Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Development charges'
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Kaplinsky, Eran S. "An evaluation of development charges and their alternatives in Israel and in Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0002/MQ46030.pdf.
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Taylor, Amy. "Ecological tax reform : estimated environmental and employment effects in British Columbia /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0022/MQ51485.pdf.
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Ghaemi, Arman. "Development of empirical approaches to estimate the seismic settlement of embankment dams under earthquake loading." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69816.
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La contribution significative de cette thèse se situe dans le domaine de la déformation sismique de différents types de barrages en enrochement. La déformation excessive permanente à la crête d’un barrage causée par les secousses du sol menacera la sécurité du barrage. Les caractéristiques de ces barrages et la gravité des tremblements de terre (quantifiée par des mesures d’intensité, c’est-à-dire des IM) sont identifiées comme les composants les plus critiques impliquées dans la performance sismique du barrage. Dans la première partie, une étude est réalisée sur la déformation sismique (tassement de la crête) des barrages en enrochement avec masque en béton (CFRD) et sa corrélation avec les IM de mouvements de sol. De cette manière, l’importance des principales caractéristiques des charges cycliques dans une étude de cas CFRD typique modélisée numériquement est soulignée. On en conclut qu’en plus de l’amplitude et de la durée du mouvement de sol, la réponse du barrage est fortement affectée par les caractéristiques de fréquence du séisme. En rassemblant les histoires de cas de CFRD disponibles et en analysant leur tassement sismique, un nouveau IM est proposé pour décrire efficacement le potentiel d’un séisme à induire un règlement dans les CFRD. Une nouvelle relation prédictive est alors établie qui relie la IM suggérée et l‘amplitude du tremblement de terre avec le tassement de crête étudié des cas CFRDs. Dans la deuxième partie, les données disponibles pour les barrages en enrochement à noyau de terre (ECRD) comprenant les valeurs de tassement rapportées et les mouvements de sol enregistrés lors des tremblements de terre sont analysées. Deux nouvelles approches sont développées en introduisant deux nouveaux IM et en les corrélant au règlement observé des cas ECRD. Les IM proposés pour les ECRD prennent en compte l’influence des aspects essentiels concernant le comportement non linéaire des barrages lors de séismes violents: dégradation de la rigidité des matériaux, augmentation de l’énergie dissipée et augmentation des périodes de vibration des barrages. Ces problèmes sont affectés par la déformation induite par le tremblement de terre, à travers laquelle la corrélation avec la déformation d'un barrage est découverte. Les analyses ont montré que l'occurrence du tassement est directement affectée par les amplitudes de déformation de cisaillement. Compte tenu de l'importance de la déformation de cisaillement, la dernière partie de cette thèse est consacrée aux caractéristiques dépendantes de la déformation des ECRD. À cette fin, des études empiriques ont été menées sur plusieurs séries chronologiques d'accélération pour les ECRD qui avaient été frappés par des tremblements de terre au Japon. Une série de graphiques et de relations a été établie pour estimer: (i) l'amplitude de la déformation de cisaillement induite; (ii) la diminution du module de cisaillement des noyaux des barrages; et (iii) augmentation des périodes fondamentales des barrages. Cette thèse fournit un assemblage approprié d'outils qui peuvent être utilisés dans la pratique de l'ingénierie, que ce soit à des fins d'analyse dynamique ou de conception. Les graphiques et les relations présentés ici sont basés sur l'examen et l'analyse de la performance réelle de nombreux barrages sous les tremblements de terre. Ils répondent non seulement aux lacunes des méthodes empiriques précédentes, mais sont également précis et efficaces.The significant contribution of this thesis is in the area of earthquake-induced deformation of different types of rockfill dams. The permanent excess deformation at a dam’s crest caused by ground-shaking will threaten the dam’s safety. The characteristics of these dams and the severity of the earthquakes (quantified by intensity measures, i.e., IMs) are identified as the most critical components involved in the dam’s seismic performance. In the first part, a study is performed on the seismic deformation (crest settlement) of concrete-face rockfill dams (CFRDs) and its correlation with ground motion IMs. In this way, the importance of cyclic loads’ main characteristics on a numerically modelled typical CFRD case study is underlined. It is concluded that in addition to the amplitude and duration of ground motion, the dam’s response is strongly affected by the frequency characteristics of the earthquake. By gathering available CFRD case histories and analyzing their seismic settlement, a new IM is proposed to efficiently describe an earthquake’s potential to induce settlement in CFRDs. A new predictive relationship is then established which relates the suggested IM and earthquake magnitude with the surveyed crest settlement of the CFRD cases. In the second part, the data available for earth-core rockfill dams (ECRDs) comprising the reported settlement values and the ground motions recorded during the earthquakes are analyzed. Two novel approaches are developed by introducing two new IMs and correlating them to the observed settlement of the ECRD cases. The IMs proposed for ECRDs take into account the influence of the essential aspects regarding the nonlinear behaviour of the dams during severe earthquakes: stiffness degradation of the materials, increase in dissipated energy, and increase in the dams’ periods of vibration. These issues are affected by the earthquake-induced strain, through which the correlation with a dam’s deformation is discovered. The analyses showed that the occurrence of settlement is directly affected by the shear strain amplitudes. Given the importance of the shear strain, the last part of this thesis is devoted to the strain-dependent characteristics of ECRDs. To this end, empirical studies were performed on several acceleration time series for ECRDs that had been struck by earthquakes in Japan. A series of graphs and relationships were established to estimate: (i) the amplitude of the induced shear strain; (ii) the decreased shear modulus of the dams’ cores; and (iii) increased fundamental periods of the dams. This thesis provides an appropriate assembly of tools that can be utilized in engineering practice, either for dynamic analysis or design purposes. The graphs and relationships presented herein are based on reviewing and analyzing the actual performance of numerous dams under earthquakes. They not only address the shortcomings of previous empirical methods, but are also accurate and efficient.
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Bryant, Lyndall Elaine. "Who really pays for urban infrastructure? : the impact of developer infrastructure charges on housing affordability in Brisbane, Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/81348/1/Lyndall_Bryant_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis advances the understanding of the impact of developer infrastructure charges on housing affordability in Brisbane, Australia through the development of an econometric model and empirical analysis. The results indicate substantial on-passing of these government charges to purchasers of both new and existing homes, thus negatively impacting housing affordability across the whole community. The results of this thesis will inform policy makers and assist in the development of evidence based policy related to housing affordability and funding of urban infrastructure. Being generic, the econometric model is expected to be a tool that is suitable for estimating similar house price effects in other housing markets.
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Adams, Michael Roy. "Development of a User Cost Estimation Procedure for Work Zones." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd860.pdf.
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Mngadi, Vela. "Development of a force field with condensed phase consistent charges for N,N' - dialkylimidazolium room temperature ionic liquids." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20001.
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Most force field models for Room temperature ionic liquids cannot properly elucidate statics and dynamics. It is in this context that we set to assess the most efficient way to model RTILs while maintaining the integrity of the liquids statics and dynamics. The development approach begins with the investigation of the effects that the linear scaling of partial atomic charges on nonpolarisable force fields from a reference potential has on the structure and dynamics of the room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraflouroborate [C4MIM][BF4] and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexaflourophosphate [C4MIM][PF6]. The results show that the three-dimensional structure of the liquid is changed ever so slighter by the linear scaling of atomic charges. While dynamic properties such as viscosity and self-diffusion coefficients were majorly affected by charge scaling. Self-diffusion coefficients that span a range of four orders of magnitude between the original model and the scaled model where the ionic charge was ±0.6 e. Viscosity estimates calculated using the Green-Kubo and the Einstein relationships revealed that the linear scaling of atomic charges results in increased mobility of the simulated liquid. Implicit inclusion of polarisation effects was investigated, Here a new charge scheme development using Quantum mechanics/Molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods in CHARMM 35 interfaced with GAMESS-UK was propose. The atomic charges were derived from liquid phase calculations using an iterative procedure. This was carried out for individual ions and cation-anion pairs, for the analysis of charge transfer, within the liquid environment. The results obtained gave predictions of density, liquid structure and self-diffusion coefficients that were in excellent agreement with experimental data available. This method is preferable over the commonly used charge scaling methodology which is deem as an unphysical approach for the simulation of [C4MIM][BF4] and [C4MIM][PF6]. A polarisable force field based on the Drude oscillator model is presented. The model proves to be most effective for the simulation of RTILs. The force field accurately reproduced experimental results for the physicochemical properties reviewed.
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Kronenberg, Tobias. "Reconciling environmental conservation with economic prosperity : the feasibility of double dividends in the short and long run /." Jülich : Forschungszentrum, Zentralbibliothek, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy1001/2008384309.html.
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Dissertation--Maastricht, University, 2007.At head of title: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energieforschung (IEF), Systemforschung und Technologische Entwicklung (IEF-STE). Includes bibliographical references (p. 259-267).
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Olivier, Marius. "The conceptual design and development of novel low cost sensors for measuring the relative light emission in the pre-millisecond stages of detonating explosive charges." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71686.
