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1
Tagert, Adam C. "Cybersecurity Challenges in Developing Nations." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2010. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/22.
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This thesis examines the guidance that is being given to developing nations that are rapidly deploying information and communication technologies. It studied the African countries of Rwanda and Tunisia to draw lessons of the situation and potential methods of improving the situation. The thesis found that developing nations are often recommended to implement a conglomeration of existing rules and regulations found in other countries especially in European countries and in the United States. Developing countries are also recommended to create national CERTs, organizations of cybersecurity experts to coordinate a nation to respond to cyber incidents. The proposed rules and regulations are largely irrelevant for developing nations and the proposed missions of a CERT do not match the needs of those countries. In promoting better guidance, the thesis identifies and discusses several challenges. It finds policy makers in developing nations are aware of the cyber threat, and that the cyber threat is different and often smaller in less ICT developed nations even if they are using similar equipment and software. To help craft better recommendations, the thesis identifies the benefits of ICT especially in agriculture, education and government. These benefits are analyzed to determine whether they would be protected by current guidance and the analysis determines that protecting ICT use in government should be the priority. In crafting future guidance the challenges are that nations have differences in ICT architecture and ICT use, and developing nations have fewer resources but also they have different resources to use. Another such difference is the common lack of a private cybersecurity sector and different expectations of government. This thesis concludes with discussing unexpected results. The first is Rwandan policy makers desire good enough security and have a higher risk tolerance concerning cyber threats than is found in more developed nations. In addition, open source software can be a potential way to reduce the cost of cyberspace defense and this thesis makes an initial investigation. The lesson of the thesis is that cybersecurity strategy is not a one size fits all and so it must be customized for each country.
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Sinha, Sangeeta. "International Tourism in Developing Nations: An Empirical Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3208/.
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Theory: The literature on volume of tourism in developing nations, does not provide empirical measures necessary for rigorous hypotheses testing. While there have been ample studies on volume of tourism among developed nations, very little has been done regarding developing nations. Several theories from the dependency school, world systems and modernization offer theoretical explanations, but these explanations have not been adequately translated into empirical models, for studying the volume of tourism. Hypotheses: To improve the ability to explain volume of tourism and to identify the factors that affect the volume of tourism in developing countries, the study tests four hypotheses based on the theories of Modernization, World System and Push- Pull. Methodology: The study uses Confirmatory Factor Analysis to examine the factors that are likely to influence the volume of tourism. Shift Share analysis is also used to study regional variations in volume of tourism. Findings: The study found support for the fact that aspects of modernization are some of the most important determinants of volume of tourism. This finding has policy implications for developing nations trying to encourage tourism as an important economic sector. Shift Share analysis revealed that in the last decade Sub - Saharan Africa, East Asia Pacific and the Middle East have seen an increase in the volume of tourism compared to other developing regions of the world.
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Gardner, Jennifer Lynn. "IMF Conditionality and Political Dissent in Developing Nations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42591.
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Conditionality refers to the program policies required by international institutions, such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF), in order for countries to be eligible to receive access to resources provided by such institutions. In the case of the IMF these resources are available in the form of loans. The proper role of conditionality as a component of the Fundâ s financial arrangements with developing nations has been a topic of debate in both the political science and economic fields of study. On the political science side the argument has centered on whether or not austere and structural conditionality can in effect cause political dissent in the developing nations, and whether or not the process of conditionality violates the sovereign rights of nations. In this research study three Latin American countries (Brazil, Argentina, and Costa Rica) were utilized as case studies to try and determine whether or not their was a casual link between the implementation of IMF conditionality and instances of political dissent manifested as protests, riots, and strikes. Evidence of political dissent directly related to the implementation of IMF conditionality was found in all three case studies at varying levels. The instances of political dissent were then analyzed individually and as a group to try and determine specific cause, group dynamics, and the economic context in which they took place. The study concluded that as practiced in the 1990s and early 2000s conditionality can interfere with the democratic process in developing nations.Master of Arts
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Hsieh, Edward F. (Edward Fang). "Investigating successful implementation of technologies in Developing nations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32887.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references.
A study was performed to determine possible factors that contribute to successful implementation of new technologies in developing nations. Engineers and other inventors have devoted great effort to Appropriate Technology design over the last two decades, but few comprehensive case studies currently exist examining factors that lead to technology success. Existing studies of appropriate technology were summarized and a quantitative model was created to tabulate the data. Factors of local maintenance, local production, and local need of a technology were found to be the most important to sustainable technology implementation. The model was then tested with a current Appropriate Technology project to examine the relevance of its results. Overall, the model proved applicable, though furthers studies are suggested to refine the model.
by Edward F. Hsieh.
S.B.
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Maldonado, Saul. "Antecedents of technology adoption in agriculture in developing nations." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/81320.
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Understanding the antecedents determining technology adoption in agriculture is essential to promote technology adoption to improve agricultural productivity in developing nations. The aims of this research were to understand the meaning of technology adoption for people involved in farming activities in developing nations, the antecedents determining technology adoption, their effect and how their interaction influences decision-making with regards to technology implementation in agriculture in developing nations. This study was qualitative in nature and followed an exploratory approach. This allowed the researcher to gain and understand new insights about the antecedents determining technology adoption in agriculture in developing nations. A total of 12 synchronous online semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers and agriculture technicians from developing nations where the reliance on the agriculture sector is high. These interviews were analysed using thematic content analysis approach which led to the development of ‘The antecedents determining technology adoption in agriculture in developing nations’ Framework. This Framework refuted literature findings which highlighted the existence of four antecedents determining technology adoption in agriculture in these nations. Five predominant antecedents namely: awareness; financial assistance; applicability of technology; training and technical support; and demonstrations were identified in this study. This framework explains that the interaction of the identified antecedents is essential to foster technology adoption among farmers in developing nations and is important for stakeholders since it can provide a better understanding and guidance for the creation of integrated strategies to improve technology adoption in agriculture in developing nations.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2021.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Hammond, Thomas J. "Survey of Science Communication in Developing Pacific Island Nations." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/46839.
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The developing nations of the Pacific Islands face a number of issues as they move towards economic and environmental sustainability. The application of science and scientific knowledge can be valuable in addressing these problems, and moving the region towards a more stable future. However, science can have little impact unless it is effectively communicated to relevant audiences.
Science communication is a relatively new and developing discipline. It is concerned with the context in which information is delivered, and the processes by which knowledge is accepted by different groups in society.
I completed an introductory study of the attitudes of scientists based in the Pacific towards science communication. To study the processes by which scientists produce, and subsequently communicate, their science, I invited scientists within the region to complete a short online survey. The survey asked respondents their attitudes towards
science communication, the outcomes of their science, and their opinions on the overall
success and quality of science communication in the region.
Results from the survey indicate a high regard for the importance of science
communication, and a general consensus that the quality and reach of science
communication in the Pacific is poor. Reasons suggested for the weakness of Pacific
science communication include the lack of facilities and infrastructure across the Pacific for broadcasting information, low levels of scientific literacy within the population, poorly managed networks of information exchange between scientists, and limited training and support of scientists in the communication of their work. Respondents varied in the manner in which they regarded aspects of their work to be characterised as ‘practical outcomes’. This suggests a need for more long-term studies looking at the sientific process from development of concepts, through data collection, communication
and ultimately implementation.
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Darwish, Mazen. "Modular Hybridization of Solar Thermal Power Plants For Developing Nations." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104456.
