization in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) with respect to the garment industry, the main industry of the islands. A broad-reaching analysis examined population, gender, economic factors, and import/export data in order to explore the repercussions of garment industry development and subsequent decline on the CNMI. A quantitative analysis was conducted utilizing data from the United States Census Bureau, the CNMI's Department of Commerce, and the U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Textiles and Apparel. This research illustrates how the effects of the garment industry in small developing nations are dramatically impacted by a trade arrangement, the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), which was a protectionist measure used to restrict manufacturing of certain product through a quota system. In addition, this study reveals the economic implications and societal outcomes for the CNMI after the collapse of the garment industry as a result of the 2005 MFA phase-out. Garment production orders shifted to large producer nations once quota restrictions were no longer in place. Factory closures, lost business revenue, and a loss of manufacturing positions affecting predominantly women plagued the CNMI as well as cost-of-living increases. Federalization of the CNMI took place in 2009 which further complicated the islands’ politics and guest worker population status. Tourism is now the CNMI's chief industry although its growth is dismal and heavily reliant upon world economies. A comparison between Mauritius, another small island nation, concludes the discussion with insight on women's development and future considerations for economic growth as a means of development and dependency in the CNMI.
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Jones, Stephen W. "Intercultural development in global service-learning." Scholarly Commons, 2011. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/789.
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This research project examined the effects of participation in a six-month global service-learning program in the intercultural development of a group of students. The students under consideration herein participated in the 2009 program year of the Grace University EDGE Program, which took place in Mali, West Africa.
The present research builds on and contributes to three primary areas of research: intercultural development, service-learning, and study abroad. As the literature in these areas revealed the lack of a consistent way to assess global service-learning, I tried a three-part method of assessment. First, the Intercultural Development Inventory formally measured growth in intercultural competence. Second, guided course-writing generated by the students was used to facilitate followup interviews of most participants, especially considering the intersections between IDI results and students' self-perceptions as reported in their papers. Third, the interviews were coded and explored for information related to the process of intercultural development. The participants, overall, demonstrated positive intercultural competence gains while undergoing a complex process involving the impetus for and experience of development, ultimately resulting in changed patterns of thought.
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Kgoahla, Makholo Seriana. "The role of women's economic contribution in the informal sector of the economy : A case study of women in the Mankweng area in Limpopo." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/908.
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Thesis (M.Dev.) --University of Limpopo, 2006The study entitled The Role of Women’s Economic Contribution in the informal sector of the economy: A case study of women in Mankweng area in the Limpopo Province focuses on the participation of educated women in the Informal Sector of the economy. The participation of women in the economic development has been found to benefit a lot of families headed by women, Black women in particular. In Mankweng, the study found evidence of increased number of women’s participation in the economic development. This mini-thesis is comprised of four chapters. Chapter 1 This chapter is mainly introduction to the study. The chapter includes the problem statement, motivation for the study, aims and objectives and the importance of the study. The chapter also outlines the methodology of the study, the definition of key concepts used in the study and the limitations of the study. Chapter 2 Chapter 2 comprises the literature background for the study. The literature focuses largely on women in the informal sector, their employment opportunities, marginalization in economic activities and constraints on growth that are faced by women in small business enterprises. The literature also reflects on the challenges and limited achievements of women in their respective trading occupations. Chapter 2 looks at the state of women in the economy. The labour market segment theory attempts to explain gender inequalities in employment on the basis that the labour market is compartmentalized. The chapter also looks at the definition of the informal sector. The division of labour and the informal sector focuses on the areas women concentrate in the labour market. Positioning women in the informal sector and the labour market focuses on the role women play in the informal sector. The last part of the chapter deals with the challenges women are faced with and the opportunities available for them in the informal sector. Chapter 3 Chapter 3 focuses on data analysis and interpretation of the findings of the study. The analysis focuses on the respondents’ personal background and their economic activities as recorded during interviews. Chapter 4 Chapter 4 concludes the study by discussing and presenting a summary of the findings of the study and the implications thereof. A conclusive report is made and recommendations for improving the informal sector and for further research are made.
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Dator, Jessica Asne. "The state, market and civil society in the growth areas of Mindanao, Philippines approaches to development governance in the Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines East ASEAN growth area (BIMP-EAGA) sub-region /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57279.pdf.
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Bergdahl, Sarah Sayner. "More than tolerance: development through dialogue on race and cultural differences : a guide to learning in facilitated small groups." Scholarly Commons, 2006. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/638.
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Solomon, Jan Lindsay. "Women-led Community Development Organizations (CDOs) in Miami-Dade County: A Model of Community Development Efforts Impacting the Economic Security of Women." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/926.