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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the course of the CSIR’s research into the characterisation of explosive sources to devise methods of active intervention against threats, the need has arisen to research a particular means of early identification of the threat, which is the intense light flash during the threat detonation. For this purpose, a low cost rugged fast optical sensor was sought, since the application thereof would imply possible destruction, especially if integrated into an active intervention system later on. Given the average time of about 1ms available for intervention, it is clear that the active intervention system needs to operate within that period, hence the interest in the characteristic light emission of detonations in the pre-millisecond time frame. It was thought that by characterising this emitted light in terms of wavelength (temperature) and amplitude (and maybe other unique phenomena), the size of the threat could be determined and logic decisions derived therefrom. Needless to say, the environment in which the detonation light emission sensor is to operate, is extremely hostile in terms of shock, dust, flying debris, fast rise time of the explosive event, and Electro-magnetic Interference ( EMI) caused by the detonation itself. It must be noted that the light sensor research was driven by the outcome of research tests performed in aid of the development of an active intervention system. During this research the possibility of using commercially available low cost optical detectors at room temperature in combination with cost effective narrow band pass op- tical filters for the relative measurement of the light emission at discrete wavelengths during explosive detonation events were investigated. In 2006, not much applicable lit- erature could be found on this subject, hence the educated “shot-in-the-dark” approach then, which, by a systematic approach of explosive tests and continuous evaluation up to 2011, led to a surprisingly simple and robust low cost optical sensor. The research commenced with a range of optical detector elements selected for their responsivity and bandwidth in the optical spectrum of interest; the optical filtering by means of the recording of the emitted light signal during scaled down explosive tests at the Blast Impact Survivability Research Unit (BISRU) at the University of Cape Town. These tests were followed by full-scale tests at DBEL, and confirmed the findings at BISRU that the light emissions at the longer wavelengths (>2 m) manifest themselves too late for use within the intervention time frame. It was therefore decided to concentrate on the ultra-violet (UV) to near infra-red (NIR) spectrum of the emitted light for further full scale tests, since these discrete spectra showed the most promise for characterisa- tion of the emitted light. During this period a robust sensor housing with detector and filter mounts was designed for protection against blast shock and EMI. During the following years, certain types of optical detectors that were used during previous tests were eliminated according to results obtained, and more discrete narrow band pass filters added in the visible to NIR spectrum. A dedicated fast instrumen- tation amplifier (bandwidth > 1MHz and selectable gain up to 40dB) was developed to amplify weak signals (mainly caused by the heavy load in the detector circuit to improve rise times). However, the emission of light per wavelength in this region was measured to be relatively strong, and actually not as fast as was anticipated. This meant that the load resistor value of the detector element could be increased without affecting the signal negatively (bandwidth sufficient), thus adding to the amplitude of the signal to such a point that amplification in a 10m to 30 meter stand-off scenario was no longer needed. This culminated in an unamplified universal detector element being used with various narrow band pass filters up to 1 m, integrated as a very robust analog sensor at a discrete wavelength, and facilitating the direct comparison of light amplitude/relative intensity of the detonation at discrete spectral points. The sensor was employed in the field at various full scale explosive tests at DBEL, which led to the capture of a vast amount of light emitted data for different types of explosives, at various distances from the detonation, and of varying mass. Analysis of this data showed that the broadband light intensity of the emitted light scales to the explosive mass1/3 (as published by FJ Mostert and M Olivier in the Journal for Applied Physics, October 2011). Further analysis also confirmed the attenuation of the emitted light intensity by the square of the distance. Besides the aforesaid, various other key inputs to a possible active intervention algorithm have been identified. These findings are inputs to the determination of i.a. the detonation threat size, a vital component in the active intervention algorithm. The results of these experiments confirmed that the final low cost analog sensor can measure relative light emission at discrete wavelengths from detonation of explosives in the very early stages of development, and that the sensor has many other applications in the detonics research fields as well.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die WNNR se navorsing om detonerende bronne te karakteriseer ten einde aktiewe teenmaatreëls daar te stel, het die behoefte na vore gekom om die intense ligflits van ’n detonasie te ondersoek en te karakteriseer. Vir hierdie doel is ’n lae koste ligsensor benodig, synde die uiteindelike aanwending van hierdie ligsensor die vernietiging daarvan sou beteken, aldus die lae koste vereiste. Gegewe die kort tydsduur van die detonasie (’n paar millisekondes), is dit duidelik dat die ligflits karakerisering voor 1ms moet geskied, en daarom moet die ligsensor ook baie vinnig reageer om insette te lewer tot ’n aktiewe teenmaatreëlstelsel. Daar moet op gelet word dat die ligsensor se ontwikkeling uitkomsgedrewe was deur die navorsingstoetse om ’n aktiewe teenmaatreëlstelsel daar te stel. Een van die insette tot so ’n aktiewe teenmaatreëlstelsel is die grootte van die bedreiging: deur die ligflits te karakteriseer met die lae koste ligsensors t.o.v. golflengte, ligamplitude en moontlik ander verskynsels, kan bv. die massa inset verkry word wat nodig is vir die teenmaatreël algoritme. Die omgewing waarin die ligsensor moet funksioneer is baie onvriendelik i.t.v. skok, stof, vlieënde partikels en elektromagnetiese steurings, en sou daarteen beskerm moes word. Gedurende die navoring om so ’n ligsensor te ontwikkel (samelopend met die teen- maatreël navorsing), is kommersiële kamertemperatuur detektors oorweeg en aange- wend, in samewerking met nouband optiese filters. Die doel was om die ligopbrengs per golflengte te karakteriseer m.b.t. die plofstof massa, plofstof tipe en geometrie, en die afstand vanaf die detonasie. Bitter min literatuur oor die ligmeting van detonasies is aanvanklik gevind, aldus is ’n basislyn daargestel en deur sistematiese toetsing, ontleding en verbetering voortgegaan met die navorsing. Dit het gelei tot ’n verrassend eenvoudige en verharde lae koste ligsensor, wat deur meting sleutelinsette kon lewer tot die gesogte aktiewe teenmaatreël algoritme. Kommersiële detektors en nouband optiese filters is uitgesoek na aanleiding van hul prys en prestasie, en waar nodig, is versterking van die seine aangebring. Verskeie toetse met plofstof (op klein en groot skaal) is uitgevoer, waartydens ligmeting by spesifieke golflengtes opgeneem is. Analise van hierdie data het getoon dat die langer golflengtes (>2 m) se verskyning te laat is vir insluiting in die teenmaatreël algoritme, en is dus geleidelik (of sistematies) uitgeskakel. Die klem het geskuif na die detonasie liguitsetting in die UV tot naby infrarooi spektrum, wat nuwe detektors en filters tot gevolg gehad het (uitkoms gebasseerde navorsing). In die proses is ’n instrumentasie versterker ontwerp en gebou, vir buffering en versterking van seine hoër as 1 MHz met ’n selekteerbare aanwins van tot 40dB. Toetse met volskaalse ladings het egter getoon dat die liguitset besonder sterk is in die UV tot naby infrarooi spektrum, en ’n onversterkte ligsensor is aldus op die proef gestel. Hierdie proeflopie het getoon dat die onversterkte ligsensor besonder goed funksioneer op afstande tot en met 30m, en daar is op hierdie model voortgebou. Die verharde onversterkte ligsensor is aangewend in verskeie verdere volskaalse plofstof toetse, en het data gelewer t.o.v. detonasie liguitstraling by spesifieke golflengtes vir tipes plofstof, plofstof massas, plofstof geometrie en afstande vanaf die detonasie. Analise van hierdie data het getoon dat breëband liguitsetting se intensiteit skaal met die plofstof massa1=3 (gepubliseer as ’n artikel deur FJ Mostert en M Olivier in die Journal of Applied Physics’ - Oktober 2011). Verdere analise het verskeie sleutelinsette tot ’n aktiewe teenmaatreël algoritme geïdentifiseer. Die uitkoms van hierdie eksperimentele navorsing het getoon dat die lae koste lig- sensor relatiewe liguitsetting van ’n detonasie by gekose golflengtes vinnig kan meet in die baie vroeë stadia van die detonasie. Buiten dit, het die sensor verskeie ander nuttige aanwending in die detonasie navorsingsveld.
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Knoop, Ludvig de. "Development of quantitative in situ transmission electron microscopy for nanoindentation and cold-field emission." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3041/.
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Cette thèse porte sur le développement d'analyse quantitative d'expérience in situ de microscopie électronique en transmission (MET). Nous avons utilisé un porte objet spécial, qui combine les fonctions de polarisation électrique locale et tests de micro-mécanique. La méthode des éléments finis (MEF) a été mise en œuvre afin de comparer les résultats issus de la modélisation avec les résultats expérimentaux. En plus des techniques d'imagerie classique, l'holographie électronique a été employée pour mesurer des champs électriques et de déformation. La première partie traite de l'émission de champ d'une nanopointe faite d'un cône de carbone (CCnT). Ce nouveau type de matériaux pourrait remplacer les pointes de tungstène qui sont utilisés dans les canons d'électrons les plus avancés. Quand un champ électrique suffisamment fort est appliqué au CCnT, les électrons peuvent passer à travers la barrière d'énergie avec le vide par effet tunnel, ce qui correspond au phénomène d'émission de champ. En combinant holographie électronique avec les simulations MEF, une valeur quantitative du champ électrique local a été obtenue pour l'émission (2,5 V/nm). En faisant appel aux équations de Fowler-Nordheim, une valeur de la fonction de travail de sortie du CCnT est déterminée (4,8±0,3 eV). Nous avons également mesuré les charges sur le CCnT, avant et après le début de l'émission de champ. La deuxième partie porte sur la déformation plastique d'un film mince d'Al pour tester les interactions des dislocation - interface. Une dislocation à proximité d'une interface avec un matériau plus rigide doit être repoussée par celle-ci. Ici, nous constatons que les dislocations qui vont vers l'interface oxydée sont absorbées par cette interface rigide, même à température ambiante. La contrainte locale est déterminée par une combinaison de mesures de forces par le capteur et de calculs MEF. Enfin, des résultats préliminaires de combiner indentation in situ et holographie électronique en champ sombre sont présentésThis thesis has focused on the development of quantitative in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. We have used a special nano-probe sample holder, which allows local electrical biasing and micro-mechanical testing. The finite element method (FEM) was used to compare models with the experimental results. In addition to conventional imaging techniques, electron holography has been used to measure electric fields and strains. The first part addresses cold-field emission from a carbon cone nanotip (CCnT). This novel type of carbon structure may present an alternative to W-based cold-field emission sources, which are used in the most advanced electron guns today. When a sufficiently strong electric field is applied to the CCnT, electrons can tunnel through the energy barrier with the vacuum, which corresponds to the phenomenon of cold-field emission. Using electron holography and FEM, a quantified value of the local electric field at the onset of field emission was found (2. 5 V/nm). Combining this with one of the Fowler-Nordheim equations, the exit work function of the CCnT was determined to be 4. 8±0. 3 eV. The number of charges on the CCnT before and after the onset of field emission was also measured. The second part focuses on the plastic deformation of Al thin films to test dislocation-interface interactions. A dislocation close to an interface with a stiffer material should be repelled by it. Here, we find to the contrary that dislocations moving towards the oxidized interface are absorbed, even at room temperature. The stress was derived from a combination of load-cell measurements and FEM calculations. Finally, preliminary experiments to combine in situ indentation and dark-field electron holography are reported
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García, Martinez Marta. "Development and validation of the Euler-Lagrange formulation on a parallel and unstructured solver for large-eddy simulation." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT006H/document.
