Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Development at village level'
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Mulalu, Mulalu. "Participatory geographic information systems to anchor the creation and construction of knowledge to support rural community development. A case study of Tshane village, Botswana." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2000.
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This research investigated the role of participatory geographic information systems (PGIS) in instituting the culture of using knowledge in order to implement a rural community development strategy that targets improving living standards at the household level. Current development interventions continue to perform poorly because they do not really address people directly, attention has been drawn to the role of knowledge in facilitating the individuals to effect their own development. Geographic information systems (GIS) represent one of the options that the rural community can use to compile and to structure information and to facilitate the construction of knowledge. With regard to what motivates the people to initiate and sustain their own development effort, this research used learning theories to design training material, inform the individual and group learning activities and learning cycles theory to carry out confidence instilling field work research tasks. The overall aim was to work with a rural community to develop a framework that can be used to employ a GIS to a) compile basic data and review current livelihoods, b) determine local needs, c) determine the requirements that will facilitate people to achieve their needs, d) develop a computer assisted information system prototype to hold their knowledge requirements and support their business activities, and e) test the ease with which the local community applied the developed prototype to plan to improve their living standards. Such an approach defined a PGIS framework.The researcher procured guidance from and secured collaborative leadership with six village development committee (VDC) members, the village councillor and the village chief. The VDC facilitated the ward heads to select trainees from the village community, these together with the VDC became the work force of the research project. Eleven business modelling scenarios and ten business plans were produced. Seven two-man teams used GIS software to digitize village plot parcels from colour aerial photographs and also compiled other basic map data layers. Field mapping was used to check and update the preliminary village plots map, to map the existing electric power and water lines and to update the village roads network. The plot data which included type of fencing, types of buildings, presence of toilet, water or power facilities and number of people were used to determine a sampling frame. The village team carried out sixty one conversational interviews and administered an attitudes scale. An interpretation of the social survey exploratory data analysis results was then used to determine the community needs. A data model for shelter acquisition and goats rearing was developed and an application prototype was developed for it. The prototype was subsequently tested on the host rural community.The results of the research indicated that as people gain the skills to work with knowledge, they can become active in the tasks that are aimed at improving their living standards. To achieve this, there was need for a supportive stewardship and close tutoring and mentoring from the village leadership and a community livelihood supporting intervention strategy from the community development institutions. A more experiential form of formal education, and a better appreciation of traditional education are required in order to secure dignified and sustainable livelihoods. Such a conceptualization of education is also required for meaningful and beneficial participation to take place. Although the basic infrastructure was low, the indication was that with knowledge and forward planning, a sufficient infrastructure can be developed. However, whether the PGIS initiative could be sustained would depend on the strength and dedication of the local leadership at the various levels of the community, they would determine whether the PGIS initiative was institutionalized in order to add to the human and social capital of the community.
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Klucas, Eric Eugene 1957. "The Village Larder: Village Level Production and Exchange in an Early State." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565574.
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Nanavati, Shahid Sadruddin 1961. "Village adoption scheme : a model for rural development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17692.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 51-54).
The study describes a "Village Adoption Scheme" as a model for energising the rural economy in India and to slow down rural - urban migration which research has shown to be harmful to both; rural and urban people of India and their regions. The model presented here is designed to use the resources existing in social, traditional, cultural, legal, ethnic, religious, economic and political layers of the rural society and seeks to enable the region to build upon them to generate resources. The thesis describes implementation of the scheme in one region of rural India and suggests the conditions, which would be needed to prevail if the approach were to be extended. The study describes the scale of the project and also the lessons learnt from the endeavour, which would help those who plan to use the model described. The author participated in the project as a member of the GVSP's steering committee and is in a position to give first hand information of the project works.
by Shahid Sadruddin Nanavati.
M.C.P.
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Sharifullah, A. K., Md Ataur Rahman, Koichi Usami, and Swapan Kumar Dasgupta. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND PREPAREDNESS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL IN COASTAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH." 名古屋大学大学院国際開発研究科, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16046.
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Kleinwechter, Ulrich [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Grethe. "Village level impacts of trade reform in China / Ulrich Kleinwechter. Betreuer: Harald Grethe." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1027524524/34.
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Abdelgadir, Muzamil H. "Testing of a new approach to community participation at the Sudanese village level." Thesis, University of Salford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305832.
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McCubbin, Colin Neil. "Sustainability of sanitation in rural Tanzania : its measurement and determinants at village level." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682379/.
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The main aims of this study were to "develop and test a classification system for sustained village sanitation uptake" and to "identify and confirm which village-level factors influence the sustained uptake of latrines". Household survey data are generally considered to be more reliable than administrative data, and in order to monitor development and identify the needs of specific locations, there is a need to be able to obtain data at a neighbourhood level rather than district or ward level. The data collection strategy developed for Phase 1 enabled household data to be collected by each village for all households, rather than a small sample, with minimal instruction from District Government staff. These data were entered onto computer and combined to generate village sanitation profiles. Individual village sanitation profile graphs (latrine acquisition curves (Smith 1988)) were produced and adding trend lines to these demonstrated that both individual village sanitation coverage levels and the rates of change of coverage could be easily quantified and thus compared. Categories of high, medium and low coverage were established and rates of change in sanitation coverage were observed to be falling, rising or constant. Combining these village sanitation characteristics led to the proposed village classification system for sustainability. Each village was duly classified as having sustained, intermediate or unsustained sanitation. The perspective of villagers, village leaders, District Government and WaterAid staff were sought and combined to formulate a list of factors perceived to influence local sanitation uptake. The sustainability classification system enabled the subsequent testing of these factors in both sustained and unsustained sanitation villages to confirm which factors proved to be statistically significant. Both physical and social factors proved to be significant for sustainable sanitation though only the social factors were seen to have the potential for influence or change. The key findings were: » Villages were able to successfully collect their own historical household sanitation data with minimal input from District Government staff. » The greatest increase in overall District sanitation coverage would result from enabling those villages classified as having intermediate or unsustained sanitation to reach their individual village MDG targets. » Replacing full/collapsed latrines is happening across the study area but not always straight away. » Sharing of household latrines between two or more households is commonplace. » Physical determinants of sustained sanitation relate to village size/status, housing density/spread, level of infrastructure, remoteness of services, distance to an urban centre, and level of bush cover within the village. Social determinants of sustained sanitation relate to the quality of village leadership, level of activity of the Village Health Committee, openness of local people to new ideas, education level of village, exposure to more than one sanitation intervention.
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Griffith, G. "Village women cooperators : An Indian women's village producer co-operative as educator and agent of social change." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380520.
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Copp, Bryan David. "The University Village: Planning Framework and Open Space Development." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/559297.
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de, la Gorgendiere Louise. "Education and development in Ghana : an Asante village study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272481.
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Herron, Gina. "City level development new key to successful development." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002896.
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Waldorff, Pétur. "Conceptions of poverty and development in a Malawian village setting." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99612.