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Recent studies on the economic status of women in Miami-Dade County (MDC) reveal an alarming rate of economic insecurity and significant obstacles for women to achieve economic security. Consistent barriers to women’s economic security affect not only the health and wellbeing of women and their families, but also economic prospects for the community. A key study reveals in Miami-Dade County, “Thirty-nine percent of single female-headed families with at least one child are living at or below the federal poverty level” and “over half of working women do not earn adequate income to cover their basic necessities” (Brion 2009, 1). Moreover, conventional measures of poverty do not adequately capture women’s struggles to support themselves and their families, nor do they document the numbers of women seeking basic self-sufficiency. Even though there is lack of accurate data on women in the county, which is a critical problem, there is also a dearth of social science research on existing efforts to enhance women’s economic security in Miami-Dade County. My research contributes to closing the information gap by examining the characteristics and strategies of women-led community development organizations (CDOs) in MDC, working to address women’s economic insecurity.
The research is informed by a framework developed by Marilyn Gittell, who pioneered an approach to study women-led CDOs in the United States. On the basis of research in nine U.S. cities, she concluded that women-led groups increased community participation and “by creating community networks and civic action, they represent a model for community development efforts” (Gittell, et al. 2000, 123).
My study documents the strategies and networks of women-led CDOs in MDC that prioritize women’s economic security. Their strategies are especially important during these times of economic recession and government reductions in funding towards social services.
The focus of the research is women-led CDOs that work to improve social services access, economic opportunity, civic participation and capacity, and women’s rights. Although many women-led CDOs prioritize building social infrastructures that promote change, inequalities in economic and political status for women without economic security remain a challenge (Young 2004).
My research supports previous studies by Gittell, et al., finding that women-led CDOs in Miami-Dade County have key characteristics of a model of community development efforts that use networking and collaboration to strengthen their broad, integrated approach. The resulting community partnerships, coupled with participation by constituents in the development process, build a foundation to influence policy decisions for social change.
In addition, my findings show that women-led CDOs in Miami-Dade County have a major focus on alleviating poverty and economic insecurity, particularly that of women. Finally, it was found that a majority of the five organizations network transnationally, using lessons learned to inform their work of expanding the agency of their constituents and placing the economic empowerment of women as central in the process of family and community development.
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Senyel, Muzeyyen Anil. "GEOGRAPHY AND THE COSTS OF URBAN ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE: THE CASE OF ELECTRICITY AND NATURAL GAS CAPITAL INVESTMENTS." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1385408666.
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Svensson, Susan Lynn. "A contextualized instructional design approach : integrating intercultural competence development into email computer training." Scholarly Commons, 2012. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/819.
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Email communication within a diverse workplace poses intercultural communication challenges (Martin & Nakayama, 2007). This study aims to make a contribution to the literature by examining how these challenges can be addressed through email computer training. For this study, I set out to understand and demonstrate how, within the instructional design process, contextualized curriculum can be created that integrates intercultural competency and email proficiency. This thesis includes a draft of an instructional plan and course outline for an email computer class that focuses on developing intercultural awareness and skills in the context of an email training course. First, I examined email computer curricula, specifically the topics, course goals, and course objectives common to the curricula. As a result of this examination, I discovered that email training is limited to the technical aspects of email communication. Additionally, I surveyed intercultural communication professionals about intercultural topics applicable to email communication. Their survey responses indicated cultural differences account for some, but not all email workplace challenges. For example, they believed it is important to address intercultural elements like low vs. high context when writing an email message, and power distance and levels of formality when writing greetings and closings. Additionally, their feedback indicated that it is important to address direct vs. indirect communication styles when writing the main point and linear vs. circular cognitive styles when organizing text within an email. I incorporated their perspectives in my course outline. Finally, experts from the fields of instructional design, intercultural communication, and computer training reviewed a draft of the plan and outline. Although their feedback indicated that the premise and approach were sound and achievable, they differed in their evaluation of specific elements of the course. In general, their perspectives reflected their professional focus. For example, they either recommended a stronger focus on the technical aspects or a stronger focus on the intercultural aspects of the course design. Detailed comments pertained to the fine-tuning of the objectives, timing of the individual lessons, and other instructional elements needed for any polished professional course outline
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Keinan, Julia A. "A Comparative Analysis of Indicators for Female Labor Force Participation across Developed and Developing Countries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1015.
