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Knutsson, Anna. "Development Inc.? : Public-Private Partnerships in Development Cooperation." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1407.
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The overarching purpose of this study is to examine the role of the corporation as it expresses itself in a public-private partnership in development cooperation. The research purpose is expressed in the overarching research question: How does the role of the corporation express itself in a PPP in development cooperation? A further purpose of this essay is also to define the characteristics of a successful public-private partnership. Due to limited time and resources the study will be based on the empirical material from a case study on the Growing Sustainable Business initiative of UNDP. Three Swedish corporations participated in this program: ABB, Tetra Pak, and Ericsson. Through studies of ABB and Tetra Pak the essay sets out to answer the empirical research questions: (1) What is considered to be a successful PPP from the Swedish experience? And (2) How does the Swedish experience match the model (of a PPP) presented in the theoretical literature?
Stakeholder theory and the theory of corporate social responsibility will be used to explain the role of corporations in public-private partnerships in the context of development cooperation. Public-private partnerships in their theoretical conceptualization are hybrid organization between the state, the market and in some cases also civil society. In order to evaluate the success of such constellations this study draws on an article of Faranak Miraftab, in which not only the effectiveness but also the equity of a PPP is discussed. The material for this study was based on primary sources in the form of interviews conducted with ABB, Tetra Pak, and Sida.
Theoretically, the study shows that an increased legitimate power for the corporation comes with a PPP. However, in order for the PPP to be successful for all partners there is a need for increased governmental regulation. The success of a PPP also depends on the behavior of the corporation, and what its interests are. The conclusions drawn from the empirical study is that the role of the corporation changes from the traditional role of shareholder interest to a wider responsibility towards stakeholders. The study can be seen as an initial study for further research in the field of PPPs and development cooperation, but also for studies relating to the responsibilities of corporations as they gain greater political influence.
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Horváth, Réka. "Cooperation in research and development." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4024.
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Esta tesis contribuye tanto a la literatura teórica como a la literatura empírica sobre proyectos conjuntos de investigación.En primer lugar analizo el problema que los proyectos conjuntos de investigación no garantizan siempre una cooperación beneficiosa porque las empresas que participan no actuan siempre como seria de esperar. También hay vezes que proyectos conjuntos de investigación que parecen beneficiosos no se realizan. Este fenomeno se puede explicar por la existencia de información asimetrica entre los participantes y el hecho que ellos no pueden firmar contratos sobre la transferencía de conocimiento. Este problema es especialmente importante quando las empresas compitenen el mercado de producto o en otras actividades de I+D y consecuentemente no tienen incentivos propios para transferir su conocimiento. En mi tesis propongo una solución para este problema: las empresas se pueden comprometer con su nivel de deuda para transferir su conocimiento. Demuestro que elnivel de deuda tiene influencia sobre la transferencia de información y que existen unas condiciones sobre la función de benefício que guarantizan que las empresas tengan deuda positiva en equilibrio. Gracias a la posibilidad de financiación por deuda el nivel de trancferencia de información en equilibrio es más alto que en caso de financiación interna. Es decir que la deuda funciona como instrumento de compromiso para compartir información. Por eso contratos sobre el nivel de la deuda sustituyen parcialmente los contratos sobre la transferencia de conocimiento y esta posibilidad aumenta el nivel de bienestar. Tambien presento una prueba empirica de mi modelo y concluyo que empresas con mas deuda participan en proyectos conjuntos de investigación con una probabilidad más alta.
En la segunda parte de mi disertación utilizo tecnicas de microeconometria para investigar la relación entre participación en proyectos conjuntos de investigación y productividad. Hay que tener mucho cuidado con la evaluación de beneficios en productividad de cooperación en I+D porque la cooperación también tiene un impacto sobre los gastos de investigación y la estructura de competencia en la industría. Teniendo en cuenta estos efectos utilizo un panel muy grande de empresas de los EEUU, Japón y la Unión Europea. Encuentro que los proyectos conjuntos de investigación aumentan la productividad de los participantes. También presento resultados que indican indirectamente que empresas en cooperación horizontal de I+D comparten los gastosde la investigación.
En la tercera parte de mi tesis analizo los incentivos para iniciar proyectos conjuntos de investigación. Ademas de investigar los incentivos generales de empresas presto atención a la cooperación horizontal de I+D. Encuentro que empresas en este tipo de cooperación comparten los gastos de de investigación. Este resultado confirma los resultados de la literatura teorica.
The work presented in this dissertation contributes both to the theoretical and the empirical literature on research joint ventures.
Firstly, I analyse the problem that in spite of the advantages mentioned above, research joint ventures do not always guarantee fruitful cooperation as partners may not deliver what is expected from them. Also, there are cases when firms do not start potentially very profitable RJVs. These failures can be due to the problem that firms cannot contract the transfer of the know-how and without the required amount of information disclosure the RJV is not profitable. This problem arises especially when firms are competitors either in the product market or in other R&D activities and therefore do not have the right incentives to share their knowledge. I propose a novel way to alleviate this problem. I show that firms can use their debt level as a commitment to disclose know-how. I find that there is a direct relationship between the debt of a firm and the incentives to disclose its know-how in a RJV. Moreover, I show conditions on the profit functions under which firms, in equilibrium, finance at least partially with debt. Due to the possibility of debt financing, the equilibrium level of disclosure is higher than in case of equity/internal financing. That is, the leverage acts as a commitment device to share knowledge. Hence, contracting on debt levels is sometimes a partial substitute of contracting on disclosure of know-how. Therefore, the possibility of debt financing is likely is improve welfare. I also present empirical evidence that firms with more leveraged financial structure are more likely to participate in horizontal research joint ventures.
In the second section of the thesis I provide a microeconometric analysis of the impact of RJV participation on productivity. Evaluating the overall benefits of cooperative research is very difficult because the cooperation may have an impact both on R&D spending and the competitive structure of the industry. Controling for this effects, I study the productivity implications of research joint venture participation using a large panel of European, Japanese and US companies. I find evidence that joint R&D increases productivity. I also find indirect evidence for cost sharing in horizontal research consortia.
Finally, I analyse the firms' incentives to engage in cooperative research. After conducting a simple investigation into general firm characteristics that are associated with RJV participation, the analysis mainly focuses on horizontal research joint ventures, i.e. when firms engage in cooperative research with their direct competitors. I find evidence for cost sharing in horizontal research joint ventures, which is consistent with the results of the theoretical literature.
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Steingass, Sebastian Dionysius. "Federating EU development cooperation? : Europe's contributions to international development effectiveness." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283603.
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The European Union (EU) has long strived to act collectively in the face of international challenges such as poverty, hunger and state fragility beyond its borders. While the EU member states and institutions seek coherent responses to these challenges, they also have partly competing agendas. Yet there has been increasing agreement on collective action. To understand this agreement, this thesis asks how policy professionals contribute to the advocacy of policy norms for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states. The research analyses policy processes in EU development cooperation since the early 2000s. In development cooperation the EU's effectiveness has been particularly contested because of the combination of competing ideas about the EU's role and about how to achieve effective and sustainable development. The research finds that, while formal decisions about collective action remain in the hands of member states, transnational networks of policy professionals in the EU institutions, member state bureaucracies and civil society contribute to shaping the terms of debate regarding the EU's role in effective development cooperation. These network interactions, which form around institutional decision-making centres, transcend the organisational boundaries of member state bureaucracies, EU institutions and civil society organisations. These findings fill a gap in our understanding of how EU norms governing collective external action are advocated as existing research has tended to focus on how institutional structure facilitate state coordination. By concentrating on the cases of Germany and the United Kingdom and their engagement with the EU institutions, the research revises existing, dominant views on norm advocacy in EU external action: It links the previously little related concepts of norm advocacy and discursive networks to analyse the agency and scope of policy professionals in the advocacy of EU policy norms; and it provides new empirical insights into the role of these policy professionals for collective action between the EU institutions and the member states in development cooperation.
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Svedberg, Linda. "Partnership in Development Cooperation - Reality or Utopia?" Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-521.