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This thesis is the result of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Phalombe District in Malawi, Southern Africa, where I studied agricultural development projects in the village of Kachala. The focus of this investigation is on people's perceptions and ideas of development co-operation and the meanings of development and poverty in general. Perceptions of development and poverty among villagers in Kachala are compared to those of development agents working for development organizations in the area. These perceptions are also compared to the definitions of development and poverty found throughout development literature. This research demonstrates - through examples from Phalombe District and elsewhere - how notions of development are relative, diverse and context-specific, and therefore not static and universally applicable. Finally, participatory development ideals and the structurally unequal donor-recipient relationships, at the core of the current development system, are discussed. This thesis illustrates how the common portrayal of development as an oppressive, disempowering industry, characterized by top-down interventions, does not always apply.
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Qi, Hantang. "Exploring the strategic development of Chinese township and village enterprises." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250571.
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Frece, Annabel de. "Power/knowledge and identity : development interventions in a Maya village." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428579.
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AHMADI, ÅMAN HEIDI, and EFFIE ANDERSSON. "Development of a Lightening System in the Village Lwengo Bassila." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-142607.
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Rapporten beskriver ett examensarbete utfört på Institutionen för maskinkonstruktion på Kungliga Tekniska högskolan (KTH). Projektet baserades på en fältstudie utförd i Demokratiska republiken Kongo (DR Kongo) och målet var att förse en by i Menikongo med belysning och el till att ladda mobiltelefoner. Ett viktigt syfte var att förbättra livet för invånarna i byn.Fältstudien utfördes som en Minor Field Study (MFS) under åtta veckor och finansierades av Sida och PIEp. Studien uträttades i byn Lwengo Bassila i området Menikongo, ungefär en tio timmar lång bilfärd från huvudstaden Kinshasa.DR Kongo ligger i centrala Afrika och är det näst största landet i Afrika. Det bor cirka 73,6 miljoner människor där, vilket placerar DR Kongo på plats nitton över världens högst befolkade länder. Landet blev självständigt år 1960 från belgiskt styre och de officiella språken är franska, lingala, kikwana, kikongo och tshibula. DR Kongo har en mycket låg mänsklig utveckling och landet ligger på en sista plats på skalan för Human Development Index (HDI) sammanställd av UN Development Program. Klimatet är tropiskt med två årstider, nämligen regn- och torrperiod.Fältstudien utgick från att installera ett ljussystem som så många bybor som möjligt kunde dra nytta av. Lamporna installerades i en paillote (hydda) som låg centralt på gården i byn Lwengo Bassila. Det installerades även gårdslampor utomhus och inomhusbelysning i hövdingens hus. Systemet hade en lystid på 5 timmar och kunde ladda upp till åtta telefoner på en dag.Det gjordes även observationer på det vardagliga livet i byn, vilket innefattade observationer av brödbakning, matlagning och införskaffandet av vatten. Vindstyrka mättes kontinuerligt, viktiga avstånd noterades och byarna dokumenterades. Syftet var att skapa en bred grund för och främja framtida utveckling av systemet och eventuella framtida projekt.Det upptäcktes stora behov av det mesta i byn. De flesta bodde i lerhyddor, maten lagades över öppen eld och brödbakningen skedde i en vedeldad lerugn. Vattnet hämtades från en vattenkälla belägen 50 höjdmeter ned från byn. Avståndet till den närmaste skolan var 2 km och den sträckan gick de barn som hade råd att gå i skola varje dag. Vindstyrkan bedömdes vara för låg för nyttjandet av ett vindkraftverkThis report describes a master thesis conducted at the Machine Department at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The project was based on a field study done in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) and the aim was to provide a village in Menikongo with lighting and electricity for charging mobile phones. One important purpose was to improve the quality of life for the villagers.The field study was done as a Minor Field Study (MFS) during eight weeks and was financed by Sida and PIEp. The study was conducted in the village Lwengo Bassila in the area Menikongo about a ten hour car ride away from the capital Kinshasa.DR Congo is situated in central Africa and is the second largest country in Africa. The population is about 73.6 million, which puts DR Congo on 19th place in the world of countries with the highest number of inhabitants. The country declared its independence from Belgian reign in 1960 and the official languages are French, Lingala, Kikwana, Kikongo and Tshibula. On the Human Development Index (HDI), compiled by the UN Development Program, DR Congo comes in last. The climate is tropical with two seasons; rain season and dry season.The study was based on installing lighting that as many villagers as possible could benefit from. The lamps were installed in a paillote (hut) situated in the center of the village. Outdoor yard lamps and lighting inside the chief’s house were also installed. The system could power the lamps for five hours and charge up to eight phones in a day.Observations on the everyday life in the village was made, which included the baking of bread, cooking and the obtainment of water. Wind speeds were calculated, important distances were measured, and the villages documented. The purpose was to create a broad base for and encourage future development of the system as well as possible future projects.Many necessities were lacking in the village. Most of the people lived in huts made of mud, the cooking was done over fire and the baking of bread in clay ovens. The water was fetched from a water source situated at a 50 m height difference downhill from the village. The distance to the school was 2 km to which the children, who could afford it, walked every day. The wind speeds were estimated to be too low for the use of a wind turbine.
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Vitous, Crystal Ann. "Impacts of Tourism Development on Livelihoods in Placencia Village, Belize." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6773.
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Placencia Village is one of Belize’s leading “eco-destinations,” due to its sandy-white beaches, coral reefs, and wildlife sanctuaries. While the use of “green washing,” the process of deceptively marketing products, aims or policies as being environmentally friendly, has proven to be effective in attracting consumers who are thought to be environmentally and socially conscious, the exponential growth, coupled with the absence of established policies, represents a significant threat to Belize. This thesis examines the political-ecologic dimensions of rapid tourism expansion in Southern Belize by investigating how the health of the biophysical environment is perceived, what processes are responsible for change, and how these changes are impacting the socioeconomic livelihoods of the local people.
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West, Shaun Eric. "Investigating Early Village Community Formation and Development at Kolomoki (9ER1)." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6602.
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In southeastern North America, the Woodland period (ca. 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1050) was arguably witness to the first early village societies, and Kolomoki—located in southwestern Georgia—is among the largest villages during this interval. Though archaeologists recognize these communities as seminal developments in the course of human history, little attention has been paid to how they develop and vary internally. This thesis seeks to address these issues by focusing on the development and social construction of the early village community at Kolomoki. The results of an excavation program carried out within Kolomoki’s South Village affords a clearer picture of this understudied area, and provides supplemental collections to previous work at the site. New radiocarbon dates suggest a dynamic developmental sequence of Kolomoki’s village, starting as a relatively compact village sometime around the second century A.D., and growing to a massive scale around the seventh or eighth century A.D. Comparisons of various classes of material cultural provide evidence for contrasts between occupation along Kolomoki’s northern and southern enclosures, interpreted as differing uses of space by an internally differentiated community.