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De nombreuses applications industrielles mettent en jeu des écoulements gaz-particules, comme les turbines aéronautiques et les réacteurs a lit fluidisé de l'industrie chimique. La prédiction des propriétés de la phase dispersée, est essentielle à l'amélioration et la conception des dispositifs conformément aux nouvelles normes européennes des émissions polluantes. L'objectif de cette these est de développer le formalisme Euler- Lagrange dans un solveur parallèle et non-structuré pour la simulation aux grandes échelles pour ce type d'écoulements. Ce travail est motivé par l'augmentation rapide de la puissance de calcul des machines massivement parallèles qui ouvre une nouvelle voie pour des simulations qui étaient prohibitives il y a une décennie. Une attention particulière a été portée aux structures de données afin de conserver une certaine simplicité et la portabilité du code sur des differentes! architectures. Les développements sont validés pour deux configurations : un cas académique de turbulence homogène isotrope décroissante et un calcul polydisperse d'un jet turbulent recirculant chargé en particules. L'équilibrage de charges de particules est mis en évidence comme une solution prometteuse pour les simulations diphasiques Lagrangiennes afin d'améliorer les performances des calculs lorsque le déséquilibrage est trop importantParticle-laden flows occur in industrial applications ranging from droplets in gas turbines tofluidized bed in chemical industry. Prediction of the dispersed phase properties such as concentration and dynamics are crucial for the design of more efficient devices that meet the new pollutant regulations of the European community. The objective of this thesis is to develop an Euler-Lagrange formulation on a parallel and unstructured solver for large- eddy simulation. This work is motivated by the rapid increase in computing power which opens a new way for simulations that were prohibitive one decade ago. Special attention is taken to keep data structure simplicity and code portability. Developments are validated in two configurations : an academic test of a decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence and a polydisperse two-phase flow of a confined bluff body. The use of load-balancing capabilities is highlighted as a promising solut! ion in Lagrangian two-phase flow simulations to improve performance when strong imbalance of the dispersed phase is present
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Faganello, Célia Regina Ferrari. "Fundamentação da cobrança pelo uso da água na agricultura irrigada, na microbacia do Ribeirão dos Marins, Piracicaba/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-18072007-101710/.
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A atual crise mundial de abastecimento hídrico e os conseqüentes problemas relativos ao uso da água são grandes problemas a serem enfrentados pela humanidade, levando à necessidade de se encontrar soluções para prevenir conseqüências negativas ao ambiente. A cobrança pelo uso da água na agricultura irrigada, baseada nos princípios de direito ambiental usuário-pagador e poluidor–pagador, a aplicação dos princípios protetor-recebedor e participação, bem como a educação ambiental, são ferramentas de gestão de recursos hídricos com efeito indutor do uso racional da água, fomentando a consciência de conservação nos usuários irrigantes. A importância desta abordagem holística na implementação da cobrança em uma dada bacia hidrográfica está baseada na integração dos aspectos técnicos das propriedades irrigadas, na legislação ambiental e nas necessidades da comunidade local, para se adequar a cobrança aos usuários irrigantes de forma que a mesma se torne uma aliada no combate ao desperdício e à melhor eficiência no seu uso. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: i) realizar a avaliação qualitativa da irrigação em 11 propriedades rurais da Microbacia do Ribeirão dos Marins (BHRM); ii) fundamentar o instrumento de cobrança pelo uso da água na agricultura irrigada com base nos princípios de direito ambiental Poluidor-Pagador e Usuário-Pagador; iii) discutir o princípio da Participação; iv) fundamentar o sistema de pagamento por serviços ecossistêmicos (PSE); v) fornecer elementos para futuras intervenções de gestão na microbacia voltadas a elaboração de projetos de educação ambiental integrados ao gerenciamento de recursos hídricos. Foram aplicados aos irrigantes roteiros de entrevista semi-estruturada. Os resultados mostraram que o manejo da irrigação não é praticado, a preocupação com a escassez de água é presente; a cobrança pelo uso da água não é aceita, o controle da erosão não é feito e há concordância com a importância da preservação da mata ciliar. Além disso, os resultados forneceram elementos que indicam a ausência de compreensão dos impactos causados pelo manejo inadequado da água, o que pôde ser traduzido pelos graves problemas de degradação de água, solo e mata ciliar detectados. Conclui-se que para induzir mudanças nos usuários irrigantes, promovendo o uso eficiente dos recursos hídricos, através do mecanismo de cobrança pelo uso da água, é necessário conjugar o direito ambiental, a tecnologia de irrigação e a educação ambiental.The current crisis in water supply worldwide and the associated water use problems are one of the great concerns for the humanity, leading to the necessity to find solutions to prevent harmful consequences in the environment. Charges for water use in agricultural irrigation, supported by principles of environmental law as "user-payer" and "polluting payer", the application of "protector-receiver" and "participation" principles as well as environmental education, represent tools in water management with inductive effects on rational water use, broadening the awareness of irrigation users for the sustainment of natural water resources. The carrying out of this holistic approach in the implementation process of water use charges in a given catchment basin is based on the integration of technical aspects of the irrigated areas, environmental legislation and the necessities of the local community to establish individually adapted charges for water use with the result to decrease wastefulness and increase the water use efficiency. The objectives of this work were: (i) a qualitative evaluation of irrigation use in 11 rural areas in the small catchment basin of river Marins; (ii) to base the charge system for water use in agricultural irrigation on basis of the environmental law principles "user-payer" and "polluting payer"; (iii) to argue the principle of "participation"; (iv) to base the payment for ecosystem services (PSE); (v) to provide a basis for future management interventions in the basin with the objective to design environmental education projects, integrated in the management activities of water resources. The study based on semi-structural interviews with irrigation users in the respective areas. The results showed that irrigation management is not practiced, the preoccupation with water deficiency exist, water use charges is not accepted, the monitoring of erosion processes is not done and there is an agreement with the importance to preserve the riverine vegetation. Moreover, the results indicated a lack of knowledge about the impacts caused by inadequate water management that is expected to be the reason for the already existing degradation of water, soil and riverine vegetation. It can be concluded, that for attitude changes of irrigation users in terms of more efficient use of water resources associated with charges for water use interdisciplinary collaborations of environmental law, irrigation management and environmental education are necessary.
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Segal, Matthew. "Development of an ion transport system for singly charged ion injection into an electron string ion source (ESIS) charge-breeder." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33024.
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A 1+ ion delivery system was designed and constructed for the purpose of ion injection into the Electron String Ion Source (ESIS) charge-breeder at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia. The transport system was initially developed at iThemba LABS in Cape Town. This system includes a Liquid Metal Ion Source (LMIS) and an ion extraction and focusing system. The ion delivery system is used to produce Ga+ and Au+ ions which are transported through a beam-line system consisting of charged particle optics such as focusing einzel-lenses, an electrical quadrupole switchyard for 90◦ beam bending, and subsequent correction and focusing lenses before the entry port into the ESIS. A replica of the full system was created and used to study injection and ion transport efficiency before implementation with the ESIS. A multi-wire harp beam profilometer was used to study ion beam profiles and to obtain geometric parameters of Ga+ beams. Ga+ injection into the KRION 6T ESIS was performed successfully using the ion injection system. The extraction of multiply charged gallium was successful after 1+ injection into the KRION 6T ESIS, with a maximum charge-state of 23+. Although 1+ to n+ injection has been performed with similar Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS) devices, this work is the first case of 1+ to n+ injection using the ESIS. This research was conducted within the frame-work of the South Africa/JINR collaboration and has been funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF).
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James, Robert I. (Robert Ian) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. ""Development of GaAs charge-coupled devices."." Ottawa, 1993.
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Lane, Bernard H. "The industrial development of Lake Charles, Louisiana, 1920-1950." Lake Charles, La. : McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial Library, Dept. of Archives and Special Collections, 2008. http://library.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/FTBooks/lane.htm.
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Cagle, R. Brantley. "The political development of the city of Lake Charles, 1890-1930." Lake Charles, La. : McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial Library, Dept. of Archives and Special Collections, 2006. http://www.library.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/cagle.htm.
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Yin, H. B. "Development of charged membranes : synthesis, characterisation and application." Thesis, Swansea University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.636712.