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In international development cooperation of today there is a great multitude of NGOs in Developing countries that are financed by Western donors. Facing criticism of imperialism and lack of local anchorage the concept of partnership has been introduced which is based on mutual cooperation where the local partner is the one responsible to define problems and implement the work. The Swedish International Development Agency - Sida has practised partnership for over ten years. This study looks at the perception and function of this policy from Swedish organizations point of view by interviewing representatives from four organisations working under Sida cooperating with foreign partners. Findings reveals a great difference between aim and reality where the equality partnership refers to is absent. The main obstacles were to create an open dialogue and that Sida turn down applications based on local needs as they don’t fit their current trends. Power-inequalities created by economic resources cannot be ignored and the traditional roles of donor and receiver with a paternalistic undertone persists. The partnership approach needs to be reconsidered in terms of definition and extent if it is to be realistic and beneficial for both parts.
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Ralston, Laura R. (Laura Rosalind). "Essays on conflict, cooperation and economic development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81049.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-182).
This dissertation consists of three chapters on topics relating to conflict, social cooperation and development economics. Several studies have identified the impact of adverse economic shocks on civil conflict using rainfall variation as an instrument for income or growth. The first chapter contributes to this literature by carrying out a micro-level analysis on the relationship between climate and resource variation with armed conflict using a novel dataset on inter-tribal violence manifested through livestock raids in a pastoral-dependent region of East African called the Karamoja. Consistent with previous work, I find that across the region there is a negative relationship between resources and conflict, when resources are measured with forage. However, I also find that both decreases and increases in rainfall are correlated with conflict across the region. This bimodal relationship between precipitation and conflict persists when I analyse raid-location and tribe specific variation in rainfall, while the relationship between forage and raiding is less clear. There is some indication that forage-scarcity motivates tribes to carry out raids and forage-scarce sublocations appear to be more vulnerable to raids and livestock losses, but these results are not robust to all specifications. In the second chapter, I study the effect of Uganda's 2006 disarmament policy in the Karamoja region in East Africa. The disarmament policy greatly reduced the guns of tribes in the Ugandan districts of the region but not in the Kenyan districts. The theoretical impact of the disarmament is ambiguous, however, since guns can be used for deterrence as well as helping aggressors carry out violent crimes, such as livestock raiding. Empirically, I find that the disarmament campaign had the unintended effect of increasing the frequency of raids in Uganda by about 40%, while, consistent with the idea that disarmament reduced the costs of raiding, I find no impact on the monthly death rate. Moreover, the increase in raids in Uganda was driven by an increase in Ugandan initiated raids on other Ugandans, not an increase in Kenyan initiated raids on Ugandans, suggesting that within Uganda the deterrent effect of guns outweighs their impact as a tool of aggression. In the third chapter, written jointly with Johannes Haushofer, we study the impact of stress on social behavior by exogenously stimulating the two biological systems associated with stress: the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and noradrenergic (NA) system and measuring behavior in interactive tasks in a laboratory experiment. Our preliminary findings suggest that the concurrent stimulation of both systems, through the administration of 60mg of hydrocortisone and 20mg of yohimbine, did not lead to statistically detectable changes to behavior in any of the social tasks. It did, however, manifest in lower opinions of the trustworthiness and fairness of other people, as well as a decrease in the value associated with helping other people, as measured through a visual analog scale survey. Given these initial results, we find preliminary evidence for a relationship between stress and anti-social behavior as revealed through lower beliefs on social standards. JEL Classification: C91, K42, Q56
by Laura R. Ralston.
Ph.D.
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Lima, Susana Maria Peixoto Godinho. "International cooperation for development in tourism destinations." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14082.
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Doutoramento em TurismoThe main goal of this thesis is to propose a conceptual theoretical model of critical success factors of International Development Cooperation programmes that are based in knowledge transfer approaches in the context of tourism development. The research was structured around three main theoretical pillars: international development cooperation (IDC), tourism as a tool for development, and knowledge transfer (KT). By exploring these pillars´ main interrelations, it was possible to gather the necessary background to develop the theoretical model and apply it to a real context. It was adopted a qualitative research approach using as a case study an IDC programme in tourism - the UNWTO.Volunteers programme. The key contribution of this thesis in the theoretical realm is the bridging of fields of study that are insufficiently covered in the scientific literature. The resulting model proposal applied to a real context of an IDC programme implementation permitted to test it partially providing useful insights for future research. It is postulated that IDC programmes in these contexts constitute a process rather than an end in itself. Therefore, they should be seen as a way of changing the state of the art of the tourism system in a sustainable manner so that it potentially generates positive development changes. This study suggested that it is not possible to achieve positive results if, instead of encouraging a KT and learning environment, it is simply disseminated knowledge in a linear, static, north-south approach. The characteristics of these interventions should be reviewed in that it was found that it is very difficult to guarantee the maintenance of the development changes induced by them if it is not safeguarded the necessary conditions and accountability to implement the recommended actions. While it was perceived a great potential for development changes to be induced by some IDC programmes in tourism destinations, it was concluded that these processes are too much dependent on the local political systems and existing power relations, as well as on the level of tourism development of the destination. However, more research is needed to examine the ability to generalise the findings to other IDC programmes and different destinations of developing countries.
O objectivo principal desta tese é desenvolver um modelo conceptual sobre os factores críticos de sucesso dos programas de turismo e cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento que se baseiam na transferência de conhecimento. O modelo teórico proposto procura preencher uma lacuna na literatura científica relativamente ao turismo e à cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento e o papel da transferência de conhecimento como um meio para induzir alterações positivas em termos de desenvolvimento humano. Foi desenvolvida uma abordagem de investigação qualitativa através de um estudo de caso do programa UNWTO.Volunteers. O principal contributo teórico desta tese é estabelecer uma ponte entre vários campos de investigação que não estão suficientemente estudados na literatura científica de forma integrada - transferência de conhecimento, turismo e a cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Com o modelo teórico proposto pretende-se contribuir para a investigação futura, tendo este sido aplicado e testado parcialmente no contexto real da implementação de um programa de cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento. Este estudo sugere que não é possível obter resultados satisfatórios nestes programas se, em vez de potenciar a transferência de conhecimento e a criação de um ambiente propício à partilha de conhecimento, forem adotadas abordagens estáticas e lineares Norte-Sul. O estudo sugere que as características destes projectos de desenvolvimento devem ser revistas no sentido em que se torna difícil garantir que as alterações induzidas inicialmente pelos programas perdurem no tempo depois daqueles terminarem. O estudo tornou evidente que existe um grande potencial para uma efetiva transferência de conhecimento que contribua para a melhoria das condições de vida e do desenvolvimento dos destinos intervencionados, mas que os mesmos estão demasiadamente dependentes dos sistemas políticos locais e das relações de poder existentes, assim como do seu nível do desenvolvimento turístico. É necessário desenvolver mais investigação para analisar outros programas em diferentes contextos de aplicação para que se possam generalizar os resultados para outros programas de cooperação de destinos de países em desenvolvimento.
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Daurer, Vanessa. "What is Development? : Peruvian local perception on “development” and foreign development aid- a way to a “non-westernized” development?" Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för juridik, ekonomi, statistik och politik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4393.
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Abstract“Development” is an essentially contested concept within academia and some critics, the so-called post-development school, argue that the concept and practice of development is a world-view monopolizing our imagination. The school of thought promotes alternative ways to think about development but is merely at the theoretical level and lacks taking into account empirical cases. Therefore, this theoretical approach is to test and develop existing literature and the theory is originating from the work of Michel Foucault and theory of post-development’s presented hegemonic development discourse. The aim is to study Peruvian NGO executives’ perceptions on development and alternative development collaborations through in-depth interviews and a critical case study design. The study reveals an alternative thinking about “development” and local perceptions challenge the “truth” of the hegemonic development discourse. A donor-recipient relation is visible where local knowledge is limited and local NGOs are coerced into new behaviors to satisfy donors’ demands. Studying “periphery” grass-root voices from the Third World is important to be able to imagine “development” differently in discourses silenced, limited and at the margins.
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Clay, Karen Elaine. "South-South Cooperation as an Alternative Development Strategy: Rethinking Development Cooperation through South-South Cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean- Brazil and Haiti." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3206.