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Lehlapa, Kgotsofalang. "Livelihood strategies in rural areas of Makhoaseng village." Thesis, Nelson Mandela University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18156.
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Despite the establishment of local municipalities, rural villages are still under-developed. Under-development is an economic situation in which there are persistent discriminatory customary laws, high inequality, low levels of income and employment, low consumption, high dependence, weak community structures, little or no access to resources and inadequate services. Rural communities have not reached a satisfactory stage of economic development. This is due to the fact that these communities start from a low developmental base. They require assistance from government and other development agencies, such as Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in order to achieve economic stability and a sense that they are living a meaningful life. The fundamental purpose of this study is to gain better understanding of rural livelihoods, and unpack efficiency of policy interventions that assist people in rural areas to pursue livelihood strategies that could help them to reduce poverty. The study mainly used documents from Statistics South Africa and Integrated Development Plan (IDP) documents from Elundini Local Municipality that made it possible to access socio-economic information about the village. The study found that, education levels, hawkership, welfare grants, Expanded Public Works Programme, livestock production and migration are strategies that determine livelihood in Makhoaseng village. The socio-economic conditions such as low levels of education, age, lack of access to basic infrastructure have effect on poverty and kind of livelihoods pursuit in different households. These conditions hinder people in the village to meet their basic needs. On the hand, the agricultural sector has a potential to boost Local Economic Development (LED) in the village. Lack of financial and social support from the government and private sector causes deficiencies in agricultural sector. Moreover, the village has weak structures with strong patriarchal norms. This confirms the need for holistic support from the government because few private sectors are willing to invest in such village. The implications are that, without community interest in education, attainment of better educational qualifications, skills and jobs will remain a challenge in the village. Other sectors of the population such as women will remain disadvantaged if community structures do not abandon patriarchal norms. Rural people are not waiting for government or development agencies to come up with interventions but they are engaging in some economic activities such as hawkership and wool production that enable them to go out of poverty. The government must partner with Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to support community economic initiatives. On-farm activities ought to be intensified by venturing into mutton and beef production in the village. Government and development agencies must support women hawkers by developing them as cooperatives and explore other economic opportunities such as stone brick making and thatch for roofing. Low levels of education worsen the low living standards and create high dependency in the village. These conditions force the majority of the households in the Makhoaseng village to pursue involuntary livelihood strategies, while very few pursue deliberate livelihood strategies.
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Mc, Donagh Bernard C. "Best practice an urban village /." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11242003-104743.
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Morapeli, Matšeliso. "Land management institutions at the community level : the case of village land allocation committees in Lesotho." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29998.
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Replacement of traditional land administration institutions with modern institutions has been one of the strategies used by the Lesotho Government to solve land management problems. This thesis uses a case study approach to analyze the effectiveness of one modern institution, the Village Land Allocation Committees (VLAC), at the community level in Lesotho.
Customarily, land in Lesotho was allocated by traditional chiefs who could for various purposes revoke it. The system was allegedly open to abuse and under the Land Act 1979, the authority to allocate land was shifted from traditional chiefs to the VLAC, which is partly elected and partly nominated by the government. The thinking behind this change was that VLAC would be more democratic and efficient, representing local as well as national interests.
The study consists of three stages: a) review of background literature on Lesotho; b) a comparison of land tenure reforms in Tanzania, Kenya and Botswana; and c) field research carried out through questionnaires administered to VLAC members, community members and government officials responsible for land administration at the community level in Lesotho.
Conclusions drawn from this study are that lack of clear policy guidelines, lack of connection between land allocation and the overall planning and lack of meaningful community participation in the land allocation process, are among the major problems in the operation of VLAC.
The study's major recommendations are: a) integrating land allocation with the overall land use planning; b) recognizing the continuing influence of traditional institutions and incorporating them into VLAC activities; c) providing VLAC with clearer goals and necessary resources; and d) building a planning and evaluation component into VLAC procedures. The need for further research on the composition and election process of VLAC is identified.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Zhao, Nan, and 趙楠. "Village doctor as street-level bureaucrat and the impact on health care services in rural China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196453.
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The changes in the health care system have been remarkable over the past decades, along with the rapid economic development of China. The overall living standard of rural residents has generally improved; however, health expenses still make up a large part of their annual expenditure. During the new reform period, the importance of the village doctor has been emphasized by many scholars, and yet there are few studies conducted from the perspective of interactions between health administration, village doctor and rural resident to discover the invisible factors that influence the delivery of the health care service. Thus, this study aims to explore the street-level bureaucracy within the rural health care sector and its impact on rural residents.
Guided by the Street-level Bureaucracy Theory and its application in public agency research, this study explores street-level bureaucracy in the grassroots health care sector in terms of health care regulation and provision before and after the recent series of health care reforms, and evaluates its impact on rural residents by analyzing health equity in terms of health care access, and the actual working and living conditions of the village doctor were identified. Apart from the official statistical data from document analysis and internet resources, the voices and advice of village doctors and rural residents in Jiangsu Province were also obtained from in-depth interviews, which provided the qualitative information for this study.
There are four findings. First, as a typical street-level bureaucrat in the grassroots sector, the working condition of the village doctor has become more stable and their discretionary control has been enhanced greatly after the reforms, due to the implementation of specific rules and regulations and the changes in payment methods; Second, despite the fact that many regulations have been put into effect, compared to the supervision of the health administration, the payment method plays a significant role in the promotion of service equity; Third, village doctors regard their social reputation as important as their income, for they live in a small community network. Although the role of village doctor has been emphasized in the new reform, improvements in health equity are still not obvious and have had limited effect; Fourth, the function of the village doctor is not fully utilized, even though the coverage of current health insurance in rural areas has been tremendously expanded in the past decade.
Accordingly, policy implications regarding the understanding of the work and social environment of village doctors in rural areas, especially on the future exploration of their function related to further reforms, are identified in the final chapter. Additionally, the theoretical and practical significances of this study have also been presented.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Teo, Yee-shun Jason. "Sunny Bay coastal experience : promoting youth development by outdoor recreational village /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32020673.
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Grasic, Samo. "Development and Deployment of Delay Tolerant Networks: An Arctic Village Case." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arbetsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16919.