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Female labor force participation varies widely across regions and cultures, typically with more working women in developed than developing countries. Because there are significant differences between developed and developing countries that go beyond GDP, this paper examines the effects of certain development indicators on female workforce participation across these countries. Using models from past literature, I include indicators that cover personal and labor market characteristics. In this analysis, I find that education and unemployment rates continue to be significant determinants of female labor force participation in both developed and developing countries, with several key differences in the effect of various types of unemployment. Furthermore, my study supports the existence of an initial tradeoff between female labor force participation and development as the economic sectors within a country shift. These results provide valuable insights on these general trends across national borders and therefore are important for policy makers.
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Tsai, Sunny. "The Growth of Consumer Debt and its Effect on Economic Performance in Emerging Market Economies: Turkey, China, Brazil." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/503.
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As emerging market economies gain increasing influence and importance in the global economy, any development with a potentially destabilizing effect on the economic performance on such countries should be carefully monitored. This paper examines one particular development: the rise of consumer debt. Through the case studies of Turkey, China, and Brazil, this paper seeks to analyze the relationship between an increase in consumer debt and a country's GDP growth in emerging markets and how a detrimental relationship could severely impact the international economy at large.
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Sharma, Kohsheen. "Voices of Women: The Impact of Women's Political Reservations on Female Child Mortality in India." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1134.
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This paper uses state-level variation in the implementation of the 73rd amendment in India to observe the relationship between political reservations for women in local government and female child mortality. Nationally, reservations for women are not associated with a statistically significant difference in female child mortality. However, a state by state analysis shows variations in the level of impact of reservations on the topic of female child mortality. This paper examines the constraints on female representatives and their level of effectiveness in executing pro-female policies given the political and social environment. The two case studies on Kerala and Haryana explore women office holder’s abilities to administer public goods that favor women and children and the subsequent impact on female child mortality.
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Haffner, Stephanie C. "Has the Franco-German Power Balance in the European Union Tipped in Favor of Germany?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/194.
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The power balance between France and Germany in the European Union has been one of great discussion and debate. Countless journalists and scholars have argued that Germany’s power has risen gradually against the seemingly perpetually stronger France over the past sixty years, and is now finally set to surpass France; but how true are these claims? How can power within the EU truly be measured? Through an analysis of Franco-German collaboration through unionization, a critique of the contemporary discourse on the relationship, and an examination of changing contributions to the EU budget, my paper argues that the Franco-German power balance has never been truly equal, as Germany has continually been the largest source of economic power in the European Union since its creation.
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Johnson, Graham Mathieu. "The Impact of Colleges on House Prices in Ohio." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1212551133.
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Good, Jennifer E. "Fossil Fuel Subsidies: Impacts and Reform Strategies." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/687.
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This thesis uses cross-country panel regressions to identify the effects of fossil-fuel subsidies for both oil importers and oil exporters on GDP growth, industry growth, crowding out of government expenditures in education, health, and infrastructure, government debt, carbon dioxide emissions, inequality and poverty. Fossil-fuel subsidies are found to be associated with lower levels of growth and industry growth, less government expenditure on health and education, poorer infrastructure quality, more government debt, and higher rates of carbon dioxide emissions. No relationship is found between fossil fuel subsidies and poverty and inequality. These results confirm the arguments of those that argue that fossil-fuel subsidies should be rationalized.
However, removing subsidies is politically challenging. In order to identify strategies for fossil fuel reform, the successful reform efforts of Indonesia and Turkey are examined. These cases are then used to draw lessons for governments undertaking subsidy reform. The key strategies used were to exempt some regions, groups, or fuels from reform, use funds from subsidy removal for social safety nets and other poverty alleviation programs, time the reforms strategically, and communicate clearly to the public the reason for reform and how the funds will be used. These lessons are applied to countries in the developing Middle East and North Africa, including Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco.
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Morrison, Kevin M. "An exploration of onsite study abroad support services in Latin America for gay and lesbian students with emphasis on identity development and identity negotiation." Scholarly Commons, 2007. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/665.
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This study focuses on the challenges faced by U.S. college students who identify as gay or lesbian and choose to study abroad in Latin American countries. The focus is on the challenges to the formation and negotiation of a gay or lesbian identity in a new cultural construct. The study incorporates information from identity development and identity negotiation perspectives in an effort to explain the problems that these students face. There is also an emphasis placed on how these students receive support while on site, and how these supports help students continue a successful negotiation of a gay or lesbian identity while in a new cultural environment. Recommendations for providing effective support to gay and lesbian students are included.