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The dissertation examined the South-South cooperation as an alternative development strategy for Southern countries by targeting the collaboration between Brazil and Haiti, two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Examining development cooperation between Brazil and Haiti could contribute to a better understanding of the central question, why Southern countries engage in South-South cooperation?
In the context of the 2008 financial crisis and the ensuing reduction of aid coming from Global North countries to developing countries, South-South cooperation has become an alternative economic and political arrangement from the more traditional North-South framework. For this reason, South-South cooperation between emerging donors and recipients was deemed an important development for the international aid architecture as a whole.
A combination of semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires were conducted to capture the professional, diplomatic and political perspectives of high-ranking officials, leaders and experts on South-South cooperation and Latin American and Caribbean relations. The study’s findings revealed that the benefits and challenges of the South-South cooperation framework does not affect development in a conclusive way.
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Hamidudin, Sarah. "Towards inclusive governance in international development : the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.706685.
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The Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation (GPEDC) is a recently formed partnership with the aim of helping “nations, business and organizations work better together to end poverty” (GPEDC, 2014). The GPEDC is open to any entity that has a role to play in poverty eradication and global development and which endorses the founding principles of “effective development” (GPEDC, 2014). In this thesis, the origins and evolution of the GPEDC is traced in order to understand its formation process and the role it plays within a larger constellation of actors, organisations, structures and concepts that interplay to form the international development governance system. The study provides theoretical and empirical insight into how different types of actors work together via a situational analysis of dominant themes in the academic studies of international development and global governance studies and through original research data. This thesis makes two claims. Firstly, that the constitutive processes of multi-stakeholder partnerships such as the GPEDC are as important as the substantial problem they were formed to address; design must be considered with attention given to the agenda, actor identity and internal and external structures. Secondly, an augmented version of Scholte’s (2012) conceptual framework on Inclusive Governance takes it beyond structural concerns (individuals, institutions and structures) to include processes and normative frameworks as constitutive pathways for more inclusive ways of working.
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Eckert, Daniel, Wolfgang Janko, and Johann Mitlöhner. "Evolution of cooperation and discrimination in software development." Institut für Informationsverarbeitung und Informationswirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2004. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1672/1/document.pdf.
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Software development projects typically involve repeated interactions among several groups of people. This setting seems well suited for an analysis by means of the standard-model of the evolution of cooperation, the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma. Computer simulations of a population of stochastic reactive strategies show that the existence of intergroup discrimination can be modeled endogeneously as a result of noise due to misperception of the opponent's move. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers on Information Systems, Information Business and Operations
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Hu, Guohua. "The state (re)production of scale : a case study of Shenshan Special Cooperation Zone, China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/854.
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The scale is a fundamental yet controversial concept in human geography. Among diverse views over scale, this thesis draws insights from the process-based approach of scale jumping. It is a key notion to understand scale as a process, yet few explorations have been made on making use of its methodological values. Thus this thesis seeks to elaborate the notion by redeveloping it as an analytical framework. Four key elements are therefore concerned: (a) actors and their purposes; (b) directions; (c) approaches; and (d) outcomes. These elements form a framework to investigate the rescaling process of economic space in China. Conventional studies suggest that in the context of global competition, the role of state in scale (re)production has changed from a passive to an active actor. In China, where the state plays an active role in facilitating the economy, different levels of state actors, such as government officials and institutions, are involved in the (re)production of scale. Using the production of Shenshan Special Cooperation Zone (SSCZ) as a case study, the abovementioned four elements are investigated. Specifically, there are three research questions: (a) why do local governments rescale their economy? (b) How do local governments build SSCZ? And (c) what is the outcome of rescaling through SSCZ? The qualitative research method is used to collect data and other information for this research. This includes desktop searches and interviews of businessmen, planners, government officials, and local residents. Through a detailed investigation of the production of SSCZ, this research reveals the role of local governments, their intentions for rescaling, the approaches they used, and the outcomes of the rescaling
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Turtle, Henrik. "South-North Cooperation : Exploring the symbolic regime of a ‘new’ development cooperation paradigm." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-449711.
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This thesis studies the symbolic regimes of Southern and Northern development cooperation partners. Symbolic regime is understood as the jointly articulated discourse of the Southern and Northern development partners. South-North cooperation is a suitable topic for study due to its peculiarity. The power structure typically seen in development cooperation is inverted, with the Southern country being the primary architect of cooperation between the two countries, unlike in traditional development cooperation. The study is placed in the context of wider research on convergence between Southern and Northern countries. Symbolic regimes are studied by inductively generating theoretical categories using a grounded theory method on documents from China’s Belt and Road Initiative and comparing those categories with established North-South and South-South symbolic regimes, which are framed using gift theory. The results suggest that China and its Northern partners’ symbolic regime is similar to the symbolic regime from South-South cooperation, without the emotional claims of solidarity or empathy. Jointly articulated discourse was found primarily to detail intended consequences and facilitating conditions, while individually articulated material showed that there are realities which are obscured by the symbolic regimes.
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SCARPATI, FEDERICO ANTONIO VIGNATI. "COOPERATION AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN RIO DE JANEIRO CITY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2001. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2259@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICONos últimos anos, o processo de organização do turismo na cidade do Rio de Janeiro vem ganhando profissionalismo, valor que acelera e orienta seus agentes a seguir novos caminhos e utilizar novas práticas para agir e coordenar maiores e melhores processos que dinamizem e formalizem a indústria do turismo na cidade.
The tourism development process in Rio de Janeiro city has becomo more profissional specially in the last years. This professionalism helps tourism administrators think in new ways and new practices to coordinate more and better development processes which may accelerate and help built a strong Tourism in the city.The tourism development process in Rio de Janeiro city has becomo more profissional specially in the last years. This professionalism helps tourism administrators think in new ways and new practices to coordinate more and better development processes which may accelerate and help built a strong Tourism in the city.
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Martin, Laura Andreae. "Culture, cooperation, and planning for development in Maputo, Mozambique." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90212.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 74-78).
Cooperation projects rooted in cultural ties, such as South-South cooperation, are contemporarily receiving unprecedented attention from the international development community. This focus on specific types of partnerships points to an increasing concern that who a development actor partners with matters. One reason behind the comparative advantage of South-South cooperation is that countries from the global South have similar social and cultural situations. Yet when and how culture practically matters to development has not been thoroughly explored within urban planning. This thesis examines whether, when, and how cultural affinities matter for the successful design, management, and implementation of urban planning projects in the global South with international partnerships. By exploring the experiences of urban professionals working on collaborative projects in Maputo, Mozambique, this thesis argues that broadly speaking, culture does matter for cooperation and urban development, but whether cultural affinities and differences matter or not for a project largely depends on the project's context. Simply speaking, national culture does not always matter. Consideration of culture beyond the national level to a subcultural level, such as employment and organization-type, often specifies when, how, and how much cultural affinities matter with cross-cultural urban planning cooperation projects. Ultimately, culture is a factor that needs to be more explicitly explored at a nuanced level and included in the design and management of collaborative urban planning projects. Further, culture should be a topic of conversation in promoting reflective practice and the goal of learning in development, such that cross-cultural exchange can be more enabling for urban development.
by Laura Andreae Martin.
M.C.P.
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Dolkemeyer, Gesa. "South Korea’s Development Cooperation Policies – A Role Theoretical Approach." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23557.
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This thesis explores South Korea’s role within international development cooperation through a role theoretical analysis of the country’s development cooperation policies. The purpose of this paper is to shed a light on the possibilities and benefits of applying role theory within the field of international development cooperation, while focusing on South Korea, as a case of an emerging and quickly advancing donor. In order to reveal national role conceptions, as well as the alter’s role prescriptions, the paper puts forward a qualitative content analysis, looking at documents issued by South Korea and the OECD that concern its development cooperation policies. Hereby, it becomes evident that South Korea’s role is highly influenced by its own development experience and recent transformation from recipient into donor state. The experience the country has gained builds the foundation for its own perception as a donor, as well as for the expectations of other OECD Member countries and is, thus, translated into South Korea’s development cooperation policies.
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Al-Khalifa, Rana Isa Daij. "The Gulf Cooperation Council: regional, institutional and legal development." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484832.