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In the late 1990s, NASA conducted a study of the Interplanetary Internet (IPN) architecture. In order to build and deploy IPN infrastructure, the network technology had to be able to cope with long radio signal propagation delays and frequent radio link disruptions. The concept of a Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) emerged after recognizing that such a networking paradigm can also be applicable for terrestrial use. DTN technology can be applied, for instance, in disaster situations, military battlefields, economically developing areas, and remote regions.This thesis follows the process of applying DTN technology to a remote, communication-challenged area in the Arctic part of Sweden. The aim of the DTN deployments in the remote villages of Sarek and Padjelanta National Parks, between 2008 and 2011, was to provide a basic set of ICT services to the nomadic Sami population. Therefore, the research presented here acknowledges and considers the specific geographical, technical, and cultural conditions of these areas, and how these conditions profoundly shaped the development of the deployed technology as well as the research methodology. As a result, this thesis makes scientific contributions to several research topics, spanning the fields of DTN routing, DTN service development, DTN evaluation methodologies, and ICT deployments.The first contribution in this thesis is the proposal of a new and improved version of the PRoPHETv2 routing protocol. The development of this routing protocol was driven by actual protocol use and the results of experiments conducted during the course of the DTN deployments.Secondly, this thesis proposes an alternative DTN routing objective for a typical remote village DTN scenario. Weaknesses of a conventional DTN routing research objective are exposed by outlining concrete geographical, social, and technical conditions discovered in DTN deployments on the field. When these conditions are overlooked, they can profoundly affect DTN deployments.Thirdly, this thesis discusses the development and deployment of the Not-So-Instant-Messaging (NSIM) DTN service. The NSIM service was designed to leverage from the decentralized DTN infrastructure. Its success in the field demonstrates the importance of localized DTN services. Fourthly, using qualitative reading of DTN routing related papers, this thesis describes shortcomings of established DTN routing evaluation methodologies. Extensive use of simulated environments and scarce real-world experiments in the DTN research field often leads to usage of specific hypothetical scenarios. These scenarios are difficult to compare or relate to each other. Additionally, DTN research that does contextualize itself in remote, extreme, and challenging scenarios performs evaluations of proposed routing schemes in urban or academic environments. The DTN evaluation model that is proposed here tries to improve the readability, comparability, and validity of DTN routing evaluations. This thesis also pays attention to the issue of how to evaluate the complex interplay that occurs between researchers, users, technology and environment throughout the deployment process. The suggested method highlights the dynamics of resistance, as conceptualized within Actor Network Theory (ANT). It illustrates how employment of the concept of resistance facilitates the recognition of different driving forces in the design process that emerge from the events in the deployment.Ultimately, the thesis contributes with the PRoPHET routing protocol specification in the "Request for Comments" (RFC) document series that is the official publication channel for the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) and other Internet communities. The protocol specification published as the RFC6693 document allows for actual protocol implementation and assures interoperability. The discussion that follows the RFC document in this thesis focuses on the process of transferring scientific findings gained from the experiments on the deployment field into the Internet draft document that was finally recognized as an experimental RFC within the IRTF.Godkänd; 2014; 20140407 (samo); Nedanstående person kommer att disputera för avläggande av teknologie doktorsexamen. Namn: Samo Grasic Ämne: Arbetsvetenskap/Human Work Science Avhandling: Development and Deployment of Delay Tolerant Networks: An Arctic Village Case Opponent: Professor Lars Wolf, Institut für Betriebssysteme und Rechneverbund, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Tyskland Ordförande: Docent Maria Udén, Avd för arbetsvetenskap, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, Luleå tekniska universitet Tid: Måndag den 12 maj 2014, kl 10.00 Plats: A109, Luleå tekniska universitet För Tekniska fakultetsnämnden
Networking for Communications Challenged Communities: Architecture, Test Beds and Innovative Alliances
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Humble, Edith. "Nayapalli Pallavi : An Urban Village Development Project in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146837.
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With a grant from Sida I went to Odisha, to learn about women’s local conditions and try to find out how a building could somehow ameliorate it. Through Architects Sans Frontières I got in touch with Urban and Development Resource Centre, working with upgrading slum areas. They had a budget for a new Community Centre in Nayapalli in Bhubaneswar, but no architect. The Community Centre includes a playschool, a medical centre and community meeting spaces. The building permit for this is currently with the municipality of Bhubaneswar. Today alcoholism is a major problem among the Nayapalli men. Most of them are unemployed and the young men lack alternatives. The women are the main providers for their families, working as house maids. My second proposal is a merely theoretical addition – a Launderette. It will not cure alcoholism, but it will employ a few people and give them possibility to support their families. It will relief some women from time-consuming hand wash and give them time to do something they find more interesting. And maybe it can give some repute to the area, and make its community proud of it.Med ett stipendium från Sida åkte jag till Odisha för att studera kvinnors situation och försöka komma på hur den kunde förbättras genom en byggnad. Genom Arkitekter utan gränser kom jag i kontakt med Urban and Development Resource Centre som arbetar med uppgradering av slumområden. De hade en budget för ett nytt Community center i Nayapalli i Bhubaneswar, men ingen arkitekt. Community centret innehåller förskola, medicinsk mottagning och möteslokaler, och bygglovet behandlas nu av kommunen. Idag är alkoholism utbrett bland männen i Nayapalli. De flesta är dessutom arbetslösa och de unga saknar alternativ. Kvinnorna försörjer familjerna. Mitt andra förslag är ett rent teoretiskt tillägg – ett tvätteri. Det kommer inte att bota alkoholism, men det kommer att kunna anställa några personer och ge dem möjlighet att försörja sina familjer. Det kommer att befria åtminstone några kvinnor från mödosam och tidskrävande handtvätt och ge dem tid att göra något de hellre vill. Och kanske kan det göra området mer känt och dess invånare stolta över det.
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Chanchani, Devanshi. "Social inequality, reproductive health and child development : a Chhattisgarh village study." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/53407/.
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India’s gains in reproductive health and child development have been slower than anticipated, and significantly the country continues to bear a disproportionate share of the global undernutrition burden. Indian children do particularly poorly in the foundational foetal stage and in the first three years, and public programmes are especially ineffective in reaching this group. While it is recognised that reproductive health and child nutrition is determined complexly, having biomedical and social roots, positions from a policy perspective are oftentimes competing – on whether key barriers are primarily economic or essentially cultural. Additionally, an argument explaining the South Asian nutrition ‘enigma’ emphasises the mediating role of female power, often measured as female decision-making autonomy. I discuss based on research in a village in the rice-growing plains of Chhattisgarh the complex and interrelated cultural, economic and gender-based variables as they bear on reproductive health and nutrition for the different social groups in the village. I argue that this under-researched geography at the confluence of Indo-Aryan and Dravidian cultural streams has interesting insights to offer for social theory into the determinants of female power. Important elements of northern kinship based on exogamous principles, theoretically less favourable for female autonomy than ‘southern’ kinship systems, counter-intuitively go alongside relatively egalitarian gender relations, also evidenced by sex-ratios, and other telling indicators. Furthermore, not fitting with mainstream discourse on female autonomy’s positive demographic and health implications, relatively egalitarian gender relations and sex-ratios go alongside poor performance on other demographic, health and nutrition outcomes. For caste groups in the village, elements of northern kinship appear to bear on son-preference, and undermine a woman’s independence in fertility related decision-making. However, beyond an influence on fertility the influence of gender-inequality on reproductive and child development outcomes could not be read off from observations or expressions of decision making power. I argue that it may be useful to broaden the gender-lens beyond a narrow conceptual focus on decision-making autonomy to include structural dimensions such as rigidities in gender division of labour. Behaviours and practices relevant to reproduction and childrearing vary significantly from biomedical recommendations. These reveal both economic and cultural roots. Judged against biomedical norms, health and childcare behaviours shaped by ideational beliefs are at greater variance for the post-partum stage than during pregnancy. Cultural food proscriptions have little relevance during pregnancy, implying that concerns of ‘eating down’ in pregnancy for its influence on foetal growth are of little consequence for this geography. I argue that there are important economic barriers that place limits on diet quality in pregnancy, yet there is some scope for health-facilitating resource reprioritisation. Health and childcare behaviours in the post-partum stage diverge to a greater extent from recommended biomedical practice, and could be damaging to nutritional status of the mother and child. While these practices have a clear ‘ideational’ element, they are also rooted in fear of both ill health and economic distress, deriving perhaps from the historical experience of communities in a poor health environment. I discuss from the curious case of the nutritionally vulnerable Pardhi tribe, and their rejection of the public works NREGA programme that there are iterative cultural and nutritional factors that influence poverty for this community, notwithstanding oppressive social and political relations. Productive activity perceived to involve high energy expenditure, while seemingly economically attractive can be rejected in contexts where communities aim to preserve ‘body-capital’. Further conventional classifications of what is considered routine unskilled work under NREGA may be rejected because of cultural unfamiliarity and unfamiliar body techniques. The wider marginalisation of the community and oppressive social relations may further contribute to Pardhi rejection of public programmes. In addition, entrenched local political rivalries work against public interest to mediate the everyday welfare state and implementation of reproductive health and nutrition programmes such as the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS).