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The main objective of this work was to investigate the preparation, characterisation and application of a group of charged ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (UF/NF) membranes. The study was mainly undertaken on the polysulfone (PSU)/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK)/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone system. The addition of a small amount of SPEEK, in the range of 0.5-5 wt.%, in the polymer blend gave rise to a class of UF/NF charged SPEEK/PSU membranes. All charged membranes had substantially higher water flux, salt rejection, porosity and greatly reduced particle adhesion compared to the PSU base membrane. Membranes with 5 wt.% SPEEK demonstrated excellent overall properties. The application of such charged membranes in surface water treatment has been investigated through a study of their ability to remove humic acid (HA) from a model water, in comparison with two commercial membranes. The charged membranes showed excellent retention of HA and very high flux. Their high charges gave rise to critical fluxes for deposition. HA deposits forming on the charged membranes had a loose structure, as visualised by atomic force microscopy. The effect of SPEEK in the charged membrane formation was further investigated. Thermodynamic stability of the casting solutions decreased while solution viscosity increased with the increase of SPEEK content, especially at higher base polymer (PSU) concentrations. "Polyelectrolyte behaviour" - a peak in reduced viscosity in the SPEEK/PSU system at the dilute concentrations, was observed for the first time in the membrane forming systems. A correlation between these effects of SPEEK and in the final membrane structure and properties was found. Other important process parameters, such as, polymer concentrations, choice of solvents and choice of base polymers also showed a great influence on the formation of charged membranes.
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Raath, Dirk Francois. "Development of an intelligent nickel-cademium battery charger." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1115.
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Thesis (Master's Diploma (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town,1991This thesis describes the control system as well as the charge and discharge circuitry developed to efficiently charge nickel-cadmium batteries. Due to incorrect usage and charging of these batteries their life-spans and output capacities are drastically decreased. Efficiency is improved by cycling the batteries which extends their life-span and performance. "Cycling" refers to a discharge and charge process.
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Broussard, Kimetha D. "Development of a Transformational, Relationship-Based Charge Nurse Program." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3979.
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Leaders of a rural Southwest Oklahoma hospital requested the development of an evidence-based program that could transform unit charge nurses into effective leaders in order to improve the leadership of direct care nurses. Nursing executive leadership discovered staff members were demonstrating high levels of stress, dissatisfaction, and burnout. Press-Ganey survey results revealed that staff felt they were not supported and did not believe nurses cared for patients' or other co-workers' well-being or safety. The Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems outcome scores, which were below hospital and national desired benchmarks, revealed that patients were not satisfied with the care they received. Thus, the goal of this project was to use evidence to craft a program and evaluation plan that could be used by the hospital to develop stronger charge nurse leaders. A detailed examination of evidence supported the development of a program based on the relationship-based care (RBC) model. The RBC model is a transformational leadership development program that increases leadership skills and positive interaction between people. A full program was adapted from the RBC model and designed for the rural hospital. An evaluation plan to measure the short-and long-term objectives was developed. Implementation is expected to create social change by imparting charge nurses with leadership and relationship skills, thus empowering them with greater abilities to provide care. Benner's novice to expert and Watson's theory of caring models served as the foundation of the RBC model. The goal is to present the results at the hospital level and to disseminate the findings locally at professional nursing leadership conferences.
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Queiroz, Manoel Alencar de. "Aglomerações produtivas como alternativa de desenvolvimento do Amazonas: um estudo sobre condomínios de médias e pequenas empresas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2500.
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A Região Amazônica, em especial o Estado do Amazonas, possui um aparato muito diversificado tocante aos recursos naturais necessários para a produção de diferentes produtos nos variados segmentos empresariais e nos distintos setores da economia, fazendo uso e proveito dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais que já foram estudados, mapeados, selecionados e beneficiados através das políticas públicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento regional. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo propôs-se investigar e pesquisar quais as vantagens para as pequenas e médias empresas de pelo menos três segmentos diferentes estarem aglomeradas em Distritos Industriais do tipo condomínio empresarial, uma vez que os Distritos Industriais de Pequenas e Médias Empresas aglomeram um conjunto de empresas de pequeno e médio porte num determinado espaço geográfico e as proporcionam com a ajuda do Governo ou iniciativa privada, aparatos tecnológicos para a produção, divulgação e comercialização de seus produtos acabados, dando-lhes excelentes padrões de competitividade a nível local, regional, nacional e até internacional. Tendo como objetivo geral: Mostrar as vantagens que as pequenas e médias empresas têm por se instalarem de forma aglomerativa em uma determinada territorialidade para que seja um vetor de desenvolvimento por meio das aglomerações produtivas interagindo por toda a sua cadeia. E objetivos específicos: Apresentar os principais segmentos produtivos instalados no DIMPE: O segmento de Madeira-móveis, o Fármaco, o Fitoterápico e o de cosméticos; Fazer uma análise dos Modelos de Condomínios Empresariais instalados no Brasil com o Modelo Italiano; E verificar se o modelo de aglomeração em condomínios empresariais é o mais adequado a realidade do amazonas para aproveitamento dos arranjos produtivos locais. A presente Dissertação de Mestrado foi desenvolvida através de levantamento de informações bibliográficas, utilizando-se de fontes secundárias, como livros, análises de documentos, e visitas ao Distrito de MPE´s e nas muitas Secretarias de Estado e Institutos de Pesquisas que fazem estudos sobre o tema em questão. Alcançando resultados positivos em relação à hipótese que foi proposta podendo confirmar a mesma através dos dados coletados e expostos no Capítulo IV desta Dissertação de Mestrado.
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Gradin, Joakim. "Seaching for a charged Higgs boson and development of a hardware track trigger with the ATLAS experiment." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY098.
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En 2012, les expériences ATLAS et CMS ont annoncé la découverte d’un nouvelle particule compatible avec le boson de Higgs prévu par le modèle standard. Cette particule a été postulée dans les années 1960. Elle explique comment les particules fondamentales obtiennent leurmasse. Cependant, la plupart des modèles allant au-delà du modèle standard prédisent l'existence de bosons de Higgs chargés. Les propriétés de telles particules, par exemple sa masse et son couplage aux autres particules, ne sont pas précisément prédites par la théorie, mais constituent un espace deparamètres qui doit être exploré. Des recherches de bosons de Higgs chargés ont été effectuée avant le LHC, cependant l'extension en énergie réalisée par le LHC a permis d'explorer un domaine plus large en masse. Dans ce travail nous avons cherché un boson chargé de Higgs se décomposant en une paire de quarks t et b. Aucun écart par rapport au modèle standard n'a été observé dans les données recueillies jusqu’en 2016, nous pouvons en déduire deslimites supérieures sur le taux de production d’un boson chargé de Higgs.Ces limites peuvent alors être utilisées pour exclure des parties de l’espacedes paramètres.Le LHC sera mis à niveau vers 2025 pour augmenter sa luminosité (le nombre de collisions par seconde et par cm2). Les protons sont accélérés par paquets. Ainsi, la luminosité peut être augmentée en injectant plus de protons par paquet, mais aussi en focalisant les paquets (réduisant leur taille transverse) au point de collision. Cela signifie que le taux auquel nouspouvons espérer produire des événements rares augmentera, mais aussique le taux de bruit de fond correspondant à l'empilement (le nombre de collisionsmoles de protons par croisement) augmentera. Le taux de croisement de paquets au LHCest trop élevé pour pouvoir lire et stocker toutes les don-nées produites. Ainsi nous devons utiliser un système de déclenchement quisélectionne rapidement les événements intéressants à enregistrer. Le système de déclenchementactuel n'est pas adapté au taux élevé d’empilement attendu pour la phase à hauteluminosité (HL) du LHC. Il doit donc être améliorée.Une façon de le faire est d'utiliser les informations du détecteur internequi fournit des informations sur les trajectoires de particules chargées.En utilisant des algorithmes qui peuvent être mis en œuvre dans l'électronique,un déclenchement de premier niveau sur les traces peut être rendu assez rapide pour fonctionnerdans la courte latence requise au HL-LHC. Le détecteur interne fournitdes points d’espace, des mesures des trajectoires des particules à des intervalles différents où sont installés des pistes de silicium. La quantité dedonnées du trajectomètre est trop grande, aussi effectuer des calculs sur toutes les combinaisons de points spatiaux prendrait trop de temps. Par conséquent, undéclenchement interne de premier niveau doit pouvoir sélectionner un sous-ensemble de pointsspatiaux sur lesquels effectuer le calcul. Dans cette thèse, nous avons exploré l’idée d’utiliser les régions d'intérêt fournies par le système de déclenchement d’électrons et de muonspour sélectionner une partie du volume du détecteur interne, puis de sélectionner lespoints d’espace qui correspondent aux modèles attendus des traces à haute énergie. Il a été démontré que c’est une option viable pour réduire les taux de bruit de fond tout en gardant une efficacitéélevée pour les événements que nous voulons garder, même dansdes conditions élevées d’empilementIn 2012 the ATLAS and CMS experiments announced the discoveryof a new particle, a Higgs boson. This particle was hypothesized in the1960’s and explains how fundamental particles get their mass. However, amodel with a single Higgs boson is still not able to explain the aforemen-tioned cosmological observations. An electrically charged Higgs boson isa feature of many suggested extensions of the current model, includingsupersymmetry. The properties of such a particle, e.g. its mass and howit interacts with other particles are not fixed by theory but forms a pa-rameter space in which we must look for it. Searches for charged Higgsbosons have been performed prior to the LHC, but with the new energyscale of the LHC, the experiments have been able to look for heavier par-ticles. In this work we searched for a charged Higgs boson decaying intothe heaviest two quarks, a top and bottom pair. No deviations from thestandard model were found in the data gathered up until 2016, and hencewe can set upper limits on the production rate of a charged Higgs boson.These limits can then be used to exclude parts of the parameter space.The LHC will be upgraded around 2025 to increase the luminosity,that is the intensity of the proton beams. Protons are not acceleratedone by one at the LHC but in bunches. The luminosity can be increasedby using more protons per bunch but also by squeezing the bunches to besmaller at the point of collision. This means that the rate at which we canhope to produce rare events will increase but also that the backgroundrates and so called pile-up, the number of proton collisions per bunchcrossing, will increase. The rate of bunch crossings at the LHC is muchtoo high for ATLAS to be able to readout and store all data for eachevent, instead we use triggers that select events which look interesting.The current triggers are not suited for the high rates and pile-up of theHigh Luminosity (HL) LHC after the upgrade and must thus be improved.A way to do this is to use the information from the tracking detector thatprovides information on the trajectories of charged particles. By usingalgorithms that can be implemented in hardware a track trigger can bemade fast enough to work within the short latency required at the HL-LHC. The tracking detector provides space points, measurements of theparticle trajectories at different intervals, to which a track can be fitted.The amount of data from the tracker is very large, and performing trackfits on all the combinations of the space point would take too much time.Therefore a track trigger must be able to select a subset of space points onwhich to perform the track fit. For this thesis we have explored the idea ofusing standalone electron and muon triggers to select a part of the trackervolume, and then select space points that match precomputed patternsthat correspond to high energy particles. It has been shown that this isa viable option to reduce background rates while keeping high efficiencyfor the events we want to keep, even in high pile-up conditions
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朱劍超 and Kim-chiu Chu. "Development of intelligent battery charger and controller for electricvehicle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209178.