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The question addressed in this study is whether the' Gulf Coopenition Council has real potential, intention or will to develop towards stronger forms of organization leading towards integration? What is the geo-politiCal. and i~stitutional space with~n ·which the organization may expand? The inst~tutional shape and geo-political range of the·· organization are at the heart of the ~dy. The form of the study is-theoretical and analytic, calling on social and political theory and principles of law as well as politics and economy in a conventional way. Theory of regional organizations and their formal legal . qualities are important to the study. Controlled comparison with the European CommunitylUnion is made. _ The GCC is founded· on cohering factors of culture and social system, developmental economy and shared security and strategic vulnerability. 'Rentier' socio-economy, 'oil, rent and welfare' underwrite the modem Gulf States. The Gulf Cooperation Council, as presently constituted, is primarily 'intergovernmental' in character. Sovereignties are established by and in law, but joining them regionally is 'highly political'. The Charter and the Unified Economic Agreement are the 'constitutive instruments' of the organization,· hence understanding the organization is a matter of politics and of law. A new Econom~c Agreement (2001) supersedes the UEA and creates greater integrative prospects. -'Cooperation', 'coordination' and 'integration' are declared modes ofpolicy and action in the Gulf Cooperation Council. Regional enterprise may be seen to be explicitly (in the ED) or implicitly (in the GCC) an integrative course. Intergovernmentalism is a notable aspect of the GCC. Pragmatism rather than theory or ideology informs the organization, but this leads to excessive caution and concession to Member States' sovereignties, and so inhibited integrative progress. The organization's accomplishments so far are believed to fall short of intentions and expectations so that-the issue of greater 'assured effectiveness' should be pursued. Elements of developmental integration are set out in the study. Functional linkage and progressive institutionalization are indicated. However, 'creative leadership' is vital in order to pass autonomous powers of decision-making, with 'direct effect' from the Member States to the organization. Institutionalization of powers of decision-making in and for the region and powers of enforcement follow ifthe Gulf regional organization is to be advanced as a truly effective, supervening body. At present the organization relies on the 'highest authority' of its principal decision-making organ, the Supreme Council' (Ministerial Council). The principles and practices of the traditional political-legal systems ofthe six Member States prevaiL However, 'competence' to decide is not power to have implemented. 'Dual' status of the Supreme Council is discussed. The·Supreme Council, constituted as 'meetings of heads of states' (,summits') exercising their 'full powers' as Rulers, does not have the status of a substantive corporate body. The regional system is dependent on the traditional legitimacy of the Rulers' and their 'highest authority'\ and so on 'trust' among them. But transfer by analogy to the regional organization does not work. The political theory ofconsensus, consent and trust is deployed. 'Leadership choice' (or 'preference') has not driven the organization clearly in the direction of integration. Agreements founded solely in conSent and consensus are not enforceable. What is compelling in principle does not lead to 'assured effectiveness' in practice. The GCe is not based on 'rule of law', and there is no juristic instrument. The Commission for the Settlement of Disputes is irrelevant. Regionally instituted 'commercial arbitration' represents a significant element of joint economic integrative progress. Difficulties in 'unifying law(s) in the Gulf region are remarked on. The Consultative Council has been constrained in fonn and function within the prevailing traditional political concepts and practice. Advantages of unification over a wider range of the Gulf area are more evident in theory than in practice. Structural and conceptual change in. the regional organization, new imbalances of size and power would be entailed. Whatever 'enlargement' might conceivably take place would bring involvement in new economic and strategic environments, at best of mixed, or of uncertain benefit. Would the Arabian Gulf region become not so much the core of a greater unification, but a hinterland of radically changed strategic scenarios and instabilities? This does not foreclose on alternative associative forms among would-be partners.
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Gottenhuber, Sara. "Worldviews and Policy Coherence : an analysis of the United Nations Guiding Principles and Swedish Development Cooperation Policies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-262251.
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Within the field of development cooperation policy coherence has received increasing attention. Definitions of policy coherence are elusive; from describing consistency between intention and outcome to describing synergies between and within different policy areas. Potential incoherence has been ascribed not only to potentially incongruent goals but also different frames, discourses and underlying values. This thesis uses the concept of worldviews to understand how coherence or incoherence can be discerned between and among the United Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and Swedish development cooperation policies from Sida, Swedfund and SEK. The conclusion indicates that there is potential dialectic tension between normative worldviews of corporatism and development framing of egalitarian elements. Coherence is found in the technocentric, prevailing worldview. Results indicate that coherence and subsequent policy implementation can be affected by underlying aspects and mechanisms beyond trade-offs and goal-conflicts.
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Ngang, Carol Chi. "The right to development in Africa and the requirement of development cooperation for its realisation." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65704.
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In this thesis, I make a conceptual analysis of the right to development in Africa with a focus on the requirement of development cooperation for its realisation. I do so, on the one hand to account for the fact that development is retarded in Africa due to the lack of an operational model and on the other hand, to determine whether and to what extent development cooperation could be seen to function as such a model. As a point of departure, I state the claim that conceptually, development cooperation is opposed to the African conception of the right to development, which guarantees an entitlement to self-determination in making policy alternatives. To justify this claim, I provide a historical overview of the origins of the right to development in Africa. In tracing its origins in this way, I illustrate how the right to development has evolved in Africa not as a solicitation for assistance but as an assertion of self-determination against development injustices perpetuated through various forms of domination, including through development cooperation. I point out that by nature; the right to development in Africa is formulated on the one hand, as a human right concept to ensure that development processes are regulated by the principles of justice and equity and on the other hand, as a development paradigm intended to achieve improved well-being for the peoples of Africa. Pertaining to the central enquiry whether the right to development in Africa is achievable through development cooperation, I argue that the probability is minimal, especially considering the motives behind prevailing patterns of development cooperation, which is inherently lopsided, paternalistic in nature and aims primarily to safeguard the interests of foreign stakeholders. In the alternative to development cooperation, I propose that achieving the right to development entails the fulfilment of three normative requirements: sovereignty in domestic development policy making; the obligation to eliminate obstacles to development; and the need to establish an enabling environment to ensure that the right to development is achieved. Through an in-depth analysis of the range of instruments that establish the right to development dispensation in Africa, I point out that effective implementation remains problematic due on the most part to the dominant influence of foreign stakeholders, which in spite of evidence of violations of the right to development resulting from their actions, remain insulated from legal accountability. I then further examine the dimensions of the right to development as a development paradigm, which I argue is yet to be explored. On this note, I make the argument for a shift in paradigm from development cooperation to a new reading of the right to development as a development model, which I define as the right to development governance. I then highlight its relevance in transforming the development landscape in Africa. In conclusion, I make a number of recommendations on priority measures that need to be taken to advance the right to development governance as a home-grown functional model to drive the process of radical transformation envisaged for Africa.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Public Law
LLD
Unrestricted
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Collen, Vanessa. "The role and nature of evangelical development organisations' involvement in the field of international development and its significance for development cooperation." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3378.
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Masters in Development and International CooperationThis dissertation explores the role evangelical development organisations play in the field of international development and the nature of this involvement. Specifically, the nature and scope of evangelical development organisations' involvement in the field of international development along with changes that have taken place, the approaches towards development held by evangelical development actors, the role of 'faith' in the organisations' actions and strategies, the skills and qualifications of the development agents, the organisations' partnerships, and funding and donors' attitudes were investigated. A qualitative research approach was employed and an open questionnaire was designed and sent by mail to fifteen of the initially contacted organisations. Subsequently, content analysis of the filled-out questionnaires and textual analysis of annual reports and other relevant information was carried out. The main ideas developed in this dissertation are that: (1) the main advantage that evangelical development organisations have over their secular peers lies in their partnership approach, and, through demonstrating the benefits that partnering with local churches and community-based organisations can bring, they have the potential to bring new perspectives to the development discourse, and that (2) by adopting a multi-dimensional 'holistic' approach different from mainstream conceptions of development, called transformational development, evangelical development actors may nurture the development discourse in the search for new and more adequate approaches to development which focus not merely on economic growth but on multiple aspects of development.
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Bauer, Carl, and Luis Catalán. "Water, Law, and Development in Chile/California Cooperation, 1960–70s." PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622815.