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He, Yuan. "Food and shelter : village lives in India and China compared." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278016.
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This thesis examines the wellbeing of India and China’s rural-dwellers in Bihar and Gansu administrative units. It focuses on the food and shelter situation within these regions, from the standpoint of the existing status quo and ongoing trends. Moreover, it gives particular consideration to India and China’s governments’ role in the relevant wellbeing outcomes. Accordingly, this thesis argues for the importance of state capacity, and interest alignment, in driving forward development and preventing avoidable death or suffering. This provides a new angle on the dominant, Amartya Sen-inspired development models that emphasize free choice and democracy as the most immediate and preeminent development concerns. Thus, as this thesis proceeds to show, such Senian priorities increasingly lose value in contexts where weak state capacity or non-interest cannot deliver core well-being essentials. For example, populations that continue to either perish or persist with severe impairments from starvation, malnutrition and occupancy of uninhabitable dwellings are unable to exercise substantive freedoms in a manner envisioned by Sen. However, this does not mean this thesis undervalues democracy and freedom, but rather contends, alongside the most recent development sequencing literature, that strong state capacity is a prerequisite for the implementation of stable, lasting and functional democracy. Indeed, state capacity can give people the essential well-being basics to value, comprehend and utilize their freedoms in a full and non-exploited manner. Consequently, this thesis draws on a two-year fieldwork study in Bihar and Gansu’s villages and relies on 230 (215 valid) semi open-ended questionnaires, 29 stakeholder interviews, three focus group discussions and other relevant sources to bolster its argument and analysis.
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Rahman, T. "Social and political implications of changing land and labour relations in rural Bangladesh : a village level study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273090.
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Lam, Wai-ching, and 林惠展. "The level of economic development in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195358X.
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Patterson, Isaac. "Trustworthy system development through high-level synthesis." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43974.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedMajor processor manufacturers have embraced the high-level synthesis (HLS) design philosophy. HLS offers the potential to explore the design space of electronic circuits and systems more efficiently than traditional methods. In this thesis, we investigate the ap-plication of HLS to hardware-oriented security and trust by developing a model of a simple 16-bit Central Processing Unit in the SystemC modeling language. We enhanced our processor with a simple security mechanism that enforces a memory integrity policy. The integrity policy allows a region of the program labeled as trustworthy to modify any address in data memory, but another region of the program labeled as untrustworthy is restricted to only being able to modify a specific region of data memory. Our timing results show that adding the integrity policy enforcement mechanism has a negligible effect on overall system performance.
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Hura, Charles M. (Charles Michael) 1961. "System level variation analysis of product development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91737.
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Lam, Wai-ching. "The level of economic development in China." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25017949.
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Stuart, Alexander Grey. "Regulatory reform and eco-development in Winnipeg, the Westminster Square eco-village." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/2303.
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As urban centres continue to expand in population and in area, their impact on the environment increases. One method of reducing the ecological impact of urban centres is the eco-village, an approach to community built to specifications which lessen the impact on the environment. However, in many cases, regulatory and other barriers make the construction of eco-villages and other forms of environmentally benign development difficult, if not impossible. The research examines the regulatory barriers facing a proposed eco-village development in central Winnipeg's Wolseley neighbourhood; the Westminster Square Eco-Village Project. Following an initial literature review and a consultation process with key stakeholders, a list of proposed eco-village elements was identified for examination. Key regulatory officials were then interviewed to determine the barriers to these elements, and how to overcome them. Surprisingly, regulatory barriers were found to have less of an impact on this project proposal than was anticipated. Rather, other barriers not covered by this thesis, such as social and financial barriers, were found to have a similar impact to the regulatory barriers. Despite these findings, some regulatory barriers to eco-village development do exist in Winnipeg. This research project concludes with a set of regulatory and procedural recommendations for the City of Winnipeg, which are intended to create a more favourable regulatory environment to support innovate forms of development.
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Huang, He. "Winners and losers in urban village development : a study of Wuhan, China." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589954.
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This research analyses urban village redevelopment based on two cases in Wuhan. Urban villages are areas in which land which was once in agricultural use is swallowed up as the city grows, but where the villagers remain part of a different system of land rights which allow them to informally convert agricultural land for industry, commerce and house-building. Whereas previous studies of urban villages have mainly focused on the unplanned nature of this redevelopment and on the housing which is occupied by migrant workers, the present study concerns the redevelopment process itself. It examines how the assets of the urban village are expanded, who instigates the redevelopment process, and with what distributional effects. The process is examined from three perspectives: the privatization of village collective assets, the Chinese urban growth machine, and social movements made up of groups who lose out. The thesis argues that urban village redevelopment involves a process of privatization of collective assets and that, although the village elite leads this process, it is the local state which approves what form it should take. The two cases chosen show contrasting levels of privatization, full and partial. It is argued that full privatization opens up the political opportunity structure, unlike partial privatization, because it encourages divisions among village elites. It is shown that it is the local state, rather than businessmen, who assembles the urban growth machine in China and shapes the distributional outcomes of urban village redevelopment. It is concluded that local officials and real estate developers are outright winners, urban villagers are temporary winners, and Nongzhuanfei people (former villagers who gave up their rights as villagers and now regret it) and migrants are losers in the redevelopment. The vulnerability of this distributional pattern to changes in city policy is pointed out.
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Wong, Yiu-man Joseph, and 黃耀文. "Re-development of resort in Lei Yue Mun Park and holiday village." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984927.