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The current energy scenario in the developing nations with abundant sun resource (e.g. southern Mediterranean countries of Europe, Middle-East & North Africa) relies mainly on fossil fuels to supply the increasing energy demand. Although this long adopted pattern ensures electricity availability on demand at all times through the least cost proven technology, it is highly unsustainable due to its drastic impacts on depletion of resources, environmental emissions and electricity prices. Solar thermal Hybrid power plants among all other renewable energy technologies have the potential of replacing the central utility model of conventional power plants, the understood integration of solar thermal technologies into existing conventional power plants shows the opportunity of combining low cost reliable power and Carbon emission reduction. A literature review on the current concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies and their suitability for integration into conventional power cycles was concluded, the best option was found be in the so called Integrated solar combined cycle systems (ISCCS); the plant is built and operated like a normal combined cycle, with a solar circuit consisting of central tower receiver and heliostat field adding heat to the bottoming Rankine cycle. A complete model of the cycle was developed in TRNSYS simulation software and Matlab environment, yearly satellite solar insolation data was used to study the effect of integrating solar power to the cycle throw-out the year. A multi objective thermo economic optimization analysis was conducted in order to identify a set of optimum design options. The optimization has shown that the efficiency of the combined cycle can be increased resulting in a Levelized electricity cost in the range of 10 -14 USDcts /Kwhe. The limit of annual solar share realized was found to be around 7 % The results of the study indicate that ISCCS offers advantages of higher efficiency, low cost reliable power and on the same time sends a green message by reducing the environmental impacts in our existing power plant systems.
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Jerenvik, Mikaela, and Zandra Belstad. "Egoistic vs. Altruistic Incentives in Promoting Growth : From Developing Nations Perspective." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14884.
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Developing countries are dependent upon foreign capital since they lack adequate domestic means to save and invest in order to grow and develop. This thesis aims to evaluate the role of foreign capital inflows in enhancing economic growth in a sample of 90 developing countries between the years 1991 and 2006. Even though FDI is recognized as the most attractive key in economic development strategies, numerous international help organizations call for increased ODA flows since many developing countries do not seem to benefit from FDI. This study will closely look into the issue where FDI and ODA are incorporated into the same model to identify the different effects they bring upon economic growth. Is capital given by the altruistic intention to assist developing nations in the form of ODA more beneficial than capital given through FDI by Multi-National Corporations (MNC) with their egoistic profit-seeking incentives, in the matter of enhancing economic growth? The obtained results from our cross-sectional OLS-regression are coherent with previous studies where FDI promotes economic growth, while ODA has a negative impact. This implies that FDI do actually play a more important role in developing countries than ODA in increasing growth in GDP per capita.
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Munyua, David O. "Ungoverned spaces and armed civil conflicts: the predicament of developing nations." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45911.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedSeveral developing nations are grappling with the phenomenon of ungoverned territories, which are believed to be harboring insurgent, terrorist, and other armed violent groups. This study investigates how a developing nation can use its resources to reduce violent activities and, consequently, ungoverned spaces from within its sovereign territory. The study uses geo-referenced violent events data as a measure of violence and spatiotemporal data for law enforcement agencies (LEAs), social services, and economic infrastructure as measures of state authority. All data is specific to Uganda. Using multi-regression models (negative binomial and matched wake analysis), the study employs interpolated spatiotemporal data to estimate the effects of state authority factors on violent events over space and time. The findings show that LEAs, including police, prisons, courts, and border protection, are the most effective in reducing violence and therefore ungoverned territories. Save for schools and local governments, social services like health centers, and economic infrastructure like roads, tend to be associated with increased levels of violence. The policy implication for developing nations is therefore to consider directing their resources toward building their LEAs before or concurrently with socioeconomic services in order to reduce violence emanating from ungoverned spaces.
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Botha, Anton. "Trade liberalisation and the developing nations : a strategy for sustainable growth." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50203.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Developing economies are greatly influenced by changing factors of globalisation, trading pattems of industrialised countries and currency fluctuations. Trade reform is expected to play a critical role in creating competitive advantages among developing countries. However, liberalisation of developing countries has not always given the expected result. Too often, mullilateral organisations lecture developing countries on the merits of good governance, building dynamic institutions and greater openness to trade and foreign direct investments (FDI). The International Monetary Fund (IMF) estimates that if Sub-Saharan Africa's institutional capacity were raised to the level of developed countries, per capita GDP would be raised by 150 percent. The rich world's trade protectionism and inadequate FDI inflows are blocking poor nations' efforts to integrate within the global economy. Currently, protectionist barriers set up by developed countries disrupt global economic market adjustments. Extending liberalisation to trade in all commodities would almost double world gains and would benefit developing countries in particular. To sustain development through liberalisation, nations need to reform themselves domestically and all nations must be given reasonably free market access.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkelende ekonomiee word grootliks beinvloed deur die veranderende omstandighede met betrekking tot globalisasie. Handelshervorming sal na verwagting 'n kritieke rol speel om 'n kompeterende voordeel te skep vir ontwikkelende lande. Nogtans het die liberalisering van sommige van hierdie lande nie die verwagte resultaat gelewer nie. Dit gebeur gereeld dat multilaterale organisasies ontwikkelende lande voorskryf oor die meriete van goeie bestuur, die ophou van dinamiese instellings en 'n meer ontvanklike houding teenoor buitelandse handel en beleggings. Die Internasionale Monetere Fonds (IMF) skat dat as die institusionele kapasiteit van Suid van die Sahara Afrika tot op die vlak van ontwikkelde lande verhoog word, die bruto binnelandse produk (BBP) per capita met 150 persent sal styg. Maar die ryk wereld se handelsbeskerming en die onvoldoende toevloei van buitelandse direkte investering, blokkeer arm nasies se pogings om die wereldekonomie te betree. Tans ontwrig die beskermende maatreels in ontwikkelde lande die vermoe van die wereldwye ekonomiese mark om aan te pas. Deur liberalisering ten opsigte van alle handelsgoedere uit te brei, kan die wereld-winste bykans verdubbel word. Ontwikkelende lande sal veral hierby baat vind. Om ontwikkeling deur liberalisering te bevorder, moet nasies binnelands hervorm en alle nasies moet redelike vrye toegang tot die wereldmark gebied word.
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Fazecas, Michaela. "THE UNITED NATIONS FUND FOR POPULATION ACTIVITIES: CHANGING THE DIRECTION OF THE TOTAL FERTILITY RATE IN DEVELOPING NATIONS." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4500.
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This thesis builds on previous United Nations' research investigating factors affecting the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in six (6) states: Burkina Faso, Mexico, Morocco, Nepal, the Philippines, and Uganda. The present research, however, provides a broader assessment of the TFR and the potential causes of its decline by examining countries across nine (9) regions of the world – sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, and the former Soviet Socialist Republics of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The present analyses are also conducted over time, specifically from 1960 through 2002. Five (5) primary hypotheses regarding factors affecting the Total Fertility Rate are examined using feasible generalized least squares regression analysis. First, foreign debt is hypothesized to have a positive relationship to TFR. That is, holding all else constant, as foreign debt increases, TFR is expected to increase as well. Foreign debt is operationalized first, as total external debt; second, as long-term debt, and third, as total debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services. Second, foreign aid, the level of socioeconomic development, and the extent of females' education are all hypothesized to have negative relationships to TFR. That is, all else constant, as foreign aid increases, TFR is expected to decrease. All else constant, as the level of socioeconomic development increases, TFR is also expected to decrease. All else constant, as the extent of females' education increases, TFR is also expected to decrease. Foreign aid is operationalized as first, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) loans and International Development Agency (IDA) credits; and second, as official development assistance and official aid. The level of socioeconomic development is operationalized as the Gross National Income (GNI) per capita in terms of purchasing power parity. The extent of females' education is operationalized as first, the adult female literacy rate (ages 15 and above), and second, as the ratio of young literate females to males (ages 15 - 24). Finally, whereas previous scholars have hypothesized that industrialization reduces TFR (the Western European demographic transition hypothesis), the present research proposes that this relationship may not hold in developing countries. This possibility is investigated by analyzing the relationships between TFR and first, the value added of agriculture (as a percentage of GDP); second, the value added of industry (also as a percentage of GDP); third, the value added of manufacturing as a percentage of GDP; and fourth, the value added of services as a percentage of GDP. The findings presented here suggest first, that the foreign debt and foreign aid have differing effects on TFR in different regions of the world. Second, the effects of socioeconomic development and females' education are more consistent (than foreign debt and foreign aid) across the different regions - but intriguing variations still exist. Finally, it appears that, with very few exceptions, the Western European-based demographic transition model does not hold for non-Western and developing areas. Therefore, new, region-specific models of TFR need to be developed - and public policy needs to be based on these more accurate, more context-appropriate models.M.S.