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Cazares, Lira Victor Manuel. "The intellectual development of Charles A. Beard, 1874-1923." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25980.
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This dissertation traces the development of Charles A. Beard’s social, political, legal and historical thought. It covers his early education in Indiana, his cosmopolitan postgraduate studies at the University of Oxford, Cornell University and Columbia University, and professional work as political scientist and as expert on municipal government. By following thematically and chronologically the relationship between Beard’s historical writings and his early life as teacher of politics and government, this dissertation offers both a reinterpretation of the meaning of Beard’s interpretation of the origins of the U.S. Constitution and a glimpse of the shifting intellectual trends in political thinking that emerged during the Progressive era. Contrary to the idea that Beard was a moral absolutist interested in denouncing the interference of economic interests in government, this thesis argues that Beard developed a pluralistic, functionalistic, and anti-majoritarian conception of politics that was at odds with many Progressive thinkers. Most previous research on Beard has lacked archival research and has ignored Beard’s teachings on politics at Columbia University, thus projecting into Beard’s thought concepts and values he did not adopt. In this study Beard appears as an early advocate of a new pluralistic ethics and utilitarian morality that allowed him to picture the framers of the Constitution as modern pragmatic politicians interested in creating a strong government by the art of integrating the major economic interests of the society in the process of law-making. This dissertation also reveals a broader intellectual world informing Beard’s scholarly work and highlights his readings in modern sociology at DePauw and German sociological jurisprudence as two key factors in understanding Beard’s conception of law and politics. As such, it offers a much more complicated image of Beard’s thought and his intellectual world.
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Isegawa, Miho. "Development of polarizable force field with charge response kernel." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/126573.
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Anderson, Robert. "Charge transfer capacitance meter development for capacitive level sensor." Thesis, Anderson, Robert (2013) Charge transfer capacitance meter development for capacitive level sensor. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2013. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/21673/.
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An innovative technique has been recently developed to measure capacitance and capacitive touch. This technique labeled ‘QTouch’ was patented to Atmel in 2011, [1] but invented by a firm called ‘Quantum Research Group’. The heart of this thesis focuses on two different types of capacitive sensing circuits, adapted from the ‘QTouch’ technique.
The first circuit involves a ‘charge divider’ approach, which behaves similar to resistive voltage divider circuitry, where a voltage is retrieved between a pair of capacitors to compute the unknown capacitance. The key advantage of this circuitry is that it allows a microcontroller to narrow the analogue reference (AREF), which focuses a maximum analogue input range on a linear region. It also has the advantage of obtaining a differential capacitance measurement through using a fixed/known reference capacitor. And finally, it offers a measurement for each charge cycle. In the second prototype circuit, the recently patented ‘QTouch’ charge transfer technique, used specifically in digital touch sensors with large signal-to-noise ratios (SNR), is combined with the charge divider approach. Both these combined techniques form a hybrid QTouch (Analogue QTouch) that is redeveloped into a capacitance sensor that retains all of the noise rejection advantages of the traditional QTouch. The key advantage of this circuitry is that it offers easy disturbance rejection, detects average changes in level and forms a single ended sensor by using a fixed known capacitor.
The Analogue QTouch circuit makes capacitance measurements that are conveyed via an output DAC breakout board, to an analogue voltage that is then fed through an operational amplifier to create a 4-20mA signal. In this project, the QTouch circuit is applied to capacitor probes in a water tank to form a capacitive level sensor, which measures the water level by computing the proportional relationship between water level and the measured capacitance. An LCD display screen is used to display real-time data, such as the capacitance and a corresponding level.
Key findings of this thesis are that the second prototype circuit that employs the ‘QTouch’ charge transfer technique (Analogue QTouch) has been demonstrated to be at least as accurate as some of the advanced capacitive measuring devices on the market such as the ‘Digital Multimeter Q1156’. It is also able to detect capacitance changes and switch to a moving average equation (Equation 12) to improve transient measurement accuracy. Because this system samples ‘accumulated charge’ it does not require continuous sampling, as whenever the accumulated charge is sampled, a type of average accumulation per iteration calculation is performed. Moreover in mathematical terms a sampling of the summation of data points is performed rather than the data points themselves. This in turn allows the user to sample the dataset at any time to perform an average calculation and according to the ‘law of large numbers', the larger the dataset, the more likely the sample average will converge to the true average.
An additional feature of the circuits developed in this thesis is that they operate with any DC voltage range. The benefit of this is that no external circuitry or expensive oscillators are required to perform capacitive measurements. The highly accurate ‘QTouch charge transfer technique’ does not measure frequencies or transient responses against time as other capacitive measurement systems do. Rather it offers both a software and iteration based alternative that can be controlled by a microcontroller.
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Vo, Thomas V. "The Development of an Integrated Battery Management System and Charger." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1406657703.
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Koziel, Michal. "Development of radiation hardened pixel sensors for charged particle detection." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6237.
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Les capteurs CMOS sont développés depuis une décennie en vue d’équiper les détecteurs de vertex des expériences de physique des particules à venir, avec les avantages d’un faible budget de matière et de bas coûts de production. Les caractéristiques recherchées sont un temps de lecture court, une granularité élevée et une bonne radiorésistance. Cette thèse est principalement consacrée à l’optimisation de ce dernier point. Pour diminuer le temps de cycle vers les 10 microsecondes, la lecture des pixels en parallèle dans chaque colonne a été implémentée, associée à une logique de suppression d’information des pixels sans signal. Les pixels sont devenus plus complexes et plus sensibles aux rayonnements ionisants. L’optimisation de l’architecture des pixels, par des techniques standard de durcissement aux rayonnements, a porté la limite à 300 krad (quelques Mrad attendus) pour le procédé de fabrication à 0,35-um utilisé jusque-là. L’amélioration de la tenue aux rayonnements ionisants passe par l’utilisation de technologies de taille inférieure à 0,35-um, naturellement plus radio-résistantes. Ceci facilitant de plus l’intégration de tous les composants dans un pixel. Un autre aspect abordé dans cette thèse concerne la tolérance aux rayonnements non ionisants. Différentes technologies CMOS améliorant la collecte de charges ont été testées. L’utilisation d’une couche de détection de haute résistivité a porté la tenue à ces rayonnements à 3•1013 neq/cm2, conforme à l’objectif fixé. Ce résultat marque une étape importante pour les capteurs CMOS qui devraient rapidement satisfaire le cahier des charges d’expériences particulièrement contraignantes telles que CBM par exempleCMOS Pixel Sensors are being developed since a few years to equip vertex detectors for future high-energy physics experiments with the crucial advantages of a low material budget and low production costs. The features simultaneously required are a short readout time, high granularity and high tolerance to radiation. This thesis mainly focuses on the radiation tolerance studies. To achieve the targeted readout time (tens of microseconds), the sensor pixel readout was organized in parallel columns restricting in addition the readout to pixels that had collected the signal charge. The pixels became then more complex, and consequently more sensitive to radiation. Different in-pixel architectures were studied and it was concluded that the tolerance to ionizing radiation was limited to 300 krad with the 0. 35-um fabrication process currently used, while the targeted value was several Mrad. Improving this situation calls for implementation of the sensors in processes with a smaller feature size which naturally improve the radiation tolerance while simultaneously accommodate all the in-pixel microcircuitry in small pixels. Another aspect addressed in this thesis was the tolerance to non ionizing radiation, with a targeted value of >1013 neq/cm2. Different CMOS technologies featuring an enhanced signal collection were therefore investigated. It was demonstrated that this tolerance could be improved to 3•1013 neq/cm2 by the means of a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. This achievement triggered a new age of the CMOS pixel sensors and showed that their development is on a good track to meet the requirements of the particularly demanding CBM experiment
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Chu, Kim-chiu. "Development of intelligent battery charger and controller for electric vehicle /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12599074.
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Boyce, Margaret. "Visual artpublic art and urban development : a case study of Montreal (1967-1992)." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38467.
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In the course of the twentieth century, art became increasingly dominated by market forces. Private corporations and public administrations, including cities, used art as a development tool. In the post-industrial era, art was assimilated to a cultural industry and those whom we label "black collars" succeeded to the blue collar workers of the industrial era and to the white collar workers of the modern city.In the late 1960s, public sculpture spread in the urban landscape. In the same period, a new generation of artists was trying to create ecological works of art, forms that are associated with post-modernism in art. But there were few works of art that were linked to nature, when compared with the quantity of sculptures exhibited in the plazas of skyscrapers. Why? To answer this question, this research uses the sociology of art as a methodology, particularly the methodology developed by Pierre Bourdieu. The thesis presents the case of Montreal, and compares it to that of New York City. It includes case studies of Viger Square and of the Canadian Centre for Architecture (CCA) Garden, two public spaces designed by Montreal artists. We examine the factors that contributed to the predominance of a specific art form, the sculpture in a plaza, and to the rarity of the garden: the characteristics of the genre (garden versus sculpture); the relationships between the main actors; the art market and the manipulation of demand; the various policies associated with art/culture and with urban development; the interests of patrons (be they public or private). All these factors had an influence on the art forms in the city, often labelled "public art" or "art integrated with architecture." The study reveals that the post-modern economy exhibited works of art that are seldom associated with post-modernism in art. The model of the sculpture in a plaza did not dominate the modernist urban development, but it reflects more a post-modernist morphology.