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During 1963-78 the governments and the top universities of Chile and California undertook three programs of binational development assistance and cooperation. The programs built on a long historical relationship between the two regions, marked by their striking similarities in physical geography and natural resources, despite being 1,000s of miles apart on opposite sides of the Equator. The first program was for technical development assistance to Chile in the framework of the Alliance for Progress, and involved the three governments of Chile, California, and the United States. Water resources and river basin development planning were a primary emphasis, and led to building Chile's largest dual-purpose reservoir (Colbun). The second program was for graduate-level academic exchange and involved the two leading public university systems, the University of Chile and the University of California. This comprehensive program was funded for more than a decade by the Ford Foundation, with agriculture, natural sciences, and engineering the dominant fields. The third program was a separate effort to reform Chilean legal education, led by Stanford Law School and funded by the Ford Foundation. This Chile Law Program was a leading international example of the "law and development" movement in the 1960s, which overlapped closely with the early years of the "law and society" movement in the U.S. Both university and law school programs ended after the Chilean military coup in 1973. What were the impacts of these programs on water, law, and society in both Chile and California? What lessons can we learn today from those historical experiences? We answer these questions with an historical overview and synthesis of diverse documents and evidence. In focusing on water, law, and society, we aim to contribute to the interdisciplinary synthesis of different fields of development studies.
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Lo, Thamis Wing-chun. "New developments in China trade : industrial cooperation with the West." Thesis, City University London, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328415.
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Knoll, Martin [Verfasser]. "Economic Assistance Modalities in Bi- and Multilateral Development Cooperation : Essays in Applied Development Economics / Martin Knoll." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037343174/34.
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Matheson, James Henry Edward. "Institutional capacity and multiple conditionality in ACP-EU development cooperation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1484/.
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The negotiations for the Mid-Term Review of the Fourth Lome Convention marked the introduction of multiple conditionality - economic adjustment and good governance - into the Lome relationship. It placed additional demands on the two parties, giving rise to the essential concern of this thesis: do the two sides possess the requisite institutional capacity to meet those demands. The introduction was not a sudden development. The origins of multiple conditionality lay in the Pisani Memorandum and its proposal of policy dialogue. The path from the proposal to multiple conditionality was assisted by developments within the Lome relationship, including the unintended effects of ACP initiatives. This thesis is thus, in one sense, the history of the Memorandum's legacy of inverted conditionality through policy dialogue. It is also an analysis of the capacities generated by the Convention and their applicability to multiple conditionality. My analysis of bargaining, operational and instrumental capacities demonstrates a weak ACP capacity and an asymmetrically greater EU capacity. My initial conclusion is that the EU is much more capable of meeting the demands of multiple conditionality. However, it too faces limits on its capacity, especially in dealing with the sociopolitical aspects of governance. This recognition highlights an ignored factor: there is a second legacy of the Pisani Memorandum. In addition to the instrument of policy dialogue, the Memorandum identified institutional capacity as the means to help overcome the problems of development. The new tale of two legacies illustrates an EU emphasis on policy control at the expense of capacity building. It has failed to perceive the importance of the link, in the Pisani Memorandum, between the instrument and the means. It forces me to amend my initial conclusion: neither side is adequately prepared for the demands of multiple conditionality.
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Al-Yousef, Mohamed Bin Musa. "The state and market in Oman's development : conflict or cooperation?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317806/.
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This thesis is a theoretically grounded empirical analyses of the economic and social development of Oman particularly from the mid-1970s to 1995. The analyses focuses on the major factors responsible for Oman's development particularly its development policy and strategy which involved a systematic use of both the state via the Five Year Plans and the market in inducing economic and social development of the country. These instruments were crucial in the allocation of resources to the various economic and social sectors of the country which secured relatively high rates of economic and social development. A brief historical sketch of Oman's economy and society highlights the significant transformation that the country has undergone since the inception of development planning in the mid-1970s. The study is located within the context of the global economy and international policy and provides in particular a critical reappraisal of structural adjustment propagated by the major world organisations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. In this connection the thesis provides a critical appraisal of the 'market-friendly' 'minimal state' policies promoted (and required) by provisions under conditionality. After analysing the role of the state in the development of some countries to provide a comparative dimension, the study cautions against unselective or universal adoption of structural adjustment and the privatisation package and hence a reduction in the role of the state, which is supported by the Bank and International Monetary Fund or national governments. The research critically appraises the various theories of development from both the development economics and development studies tradition; the study evaluates the plan versus the market debate in relation to both the two theoretical traditions and international policy of structural adjustment, and the theoretical assumptions underlying this. The thesis shows the importance of the role of the state in securing economic and social development including in some East Asian Countries. After analysing Oman's strategy in combining the strengths of planning and the market processes in securing development, the thesis argues that contrary to the neo-classical viewpoint now dominant, the case for rolling back the state is questionable. On the contrary the thesis recommends a proactive role for the state, in a number of spheres of Oman's economy and society including in industry and agriculture. Specifically the research findings describe how a number of five year plans have succeeded in both expanding and diversifying Oman's oil-dependent economy as reflected in various indicators such as increase in per capita income and gross national product, and in increasing social welfare as indicated by greater provision of education and health services in the country. The thesis finally offers some suggestions and recommendations in terms of dealing with future problems that Oman have to encounter, including unemployment, need for more (appropriate) trained labour force and greater diversification of the economy.
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Poyago-Theotoky, Joanna Anna. "Essays in the economics of cooperation in research and development." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385725.
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ASSUNCAO, MANAIRA ANAITE CHARLOTTE. "THE PARTNERSHIP PUZZLE: BRAZILIAN SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION IN HEALTH DEVELOPMENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29627@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
FUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
BOLSA NOTA 10
Diversas mudanças aconteceram no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento (CID) na virada do milênio, particularmente com a entrada de novos atores que reivindicam modalidades e modelos de cooperação alternativos. Os provedores de Cooperação Sul-Sul para o Desenvolvimento (CSSD) se inserem no campo presumindo que a experiência compartilhada entre países em desenvolvimento permite elaborar soluções políticas comuns. Tal afirmação autoriza, em última análise, o estabelecimento de parcerias horizontais para o desenvolvimento. As relações entre os atores no campo da CID confinam um conjunto de posições, entre elas a posição do doador e do provedor de CSSD. A parceria compreende a posição, na qual provedores e beneficiários da cooperação coincidem. A partir das práticas de desenvolvimento brasileiras no setor da saúde, a pesquisa explora a Comunidade Brasileira de Especialistas em Saúde (CBES) e sua cooperação de cunho estruturante. A posição de parceria é articulada pela internacionalização do conhecimento e do treinamento dos agentes de saúde disseminando uma representação coerente sobre como sistemas nacionais de saúde devem ser estruturados. Não obstante, a partir da parceria em saúde Brasil-Moçambique e o estudo de caso da fábrica de antirretrovirais, será possível demonstrar como a parceria e a horizontalidade estão sendo desafiadas. Apesar dos especialistas brasileiros e suas instituições terem papel central no estabelecimento de uma comunidade transnacional, uma vez que os especialistas moçambicanos assumem uma posição diferente daquela do parceiro, o espaço sócio-político resultante não seria uma via única de transferência de conhecimento. A CSSD produz um espaço de traduções estratégicas, no qual agentes disputam os significados acerca da saúde e a consequente elaboração de políticas no setor.
Significant changes happened in the field of international development with the turn of the millennium, particularly with the entrance of new actors who claim alternative cooperation modalities and models. The South-South Development cooperation (SSDC) providers assume that the shared experience between developing countries enables common policy solutions. Arguably, this affirmation authorizes the establishment of horizontal development partnerships. The relations between the agents in the field confine a set of positions, among them the donor position and the position of SSDC provider. The partnership comprises the position in which cooperation providers and beneficiaries overlap. Departing from the Brazilian development practices in the health sector, the research explores the Brazilian Health Expert Community (BHEC) and its structuring cooperation approach. The partnership position is articulated through the internationalization of knowledge and training of the health agents disseminating a coherent representation on how national healthcare systems should be structured. Nevertheless, the health partnership Brazil-Mozambique and the case of the ARV factory illustrate how the partnership and the principle of horizontality are challenged. Despite the role Brazilian experts and their institutions have in establishing a transnational community, once the Mozambican health experts occupy a different position than that of partner, the resulting socio-political space is not a one-way street of knowledge transfer. SSDC produces a space of strategic translations, in which agents compete for the meanings about health and the consequent development of policies in the sector.