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Wong, Yiu-man Joseph. "Re-development of resort in Lei Yue Mun Park and holiday village." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25948660.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999.Includes special report study entitled: Group form : study on the inter-relationship between the built form open space. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cox, Taylor A. "Main street revitalization effort for the village of Union, Nebraska." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15666.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Huston Gibson
Rural communities across America are working to strengthen their economies, provide better quality of life to residents, and build on assets such as traditional main streets, transportation initiatives, and natural amenities and resources. Today, rural communities face an array of challenges. Small communities are vulnerable to the impacts of expensive commutes, lack of mobility, financial resources, and other services. According to the USDA, “Some small communities, have limited local government staff, experience, or funding, which can mean few resources dedicated to providing sustainable amenities, regional collaboration, and other efforts to identify shared community goals and visions that can help shape growth and development” (USDA, 2011). Small communities must work hard to compete with larger cities and other communities to sustain economically and become prominent. This is often noticeable when there is a lack of investment and economic prosperity. Many rural communities have limited transportation options. Most small communities are not fit to support multiple modes of transportation, which limits access to jobs, medical care, and educational opportunities. For those who do drive, commutes to distant employment centers can be time consuming and require a large percentage of the family budget to be spent on transportation (USDA, 2011). In addition, intercity and regional mobility are drivers of economic growth in rural communities and bring tourists and other consumers to community businesses. Rural communities and small towns should be valued for their distinctive and historic features. Communities that conserve and build upon these resources, such as historic downtowns and main streets, will be better positioned to enhance quality of life for their residents. Without revitalizing main streets we would not see the places of shared memory where people are suppose to come together to live, work, and play.
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Au, Yu-lun Allen, and 區裕倫. "Clearance and development of urban squatter areas: a case study of development of Ma Hang Village,Stanley." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257616.
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Patai, Mohamad G. H. "Development of an automatic low level gas blender." Thesis, Swansea University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638422.
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The design and construction of a prototype automated low level gas mixing system is described. The basic design of the instrument is based on a commercial, manually operated gas blender which was produced by CR labs. The apparatus uses a simple principle based on volume proportioning, where a certain volume of pure gas is mixed with a known volume of air. This instrument is used for mixing a specific gas such as carbon monoxide with clean air to produce an accurate mixture in the parts per million range. A gas simple of selected concentration between 1 to 1000 ppm can be automatically prepared and subsequently used for gas sensor characterisation. Development of the instrument can be divided into four main areas. Firstly, the design of a suitable mechanical system. The mechanical system itself comprises three main parts, namely a motor driven mixing cylinder, a motor driven syringe as a gas injector unit and a stainless tube network. All these components are then assembled to form a complete mechanical system. Secondly, the design and development of an automatic controller based on a Z-80 microprocessor is undertaken and then interfaced with the mechanical system. Thirdly, experiments are carried out to determine the optimum steps of the process for preparing the gas mixture accurately within an acceptable processing time. Finally, control software in Z-80 assembly language is developed in order to dictate the instruments operation through the predetermined steps of the blending process. The instrument is then calibrated for both low and high concentration ranges to ensure that highly accurate output gas mixtures can be produced over a wide concentration range. The calibration process involves several experiments in order to determine the 'calibration parameter'. Data obtained from these experiments were plotted to show the relationship between the number of motor steps and the concentration of the output gas mixture produced. The gradient of the graph (in motor steps/ppm) and an offset at the y axis (in number of motor steps) are considered as instrument calibration parameters. Both parameters are entered into the respective input of the control software, so that the instrument is ready to be used for actual operation.
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Vaidyanathan, Geeta. "Energizing Sustainable Livelihoods. A Study of Village Level Biodiesel Development in Orissa, India." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4857.
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The present worldwide scenario is one of land-based livelihoods that are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. While being committed to environmental goals, India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change released in 2008, reaffirms that maintaining a high growth rate is essential to raising the standard of living of the people. Curbing emissions while maintaining high growth rates and achieving the Millennium Development Goals without increase in fossil fuel consumption, both appear to be paradoxes.
Community-based micro energy initiatives have the potential to support productive development without fossil fuel consumption. This study examines small scale, village level biodiesel production for local use, based on unutilized and under-utilized, existing oil seeds in remote rural locations in Orissa, India. The village level biodiesel model is a response to large agro-industrial models that promote plantation of energy crops like jatropha, and to centralized production of biofuels as an alternative to petrodiesel. Village level biodiesel adds value to the large quantity of locally unutilized forest seeds and underutilized short duration oilseed crops like niger that are exported as birdfeed, to fuel livelihoods and boost the local economy. The development of a village level biodiesel model in a participatory manner within an agroecosystem boundary, and its ability to catalyze livelihoods that are sustainable, have been analyzed. Participant observation techniques have been used to develop narrative case studies for three village communities. Methodology for the study is based on Participatory Action Research approaches (Kemmis et al., 2000), where the research process has contributed to community action. The Sustainable Livelihood approach forms an important foundation of this research. A conceptual framework adapted from the original Sustainable Livelihood Framework (Scoones, 1998), to include Complex Systems Thinking (Holling, et al., 1995, Kay, et al., 1999) was used to analyze case studies in two communities of Orissa, India. Informed by results in the first two case communities, the same framework was used to develop a livelihood strategy based on Village Level Biodiesel (VLB), in a third cluster of villages also in Orissa. Three additional inclusions are proposed as a result of the research, to address some gaps in the original framework. These are the concepts of (1) Entitlements (Leach, et al., 1997) to understand power structures, (2) Adaptation Continuum (McGray 2007) to include issues of climate impacts and (3) Rural Livelihood System (Hogger, 2004) as a complex whole relating the inner reality of the farmer to the outer reality of a swiftly globalizing world. Resilience of livelihoods was identified as a key outcome parameter. Three main considerations for assessing sustainability and resilience of livelihoods, as defined by this research are (1) potential for livelihood diversity and intensity, (2) connectedness of the institutions involved in the decision making process, and (3) adaptation – that is resilience of livelihoods in terms of their capacity to resist drivers of vulnerability and confront impacts of climate change.
The VLB in Orissa approaches livelihood diversity and intensity through a three-pronged approach consisting of biodiesel fuelled livelihoods, sustainable agriculture and local value addition. Careful attention is given to the specifics of the context in designing the VLB, thus enhancing the adaptive capacity of the technology. In the context of India, with the devolution of power to the local level, the Gram Sabha, or the village governing council, has political powers and the ability to negotiate with the State because of the authority vested in it by the 73rd amendment to the Constitution of India, and can additionally regulate the market at the local level. Leveraging the powers of this entity may provide the VLB with the needed impetus to replicate and move beyond pilot implementations. Obstacles in the implementation and strategies to overcome these have been identified. The challenge to future research and action is to span regional, national and global levels to influence policy makers to take cognizance of and promote the VLB as a viable development alternative to agro-industrial models designed to generate transport fuel.