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Greig, Thomas Alexander. "Development of CMOS active pixel sensors." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5345.
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This thesis describes an investigation into the suitability of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) active pixel sensor (APS) devices for scientific imaging applications. CMOS APS offer a number of advantages over the established charge-coupled device (CCD) technology, primarily in the areas of low power consumption, high-speed parallel readout and random (X-Y) addressing, increased system integration and improved radiation hardness. The investigation used a range of newly designed Test Structures in conjunction with a range of custom developed test equipment to characterise device performance. Initial experimental work highlighted the significant non-linearity in the charge conversion gain (responsivity) and found the read noise to be limited by the kTC component due to resetting of the pixel capacitance. The major experimental study investigated the contribution to dark signal due to hot-carrier injection effects from the in-pixel transistors during read-out and highlighted the importance of the contribution at low signal levels. The quantum efficiency (QE) and cross-talk were also investigated and found to be limited by the pixel fill factor and shallow depletion depth of the photodiode. The work has highlighted the need to design devices to explore the effects of individual components rather than stand-alone imaging devices and indicated further developments are required for APS technology to compete with the CCD for high-end scientific imaging applications. The main areas requiring development are in achieving backside illuminated, deep depletion devices with low dark signal and low noise sampling techniques.
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Howard, Nathan Eric. "Development of techniques to characterize electron-bombarded charge-coupled devices." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280292.
Full textAbstract:
Electron Bombarded Charge Coupled Devices (EBCCDs) are a new hybrid image intensifier tube device that allows photoelectrons to be directly detected by a CCD placed as the tube anode. These devices have many significant advantages over traditional image intensified systems, due to their lower noise figure, high intra-scene dynamic range, and high signal to noise ratio. EBCCDs are not subject to some of the deleterious effects that plague traditional intensifiers including veiling glare, "chicken wire" patterns, and ion scintillation. Currently, there is not a standardized set of characterization methods used to measure the performance of these hybrid devices. Furthermore, the normal method of measuring device gain as a ratio of output current (measured as current through the anode substrate) to input current (as measured through the photocathode) does not apply to EBCCDs. This dissertation presents several new methods that have been developed to characterize in situ EBCCD tubes. The new characterization methods that have been developed are: (1) How to measure the actual gain of an EBCCD when operated as a CCD (normal operating mode), (2) How to measure the mean and variance of a single electron pulse height distribution when only multiple electron pulse height distribution data is available, (3) How to measure the spatially varying probability of secondary electron capture by the CCD potential wells, (4) How to measure the thickness of an aluminum overcoat using only optical measurements, (5) How to measure the gain variation due to aluminum thickness variations. These methods have been designed to enable characterization of the EBCCD even after it has been mounted in a camera. This will allow both tube and camera manufacturers to measure performance in a production setting. These new methods were employed, along with other standard measurement techniques, to characterize a commercially available EBCCD (Hamamatsu N7220) controlled by a camera designed by the author. Several figures of merit were measured as a function of accelerating potential including the gain, device signal to noise ratio, detective quantum efficiency, and noise figure. The tube MTF, radiometric sensitivity, aluminum thickness, dynamic range, and probability of secondary electron detection were also measured.
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Levee, Alice Place. "The development of the rice industry in the Lake Charles district." Lake Charles, La. : McNeese State University, Frazar Memorial Library, Dept. of Archives and Special Collections, 2008. http://library.mcneese.edu/depts/archive/FTBooks/levee.htm.
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Balow, Stephanie Ann. "Investigation of CHD7 Function in Developmental Models of CHARGE Syndrome." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396625345.
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Pryby, Felicia Katherine. "Improving the Charge Nurse's Leadership Role: A Collaborative Learning Forum." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2457.
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Staff nurses are frequently placed in charge nurse positions without the necessary formal training. The long-term goal of this project was to develop a curriculum for a formal institutional leadership workshop for the charge nurses at the practicum site. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice model and Lewin's change theory were used to guide the development and implementation of the workshop. Data were collected using a focus group approach with 4 novice and 5 expert medical-surgical charge nurses. The short-term goal of the project was to understand the charge nurses' perceptions of leadership and the challenges as a front-line leader. Participating nurses were recruited from staff meetings and from a hospital flyer. Each participant answered the 3 leadership questions. The charge nurses' statements were categorized and color-coded to identify emerging themes from repetitions of words and patterns; themes were subsequently prioritized from the most to the least occurring. Member checking with participants as well as preceptor verification and validation of 10 themes that were utilized to develop the curriculum: communication, patient safety, roles, teamwork, conflict management, generational diversity, mentoring, cheerleader, prioritization, and delegation. Implementing the workshop 4 hours per month over a 3-month period and formal mentoring was recommended for optimal sustainability based on the proposed theoretical framework. Implications for positive social change include the potential for enhancing the quality of patient care delivered and improving patient safety as a result of charge nurse leadership being modeled.
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Craven, Colin M. "The effects of electrolyte solution composition on silica surface charge development." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27067.
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Emmanouilidis, A. "Development, modelling and investigation of a charge breeder for radioactive beams." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272000.
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Kureekkal, Tony Sabu. "Designing a Wireless Charger for Smartphones." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industridesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46964.
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The wireless charging market has seen exponential growth in recent years and wireless charging is quickly becoming the standard in consumer electronic devices to eliminate inconveniences of wired chargers. The adoption of wireless charging technology is most visible in the smartphone industry. This thesis report elicits the process involved in designing a Wireless charger that complies with the Qi- Wireless Standards set by the Wireless Power Consortium. The drawbacks of current product offerings and user needs are identified, and conceptual solutions that could strengthen the wireless charging experience are explored. The most promising solution is developed upon which results in a full-scale functional prototype.
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Folkert, Michael R. (Michael Ryan) 1975. "Development, characterization, and application of a charged particle microbeam for radiobiological research." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34434.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005."September 2005."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-197).
The goal of this work is to develop a charged-particle microbeam for use in radiobiological research at the MIT Laboratory for Accelerator Beam Applications (LABA). The purpose of this device is to precisely explore the radiation response of biological systems on a cellular and subcellular level, particularly in the area of temporal and spatial effects of radiation on in vitro systems. An accelerator-based 750 keV proton source was characterized and integrated into a laboratory-scale device that includes a deflection/gating system, single-particle detection system, imaging and positioning system, and a collimation system with two designed modes: a "charged-particle microslit" for delivering a -3 micron by 1 mm dose profile; and a pinhole aperture for delivering a -3 micron diameter pattern of radiation. The entire device measures less than 4 m, requires minimal radiation shielding, and utilizes a dedicated ion source. The charged particle microslit has been fully characterized and used to deliver a radiation pattern to a series of mammalian fibroblast cell monolayers that have subsequently been assayed for direct and indirect chemical effects of radiation, double-stranded DNA damage, and DNA repair protein localization. These studies will contribute to the understanding of the radiation-induced bystander effect, which is generally defined as the induction of biological effects in cells that are not directly traversed by ionizing radiation.
(cont.) Analysis of the range of assays performed on the microbeam-irradiated cells demonstrates that even though the physical radiation dose is confined to a subnuclear width (< 5 microns), in many cases the biological effects of the radiation extend for many cell widths (> 40 microns) and show dependence on the initial radiation dose delivered to the directly irradiated cells. As an experimental system, the LABA Microbeam was designed to be practically turn-key, and most applications require only one operator to perform. The LABA Microbeam represents a significant step towards a cost-effective and easily operated charged-particle microbeam appropriate for use as a standard laboratory research tool. Further work remains in automation of the microbeam subsystems and optimization/characterization of the pinhole-aperture collimator, as well as expanding the scope of the radiobiological assays performed using the charged-particle microslit.
by Michael R. Folkert.
Ph.D.
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Alarcón, Díez Víctor. "Development of charged particle detection systems for materials analysis with rapid ion beams : large solid angle detectors and numerical nuclear pulse processing." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066489/document.
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Cette thèse présente de nouveaux développements en détection de particules chargées et traitement tout-numérique d'impulsions pour application à l'analyse avec des faisceaux d'ions rapides (IBA). Un ensemble de 16 détecteurs gravés sur une puce de Si est mis en œuvre, ce qui fournit un angle solide de détection environ 100 fois plus grande que celle des détecteurs utilisés auparavant pour l'IBA. Seize chaines d'acquisition sont également mises en œuvre avec une approche 'tout-numérique' pour le traitement des signaux issus des détecteurs. Dans son ensemble, le système ainsi développé a une résolution en énergie équivalent à celle des détecteurs standards. La considérable quantité d'information ainsi générée est traitée de manière cohérente en ajustant des spectres en énergie simulé aux spectres mesurés grâce à un algorithme de recuit simulé, avec le NDF DataFurnace. Les grandes angles solides disponibles sont exploitées pour des études par rétrodiffusion de Rutherford (RBS) et canalisation d'ions de l'isolant topologique Bi2Se3 enrichi en fer en vue d'études de l'effet thermoélectrique, de spintronique ou encore la computation quantique, ainsi que pour des études par RBS et analyse par réactions nucléaires (NRA) de matériaux pour la photovoltaïque organique, basés sur tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) comme photo-absorbant avec oxydes de métaux de transition pour injection de chargeThis thesis presents new developments in charged particle detection and digital pulse processing for application in analysis with fast ion beams - Ion Beam Analysis (IBA). In particular a charged particle detector array, consisting of 16 independent charged particle detectors on a single silicon chip is implemented giving an overall solid angle of detection around two orders of magnitude greater than the standard charged particle detectors used in IBA. Sixteen parallel data acquisition channels are implemented using a fully digital approach for nuclear pulse processing. The overall system has an energy resolution equivalent to that of standard detectors. The large amount of data generated is handled in a self-consistent way by spectrum fitting with a simulated annealing algorithm via the NDF DataFurnace. The large solid angles thus achieved are exploited in Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) and ion channelling studies of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 enriched in Fe, in view of studies of the thermo-electric effect, spintronics and quantum computing, and in RBS and Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) studies of organic photovoltaic materials based on tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene (DBP) as the photo-absorber and transition metal oxide charge injectors
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Cheung, Wai-chuen. "Application of the Prince's idea : conservation of Kam Tin /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781315.