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Mejzini, Ilirjana A. "The SHARR Mountains : Spatial Development based on Cross-border Cooperation." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4221.
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For decades, the peaks of Sharr Mountains had defined the border between two federal units of Former Yugoslavia, but after the political changes in Central and Eastern European Countries this massif became an intersected mountain. In this thesis work I saw of interest to analyze the status change from a massif unit as part of one state, to a cross-border mountain between two states and its affect on spatial development; - was there any cooperation on mountain management in the past; - how is the current mountain management proceeding on both sides; - which were the opportunities of cross-border cooperation in previous European experiences; - what can be expected from independent mountain side management on report to other side without any environmental assessment; and in the end to find and highlight the possible cross-border cooperation opportunities toward sustainability and eco-management of the Sharr Mountains in the future.Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning DSP - Officer for International Cooperation Prishtina - Kosovo tel: + 381 38 517 712
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Fulson, Karl A., and Amy Seabrooke. "Strategic Community Economic Development and Small Business : Cooperation for Sustainability." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3128.
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This thesis aims to increase the knowledge and capacity of Canadian communities and their small businesses in order to enable their transition towards sustainability. This was accomplished through interviews with Canadian Community Economic Development (CED) experts, and surveys from Small Business (SB) operators in Canmore, Alberta, Canada. We suggest the potential roles for CED proponents and SB operators include: (1) Shared development of community vision; (2) Local business networks for sustainability; (3) Community capacity building through dialogue.
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Cox, Simon J. "Development and applications of high performance computing." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242712.
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McAuliffe, Katherine Jane. "The Evolution and Development of Inequity Aversion." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10757.
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Humans show such strong sensitivity to whether resources are distributed fairly that they sacrifice personal gain to avoid distributional inequity. This inequity aversion plays an important role in guiding human social decision-making and appears to be ubiquitous across human populations. However, we currently do not understand whether or how inequity aversion evolved over the course of human evolution or how it develops in children.Human Evolutionary Biology
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Furlong, Ellen Elizabeth. "Number Cognition and Cooperation." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1216999104.
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Lunnbäck, Oscar. "Integration of sustainable development in urban development : A comparison of Linköping and Norrköping." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för tema, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129762.
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Activities in and connected to cities are responsible for around 70 % of the global CO2 emissions and as the urbanization to cities are likely to increase in forthcoming future, actions to handle this situation are of vital importance. Through the integration of sustainable development in cities’ urban development, this have large potential to improve social, economic and ecological aspects in the cities. Besides being the places where most of the global consumption and emissions come from, it’s in these specific places where essential effects can be reached. There’re, however, difficulties with this, due to that it requires participation and responsibility from all stakeholders in the city. Different cities have different capabilities and conditions to work with sustainable development, which is why this study examine the two cities of Linköping and Norrköping. The study is based on interviews with actors that are closely connected to the urban development in the both cities. The results shows that the cities have different historical background and city structure, causing them to work a bit differently. Furthermore, the result also indicate that the largest challenges are how to handle the transportation issue, conflicts of interests as well as cooperation between different stakeholders.
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Rabellotti, Roberta. "External economics and cooperation in industrial districts : a comparison of Italy and Mexico." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262629.
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Nordin, Bodil. "NGO-state cooperation in the Republic of Moldova : A study of the cooperation between environmental NGOs and the Moldovan state." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-22790.
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Non-governmental organisations (NGO) have been recognised as important actors when it comes to achieving a sustainable development. Cooperation between the state and NGOs is desirable and this thesis is a contribution to the knowledge about the cooperation between NGOs and the state. The objective is to provide a deeper understanding of the cooperation between environmental NGOs and the Moldovan state. The environmental NGOs that are chosen are based in Chisinau and have worked with waste management and recycling. Further the thesis also aims to suggest factors that can affect the nature of the relationship between the chosen actors. To achieve this I carried out a case study of four environmental NGOs that are based in Chisinau. A representative from each NGO was interviewed about the organisation and its relationship to the state. Theories about clientelism and synergy were then used to analyse the results. I have come to the conclusion that there is a positive attitude towards cooperation with the state but at the same time the NGOs strive to maintain their independence from the state. In addition to this there are certain factors such as trust, availability of resources, and the characteristics of the NGOs can influence the nature of the relationship. This study is a contribution to the knowledge regarding NGO-state relationships and can be used as a base for further studies on this subject. This subject is important to study as NGOs have been identified as important actors in achieving a sustainable development and governments are encouraged to cooperate with them.
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Douglasdotter, Lydia. "Understanding the Security-Development Nexus in Swedish foreign policy : Aid, development cooperation and humanitarian assistance policy frameworks." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85431.
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Since the end of the Cold War, the concepts of development and security and the rise of the security-development nexus has proven to be important and is increasingly used in policy documents by institutions and states. This thesis aims to provide insight on how security and development concepts and their nexus have been used in governments’ foreign policies. Previous research has been focused on multilateral organizations and aid officials and how they have been influenced by the security-development nexus, but a comprehensive analysis on what drives financial and political support has been limited. Therefore, there is a gap that this thesis aims to fill. Methodologically, this thesis uses a text analysis of policy frameworks published by the government of Sweden regarding aid, development cooperation and humanitarian assistance of the years 2013/14 and 2015/16. An abductive reasoning was made with the help of the chosen analytical frameworks in this study. This study concludes that Swedish policy frameworks are using redefinitions of the concepts security and development which results in more broaden use of the concepts. This use of the concepts creates clear policy frameworks, but the policy frameworks do in some passages not elaborate what kind of security that reinforces what kind of development or what kind of definition of security or development that it is referring to. This leaves the reader with a great room for interpretation that could eventuate in many different outcomes and versions. Furthermore, security and development are presented as concepts which are mutually reinforcing each other and used in four different narratives, or nexuses, when mapping out the security-development nexus.
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Mavura, Mike Tigere. "The European Union trade, development and cooperation agreement (TDCA) with South Africa : promoting development or self interest?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007572.
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This research analyses development cooperation between the European Union (EU) and South Africa with the objective of determining which between the two entities, ultimately benefits more out of this arrangement The research goes beyond the altruistic reasons offered by the EU as the rationale for development cooperation to investigate whether South Africa's development is actually being promoted by this cooperation. Further, the research investigates whether there is also EU self-interest that informs this development cooperation. This research is conceptualised within the development aid debate framework. The research argues that this development cooperation is important to South Africa even though its impact is in real terms has not been extensive due to a number of factors. It further contends that there are EU political, security and economic interests amongst others that are being promoted by this development cooperation. The research concludes by asserting that this development cooperation promotes the mutual interests of the EU and South Africa. This conclusion challenges the paradigms of the debate on development aid which is premised in black and white terms of development aid promoting either donor or recipient interests.
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Glanville, Lauren Emily. "A southernisation of development cooperation? Comparing chinese and European Union development finance in Latin America (2007-2017)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15021.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalEste artigo tem como objetivo investigar a perceção de que as práticas de financiamento da cooperação para o desenvolvimento estão a passar por uma "Southernisation" - querendo isto dizer que o (re)aparecimento de doadores do Sul, como a China, India ou Brasil, estão a influenciar o discurso e as práticas dos doadores tradicionais. O objetivo é efetuá-lo através de uma análise comparativa das práticas de financiamento da cooperação para o desenvolvimento da União Europeia e da China para a América Latina durante a última década (2007-2017).
This paper aims to investigate the notion that development cooperation financing practices are undergoing a "Southernisation" - that is to say, (re)emerging donors from the South such as China, India or Brazil are influencing traditional donor practices and discourse. It aims to do so by means of an exploratory comparative analysis of European Union and Chinese development cooperation financing practices towards Latin America, and how they have evolved over the past decade (2007-2017).
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Forslund, Camilla, and Annika Larsson. "Möjligheter och begränsningar med exploateringssamverkan." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9662.