Department of Political Science
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Leigh, Sally-Anne, and n/a. "Indonesian satellite technology : a case of technology transfer." University of Canberra. Management, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060817.090742.
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Adelola, Tiwalade. "Developing a framework for e-commerce privacy and data protection in developing nations : a case study of Nigeria." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2017. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27440.
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The emergence of e-commerce has brought about many benefits to a country s economy and individuals, but the openness of the Internet has given rise to misuse of personal data and Internet security issues. Therefore, various countries have developed and implemented cyber-security awareness measures to counter this. However, there is currently a definite lack in this regard in Nigeria, as there are currently, little government-led and sponsored Internet security awareness initiatives. In addition, a security illiterate person will not know of the need to search for these awareness programmes online, particularly in Nigeria s case, where personal information security may not be regarded as an overly important issue for citizens. Therefore, this research attempts to find a means to reduce the privacy and data protection issues. It highlights the privacy and data protection problem in developing countries, using Nigeria as a case study, and seeks to provide a solution focusing on improving Internet security culture rather than focusing on solely technological solutions. The research proves the existence of the privacy and data protection problem in Nigeria by analysing the current privacy practices, Internet users perceptions and awareness knowledge, and by identifying factors specific to Nigeria that influence their current privacy and data protection situation. The research develops a framework for developing countries that consists of recommendations for relevant stakeholders and awareness training. In the case of Nigeria, the stakeholders are the government and organisations responsible for personal information security, and an awareness training method has been created to take into account Nigeria s unique factors. This training method encompasses promoting Internet security awareness through contextual training and promoting awareness programmes. Industry experts and Nigerian Internet users validated the framework. The findings obtained from the validation procedure indicated that the framework is applicable to the current situation in Nigeria and would assist in solving the privacy and Internet problem in Nigeria. This research offers recommendations that will assist the Nigerian government, stakeholders such as banks and e commerce websites, as well as Nigerian Internet users, in resolving the stated problems.
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Wood, Reed M. Crescenzi Mark J. C. "Caught in the vice economic sanctions and state repression in developing nations /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,151.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "...in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Political Science." Discipline: Political Science; Department/School: Political Science.
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Imoyin-Omene, O. W. "Shipping and the developing nations : Cost benefits analysis; special reference to Nigeria." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373880.
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Parmar, Nishaal Jitendra. "Food irradiation as a method of limiting crop loss in developing nations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44830.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 31-34).
Introduction: Introduction: The world today contains an estimated 6.7 billion humans, and our population is growing at an unprecedented rate, consuming an ever-increasing amount of global resources. According to United Nations projections, the majority of this growth will occur in the third-world nations of Africa, and, to a lesser extent, Asia, among those peoples least able to afford the increasing burden on their resources. Clearly, what is needed in these African nations in the near future are more efficient, low-cost methods of using those resources they already have. Foremost among the problems faced by African developing nations is a lack of a reliable, sufficient, and nutritious food supply. Much of the African population survives on malnourished diets irregularly supplied by subsistence agriculture. In addition, crop loss due to both pests and post-harvest spoilage is much higher than in first world nations, with cold-storage technologies and modem pesticides. Equally important are the lives lost each year to food-borne disease. In the United States alone, food-borne infections cause an estimated 76 million cases of illness and 323,000 hospitalizations annually, for an estimated annual treatment cost of $6.7 billion and a death toll of thousands. In developing nations, of course, these casualty figures are much higher. It is precisely this crop loss and food-borne disease which this thesis proposes to address, by both proposing and evaluating a method, namely, food irradiation, to diminish crop loss in African villages and small-towns. As stated by Fritz Kaferstein in the Journal of Public Health Policy, "In developing countries with warm climates, with non-grain staples, vegetables and fruits, the pos-tharvest loss is believed to exceed 50%. With commodities such as dried fish, insect infestation is reported to result in a loss of 25% of the product with an additional 10% lost due to spoilage. While not all of these losses can be prevented by food irradiation, the technology does offer unique potential to destroy insect infestation and reduce spoilage."
by Nishaal Jitendra Parmar.
S.B.
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Alberto, Laura M. "Sepsis Screening in General Hospitalised Patients in a Developing Nation Health Setting." Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/388660.
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Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and a World Health
Organization-recognised global concern. Estimations based on population level studies
show sepsis affects over 30 million people, and 6-9 million will die every year. Those
who survive will experience mental, physical and/or cognitive impairments or die
prematurely due to underlying conditions related to acquiring sepsis. To reduce
morbidity and mortality, early signs of sepsis need to be recognised and treated early.
Since the early 1990s, researchers from the United States of America, Norway and
China have tested tools for the early recognition of sepsis in general hospitalised
population. This evidence is predominantly from the developed world, so relates to only
a small percentage of the global problem. Little data has been produced in developing
areas where the global burden of sepsis most likely resides.
The overall purpose of this study was to improve sepsis care through early
recognition of sepsis and timely provision of treatment in a developing nation health
setting. Its aim was to implement and test a sepsis screening tool and guidelines for
early sepsis care in general hospitalised patients. The screening tool was the quick
Sequential [Sepsis-Related] Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA)-based Sepsis
Screening (SS) tool and the guidelines for early sepsis care incorporated in the 6-hour
(6-h) bundle.
An interrupted times series study with prospective data collection was conducted
in five general medical-surgical wards in a tertiary referral private hospital in Buenos
Aires, Argentina, from April to November 2017. The primary outcomes assessed in this
study were the accuracy of sepsis diagnosis and the timing of implementation of the 6-h
bundle. Secondary outcomes were the adoption of the screening tool and adherence to the 6-h bundle of sepsis care. The outcomes that involved time were considered in
respect to the moment the patient met the qSOFA-based SS tool criteria defined as time
zero.
In 1,151 patients (median age 69.9 [IQR, 29.0] years; 619 females [53.8%]), 47
(4.1%) patients had sepsis, 413 (35.9%) had infection and 691 (60.0%) other diagnosis
at discharge. The most frequent sources of infection in patients with sepsis were
pulmonary (n=19, 34.8%), urinary (n=18, 38.3%) and abdominal (n=12, 25.5%).
Two hundred and thirteen patients (18.5%) scored ≥2 qSOFA points and 145
(12.6%) met the qSOFA-based SS tool criteria. The qSOFA-based SS tool had
moderate sensitivity (60%), good specificity (89%), a very low positive predictive value
(19%) and very high negative predictive value (98%). The qSOFA score in isolation
had a reasonable predictive validity for sepsis diagnosis at discharge (area under
receiver operating characteristics curve 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70–0.83] p<0.001).
Among 145 (12.6%) patients who met the qSOFA-based SS tool criteria, 39 of
64 intervention patients received the first 6-h bundle element in a median of 8 hours
(95% CI, 0.1–16), and 48 of 81 baseline patients in a median of 22 hours (95% CI, 3–
41); these times did not differ significantly (p=0.525). In a subgroup analysis of patients
who met the qSOFA-based SS tool criteria and received the first 6-h bundle element
within 48 hours of time zero, it was confirmed that there was no difference in time to
treatment (median 6 hours versus 4 hours) between the groups, which represented a very
low effect size (U=736, z=-1.716, p=0.086, r=0.03). A similar trend was observed in
patients with sepsis at discharge; 18 of 25 intervention patients received the first 6-h
bundle element at a median of 5 hours (95% CI, 4-6), and 15 of 22 baseline patients at a median of 12 hours (95% CI, 0–33) from time zero; the difference in these times was
not statistically significant (p=0.470).