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Havert, Mandy, and Wendy C. Doucette. "Be Your Own Mentor: Take Control of Your Professional Development." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5357.
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Finding a mentor who works well for you can be both challenging and frustrating. Mentor-mentee matching programs are a great idea and work beautifully for some librarians in specific contexts. What happens when you outgrow, mismatch or need specialized or temporal mentoring? How do you understand the scope of your need? How do you get to the "why" behind building this relationship?
In this program, audience members will assess their resources and needs, develop a short list of possible mentors for those needs, identify their personal goals and what they hope to provide a mentor through this relationship. Further, audience members will consider how to build an effective relationship with both accountability and an assessment plan to help both the mentor and mentee understand if goals have been met. Finally, time will be given to ensure audience members consider how best to share the skills and understanding they acquire through this relationship.
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Cimino, Vito A. "Optimal placement of dredged material for wetland development within the Charles Mill Reservoir." Ohio : Ohio University, 2001. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1173810919.
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Taschner, Matthew John. "The Development of an Electric Tricycle and Buck-Topology-Based Battery Pack Charger." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1320692738.
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Brajadenta, Gara Samara. "Development of a functional assay for CHD7, a protein involved in CHARGE syndrome." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT1401/document.
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Le syndrome CHARGE (CS) est une maladie génétique rare caractérisée par de nombreuses anomalies congénitales, majoritairement causées par des altérations de novo du gène CHD7. Celui-ci code pour une protéine à chromodomaines, impliquée dans le remodelage ATP-dépendant de la chromatine. La grande majorité des altérations de CHD7 consiste en allèles nuls tels que des délétions, des substitutions non-sens ou des décalages du cadre de lecture. Nous avons réalisé le premier diagnostic moléculaire d’un patient Indonésien atteint du CS, en étudiant un panel de gènes (CHD7, EFTUD2, et HOXA1) par NGS (next-generation sequencing). Nous avons identifié une nouvelle mutation non-sens hétérozygote dans l’exon 34 du gène CHD7 (c.7234G>T ou p.Glu2412Ter). Par ailleurs, il n'existe pas d’analyse fonctionnelle qui permettrait de caractériser la pathogénicité des variants de la protéine CHD7 rencontrés chez des patients. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de ce travail est de mettre au point un test fonctionnel de la protéine CHD7, sous forme sauvage ou mutée. Pour cela, nous avons généré par mutagénèse dirigée des vecteurs codant pour trois variants faux-sens de CHD7 et le variant présentant une insertion de cinq acides aminés. Ensuite, les protéines CHD7, sous forme sauvage ou variante, ont été surexprimées dans la lignée HeLa. L’expression des protéines a été mise en évidence par western blot et par immunofluorescence. Pour étudier la fonctionnalité de CHD7, nous avons quantifié par RT-qPCR les transcrits de cinq gènes (l’ADNr 45S, SOX4, SOX10, MYRF, et ID2), dont la transcription est selon le littérature régulée par CHD7. Nous avons observé que l’expression de CHD7 sauvage entraînait une diminution significative et reproductible des quantités de transcrits correspondant à tous les gènes rapporteurs. Par contre, l’expression des quatre allèles variants de CHD7 n’avait aucun impact, ce qui suggère que ces variants ne sont pas fonctionnels. Par ailleurs, nous avons appliqué notre test biologique dans des cellules de la lignée SH-SY5Y, pour lesquelles nous avons introduit une mutation faux-sens dans le génome en utilisant la technique CRISPR/Cas9. Lorsque ce variant était exprimé, les niveaux de transcription des cinq gènes rapporteurs n’étaient pas significativement différents de ceux observés dans les cellules où les deux allèles de CHD7 avaient été invalidés. Par conséquent, les variants étudiés peuvent être répertoriés comme résultant de mutations causales du CSCHARGE syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by numerous congenital abnormalities, mainly caused by de novo alterations of the CHD7 gene. It encodes a chromodomain protein, involved in the ATP-dependent remodeling of chromatin. The vast majority of CHD7 alterations consists in null alleles like deletions, non-sense substitutions or frameshift-causing variations. We report the first molecular diagnosis of an Indonesian CS patient by a targeted NGS (next-generation sequencing) gene panel (CHD7, EFTUD2, and HOXA1). We identified a novel heterozygous nonsense mutation in exon 34 of CHD7 (c.7234G>T or p.Glu2412Ter). Functional analyses to confirm the pathogenicity of CHD7 variants are lacking and urgently needed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a functional test for wild-type (WT) or variants of CHD7 protein found in CS patients. Using an expression vector encoding CHD7, three variants harboring an amino acid substitution and one variant with a five-amino acid insertion were generated via site-directed mutagenesis. Then CHD7 proteins, either wild-type (WT) or variants, were overexpressed in HeLa cell line. Protein expression was highlighted by western blot and immunofluorescence. We then used real-time RT-PCR to study CHD7 functionality by evaluating the transcript amounts of five genes whose expression is regulated by CHD7 according to the literature. These reporter genes are 45S rDNA, SOX4, SOX10, ID2, and MYRF. We observed that, upon WT-CHD7 expression, the reporter gene transcriptions were downregulated, whereas the four variant alleles of CHD7 had no impact. This suggests that these alleles are not polymorphisms because the variant proteins appeared non-functional. Furthermore, we applied our biological assay in SH-SY5Y cell line in which endogenous CHD7 gene was mutated using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Then, we observed that when a CHD7 missense variant was expressed, the transcription levels of the five reporter genes were non-significantly different, compared with the cells in which both CHD7 alleles were knocked-out. Therefore, the studied variants can be considered as disease-causing of CS
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Cooney, Ryan. "Charge carrier dynamics and the development of optical gain in semiconductor quantum dots." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86867.
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State-resolved pump/probe measurements with femtosecond temporal resolution were made to examine the size dependent charge carrier dynamics of strongly confined CdSe quantum dots. Following optical excitation, relaxation in the conduction band is shown to be consistent with the expectations of an Auger mediated process. In the valence band, the presence of a previously unobserved relaxation mechanism is detected. This mechanism is associated with non-adiabatic interactions with the surface ligands. The quantitative nature of these measurements, resulting from the explicit investigation of state-to-state transition rates, allowed for the development of a unified picture of exciton relaxation in these materials. Here the total transition rate associated with the charge carriers is composed of a manifold of different contributions, each with a distinct size dependence.These state-resolve methods were further applied to investigate the development of optical gain in CdSe quantum dots. It was observed that the capacity of these systems to achieve the regime of optical gain has a pronounced dependence on the initially prescribed excitonic state. In general, as the energy of the initial state was increased it was progressively more difficult to achieve optical gain due to the impeding influence of state dependent multiexcitonic interactions. This explains the inability of prior research which used fixed wavelength excitation sources to demonstrate optical gain in small particles. By maintaining the identity for the pumped state in different particle sizes, the long standing prediction that quantum dots would be a universal gain medium was recovered. In addition, evidence for the capacity of specific higher order multiexcitonic interactions to manipulate the resulting optical gain spectrum was provided.
Des mesures pompe/sonde résolues en états quantiques de résolutions temporelles de l'ordre du femtoseconde ont été effectuées pour examiner la dynamique, dépendante de la taille, des transporteurs de charges de points quantiques de CdSe fortement confinés. Après l'excitation optique, la relaxation de la bande de conduction s'effectue par le mécanisme Auger, tel que prédit, alors que dans la bande de valence la présence d'un mécanisme de relaxation précédemment inobservé est détectée. Ce mécanisme est associé aux interactions non-adiabatiques avec les ligands de surface. La nature quantitative de ces mesures, résultant d'une recherche explicite sur les taux de transition d'état-à-état, a permis de développer un portrait d'ensemble de la relaxation d'exciton pour ces matériaux. Dans ce système, le taux de transition associé aux porteurs de charge se compose de différentes contributions, chacune ayant une dépendance de taille distincte.
Ces méthodes résolues en états quantiques ont été également appliquées à l'étude du développement du gain optique dans les points quantiques de CdSe. Il a été observé que la capacité de ces systèmes à atteindre le régime du gain optique dépend fortement de l'état excitonique initial. Au fur et à mesure que l'énergie de l'état fondamental fût augmentée, il fùt progressivement plus difficile d'obtenir un gain optique à cause de l'influence des interactions multiexcitoniques, dépendantes des états. Ceci explique donc l'incapacité des études antérieures, ayant utilisées des sources fixes d'excitation de longueur d'onde, à démontrer le gain optique des petites particules. La prévision émise antérieurement selon laquelle les points quantiques seraient un médium de gain universel a été confirmée en conservant l'identité pour l'état pompé dans des tailles de particules différentes. La capacité des interactions multiexcitoniques d'ordres spécifiques supérieures à manoeuvrer le gain optique résultant a aussi été prouvée.
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Deng, Hui M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The real estate user charge and its impact on housing development in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37657.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-103).