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Lag om exploateringssamverkan (ESL) trädde i kraft 1987 och syftet med lagen är bland annat att fastighetsägare i samråd med kommunen ska ha möjlighet att iordningsställa mark och anläggningar för exploatering vid lantmäteriförrättning (Boverket, 2009). Exploateringssamverkan är en användbar metod när behov finns av samverkan i områden med splittrad fastighetsindelning (Proposition 1985/86:2). Vid splittrad fastighetsindelning kan exploateringssamverkan göra det lättare för fastighetsägarna och kommunen att utforma och genomföra en detaljplan utan att vara bundna till fastighetsgränser. Lagstiftningen upplevs komplicerad vilket troligen är en anledning till att ESL endast har använts i fåtalet fall enligt Plan- och byggutredningen (SOU, 2005). Syftet med arbetet har varit att undersöka processen med exploateringssamverkan och dess möjligheter och begränsningar. Tillämpningen av ESL inom förrättningsförfarandet och kommunikationen mellan de olika aktörerna i exploateringssamverkan har studerats. De metoder som har använts i arbetet är litteraturstudie, fallstudier och intervjuer. De möjligheter som exploateringssamverkan ger enskilda fastighetsägare är att genomföra exploatering tillsammans med andra fastighetsägare och att exploateringssamverkan kan ske oberoende av fastighetsgränser. Det är nödvändigt att fastighetsägarna har goda kunskaper i planprocessen och är intresserade och driver exploateringen framåt. Begränsningarna är att tvångsinlösen kan ske trots att fastighetsägare inte deltar i exploateringssamverkan. Genomförandet upplevs invecklat och troligen känner fastighetsägarna inte till möjligheten med exploateringssamverkan. I Sverige finns det stor tillgång av mark för bebyggelse som har låga markvärden men oavsett var det byggs kommer exploateringskostnaderna att vara höga. Den rättvisa fördelning av byggrätter i exploateringssamverkan som i sig är positiv räcker antagligen inte som motiv för delaktighet om det inte finns värdefull mark i området. Det är mer attraktivt med exploateringssamverkan i områden med höga markvärden där exploateringsbehovet och den potentiella vinsten är stora.The Act on development cooperation (ESL) came into force in 1987 and the purpose of the Act is to provide a tool allowing property owners in consultation with the municipality to consolidate land parcels and provide infrastructure for development, as part of the cadastral survey process (Boverket, 2009). Development cooperation is a useful method when there is a need of collaboration in areas with fragmented real estate (Proposition 1985/86: 2). In areas of fragmented real estate development cooperation can make it easier for property owners and municipalities to design and implement a detailed plan without being tied to property boundaries. The perceived complexity of the legislation is probably one reason why ESL has been applied in only a handful cases, according to the Planning and Building review (SOU, 2005). The purpose has been to examine the process of development cooperation and its potential and limitations. Furthermore, the application of ESL in the survey process and communication between the various actors in development cooperation was studied. The methods used in the work are literature review, case studies and interviews. The potential offered to individual property owners in development cooperation was to implement development with other property owners and development cooperation can take place regardless of property boundaries. It is essential that property owners have a good knowledge of the planning process and are interested in development to drive the project forward. The restrictions were that compulsory acquisition can be done despite the fact that property owners do not participate in development cooperation. Implementation perceived complexity and probably do not the property owners know the possibility of development cooperation. InSweden, land parcels for development are widely available and as a result land values are low, but regardless of location development costs are high. Although a positive factor in itself, the equitable distribution of development rights becomes less of a deciding factor in the absence of valuable land in the area. It is more attractive with development cooperation in areas with high land values where development needs and the potential gain is large.
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Thompson, Beth A. "European Security Development: From Maastricht to Bosnia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1339603623.
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FONSECA, JOAO MOURA ESTEVAO MARQUES DA. "SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION AND THE FIELD OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION: A CASE STUDY ON MOZAMBIQUE AND SYMBOLIC." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24612@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta dissertação explora tensões emergentes do crescente engajamento dos chamados provedores Sul-Sul no campo da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento, discutindo alguns de seus efeitos sob a ação de governos receptores, doadores Norte-Sul e estruturas de governança no espaço social em questão. Beneficiamo-nos principalmente das noções de campo e cultura de auditoria de Pierre Bourdieu e Marilyn Strathern, respectivamente. Por meio dessas, descrevemos a trajetória da cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento a partir da segunda metade do século XX, ressaltando o papel do Comitê de Assistência ao Desenvolvimento (CAD) da Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico (OCDE) na elaboração e manutenção de princípios organizadores e práticas dominantes no campo. Enfatizamos o plano simbólico ao narrar a oposição histórica entre cooperação Norte-Sul e Sul-Sul, sugerindo conexão inextricável entre a emergência da última e a crítica no campo à agenda da eficácia da ajuda. Observamos os efeitos das tensões entre cooperação Sul-Sul e Norte-Sul na dimensão local a partir de um estudo de caso sobre Moçambique, aplicando as noções de dependência simbólica e efeito BRICS a fim compreender tendências e impactos sob o comportamento do Governo de Moçambique, doadores Norte-Sul e suas condicionalidades, e o processo de consolidação democrática no país. Ao final, sistematizamos algumas reflexões sobre o estado de fluxo do campo, sugerindo que sua re-politização não necessariamente se traduz em democratização para países receptores.
This thesis explores tensions emerging from the growing engagement of so-called South-South providers in the field of international development cooperation, discussing some of their effects on the behavior of recipient governments, North-South donors and governance structures within the referred social space. The primary concepts mobilized are those of field and audit culture, as used by Pierre Bourdieu and Marilyn Strathern respectively. Through these, we describe the trajectory of international development cooperation during the second half of the twentieth century, emphasizing the role of the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in creating and maintaining the field’s organizing principles and dominant practices. We emphasize the symbolic realm in narrating the historic opposition between North-South and South-South cooperation, suggesting an inextricable connection between the emergence of the later and the critique of the aid effectiveness agenda. We explore the local effects of tensions between South-South and North-South cooperation through a case study on Mozambique, applying the notions of symbolic dependence and the BRICS effect in order to understand trends and impacts on the behavior of the Government of Mozambique, North-South donors and their conditionalities, and the process of democratic consolidation in the country. Finally, we draw some reflections on the state of flux of the development cooperation field, suggesting that its re-politicization does not necessarily imply democratization for recipient countries.
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Trudel, Nicholas L. N. "New product development, cooperation and specialization in the Canadian telecommunications industry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32422.pdf.
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Sye, Claudia. "Development cooperation - UNOPS and GTZ an independent evaluation of both organisations." Saarbrücken VDM, Müller, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2977571&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Sye, Claudia: United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) and the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) - what do they contribute to development cooperation?
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Urbina, Ferretjans María Antonia. "China and Africa development cooperation : implications for global social policy analysis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.606703.
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China's role as an emerging development actor in Africa, and its conceptualization of welfare and social policy issues within the continent, have generated polarized reactions in the West. While some bilateral and multilateral organisations perceive the emerging Chinese approach to be antithetical to traditional Western goals and practice, others welcome it as an opportunity to develop new and innovative ideas about social development. The Chinese 'productivist' approach, it is argued is driven less by explicit notions of citizenship and social rights, and more in terms of accumulation functions. Investment in education, training and health is justified in terms of broader economic development goals, and stands in contrast to current safety-net or 'welfarist' models of Western donors providing social protection from social contingencies and poverty. In this context, the aim of this research is to examine whether China's aid to Africa has an influence on Western policy ideas about welfare and social policy on the continent. International development institutions now constitute an increasingly influential and global dimension to the social policy agenda in developing countries. It is therefore important to ascertain how specific aid actors view development and conceptualize social policy issues within the policy agenda, since their perspective might have important implications for social policy developments in the South, and for global social policy ideas and debates. This research compares and analyses the approaches of Chinese and Western institutions to welfare and social policy in Africa, and examines whether Chinese aid constitutes a new social policy approach in international development. The analysis also explores the extent to which new policy ideas on social welfare are now emerging in Western international development institutions in the context of China's new role, and asks what this means for global social policy analysis. This investigation has been carried out through documentary analysis of key Sino-African and Western policy documents, and through elite interviews with senior Chinese officials, academics and policy advisers, Western bilateral and multilateral donors, and African Ambassadors in Beijing. The study is located within global social policy discourses and investigates China's role as a source of ideational and normative innovation in global social policy and global social governance.