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Chen, Kuan-Ying, and 陳冠穎. "The Development of the Advanced Level Pakalongay Interpreters Training Courses in Fon-nan Village, Hualien." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49203717208563109716.
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碩士國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
103
The study aims to analyze the development processes and outcomes of the Advanced Level Pakalongay Interpreters Training Courses in Fon-nan Village, Hualien in 2014. "Pakalongay Interpreters Training Courses" are a series of community-based environmental education courses developed collaboratively by the local people in Fon-nan Village of Hualien and the National Dong-Hwa University. The courses are characterized in a way that local elders developed the courses mainly by themselves and acted as supervisors to teach local young people. The students are all local Amis indigenous youths and the aim of the courses is to help them to understand their cultural and natural environment, to know the traditional knowledge worth to be inherited, and some interpretation skills to introduce what they have learned to tourists. In order to understand the related stakeholders, course development strategies and ways of implementation, issues and difficulties, this study employed the qualitative research methods of date collection including, participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The research findings show that the Advanced Level Pakalongay Interpreters Training Courses in 2014 were mainly developed through local public forums in which local supervisors, parents of students, local leaders, the research team as well as some governmental officers were involved. The Courses can be classified into five groups concerning issues of local livelihoods and the environment. Local young people were invited to participate in the management of Ciharaay Cultural Landscape of the local area. Through a series of practical courses, local young people learned to know the importance as well as the management practices of the irrigation canals and rice terraces which had been built and maintained for about one hundred year. Based on the framework of Hierarchy of School Needs Curriculum Model, the analysis revealed that the Courses has achieved Documentation stage and moved forward to Sense of Place stage. The Pakalongay Interpreters Training Courses is still developing and it is suggested that the Courses need continuing participation and supports to achieve higher level of Individualization stage.
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Payne, Loretta M. "Case study evaluation of the Poultry Extension and Training Subproject (PETS) based on impact at village household level." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/26870.
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This study analyzes the impact of the Poultry Extension and
Training Subproject (PETS) on the village household in North Yemen.
The subproject was funded by the U.S. Agency for International
Development and implemented by Oregon State University
The primary goal of this study was to determine the impact of
the subproject by using a survey conducted among 130 village women.
The questionnaire used in the survey was designed to determine
changes in consumption and production, management practices and the
effect of extension information. There were three major discoveries
uncovered in the survey: (1) management practices were not
significantly influenced by PETS personnel; (2) the project was not
the only source of Golden Comet pullets; and (3) the use of egg-laying
pullets did help increase egg production and consumption.
A secondary goal of this study was to analyze the project
design and a 1984 evaluation in order to understand how the project
could have been more effective in its purpose. It was found that
although the project designers used the USAID "logframe" and
conducted a social soundness analysis prior to project
implementation, too little research was conducted about subsistence
poultry care and the role of rural women in agriculture. Success of
the project was based on several unfounded assumptions which
prevented the subproject from having a more positive impact on
traditional poultry farmers.Graduation date: 1989
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Zwier, Joel. "A case study of village level, intermediate, and residential training strategies for agricultural development in the Dominican Republic." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32491530.html.
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Huang, Chien-chun, and 黃健君. "Problems Related with Farming and Fishing Village Development in Taiwan and the Critical Analysis ofRenewal Programs-from the Viewpoint ofLow-level Government Employees." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22039135122679311464.
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碩士國立中山大學
公共事務管理研究所
89
ABSTRACT Village renewal refers to the process in which the existing living space and environmental conditions that have traditional value and characteristics, under the consideration of natural and humanistic resources, are bonded with social changes. It is a comprehensive, local, and perennial mission that involves both the public and the private sectors. For a long time Taiwan has witnessed an imbalance between cities and rural areas: the development of cities at the cost of villages, from which serious problems have sprouted. It is not justifiable to let cities grow to be more crowded and noisy and, at the same time, let villages become desolate and deserted. For this reason, in 1987 on behalf of the government, the Executive Yuan Council of Agriculture commissioned the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government to implement renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. Some remote, out-of-shape communities were selected as the sites to undergo village renewal programs for almost ten years. This study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of this overall project exemplary plan, what difficulties were encountered in the implementation. The scope of the study included the 19 areas where the Bureau of Land Administration of the Taiwan Provincial Government completed the implementation of the renewal plan for farming and fishing villages. The subjects of this study primarily consisted of local government officials and village chiefs. The research methods included theoretical investigation, construction of problems, pragmatic research and or ganization and analysis of secondary data. With respect to effectiveness, three aspects regarding farming and fishing communities were studied, namely economic aspect, social aspect and environmental aspect each of which consists of 10 sub-items. The questionnaire survey method was adopted, and the Likert-Type Five-Point scale designed by American scholar Likert was used to enquire the degree of identity for each question, and then discussion was conducted and suggestions were proposed, after considering the execution aspect. The study has resulted in the findings: with respect to the effectiveness of farming and fishing village renewal plan implemented by the Taiwan province, the social aspect has achieved the highest effectiveness, followed by the environmental aspect, with the economic aspect achieving the lowest effectiveness. Furthermore, in the economic aspect, “increasing community employment” and “increasing the income for villagers” achieved the lowest effectiveness.
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(13980581), Abul Hossain Ahmed Bhuiyan. "Developmentalism and disciplinary power: The case of Bangladesh." Thesis, 2022. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Developmentalism_and_disciplinary_power_The_case_of_Bangladesh/21359379.
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Over the last fifty years or so, a myriad of strategies and techniques were deployed with a hope of bringing the people of post -colonial and underdeveloped societies under the process of 'normalization', i.e. development, such as was already experienced by the Western industrial societies. In the process of their deployment, three actors - European rational science, local trustees and the masses - emerged within an ideal construct, developmentalism. This thesis, using discourse insight, examines the process of normalization that operated through the execution of developmentalism in a particular country - Bangladesh.
The thesis shows that, despite achieving the status of political independence as a nation state, Bangladesh not only remained dependent but also entered into a decisive condition of management and control by this disciplinary power of normalization. This occurred through an acceptance of Western modernity as a truth applicable to all humanity. In concrete terms, the Bangladeshi state actively participated in this project by forming (1) a 'think tank' comprising the planning commission and various research institutions; (2) a huge bureaucracy, both public and private; and (3) a mobilisation of the masses into various cooperatives/collectives. The think tank produced development knowledge by directly appropriating the rationality of Western science and technology. Various development projects produced by the application of this knowledge were then implemented by the bureaucracy at the local level. Unlike under colonial subjugation, the masses were not forced to accept the project, but they were made to conform 'of their own free will'. Regardless of its level of achievement in transforming the lives of poor Bangladeshis in material terms, the project achieved their consent to being ruled by the development elite.