Off-budget public finance in China is an informal system of levies that emerges in response to local fiscal needs. Off-budget funds serve as part of local government revenue and help finance local government expenditures. In the real estate sector, local governments raise off-budget funds by charging many types of user fees on housing development. The user charge revenue is an important revenue source to finance urban public service expenditures. Some drawbacks of user charges such as legal ambiguity and the lack of transparency reflect noteworthy investment risks in Chinese housing development. Thus, a good understanding of the real estate user charges is critical for foreign and domestic developers who are interested in housing development in China. In this study, we have explored literatures about urban public service policies, presented facts about the current user charge practices, analyzed the costs incurred in use fee transactions, evaluated the efficiency and equity contributions of the current system, and illustrated important issues in details by a case study of a single user fee.
(cont.) Based on our research, we argue that user charges are important financial instruments for urban public services such as water, gas, electricity, and sewage, whereas the current market is bearing a lot of transaction costs due to the incomplete legislation and the limitation of institutional settings. We recommend short-term and long-term strategies for future user charge reforms. Policy designed for improving the user charge system should be based on the particular circumstances in China. Reforms should proceed according to the evolution of the entire institutional environment and are expected to be gradual.
by Hui Deng.
M.C.P.
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Manning, Peter Christopher. "Development of a Series Parallel Energy Management Strategy for Charge Sustaining PHEV Operation." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49436.
Full textAbstract:
The Hybrid Electric Vehicle Team of Virginia Tech (HEVT) is participating in the 2012-2014 EcoCAR 2: Plugging in to the Future Advanced Vehicle Technology Competition series organized by Argonne National Lab (ANL), and sponsored by General Motors Corporation (GM) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The goals of the competition are to reduce well-to-wheel (WTW) petroleum energy consumption (PEU), WTW greenhouse gas (GHG) and criteria emissions while maintaining vehicle performance, consumer acceptability and safety. Following the EcoCAR 2 Vehicle Development Process (VDP) of designing, building, and refining an advanced technology vehicle over the course of the three year competition using a 2013 Chevrolet Malibu donated by GM as a base vehicle, the selected powertrain is a Series-Parallel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) with P2 (between engine and transmission) and P4 (rear axle) motors, a lithium-ion battery pack, an internal combustion engine, and an automatic transmission.
Development of a charge sustaining control strategy for this vehicle involves coordination of controls for each of the main powertrain components through a distributed control strategy. This distributed control strategy includes component controllers for each individual component and a single supervisory controller responsible for interpreting driver demand and determining component commands to meet the driver demand safely and efficiently. For example, the algorithm accounts for a variety of system operating points and will penalize or reward certain operating points for other conditions. These conditions include but are not limited to rewards for discharging the battery when the state of charge (SOC) is above the target value or penalties for operating points with excessive emissions. Development of diagnostics and remedial actions is an important part of controlling the powertrain safely. In order to validate the control strategy prior to in-vehicle operation, simulations are run against a plant model of the vehicle systems. This plant model can be run in both controller Software- and controller Hardware-In-the-Loop (SIL and HIL) simulations.
This paper details the development of the controls for diagnostics, major selection algorithms, and execution of commands and its integration into the Series-Parallel PHEV through the supervisory controller. This paper also covers the plant model development and testing of the control algorithms using controller SIL and HIL methods. This paper details reasons for any changes to the control system, and describes improvements or tradeoffs that had to be made to the control system architecture for the vehicle to run reliably and meet its target specifications. Test results illustrate how changes to the plant model and control code properly affect operation of the control system in the actual vehicle. The VT Malibu is operational and projected to perform well at the final competition.Master of Science
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Heyns, Anri. "Empowerment through mine community development: how the politics of development perpetuate poverty in mining areas – a legal theoretical analysis." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Law, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32685.
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The Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (“MPRDA”) and the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African Mining and Minerals Industry (“Mining Charter”), created in terms of the MPRDA, aim to address the exploitative legacies of past discriminatory practices in the mining industry. Impoverished mining communities stand to benefit from empowerment under the Mining Charter in the form of mine community development – one of the elements that constitute a mining right holder's commitment under the Mining Charter. Despite this legislative intervention and the relative wealth generated by the extraction of mineral resources, poverty and conflict have become the stereotypical images associated with mining areas. This project aims to determine why the empowerment of mining communities through mine community development perpetuates poverty from the past and creates new inequalities. To answer this main question, it is considered how the historical context within which the relevant policy and legislation were created, affected legislative drafting. Second, the effects of promoting development and empowerment in legislative provisions are explored to determine which worldviews and underlying values are being promoted by the legislative instruments under discussion. Furthermore, it is considered how these worldviews and underlying values affect how mining communities, subjected to harsh socio-economic living conditions, are depicted in legislative provisions. Here, it is specifically considered what the notion of “community” signifies in a development context and how “community” is represented in legislation. The thesis is a theoretical exposition of the ideological assumptions underlying the concepts “development”, “empowerment”, “community” and “poverty”. It is shown that “mine community development” is an inherently contradictory notion in South African law. The development paradigm implies the universalisation of values, effectively creating “the poor”, and causing vagueness and paradoxes. It results not only in a perpetuation of poverty and inequality from the past but also in the creation of new inequalities, as is evident in the differentiation drawn by the Mining Charter between different types of communities in mining areas. Measures currently being enforced by the legislation under discussion, are in desperate need of reconsideration.
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Clucas, Donald Murray. "Development of a Stirling engine battery charger based on a low cost wobble mechanism." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3598.
Full textAbstract:
The benefits of the Stirling Cycle have been known for well over a century but several specific
problems have prevented its common use in modern society.
During 1989 this PhD project was undertaken to investigate various applications for the Stirling
Engine and develop the one most likely to succeed commercially and be manufactured within New
Zealand. The Stirling Engine Battery Charger For Yachts was selected and this thesis outlines the
design development up to and including testing a pre-production prototype.
Although the system is specifically designed to allow scaling to accommodate future designs of
total energy system for yachts and for use in other applications, this thesis is restricted to the
development of an air charged, 200 Watt (electric), LPG heated, hermetically sealed and '
pressurised unit suitable for charging 12 volt batteries. The chosen design utilised the four cylinder
double acting configuration and incorporated a modified alternator to also act as a starter motor.
Several of the key problems with the Stirling Engine which have prevented its commercialisation
are identified early in the thesis and the succeeding Chapters present investigations and possible
solutions to each. These investigations resulted in the development of a new kinematic mechanism
design, further piston seal research, a combined starter alternator, alternative heat exchanger
designs and another general system layout.
To aid Stirling Engine design and optimisation a computer modelling package was developed. This
system was based on a commercial Spreadsheet program and a customised published Quasi
Steady Flow simulation routine. To verify the simulation an Alpha configuration engine was
manufactured and tested prior to designing the prototype unit.
The prototype engine/alternator successfully met its design power of 200 Watts. This thesis
concludes with the detailed design of the prototype, its performance characteristics, a review of
the system viability and recommendations for further development and other applications.
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Barrett, Constance Elizabeth. "Towards development of a critical edition of the string quartets of Charles Tomlinson Griffes /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487858417983135.
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Rabhi, Nesrine. "Charged particle diagnostics for PETAL, calibration of the detectors and development of the demonstrator." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0339/document.
Full textAbstract:
Afin de protéger leurs systèmes de détection de l'impulsion électromagnétique géante générée par l'interaction du laser PETAL avec sa cible, les diagnostics de PETAL seront équipés de détecteurs passifs. Pour les ensembles SEPAGE et SESAME, une combinaison d'Imaging Plates (IP) et de couches de protection de matériaux de grand numéro atomique sera utilisée, qui permettra: 1) d'assurer que la réponse des détecteurs sera indépendante de son environnement mécanique proche dans les diagnostics et donc homogène sur toute la détection, 2) de blinder les détecteurs contre les photons de haute énergie produits dans la cible de PETAL. Dans le travail présenté ici, nous avons réalisé des expériences d'étalonnage avec les IPs auprès d'installations générant des électrons, des protons ou des ions, dans le but de couvrir le domaine en énergie cinétique de la détection des particules chargées de PETAL, de 0.1 à 200 MeV. L'introduction a pour but de décrire les méthodes et outils utilisés au cours de cette étude. Le second chapitre présente les résultats de deux expériences réalisées avec des électrons dans le domaine d'énergie cinétique [5-180] MeV. Le troisième chapitre décrit une expérience et ses résultats avec les protons entre 80 et 200 MeV étaient envoyés sur nos détecteurs. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à une expérience utilisant des protons et des ions entre1 et 22 MeV en énergie de protons et dont l'objectif était l'étude de détecteurs et le test du démonstrateur de SEPAGE. Nous avons utilisé GEANT4 pour l'analyse de nos données et prédire la réponse de nos détecteurs dans le domaine 0.1 à 1000 MeVIn order to protect their detection against the giant electromagnetic pulse generated by the interaction of the PETAL laser with its target, PETAL diagnostics will be equipped with passive detectors. For SESAME and SEPAGE systems, a combination of imaging plate (IP) detectors with high-Z material protection layers will be used to provide additional features such as: 1) Ensuring a response of the detector to be independent of its environment and hence homogeneous over the surface of the diagnostics; 2) Shielding the detectors against high-energy photons from the PETAL target. In this work, calibration experiments of such detectors based on IPs were performed at electron and proton facilities with the goal of covering the energy range of the particle detection at PETAL from 0.1 to 200 MeV. The introduction aims at providing the reader the methods and tools used for this study. The second chapter presents the results of two experiments performed with electrons in the range from 5 to 180 MeV. The third chapter describes an experiment and its results, where protons in the energy range between 80 and 200 MeV were sent onto detectors. The fourth chapter is dedicated to an experiment with protons and ions in the energy range from 1 to 22 MeV proton energy, which aimed at studying our detector responses and testing the demonstrator of the SEPAGE diagnostic. We used the GEANT4 toolkit to analyse our data and compute the detection responses on the whole energy range from 0.1 to 1000 MeV