The implementation strategies derived from the evaluation of setting
characteristics helped patients to be regularly screened, while activation of sepsis alerts
was more difficult to achieve, and some patients received delayed treatment.
Importantly, most patients with sepsis received treatment within the target time
regardless of the activation of the alert, including those patients who did not meet the
criteria of the qSOFA-based SS tool but still developed sepsis. This finding suggests
there is a clinical judgment process outside the screening mechanism that influences
treatment decisions.
This study broadens knowledge of early recognition of sepsis in developing
nation health settings, by validating a simple four-variable tool to screen for sepsis in a
general hospitalised patient population in Argentina. This tool could be valuable where
no other mechanism to screen for sepsis is in place. While there is much to be done to
expand our understanding of early recognition of sepsis in developing nations, this first
interrupted times series study provides a platform for such future research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing & Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Chakrabarti, Debjani. "Economic freedom and social capital determinants on economic growth of developed and developing nations." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04232007-164855.
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Ahadi, Mona. "The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods : should developing nations such as Iran adopt the CISG?" Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/16/.
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The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) was agreed in 1980. It has been ratified by 79 states. Despite a declaration in the Preamble that it seeks to contribute to the achievement of a New International Economic Order (NIEO) and to promote the development of international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, a disproportionate number of developing countries, including Iran, have not ratified it. This thesis investigates the link between the NIEO and the CISG in relation to both the process of making international sales law and the substance of that law. While the broader remit of this thesis is to investigate why developing countries have failed to adopt the CISG, its primary focus is on Iran and whether it should adopt the CISG. To that end, the author will thoroughly study the advantages and disadvantages of ratification put forward by different nations. The position taken on the CISG by the United Kingdom will also be examined, since the UK has avoided ratifying the CISG. The purpose of this study is to show that Iran is not in a comparable position to the UK with regard to justifying its non-ratification. A comparison of the legal provisions of the CISG and their counterparts under Iranian law is the ultimate aim of this thesis. To better understand the Iranian law governing contracts of sale, a brief overview will be provided of Iran’s position in the world economy and of its legal environment. A careful investigation will then be conducted into the rights, duties, and remedies under the CISG and corresponding ones under the Iranian domestic law of sale. The study reveals that the rights and duties under the CISG resemble those under Iranian law. There are certain remedies in the CISG that do not have a counterpart in Iranian law. In such cases, the practical effect of these differences will be discussed. This will lead to the conclusion that Iran should adopt the CISG, and that is where the author’s fieldwork in Iran concerning the practical difficulties that may arise in implementing the CISG in Iran will be discussed in more detail.
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Kanchanasuwon, Wichai 1955. "An Empirical Study of the Causes of Military Coups and the Consequences of Military Rule in the Third World: 1960-1985." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332197/.
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This study analyzed the causes of military coups and the consequences of military rule in the Third World during the 1960-1985 period. Using a coup d" etat score, including both successful and unsuccessful coups, as a dependent variable and collecting data for 109 developing nations from the World Handbook of Political and Social Indicators, The New York Times Index, and public documents, sixteen hypotheses derived from the literature on the causes of military coups were tested by both simple and multiple regression models for the Third World as a whole, as well as for four regions (Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East and North Africa) and in two time periods (1960-1970 and 1971-1985). Similarly, three models of military rule (progressive, Huntington's, and revisionist models) were analyzed to assess the consequences of military rule. The results of the study concerning the causes of military coups suggest four conclusions. First, three independent variables (social mobilization, cultural homogeneity, and dominant ethnic groups in the society) have stabilizing consequences. Second, six independent variables (previous coup experience, social mobilization divided by political institutionalization, length of national independence, economic deterioration, internal war, and military dominance) have destabilizing consequences. Third, multiple regression models for each region are very useful; most models explain more than 50% of the variance in military coups. Fourth, the time period covered is an important factor affecting explanations of the causes of military coups. In the analysis of the consequences of military rule, this study found that military governments did not differ significally from civilian governments in terms of economic, education, health, and social performances. However, the study found that military rule decreased political and civil rights. Its findings are thus very consistent with the best of the literature.
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Adegoke, Modupeolu. "Body and country exploited : how structural adjustment programs inpact human trafficking in developing nations." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1236.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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TEMBE, ELIAS OGUTUH AZARIAH. "HIGHER EDUCATION IN TWO DEVELOPING NATIONS: A CASE STUDY OF KENYA AND SRI LANKA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187987.
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The main purpose of the study was to analyze and compare higher educational systems and the major variables affecting them in Sri-Lanka and Kenya. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and literature reviewed. The conceptual framework of the study is in accordance with a model for a cross-cultural national study of comparative education systems developed by Dr. Herbert B. Wilson, Professor Emeritus at the University of Arizona. The findings of the study indicated that a comparative education system is significantly intertwined and affected by a number of important variables including (1) certain national characteristics such as culture, traditions, religion, politics, patriotism, international contact, life cycles, geography, economy, climate, demographic trends, and social organization; (2) socializing agents including family, tribe, clan, caste, social institutions, religion, military, media, literature, communication, schools, research stations, museums, publications, and public libraries; (3) the history and philosophy of education in public, private, religious, and proprietary sectors; (4) curriculum and instruction including scope, level, sequence, methodology, and mission; (5) enabling activities including administration, authority, control, financing, and political climate; (6) providing activities including availability and preparation of faculty, students, and administrators, and (7) certain current problems and issues affecting education. The major conclusions indicate that the building of a strong system of higher education is an accretive process involving not only the availability of resources but the arising national aspirations and attitudes as well as the development within the population of an awareness of the personal, regional, and national returns from education, particularly higher education. Such public and private awareness is the catalyst for the development and effectiveness of a productive higher education system.
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Chan, Nicholas. "The construction of the South : developing countries, coalition formation and the UN climate change negotiations, 1988-2012." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3478cbf5-e564-424f-a0f6-171a9e25e083.
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The North-South divide is one of the central political characteristics of the UN climate change negotiations. But while the Group of 77 coalition has been the main negotiating group for the South, developing countries have often faced challenges to their unity, magnified by the recent establishment of smaller negotiating groups. How has 'the South' hung together? This thesis investigates how developing countries have formed negotiating groups over the two decades of the UN climate negotiating process. It explains the origins of the different negotiating groups that have formed over this time, as well as the timing of their emergence and the scope of their membership. In particular, while scholarly attention has focused on the G77, Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) and most recently the Brazil-South Africa- India-China (BASIC) coalition, this thesis corrects the relative neglect in understanding the many other negotiating groups that have formed. While conventional explanations highlights the shared material interests that underpin group formation, this thesis advances a constructivist argument that emphasises instead the importance of collective identities in shaping norms of 'appropriate association' – the social bases of whose one's friends and allies are. It highlights the regional basis for many of these negotiating groups that cut across shared material circumstances, and draws upon historical institutionalist insights on critical junctures and path dependence to place this larger pattern of Southern coalition formation in the appropriate historical and institutional context of the UN system. It demonstrates the continuing persistence of countries identifying as the 'South', where despite changing material circumstances and disagreements among developing countries, the salience of the G77 as the constitutive institution of this identity remains. Above all, in investigating the processes of coalition formation among developing countries in the climate context, this thesis deepens scholarly understanding about the contemporary meaning of the 'South'.
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Rasheed, Athaulla A. "The Maldives and the Small Island Developing States' Common Agenda in the United Nations Climate Negotiations: A Constructivist Analysis." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/395111.
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This thesis discusses the role the Maldives has played in driving the Small Island Developing States’ (SIDS) climate agenda in the United Nations (UN) negotiations since the mid-1980s. The thesis argues that the Maldives has used a policy narrative built on ideas about its critical climate related experiences to draw the attention of international policy makers. The purpose of this thesis is to show that climate ideas shared by the Maldives during the 1980s about unique vulnerabilities, inundation and the need for international cooperation have shaped a common climate foreign policy (CFP) agenda among SIDS and drawn them together in the UN negotiations to seek international cooperation on climate action. In this respect, building on international relations (IR) theories, the thesis develops a constructivist framework to analyse the impact of climate ideas. The constructivist approach to foreign policy analysis can explain CFP as an ideational or a social process, where relationships between states are understood as a social construction of what states make of it. In this context, foreign policy is understood as a process-oriented activity shaped by shared ideas rather than material powers of the international system. Therefore, the constructivist approach is a useful analytical and methodological framework for exploring the ideational aspects of the CFP engagements of the Maldives with respect to SIDS’ climate politics. In this respect, the thesis develops a three-stage analytical framework. The first stage explains how ideas are initially generated at individual (or states) level; the second stage explains how those ideas act as a blueprint to create coalitions among actors (or states); and, the third stage explains how shared ideas create conventions that coordinate and manage state interactions over time. These ideational stages form the analytical framework for the empirical investigation. Within this three-stage framework, the thesis uses a qualitative method to analyse the CFP discourse of the Maldives and SIDS including the speeches, policy declarations, and outcome documents of climate conferences to identify climate ideas and explain their impact on climate negotiations. The findings explain how the climate ideas generated by the Maldives have shaped the CFP interests of SIDS in driving their common agenda in the international policy process.Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Govt & Int Relations
Griffith Business School
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Niazi, Ashar Ahmed Khan. "Establishing viable and effective information warfare capability in developing nations based on the U.S. model." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27880.
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Information Warfare (IW) is a reality of the 21st century. With the advancements in computer technology and innovations in information systems and networks, information has become a forceful weapon and an element of national power. Consequently, the conduct of war in this age has been greatly affected by the manner in which the information is treated by the opposing forces. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) has been aggressively formulating doctrine and policy on the subject since the early 1990s. The study of this evolution offers guidelines to other coalition partners who may wish to make their own organizations effective and viable by incorporating changes to suit their scale and scope of operations. IW, now called information operations in the U.S. DoD, is the amalgamation of multiple independent and diverse capabilities. It will be explored that some of the latest IW capabilities may make less of a contribution in developing countries where organizations are less dependent on advanced information systems and communication networks in the cyber domain. This thesis will describe U.S. IO implementation methodology and in the end identify feasible IW capabilities in the backdrop of developing countries. A simplistic IW operational model will also be presented for consideration in counterinsurgency and counterterrorism campaigns.
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Iaeger, Paula Irene. "Establishing Junior-level Colleges in Developing Nations: a Site Selection Process Using Data From Uganda." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115098/.
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This research synthesizes data and presents it using mapping software to help to identify potential site locations for community-centered higher education alternatives and more traditional junior-level colleges in Uganda. What factors can be used to quantify one site over another for the location of such an institution and if these factors can be isolated; why should they be used by local authorities? the variables are secured from the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ), Afrobarometer, census data, as well as technology reports and surveys. These variables are reduced, grouped and mapped to help determine the best location for a junior-level college. the use of local expert opinion on geopolitical, economic, and educational situations can be interfaced with the database data to identify potential sites for junior-level colleges with the potential to reduce the failure rate of such post-secondary school ventures. These data are analyzed in the context of reported higher education policies and outcomes from the national ministries, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), quality assurances agencies in the region, the World Bank, and national datasets. the final product is a model and tool that can be used by local experts to better select future sites to expand higher education, especially in rural areas in the least developed countries.
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Muchinguri, Theresa. "The role of the International telecommunications Union in outer space spectrum management with respect to developing nations." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76734.
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From the remarks made by the then Secretary General of ITU, one envisions the possibilities of a truly connected world and upholding of tenets prescribed in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, which provides for all of outer space, including the Geostationary orbit, as the province of all mankind, to be used for the benefit and in the interests of all countries, irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development.2 On the backbone of ‘connecting the world’ is the scarce resource, spectrum, which is managed and allocated to states by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The demand for radio-based applications has been growing in line with the increasing mobility across the globe. Radio spectrum is a major global asset contributing substantial value to economies of states, whether big or small, and underlines critical aspects of their citizens’ lives. Radio communications is critical to areas such as air travel, emergency services, telecommunications, sound and television broadcasting, military defence, space research and other scientific activities
Spectrum plays a very critical role in the economic development of any society as it brings connectivity, it even plays a critical role in developing economies as it serves in bridging the existing “digital divide”. However, this precious commodity is a scarce resource, the available radio spectrum is limited.4 The rapidly changing environment of electronic communications, impressive technological progress, convergence and changing habits of end-users’ consumption is creating pressure for existent spectrum as well as its regulation and management. This has necessitated the need for managing a new, previously unused, international resource – the satellite spectrum/orbit., which is becoming increasingly crowded. At the same time, the increasing use of lower Earth orbits is further increasing the need for international coordination. ITU plays a crucial role in ensuring that operators’ multimillion dollar satellite systems operate smoothly throughout their lifetimes, delivering services to billions of people without interfering with each other.
The space-faring states are demanding more spectrum as they increase activities in outer space due to technological advancements, however, at what cost to the non-space faring states. At the same time the ITU is burdened with the responsibility of trying to harmonise the use of spectrum bands across the globe between the space-faring and upcoming non-space faring states, mainly the developing countries. The objective of this research is to ascertain whether, given the rapid technological changes being experienced across the globe, the ITU is still sufficient in its current state, to adequately manage and regulate the allocation of spectrum to all states, maintaining the true spirit of the principle of ‘province of all mankind’. Bearing in mind the ever increasing demands of advanced economies over the gradually increasing demands of developing economies and the concept of geostationary orbit being for the benefit of all countries irrespective of their degree of economic or scientific development. countries’. It is against this background that this thesis seeks to address the following question “The role of the International Telecommunications Union in Outer Space Spectrum management with respect to developing nations”.
The author will tackle this research through a quantitative lens, making use of the desktop methodology because of the nature of the research topic. A significant amount of reading will need to be done around the legal framework governing the ITU with regards to space technology. This thesis is mainly based on secondary data, retrieved from official documents, reports, news articles, academic papers and books. The research will take upon the characteristics of being critical to current legislative frameworks as well as the role of the ITU in the management and allocation of spectrum. It will be essential for the author to look at the historical legislature and how it has gradually progressed into what is currently obtaining. The thesis will take a critical approach in order to interrogate the relevance of the ITU in today’s modern era in light of the provisions of the Outer Space Treaty and the various ITU regulations particularly the ITU Convention; ITU Constitution and the ITU Radio Regulations in spectrum management and allocation including the position of developing states.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted
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Catota, Quintana Frankie. "Cybersecurity Capabilities in a Critical Infrastructure Sector of a Developing Nation." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/697.
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When information technology is incorporated into the operations of financial critical infrastructure, it brings with it a range of cyber risks, and mitigating them requires that firms and regulators develop capabilities to foster protection. The sophistication of cyber threats to the financial sector has been growing rapidly. Developed nations have worked hard to improve their knowledge of these threats and establish strategies to respond accordingly. However, in developing nations, both the understanding of the risks posed by cyber threats and the ability to address those risks have been slower to evolve. Developing the needed cybersecurity capabilities in developing countries encounter challenges that need to be identified and addressed. In order to begin to do that, this thesis reports on three studies conducted in the context of Ecuador. The first study identifies and assesses incident experiences, challenges, barriers, and desired actions reported by financial security managers with the objective of identifying strategies to enhance incident response capabilities. The second study begins with the security incidents reported by the Ecuadorian financial stakeholders during the first study and assesses the potential effectiveness of the government policy that is intended to address IT risk in the financial sector. The third study explores the challenges that universities face in order to provide cybersecurity instruction to protect critical infrastructure and explores potential strategies to advance cybersecurity education at the university level. In support of this work we collected data from national practitioners involved in responding to security incidents and in developing cybersecurity skills. Sixty-one in-depth, semi-structured interviews across five cities were conducted (95% in person, the rest by telephone) with respondents who had good knowledge in the subjects. Respondents come mainly from: the financial sector (CISOs, risk and IT managers, security chiefs, security officers, authorities); telecommunications sector, especially ISPs (managers, directors, engineers, authorities); and academia (deans, directors, professors). We transcribed all the interviews, coded them and conducted qualitative text analysis. This research finds that (1) the financial sector is already facing risks driven by outsiders and insiders that lead to fraud and operational errors and failures. The main barriers to improving protection are small team size, network visibility, inadequate internal coordination, technology updating, lack of training, and lack of awareness. The sector has little community support to respond to incidents, and the national legal framework has not supported appropriate prosecution of cyber criminals; (2) the national IT risk management policy has reasonably covered most countermeasures related to reported security incidents. There are however, several areas of gap, one of the most important is network security, which can enable sophisticated malware attacks; (3) today the level of cybersecurity education is mostly elementary in Ecuador. Academic interviewees at only four of the thirteen universities studied expressed confidence that they can provide students with reasonable preparation. Ecuador needs to design a national cybersecurity plan that prioritizes protection for critical infrastructure and should support strategies that allow the country to enhance cybersecurity capabilities. Properly designed these initiatives should allow the nation to develop a core structure to confront current and emergent cyber challenges in the financial sector and other critical national operations, and build the human resources necessary to continue that effort.
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Thomas, Ryan M. "Recommendations for Favela Upgrading: A Case Study of Portelinha, Rio de Janeiro." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342105850.
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McLellan, Donald. "Defence and development : a study with particular reference to security demand in developing nations, 1981-1997." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501870.
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This thesis attempts to fill a gap identified in the literature relating to the determinants of security expenditure. to Identify and isolate different types of security and para-security expenditure drivers within developing nations given the changes which have occurred during the last ten to fifteen years. The study evaluates the driving forces which underpin security and para-security expenditure in developing countries during the period 1981-1997. It examines and builds on the literature and economic theory - especially defence and welfare economic theory - relating to developing nations in their security expenditure demand. It considers alternative models and frameworks which might be explored and expanded to provide a more comprehensive explanation for this demand.
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Bass, Cameron M. 1982. "Redesign of the double hand rim modification of the "Whirlwind" Wheelchair for manufacture in developing nations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32802.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 32).
In this thesis, I investigate possible improvements to the design of a wheelchair for manufacture in a developing nation, specifically one designed for use by persons with hemiplegia. Ralf Hotchkiss's "Whirlwind" Wheelchair is currently manufactured with local materials in many developing nations. It provides both an affordable source of quality wheelchairs for the populace as well as a source of employment. J.A. van Alphen and D.R. Arbib made modifications to the original Wheelchair design so that it would be usable by hemiplegics. However, on manufacture in Duranguito, Mexico, the chair was deemed unusable due to certain flaws. After analyzing the design of the chair, potential solutions for the two most critical problems are suggested, taking care to avoid undue increases in cost or complexity of manufacture.
by Cameron M. Bass.
S.B.
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Kisi, K. P., N. Mani, N. Lee, Joseph Shrestha, K. Shrestha, and R. Kayastha. "Opportunities and Challenges for Module Construction in Developing Nations: A Case Study in the Nepalese Construction Industry." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5475.
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Quinlan, Saundra S. "Designing of a prototype heat-sealer to manufacture solar water sterilization pouches for use in developing nations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32928.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 23).
Water purification proves to be a difficult task in many developing nations. The SODIS (SOlar water DISinfection) process is a method which improves the microbiological quality of water making it safer for drinking and cooking using the UV-A rays and heat from the sun. Even simple processes such as this, require components that are not easily attainable in many rural areas-in this case the recommended two-liter bottle. Amy Smith, an instructor in MIT's Edgerton Center, researched and tested the effectiveness of polypropylene collapsible water pouches in the SODIS process. Thus, a heat-sealing device that can be used in developing nations to manufacture collapsible water pouches is needed. This device is intended to allow individuals in developing countries to take advantage of the SODIS water purification process. The approximately 60 watt prototype of the heat-sealing device is powered by a 12-volt solar deep-cycle battery and is made of simple materials so that it can be used and maintained in a variety of developing nations. A 20 inch nickel chromium strip is used as the heating element and Teflon forms a barrier between the heating element and the material to be sealed. A 4-mil polypropylene sheet is the pouch material of choice.
(cont.) It is placed on top of the Teflon strip, before a lever arm is lowered, the device is turned 'on' and the sheet is sealed via the heated nickel chromium strip. Although the alpha prototype presented in this thesis has a number of positive attributes, such as using easily accessible or shippable components and making use of available power sources and/or batteries, there are areas for improvement. Making the device more robust, user friendly and versatile and making the seal strength more consistent and accurate are important characteristics that should be considered when designing a beta prototype.
by Saundra S. Quinlan.
S.B.
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Johansen, Rozelle. "Strategic management and the Christian nonprofit organisation operating in developing nations : a value-centred, mission-driven framework." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50642.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.A value-centered, mission-driven strategic framework has been developed for Christian nonprofit (NFP) organisations operating in the developing nations. This framework contains many of the same elements that are used by businesses to develop strategy. The various strategy elements used within the new framework have, where necessary, been adapted to accommodate the dynamics of a Christian NFP operating in the developing nations. The core values of the organisation have been placed at the centre of the process and the mission is what drives the process forward. It is important that the plans and goals developed are aligned with the mission and do not violate the core values. The Christian NFP operating in developing nations faces several challenges with regards to adopting and implementing a strategic management process of which some are restraints and some have to do with the way they view the strategic management process. Some of the restraints faced by them include the lack of clear measurements; a focus on resources instead of results; the lack of accurate, relevant information; strategic convergence and the nature of the competitive environment. The more challenging the environment and circumstances within which the organisation operates, the more important it becomes for a strategic management process. Furthermore Christians often view the strategic management process as a secular intrusion into a spiritual process. The value-centered, mission-driven framework goes some way in addressing these constraints. This research report provides a strategic framework, based on a theoretical approach. It therefore focuses more on the justification and the elements of the process than on guidelines to implement it. It does not address aspects outside of the framework that could hamper the successful implementation of the process. The importance of the spiritual dimension is ignored. The research's exclusive focus on Christian organisations and developing nations provides opportunity for further research. The research reflected in this study is interesting and useful. It adds to the body of knowledge and reveals that more work can be done to assist those in their mission to bring about social change where it is most needed.
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Rindlisbaker, Sophie Visick. "Reducing the Impact of Disabilities in Developing Nations: Implications from a Parent Delivered Behavioral Intervention in Macedonia." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6937.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is recognized the world over as a major public health issue. Autism is highly prevalent, persists across the lifespan, and is characterized by behaviors that can profoundly impair typical functioning. Interventions based on behavioral strategies have proven effective, but there are significant barriers to care, including cost, intensity of treatment, and access to qualified practitioners. The impact of ASD and obstacles to appropriate care are magnified by systemic limitations in developing countries. Parent training holds promise as a method of disseminating therapy to underserved areas. This study investigated the effectiveness of a pyramidal parent training intervention in Macedonia. Fifteen parents of children with ASD were trained in three specific strategies for promoting prosocial skills: eye contact, compliance, reducing restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). Parents reported daily ratings of these skills and their own confidence, action or engagement, and family distress. Participants were ethnic Macedonians from the capital of Skopje with at least one child with ASD between the ages of 2 and 13 years. This study utilized a single case research design. Data were collected per and post intervention using an interrupted time series design. Individual response was analyzed visually and Tau U effect sizes were calculated. Moderator and mediator effect was considered following the method initially established by Gaynor and Harris (2008). Effect sizes were small but significant for the group overall for all variables except restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB). The program was especially effective for younger children, those with comorbid hyperactivity, those with low to moderate symptomology, and those with no prior special education services.
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Lari, Zahida Shakiel. "Some aspects of the education of children with special needs in developing nations, with particular reference to Pakistan." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361047.
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Ganapathi, Janani. "The role of open educational resources (OERs) in primary education in developing nations: A case study of India." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115759/1/Janani_Ganapathi_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis investigates the role of open educational resources (OER) in primary education in developing countries. It retrieves lessons from an in-depth case study analysis of three OER-providing organizations, which have been catering to the literacy and primary education needs of children in India and South Africa. The findings indicate that OERs specific to the development of primary school-aged children can overcome several issues such as poor literacy, pedagogy, equity and access as well as help OER providers remain sustainable.
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Fullmer, Susanna. "Determining Predictors of Peer Relations: A Study on Youth inEthiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9084.
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Across the world countries are currently striving to eliminate poverty, improve the quality of education, optimize well-being, among other areas of improvement. In an effort to help such improvements, a group called Young Lives ran a longitudinal study on youth in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam that studied the many facets of poverty. The purpose of this study is to utilize the Young Lives dataset to determine how countries can more readily improve social-emotional skills by looking at important experiences in adolescents' lives. Specifically, this study examines what factors increase a child's ability to socialize with peers, which is shown to be linked to higher academic success as well as a fuller development into adulthood. In order to measure the ability to socialize with peers, Young Lives used the relationships with Peers Scale (RPS). I examined, through implementing structural equation modeling techniques, what factors significantly predict RPS scores, as well as which time point the factors are most predictive. I also inspected the psychometric properties of the RPS on the Young Lives' population and observed measurement invariance across time and country in order to ensure this scale is a valid measure. Steps to improve relationships with peers can be taken by encouraging higher intrinsic locus of control, providing equal educational opportunities, improving safety conditions, providing nutritional education, and eliminating competition for resources.
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Muruthi, James. "PERCEPTIONS OF ECONOMIC SECURITY IN OLD AGE: THE CASE OF RURAL ELDERS OF MARAIGUSHU, KENYA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1335322687.
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Linn, Nicole Whitney. "The Rise of Regional Hegemons: Assessing Implications for the International System through a Neo-realist Perspective." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77003.
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Never before have developing nations been able to compete at the international level, both economically and militarily. But, we are currently in an age where developing nations, such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China, are able to develop so rapidly that they are able to excel within the international economy, which allows for an increased investment in military and technological capabilities. Consequently, these rapidly developing nations are able to influence the international system. To see how much of an effect these rapidly developing nations are having within the international system, they will be measured against 5 indicators that correlate with becoming a rising regional hegemon, a feature of a multi-polar system. The multi-polar international system that we see emerging is contrary to Kenneth Waltz's assertion that a multi-polar international system is unstable, and a bi-polar international system is preferred. New global conditions indicate that Waltz's analysis may not stand the test of time.Master of Arts
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Fullmer, Susanna. "Determining Predictors of Peer Relations: A Study on Youth in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9084.
Full textAbstract:
Across the world countries are currently striving to eliminate poverty, improve the quality of education, optimize well-being, among other areas of improvement. In an effort to help such improvements, a group called Young Lives ran a longitudinal study on youth in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam that studied the many facets of poverty. The purpose of this study is to utilize the Young Lives dataset to determine how countries can more readily improve social-emotional skills by looking at important experiences in adolescents' lives. Specifically, this study examines what factors increase a child's ability to socialize with peers, which is shown to be linked to higher academic success as well as a fuller development into adulthood. In order to measure the ability to socialize with peers, Young Lives used the relationships with Peers Scale (RPS). I examined, through implementing structural equation modeling techniques, what factors significantly predict RPS scores, as well as which time point the factors are most predictive. I also inspected the psychometric properties of the RPS on the Young Lives' population and observed measurement invariance across time and country in order to ensure this scale is a valid measure. Steps to improve relationships with peers can be taken by encouraging higher intrinsic locus of control, providing equal educational opportunities, improving safety conditions, providing nutritional education, and eliminating competition for resources.
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Boscio, Gabriela, Natalie Mebane, and Xavier Koenig. "Small Island Developing States : Using the MSI for Strategic Sustainable Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4241.
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This report is aimed at exploring what a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) would need to do in order to strategically use the Mauritius Strategy (MSI) to move their country towards sustainability as defined by the four principles of sustainability. Interviews were conducted with users and experts on the MSI representing various sectors such as governments, intergovernmental organisations and non-governmental organisations. These interviews were combined with document content analysis of key texts in order to identify strengths and necessary improvements of the MSI. A potential "ideal use" of the MSI was created by combining its current strengths and the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. This was then compared with the current reality of MSI usage, and gaps between the two were identified. Recommendations were given based on these gaps and on the improvements pointed out in the interviews in order to form a process through which a SIDS government could use the MSI to reach full sustainability.
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Krajisnik, Mladen. "Assessment of Strategies for Secure Tenure, Tenure Policy and Housing: As Means of Advocating Sustainable Development in Developing Nations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160437.
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The study is shortly presenting the urbanization-saga and the human settlement progression. It then proceeds to identify different types of tenure and the pertained definitions as such. The thesis will review and assess the strategies for Secure Tenure provided by UN-Habitat on an international and national level, as well as analyze the implementation tools brought forward. Diverse tenure policies and tools will be evaluated with an anchoring in the case study of Malawi and its National Land Policy and the implementation of the same.
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Arch, Gail Thelma. "Labor and human resource strategies in the transfer of technology from industrialized to developing nations : the case of Turkey." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1277404900.
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Sanusi, Ademisola [Verfasser]. "Transition to low emission automobiles and the legal effects on developing, oil exporting nations. A Nigerian perspective / Ademisola Sanusi." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1209272865/34.
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Ward, Jennifer Guerin. "Nitrocellulose Paper Based Microfluidic Platform Development and Surface Functionalization with Anti-IgE Aptamers." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/746.
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The purpose of this thesis project was to demonstrate the ability to utilize the capabilities of aptamers so that they may act as capture reagents for paper microfluidic devices. Several characterization experiments were conducted as a precursor before the final experimentation was performed. Paper characterization, manufacturing protocols for printing and heating, as well as 3D chip fabrication were all performed and analyzed. The results confirmed that the control of fluid through a 3D microfluidic device based in nitrocellulose is possible.
For the biochemistry portion of this thesis report, antibodies and aptamers were chosen to react with IgE, an antibody that is present in high concentrations in the urine of patients diagnosed with respiratory distress. Antibody chips were successfully created as a baseline lateral flow assay for comparison to new aptamer detector reagents. The aptamer experiments were able to demonstrate that it is possible to utilize the capabilities of aptamers so that they may behave as capture reagents in paper microfluidic devices. Overall, the experiments performed were extremely supportive of the ability to develop the field of paper microfluidics with the use of aptamers so that patient populations across the globe can be more accurately and effectively diagnosed.
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Bakarman, M. O. "Public policy as a functional concept in the WTO : the utility for developing nations as illustrated by Saudi Arabia's accession." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2013. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/234/.
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The concept of public policy has potential to increase the effectiveness of the use of the WTO exceptions to the covered agreements by member states, while decreasing the likelihood of misuse, which will be of certain benefit to the trade organization as a whole. This PhD study examines the use of public policy or "overriding principles" as it exists in three legal orders; the European Union, the Common Law of England and Wales, and the World Trade Organisation by conducting a comparative documentary analysis of the development and application of "overriding principles" in each legal order and the mechanisms used to monitor, control and encourage the evolution of the concept. The thesis argues that although different terms are used by each legal order, the function is similar, and therefore public policy can be successfully applied to the World Trade Organisation. On the basis of the findings of the comparative analysis, the research aims to develop a functional concept of public policy that can be applied to the WTO to better achieve its goals as an international trade liberalising organisation, streamlining the accession process for new members, assisting developing countries to participate in the international market and maintaining a balance with the obligations to the organisation and lessening the potential for disputes to arise. A case study of the accession of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the World Trade Organisation exemplifies the experience of developing nations and the potential for public policy to improve the balance of rights and obligations within this legal order.
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Loadwick, Annisa. "Understanding the use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to address climate change by oil and gas companies in developing nations." Thesis, Loadwick, Annisa (2016) Understanding the use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to address climate change by oil and gas companies in developing nations. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35556/.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a tool which oil and gas (O&G) companies can use to voluntarily go beyond compliance with laws and regulations to address sustainability issues. This research examines the reported use of CSR by O&G companies operating in developing nations to address climate change mitigation and adaptation. Developing nations may lack regulation, capability or willingness to require O&G companies to take steps to mitigate or adapt to climate change due to weak institutional structures, lack of enforcement of regulations, and the competing interests of economic development and tackling climate change. The first aim of the research was to establish whether there is recognition of the issue of climate change in the CSR Reports of O&G companies operating in developing nations. If so, what are the strategic responses by these companies to climate change? The second aim was to explore if O&G companies who operate in developing nations are using CSR programmes to conduct climate change mitigations and adaptation activities. If so, what are these mitigations or adaptations that are being deployed voluntarily as CSR? The method included a literature review and then an analysis of the CSR Reports of 20 O&G companies with operations in developing nations. Questions were established to identify what strategies, if any, companies were deploying to mitigate and adapt to climate change. These questions were used to collect data from the CSR Reports of 20 O&G companies with operations in developing nations. The research found that O&G companies operating in developing nations are deploying strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Most companies recognised climate change as an issue in their CSR Reports and had deployed strategic responses to climate change as CSR. These responses included memberships of voluntary organisations, GHG emissions reporting and reduction, investment in renewable energy and other activities such as tree planting and deployment of carbon capture and storage technology. The O&G industry does recognise climate change as an issue and is using CSR as a tool to respond voluntarily and deploy mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, this research indicates that the CSR programmes of O&G companies are not necessarily addressing climate change ‘on the ground’ in developing nations.
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Adegboye, Oyelola Abdulwasiu. "Statistical modelling of clustered and incomplete data with applications in population health studies in developing countries." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3331.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) drafted eight goals to be achieved by the year 2015, namely: eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality and women empowerment, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability and lastly developing a global partnership for development. Many public health studies often result in complicated and complex data sets, the nature of these data sets could be clustered, multivariate, longitudinal, hierarchical, spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal. This often results in what is called correlated data, because the assumption of independence among observations may not be appropriate. The shared genetic traits in the studies of illness or shared household characteristics among family members in the studies of poverty are examples of correlated data. In cross-sectional studies, individuals may be nested within sub-clusters (e.g., families) that are nested within clusters (e.g., environment), thus causing correlation within clusters. Ignoring the structure of the data may result in asymptotically biased parameter estimates. Clustered data may also be a result of geographical location or time (spatial and temporal). A crucial step in modelling correlated data is the speci cation of the dependency by choosing the covariance/correlation function. However, often the choice for a particular application is unclear and diagnostic tests will have to be carried out, following tting of a model. This study's view of developing countries investigates the prospects of achieving MDGs through the development of flexible predictor statistical models. The first objective of this study is to explore the existing methods for modelling correlated data sets (hierarchical, multilevel and spatial) and then apply the methods in a novel way to several data sets addressing the underlying MDGs. One of the most challenging issue in spatial or spatio-temporal analysis is the choice of a valid and yet exible correlation (covariance) structure. In cases of high dimensionality of the data, where the number of spatial locations or time points that produced the observations is large, the analysis of such data presents great computational challenges. It is debatable whether some of the classical correlation structures adequately reect the dependency in the data. The second objective is to propose a new flexible technique for handling spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal correlations. The goal of this study is to resolve the dependencies problems by proposing a more robust method for modelling spatial correlation. The techniques are used for di erent correlation structures and then combined to form the resulting estimating equations using the platform of the Generalized Method of Moments. The proposed model will therefore be built on a foundation of the Generalized Estimating Equations; this has the advantage of producing consistent regression parameter estimates under mild conditions due to separation of the processes of estimating the regression parameters from the modelling of the correlation. These estimates of the regression parameters are consistent under mild conditions. Thirdly, to account for spatio-temporal correlation in data sets, a method that decouples the two sources of correlations is proposed. Speci cally, the spatial and temporal e ects were modelled separately and then combined optimally. The approach circumvents the need of inverting the full covariance matrix and simpli es the modelling of complex relationships such as anisotropy, which is known to be extremely di cult or Lastly, large public health data sets consist of a high degree of zero counts where it is very di cult to distinguish between "true zeros" and "imputed" zeros. This can be due to the reporting mechanism as a result of insecurity, technical and logistics issues. The focus is therefore on the implementation of a technique that is capable of handling such a problem. The study will make the assumption that "imputed" zeros are a random event and consider the option of discarding the zeros, and then model a conditional Poisson model, conditioning on all cases greater than 0.
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Baze, Michael Ray. "Application and Evaluation of Teledermatology In An Underserved Area of Honduras." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28524.
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Since the 1800's, technological advances have extended the foundation on which telemedicine could build. With its evolution, telemedicine has proven to be a means of offering effective health care interventions, from a multitude of disciplines. Teledermatology, a specialty application of telemedicine, offers great potential in improving the standard of dermatologic care by bridging the gap between the expert opinion of dermatologists and those without access to basic dermatologic care, particularly in developing nations, where skin disease continues to be a major public health problem. In Honduras, the setting for this study, and other developing nations, technology to support telemedicine is available.
Dermatologic disease is among the most common disease presentations in the developing world, which left untreated due to a lack of access to adequate medical care, can progress causing increased morbidity or even death. A potential but untested solution is teledermatology. Teledermatology offers great potential in improving the standard of dermatologic care by bridging the gap between the expert opinion of dermatologists and those without access to basic dermatologic care.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and types of dermatologic conditions and the feasibility of a store-and-forward teledermatology system in an underserved area of Honduras, so as to potentially provide more timely diagnosis and treatment, implementation of preventative measures, and offer long term solutions.so as The justification and significance of this study was the potential of store-and-forward teledermatology to improve the standard of dermatologic care by improving access of populations in underserved areas to dermatology specialists through affordable technology.
The methodology of this study was primarily case study descriptive. This study was conducted at a public primary care clinic (JMA Clinic) and satellite sites in underserved areas of Francisco Morazán, Honduras. During a four week period in Spring 2011, patients with dermatologic conditions were examined and photos taken of condition. The patient information was sent to 3 U.S. board certified dermatologists, who provided diagnosis and treatment within 24 hours, which allowed the clinic physician sufficient time to review recommendations before patient follow-up. Patients would receive follow-up within 48 hours of initial visit. Diagnostic agreement, image quality, and user satisfaction were evaluated. IRB forms were submitted and clearance given. The data was analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics.
The primary findings were the types of dermatologic conditions, interobserver agreement, image quality, and patient and physician satisfaction. The findings of this study substantiate the need for dermatologic care, as approximately 1 out of every 5 patients of the JMA Clinic presented with a dermatologic condition. The majority of these patients were children or women in their late 20s and early 30s; many of whom had their condition for more than a year and most had not received prior therapy. The types of dermatologic conditions observed were typical of that seen at a dermatology clinic in the U.S., yet inclusive of tropical and regional differences. Dermatitis, infectious and pigmentary conditions were the most common presentations. The interobserver diagnostic agreement achieved was 78%, and improved when considering differential diagnoses. Image quality received high ratings. Patients and physicians recorded a high level of overall satisfaction. Physicians indicated improved knowledge of teledermatology.
Because of the unique environment and circumstances, the results are limited to the setting in which the study occurs. This project was a pilot study limited to 4 weeks of data collection and will be limited in significance by its duration and small sample size with respect to the conclusions that can be drawn about the prevalence and types of dermatologic conditions.
This study illustrates that teledermatology is a viable means of providing dermatologic care to those in an underserved area of Honduras, where a lack of or limited access to general healthcare or specialty dermatologic care exists. The data offers insights to draw conclusions and recommendations on the potential for similar models to be implemented in underserved areas throughout Honduras and other similar regions.Ph. D.