Although numerous studies have concluded that most Bangladeshis remained poor (if not worse-off), the trustees or elite of development in Bangladesh managed to change their own fortunes. They gained recognition by intellectually promoting Bangladeshi underdevelopment to the West, keeping themselves personally afloat on Western aid, in luxury. In the end, Western science and rationality are enabling them to remain in power until an alternative--a resistance to this hegemony--can be established.
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Huang, Wei-Ta, and 黃維達. "The development of CPC`s village democracy in village committee." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84613722154738709828.
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碩士淡江大學
中國大陸研究所碩士班
100
Since China adopted the policy of reform and opening up in1978, with the purposes of the household contract responsibility system, the people''s communes unity as a political community, rural collective economic organization of the management system becomes less politics and community united can not adapt to its originalpurchase and sale, distribution, daily necessities and other economic and food distribution loss of power causes people''s communes gradually lost its management authority and functions of governance in rural areas, the birth of a villagers ''committee since 1980, villagers'' democracy to replace the people''s communes to become a grass-roots management system, and development thirty years in China. The villagers'' democracy is a management system with a democratic value. So how to operation and development of the traditional values of the Communist Party to parties running the legislature? It is this article want to know. This research has four research purposes: (1) Analysis of China to promote the background and motivation of the villagers'' democracy system, and its course of development. (2) To understand the mode of election of villagers'' committees of their development process. (3) To compare the similarities and differences of the primary election system and the West. (4) To analysis of the interaction between the communist leadership and democracy. In the chapter 2 we discusse the background and process of the villagers'' democracy in the China, and from a legal aspect to interpret specific provisions of the Chinese officials made for the villagers'' democracy. Chapter 3, in accordance with the electoral system and the evolution of time-series study in China village. And reference from Professor Wang Yeh-Li(Taiwan University)the electoral system of classification criteria from the theoretical point of view of the electoral system of the West to explained Free-nomination model(Hai Xuan) among the "one-step "and" three-step model. Chapter 4 analyzes to explore the Chinese Communist official in 2002 and dramatically changed the ecology of villagers` democracy "two committees in one group” this policy. And from the views of the two sides of the matching policy and logical to made some different research.
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Siripanan, Atthaset, and 吳泰霖. "The Participation Development Of Dingliao Village." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03648943795712448101.
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碩士東海大學
建築學系
101
I have found this site while I tried to find my 5 elements in Taichung city, what I discovered is at Wuqi district, Dingliao village, Taichung government going to turn this area into a commercial area according to the future plan, free economic zone along Taichung port. However, most of local people or villagers don’t even know about this plan. Therefore, I try to propose a new way of development where villagers can involve in the development process of Dingliao village. Which could be different from the government’s plan according to what do people need in sustainable way. This participation of different group in development throughout the process could make this area become a model for other rural area where this area could turn into an agriculture tourist spot in the future according to the agriculture space provided and created new job opportunity for the villagers, yet, also strengthen farmer’s power and become an area for agriculture industrial base and promote Taiwan’s agriculture product to international.
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Hsieh, Kai, and 謝開. "Ｔhe influence over the autonomy in the Town/Village administrative level." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83770878381290055908.
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劉嘉雲. "Village Development and Lifestyle in Chiayi Mountainside." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02702274301020131052.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄師範大學
地理學系
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This thesis focuses on mountainside Jhuci district of Chiayi. Due to its special natural environment and historical development, the mountainside shows more regional character than other districts. Therefore, this article investigates not only its village development in the Chin dynasty, the Japanese Colonial Period and after World War II years through historical viewpoint, but also analyzes the local lifestyle and landscape by space variations. In the aspect of village development, Jhuci district was inhabited by Tsou people before Hans’ immigration. Afterward, as Hans gradually migrated into the area, demarcation was set up but did not effectively stop the migration. Therefore, the major population in Jhuci district finally transformed into Han people, some of whom were the agriculture experts: Hakka. During the Japanese Colonial Period, the village developed gradually, especially in eastern area, because the increase of working opportunities due to railway construction and material exploitation. Also, Hakka in Hsinchu moved here to join the exploitation. after World War II, the rise of an industrial and commercial society coupled with the development of transportation led to industrialization and urbanization and further resulted in a massive population outflow. During this period, only some area nearby Chiayi city exhibited small growth in population. Living style is discussed in two major parts: economics and religion. Economically, agriculture was a main method to sustain the life. As economics developed and human conditions changed, the self-sufficient life in early days transformed into business production. The main crop emerged in each place. In addition, the character differences among farmers and transformation of manpower constituent caused the variation in main crops in different places. The crop type in Jhuci was getting complex. In consumption life, due to the effect of terrain, traffic, and distance, Jhuci was separated into four economic living circles. In terms of religion, there are three spheres in Jhuci. Different religious sphere has different activities and scale. Common faith pulls communities together and religious activities connect residents, fulfilling spirit and living contents. However, as time goes by, emigration leads to the cancellations or combinations of some activities. Due to the influence of terrain, three main limitations in Jhuci are water resources, plain size and traffic. Residents here must develop a unique living style to adapt to mountain life. They pave water pipes and set up water tower and reservoirs to solve water problems, and even build to share water resources. They cultivate slopes and build stone structures to increase plain area. They rear stocks to maintain self-sufficiency life. They also develop a special postal system to accommodate to the local topography. Mountainside position plays an important role in village development. During Japanese Colonial Period, traffic construction made massive immigration. But large emigration occurs in postwar industrialization. Mountainside living characters are reflected in economics, religions and human landscapes. It also changes with time, leading to various regional features under different backgrounds.
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Maziya, Nozipho. "Adolescent Nutritional Status and its Association with Village-level Factors in Tanzania." 2014. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1191.
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Adolescent Nutritional Status and its Association with Village-level Factors in Tanzania
Undernutrition is associated with multiple risk factors operating at different levels, from the individual level to household and community levels. Empirical research has shown that contextual or environmental factors influence nutritional status, but very few studies have examined association between these factors and undernutrition among adolescents. This cross-sectional study used a two-level hierarchical nonlinear model to investigate the association between village-level factors and undernutrition (BMI for Age < 5th percentile of the WHO reference) among a sample of adolescents, (n=670) from 28 villages in Kilosa District, Tanzania. Our hypothesis that contextual factors are associated with undernutrition was supported. The odds of undernutrition were more than twice as high among adolescents from villages with low income expenditure values compared to villages with middle or high income expenditure values (OR: 2.28; CI: 1.429,3.645). Similarly, community food insecurity was a significant predictor of undernutrition (OR: 0.63; CI: 0.467, 0.847; p < 0.05). We also observed a positive association between improved nutritional status and dietary diversity. The multilevel analytic framework employed in this study has demonstrated that both individual-level and community-level characteristics are important predictors of undernutrition in adolescents. Our findings have important policy implications in relation to developing targeted intervention strategies that improve village SES and diversified diets, which in turn may contribute to improved nutritional health for adolescents and their household members.
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"Village-level distribution of mastomys natalensis and arenavirus in eastern sierra leone." Tulane University, 2011.
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