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Anjos, Jeniffer Natalie Silva dos. "Desenvolvimento regional da área de livre comércio de Boa Vista e suas implicações socioespaciais a partir de um estudo geoestratégico." Universidade Federal de Roraima, 2014. http://www.bdtd.ufrr.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=251.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorCom o objetivo de construir um estudo sobre a Área de Livre Comércio de Boa Vista a partir da política de integração regional para a Amazônia Ocidental, a presente pesquisa discorre sobre os aspectos de interdependência na composição das esferas intra-regionais e inter-regionais resultantes das ações de regionalização programadas pelo Estado nacional para as áreas que apresentam diferenças regionais impactantes na sua economia em comparação as demais regiões brasileiras. Com base nas leis de criação e regulamentação da área de livre comércio de Boa Vista a pesquisa se fundamenta na concepção de ações políticas para o desenvolvimento das áreas localizadas em circuitos econômicos inferiores e dependentes de escalas com economias especializadas. Fundamentando-se no conceito de políticas de desenvolvimento regional a cidade Boa Vista é avaliada como local receptor de ações estatais impostas a nível hierárquico. Nessas condições o regime aduaneiro especial do tipo área de livre comércio é avaliado como uma política de integração e de desenvolvimento regional fracassada, apresentando não mais que uma ação compensatória ao desgaste e inércia econômica do estado de Roraima. Estabelecidas sobre as alternativas de desenvolvimento pulverizadas pelo Estado e pelas elites regionais as tímidas transformações socioeconômicas na cidade não resultam da eficácia do modelo de desenvolvimento proposto para a Amazônia e em especial para Boa Vista.
Aiming to introduce a study about the Trade free Area in Boa Vista -RR from the regional integration policy for the Western Amazon perspective, this research discusses the aspects of interdependence in the composition of intra - regional and inter - regional levels resulting from actions regionalization programmed by the national government for the areas that present striking regional differences in its economy compared to other Brazilian regions. Based on the laws of creation and regulation of the free trade area of Boa Vista, this research is based on the design of policies for the development of areas located in lower economic circuits and dependent of scales with specialized economies. Basing on the concept of regional development policies the city of Boa Vista is evaluated as receptor of State actions imposed in a hierarchical level. Under these conditions the special customs regime of free trade area type is reported as an integration policy and failed regional development, presented no more than a compensatory action due the economic inertia and inroad of the state of Roraima. Established on alternative of development sprayed by state and regional elites, little socioeconomic transformations in the city do not result in the efficiency of development model proposed for the Amazon and in particular for Boa Vista.
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Shade, Lindsay. "Politics below the Surface: A Political Ecology of Mineral Rights and Land Tenure Struggles in Appalachia and the Andes." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/50.
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This dissertation examines how confusion and lack of access to information about subsurface property rights facilitates the rapid acquisition of mineral rights by mining interests, leaving those who live 'above the surface' to contend with complicated corporate and bureaucratic apparatuses. The research focuses on the first proposed state-run large scale mining project in Ecuador, believed to contain copper ores, and on the natural gas hydrofracking industry in three counties in north central West Virginia. Qualitative and visual methods, including mapping, are employed to determine (i.) how the geography of subsurface ownership patterns is changing, (ii.) links between changes in subsurface ownership and surface ownership, and (iii.) how these changes are facilitated or impeded by institutional and governance practices.
Rights and permit acquisitions are facilitated by state institutions, which often have strategic interests in mineral development. Accordingly, this research also considers the role of state strategy with respect to the establishment, bureaucratic management, and enforcement of vertical territory, which reflects the state’s interest in and sovereign claim over subterranean resources to benefit the nation. The research finds that the historical separation of subsurface property rights from the surface is associated with a persistent weakening of surface holder claims to land in favor of mining development, and that this weakening has contributed to the long-term persistence of absentee ownership and control over land in Ecuador and West Virginia. Viewing subsurface land deals from the perspective of those whose lives are disrupted on the surface, I conclude from this work that mundane practices such as deed transfers and local micropolitics about land use are significant factors in the lead up to larger scale violences and silences, such as forced displacement and even political imprisonment of activists opposed to extraction.
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Kim, Hyuncheol. "Economic perspectives on the siting of a municipal solid waste facility." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765031531&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233361937&clientId=23440.
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Woldegies, Belete Deribie Dr. "Economic Empowerment Through Income Generating Activities and Social Mobilization: The Case of Married Amhara Women of Wadla Woreda, North Wollo Zone, Ethiopia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1414506522.
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Kolbe, Elizabeth Leigh. "Visualizing and Quantifying a Normative Scenario for Agriculture in Northeast Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366553296.
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Jonathan, Norris Allen. "Transitioning Central Appalachia: Understanding Framework Conditions Supporting the Adaptation to New Energy Economies." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1524242893014265.
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Shears, Andrew B. "Hurricane Katrina and New Orleans: Discursive Spaces of Safety and Resulting Environmental Injustice." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1311009183.
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