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Lundin, Olle. "Multi-actor Ownership : The Case of Swedish Development Cooperation with Ukraine." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160466.
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Ownership is a guiding principle in today’s development cooperation practices, aiming to foster an efficient development cooperation driven by the recipients. However, ownership is paradoxical and ambiguous. No coherent understanding of ownership exists. The multistakeholder development cooperation arena is argued to complicate the recipients’ possibilities to acquire ownership. As the literature lacks an eastern European perspective, this study addresses the above-mentioned dimensions by examining ownership in Swedish development cooperation with Ukraine. By conducting interviews, this study confirms that there is a confusion among development actors in defining what ownership is. In contrast to previous research, this study finds the multi-stakeholder approach as an advantage of ownership. Collaboration between local actors can contribute to capacity development, joint commitment and stronger responsibility, which increases the probabilities that outcomes of development projects will be governed and progressed by the local actors in the long run. Hence, this study contributes to the literature with a more clarified understanding of ownership. Ownership is perceived as a relational concept that is dynamically promoted over time. This study concludes that commitment, capacity and participation are dimensions that can promote this myriad of local actors involved in development practices to acquire a multi-actor ownership of different dimensions of the development process.
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Murphy, Terence G. "An Analysis of the Factors that Influence Regional Economic Development Cooperation." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/852.
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This dissertation is a comparative case study of regional cooperation in the field of economic development. In the 21st century global economy, proponents of regionalism have put forth fresh arguments for collective action. A regional approach to economic development activity presents a classic social dilemma: How can local officials collectively improve the economic prospects of a region, and remain autonomous to act in the best interest of the local community? This research examines the role of social capital in overcoming this social dilemma.
Three (3) comparable Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) form the empirical basis of this research. The Houston MSA, the Atlanta MSA and the Miami MSA present distinct variations of regionalized economic development activity. This dissertation seeks to explain this disparity in the dependent variable. The hypothesis is that accrued social capital is crucial to obtaining economic development cooperative agreements.
This qualitative research utilized secondary demographic and economic databases, survey instruments, interviews, field observations, and a review of legislative and administrative decisions to formulate a clear understanding of the factors influencing the current state of regional economic development cooperation within each region. The study concludes that the legislative and executive decisions of state government exert inordinate influence on the capacity of local officials to cooperate regionally for economic development purposes.
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Amanze, Collins Nwakanma, and Emma Eriksson. "Regional Cooperation for Strategic Sustainable Development : A case study of Blekinge." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Avdelningen för maskinteknik, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5602.
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For sustainable development of Blekinge to be carved out in a strategic manner,steps taken need to be coordinated in the right direction(i.e. towards meeting basic principles of socio-ecological sustainability).One part of this project looks into the various steps that could be taken to reach sustainability at a principle level.The other part looks at the importance of mutual cooperation among various stakeholders within the region.We look at current steps been taken and the potential for cooperation in the region. Our study reveals that many opportunities exist, both for strategic steps towards sustainability and for ways Blekinge organizations could cooperate to achieve them.We found that opportunities exist in the areas of renewable energy, energy efficiency,transportation and regional cooperation.In particular,this study identified significant opportunities to expand networks of cooperation in Blekinge.For instance, expansion of advocacy groups, expansion of railway and cooperation for alternative fuels among organizations and municipalities are all opportunities.
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Nordenskjöld, Gustav, and Harm Andries Kingma. "Software Process Improvement Using Groupware : Supporting Distributed Cooperation in Software Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3915.
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This master thesis describes our work with Team Sweden and how we have attempted to perform a Software Process Improvement using groupware. Team Sweden is a distributed academic software development organization doing research on artificial intelligence and robotics. Such an organization has a lot to gain from the introduction of a more structured process model. We have investigated the possibility of supporting the development processes of a small software development organization by introducing groupware. Only introducing a groupware tool or technique is not enough to improve the processes of an organization. Process improvement requires an infrastructure and groupware could be a useful tool for establishing it. Improved communication and knowledge sharing through groupware can be beneficial for establishing a process infrastructure. Groupware should be used in conjunction with other process improvement measures in order to be effective and improve the capability of the targeted organization.This master thesis describes our work with Team Sweden and how we have attempted to perform a Software Process Improvement using groupware.
gustav@nordenskjold.com hakingma@hotmail.com
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Tsopanakis, Georgios. "Different aid paradigm or familiar pattern? : a critical study of two technical cooperation projects of JICA in Ghana." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/different-aid-paradigm-or-familiar-pattern-acritical-study-of-two-technical-cooperationprojects-of-jica-in-ghana(ba9fa145-aaa2-4b47-91dd-32e03952e4b7).html.
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Development aid has long been a major policy tool of the discourse and policy practiceof bilateral and multilateral donors alike. Originally used for servicing the reconstructionof post-war economies and the wider geo-political aspirations of the period, moderndevelopment aid was quickly transformed to an ever-growing industry which hasexpanded to the most remote locations of the globe. Large countries and internationalorganisations swiftly set up a variety of specialised agencies, institutes and researchcentres in order to promote their aid programmes and projects to the poor countries ofthe South. The persistent failure of the development industry to achieve substantialresults in the poorest regions of the world has meant that discourse and priority areashave been redirected multiple times according to the trends of every period. However, itis not clear how far development practice actually alters in correspondence with changesin aid discourse. This dissertation provides an empirical study of the relationshipbetween the two in the context of the move to bottom-up 'partnership' discourse andJapan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) development practise in Ghana. During the last ten years Ghana has geared its development policies towards achievingthe Millennium Development Goals and entering the group of countries classified ashaving (lower) middle-income status. Major donor agencies like JICA have gathered inthe country to provide their 'expertise' and to 'assist' Ghana in reaching the targets ofthe Millennium Declaration. Drawing from two JICA case studies of TechnicalCooperation for Capacity Development in Ghana in health and education this thesissheds light on the differences between JICA's aid rhetoric and practice. This studyargues that despite JICA's aid discourse for a 'demand-driven', 'relevant' and'participatory' aid understanding, its implementation practice contradicts the substantivenormative meanings of these terms and is instead reticent of the past orthodox and 'topdown'aid practices of big donor countries and organisations.
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Ewart, Sande. "Mutual aid as community development : accessing potable water in rural El Salvador /." Halifax, N.S. : Saint Mary's University, 2008.
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Jolly, Jennifer Elaine. "The evolution and development of international health collaboration." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26847.
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The goal of this thesis is to document and explain the evolution and development of international health collaboration. Utilizing international relations theory, the initial development of the health regulatory regime is traced through the early sanitary conferences. The establishment of international health organizations is then documented, along with the transformation this entailed in international health collaboration. The resulting effect the institutionalization of the international health regime had upon international health collaboration is finally presented.
It is determined that states initial interest in international health collaboration grew out of a concern for reducing the impediments to international trade and commerce that quarantine measures imposed. States were, at first, reluctant to collaborate, but as scientific knowledge increased, international cooperation in this area expanded. Realizing the benefits of joint technical cooperation, states formed international organizations. The special characteristics of international health under the guiding influence of medical specialists were to cause an evolution within this regime.
Collaboration in this area has greatly increased. The primary concern of the international health regime is no longer the containment of pestilent diseases without significant interference to international commerce. This regime is now concerned with improving the level of health care to all states, regardless of the effects this might have on the interests of the developed states. Technical cooperation and aid to developing countries is now the central focus of the World Health Organization. This evolution has not occurred without some degree of conflict, however, as it is the developing states and the medical elites of the organization have forced the evolution of the previous norms of this regime. The developing states have a clear interest in securing assistance in developing their health infrastructures, and the elites of the WHO are committed by nature of their scientific training to work towards this ideal. The developed states are not in favour of this change as it threatens their interests and power within this regime. Although it initially appeared that collaboration in this area would be relatively easy to secure as an improvement in health would be to every state's benefit, this has not always been the case. International relations theory is utilized in this thesis to explain the origins, the obstacles, and the evolution that has occurred within this regime.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate