Journal articles on the topic 'Developing countries Medical care Economic aspects'
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Migliozzi, Daniel, and Thomas Guibentif. "Assessing the Potential Deployment of Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Developing Countries: Technological, Economic and Regulatory Aspects." Biosensors 8, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios8040119.
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Infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance are major burdens in developing countries, where very specific conditions impede the deployment of established medical infrastructures. Since biosensing devices are nowadays very common in developed countries, particularly in the field of diagnostics, they are at a stage of maturity at which other potential outcomes can be explored, especially on their possibilities for multiplexing and automation to reduce the time-to-results. However, the translation is far from being trivial. In order to understand the factors and barriers that can facilitate or hinder the application of biosensors in resource-limited settings, we analyze the context from several angles. First, the technology of the devices themselves has to be rethought to take into account the specific needs and the available means of these countries. For this, we describe the partition of a biosensor into its functional shells, which define the information flow from the analyte to the end-user, and by following this partition we assess the strengths and weaknesses of biosensing devices in view of their specific technological development and challenging deployment in low-resource environments. Then, we discuss the problem of cost reduction by pointing out transversal factors, such as throughput and cost of mistreatment, that need to be re-considered when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of biosensing devices. Beyond the technical landscape, the compliance with regulations is also a major aspect that is described with its link to the validation of the devices and to the acceptance from the local medical personnel. Finally, to learn from a successful case, we analyze a breakthrough inexpensive biosensor that is showing high potential with respect to many of the described aspects. We conclude by mentioning both some transversal benefits of deploying biosensors in developing countries, and the key factors that can drive such applications.
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Soundararajan, Pradeeba, and Muthuramu Poovathi. "Study of psychosocial aspects of unmarried pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170372.
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Background: Unmarried pregnancy is a major health and social problem in many developed as well as developing countries with unique medical and psychosocial consequences for the patient and society. The objective of this study was study the psychosocial aspects of unmarried pregnancy.Methods: Study was done over a period of one year. Data collected from 31 unmarried abortion seekers in a tertiary care Medical College hospital of Tamilnadu.Results: showed a strong association between unmarried adolescent pregnancy and lack of parental supervision and control , poor intra-family relationship , family problem , lack of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health ), and nonengagement of adolescent in any productive activity.Conclusions: Ignorance regarding sexuality and reproduction along with adventurous nature and poor negotiation skills predisposes unmarried girls for early sexual activity that may lead to various problems like unwanted pregnancy and STIs that may cause psycho-social-economic problems for the unmarried girl.
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Collinson, S. R., and T. H. Turner. "Not just salsa and cigars: mental health care in Cuba." Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 5 (May 2002): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.5.185.
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Given the marginal nature of psychiatry in terms of Western health priorities, it is always worth reviewing how countries with clearly different political systems treat their mentally ill. The 40-year economic embargo imposed by the USA on Cuba, the effects of which have been compounded by the hardships suffered during the ‘Special Period’ from 1989 onwards when the collapse of the Soviet Union left the island's economy in ruins (Pilling, 2001), is one of the most stringent of its kind. It prohibits the sale of food, and sharply restricts the sale of medicines and medical equipment, which, given the USA's pre-eminence in the pharmaceutical industry, effectively bars Cuba from purchasing nearly half of the new world class drugs on the market (Rojas Ochoa, 1997). Between 1989 and 1993, Cuba's gross domestic product fell by 35% and exports declined by 75% (Pan American Health Organisation, 1999). This has reduced the availability of resources and has adversely affected some health determinants and certain aspects of the population's health status. Despite this, however, Cuba has developed a system prioritised to primary and preventive care, with an infant mortality rate half that of the city of Washington, DC (World Health Organization & Pan American Health Organization, 1997; Casas et al, 2001). Furthermore, biotechnology and family medicine are being developed by Cuba as a human resource for other developing countries. Cuban medical schools also train physicians specifically for many developing countries around the world (Waitzkin et al, 1997).
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Gramatiuk, Svetlana Mykolaivna, Irina Yuriivna Bagmut, Michael Ivanivich Sheremet, Karine Sargsyan, Alla Mironovna Yushko, Serhii Mykolaevich Filipchenko, Vitaliy Vasilyevich Maksymyuk, Volodimir Volodimirovich Tarabanchuk, Petro Vasilyevich Moroz, and Andriy Ivanovich Popovich. "Pediatric biobanks and parents of disabled children associations opinions on establishing children repositories in developing countries." Journal of Medicine and Life 14, no. 1 (January 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2020-0106.
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Pediatric biobanks are an indispensable resource for the research needed to bring advances in personalized medicine into pediatric medical care. It is unclear how or when these advances in medical care may reach children, but it is unlikely that research in adults will be adequate. We conducted the screening for a hypothetic problem in various European and American pediatric biobanks based on online surveys through e-mail distribution based on the Biobank Economic Modeling Tool (BEMT) questionnaire model. Participants in the survey had work experience in biobanking for at least 3 years or more. Contact information about the survey participants was confirmed on the social networks profiles (LinkedIn), as well as on generally available websites. First, we tried creating a model which can show the pediatric preclinical and basic clinical phase relationship and demonstrate how pediatric biobanking is linked to this process. Furthermore, we tried to look for new trends, and the final goal is to put the acquired knowledge into practice, so medical experts and patients could gain usable benefit from it. We concluded that leading positions must take into account ethical and legal aspects when considering the decision to include children in the biobank collection. However, communication with parents and children is essential. The biobank characteristics influence the biobank's motives to include children in the consent procedure. Moreover, the motives to include children influence how the children are involved in the consent procedure and the extent to which children are able to make voluntary decisions as part of the consent procedure.
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Oynotkinova, Olga Sh, and Vera N. Larina. "Medical and social aspects of health security in the formation of public health." City Healthcare 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i3;67-76.
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Introduction. Monitoring of the health status of the population as a whole, assessment and analysis of the leading determinants of health, including genetic, behavioral, anthropogenic, biophysiological factors, represent one of the global functions of public health, focused on health protection and provision of medical services. To date, health disorders are primarily related to lifestyle and are always a collection of individual personalized health data. Unhealthy diet and low physical activity are risk factors for the development of a number of chronic non-communicable diseases, primarily cardiovascular, metabolic, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus and some types of cancer. These risk factors lead to early disability, a decrease in the quality and life expectancy of people, disability, as well as the health budget and the economy. So, if on average only 3 % of the health budget is spent on disease prevention programs, then about 7 % of the budget in the EU countries is spent on the treatment of obesity and turns into 2.8 % of world GDP. In this regard, the implementation of early preventive measures is characterized by favorable and positive results.
Purpose. Analyzes the role of unhealthy diet and low physical activity as key risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, especially in the population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods and materials. The characteristics of the presented studies included in the article cover international experience and analysis of the pilot study conducted on a population sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To assess the economic costs associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity, a general approach was used based on the analysis of individual diseases, in particular, type 2 diabetes mellitus, using population attributive fractions, regression method.
Results. Based on the data obtained, it follows that patients with an unhealthy diet and low physical activity, burdened with overweight or obesity, have a high five-year risk of developing new cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. This includes early disability and the economic costs of providing medical care. Using the example of a number of European countries and its own results, this study is focused on assessing the economic damage that is associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity among the population, regardless of the region of residence and the metropolis.
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Zaman, Sojib Bin, Naznin Hossain, Shad Ahammed, and Zubair Ahmed. "Contexts and Opportunities of e-Health Technology in Medical Care." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): AV1—AV4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/jmri.62.
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Keeping up with a sound health is a fundamental right for the human beings. It also acts as an indicator of the socio-economic development of a country. However, nowadays keeping sound health is challenging because of rapidly increasing non-communicable diseases. Concurrently, we are on the edge of very fast technological advancement which includes usage of cellular technology, high-speed internet and wireless communications. These technologies and their unique applications are creating lots of new dimensions in health care system which is known as e-Health. The medical call centers, emergency toll-free telephone services are being used in all over the world. The newly developed electronic health system can play a vital role in the remote regions of emerging and developing countries although sometimes it seems difficult due to the lack of communication infrastructure. E-Health can be a promising aspect for providing public health benefits if it integrates with the conventional medical system. More strategic approaches are necessary for the planning, development, and evaluation of e-Health. This article is written to depict the existing and future opportunities of e-Health in health support system.
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Buzuverova, O. O., V. K. Fedyaeva, and O. A. Sukhorukikh. "Developing clinical guidelines and assessing the quality of medical care using the RAND/UCLA method." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.4.327-332.
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Introduction. The RAND/UCLA system is commonly used in healthcare economics as it allows one to consider both the relevant scientific data and the opinion of leading experts for deciding on the specifics of medical care.Objective. To analyze the recommendations and practical aspects of the RAND/UCLA and the international experience in using this method; to analyze the feasibility of its application in the Russian Federation, including the basic documents regulating the national medical care.Materials and methods. We analyzed the information available in the RAND corporation website and the PubMed bibliographic database.Results. An analysis of the original information provided by the developers of the RAND/UCLA method showed that using this method involves several stages: selecting a subject to be further studied, reviewing the scientific literature on this subject, choosing the expert commission, and preparing documents for its work; the voting stage is followed by a voting results analysis. The international experience on the applications of the RAND/UCLA method in healthcare demonstrates the successful use of this method in different countries. The use of the RAND/UCLA method in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation can contribute to improving the quality of medical care and the rational use of healthcare resources.Discussion. Currently, the RAND/UCLA method is internationally used to develop clinical guidelines, criteria for assessing the quality of medical care, and feasibility of medical interventions.Concusion. In the Russian Federation, the application of the RAND/UCLA method can prove useful for developing clinical guidelines and related documentation.
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Greenberg, Peter L., Victor Gordeuk, Surapol Issaragrisil, Noppadol Siritanaratkul, Suthat Fucharoen, and Raul C. Ribeiro. "Major Hematologic Diseases in the Developing World— New Aspects of Diagnosis and Management of Thalassemia, Malarial Anemia, and Acute Leukemia." Hematology 2001, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2001.1.479.
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Abstract The three presentations in this session encompass clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of hematologic diseases which impact most heavily on developing world countries. Dr. Victor Gordeuk discusses new insights regarding the multi-faceted pathogenesis of anemia in the complicated malaria occurring in Africa. He describes recent investigations indicating the possible contribution of immune dysregulation to this serious complication and the implications of these findings for disease management. Dr. Surapol Issaragrisil and colleagues describe epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the thalassemic syndromes. In addition to being considered a major health problem in Southeast Asia, the migration throughout the world of people from this region has caused the disease to have global impact. A unique thalassemia variant, Hb Eβ-thalassemia, with distinctive clinical features, has particular relevance for this demographic issue. Special focus will be reported regarding recent prenatal molecular screening methods in Thailand which have proven useful for early disease detection and disease control strategies. Dr. Raul Ribeiro describes a clinical model for providing effective treatment for a complex malignancy (childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia) in countries with limited resources. With the multidisciplinary approach in Central American of the joint venture between St. Jude Children's Research Hospital International Outreach Program and indigenous health care personnel, major therapeutic advances for this disease have been achieved. Given the major demographic population shifts occurring worldwide, these illnesses also have important clinical implications globally. These contributions demonstrate that lessons learned within countries of disease prevalence aid our understanding and management of a number of disorders prominently seen in developed countries. They will show how effective partnerships between hematologists in more and less developed nations may work together to produce important advances for treating major hematologic diseases in less developed regions. A major focus relates to the socio-economic and medical burden of these diseases in developing countries with limited resources. As such, these problems provide a challenge and an opportunity for collaborative interaction between hematologists and policy makers worldwide.
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Sochinskaya, M. V. "Features of health insurance: an analysis of the German experience." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (December 22, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-195-203.
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The article examines the models of health insurance in Western countries. A comparative analysis of forms of social insurance and sources of financing payments for four models of medical insurance is carried out. The practical aspects of the functioning of compulsory health insurance in Germany are investigated, its positive features are revealed. Attention is paid to medical insurance, which provides insurance in case of loss of health for any reason. It provides greater accessibility, quality and completeness to meet the diverse needs of the population in the provision of medical services, and is more effective than government funding of the health care system. In addition, the social and economic efficiency of health insurance related to reimbursement of citizens' expenses related to receiving medical care, as well as other expenses aimed at maintaining health, depends on how comprehensively the concept of developing insurance medicine in the country has been worked out. The positive and negative aspects of health insurance are analyzed. The forms of health insurance are considered: compulsory health insurance and voluntary health insurance. It was found that one of the first countries where health insurance was introduced was Germany. There are two types of health insurance in Germany: public and private. Germany's state health insurance is compulsory. That is, every employee, as well as persons trained in production (Auszubildende), are subject to compulsory state health insurance and must be members of one of their freely chosen state health insurance funds. At the same time, if a person wishes to receive medical services that are not included in the list of compulsory health insurance, he can conclude a supplementary health insurance contract with the insurance company. Voluntary health insurance allows you to choose an inpatient medical institution and the conditions of stay in it, special services of a personal physician.
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Gonzalez Saez, Ruvislei. "Cuba – Asia y Oceanía: historical relations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-4-79-91.
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The countries of Asia and Oceania occupy a prominent place in Cuba’s foreign policy orientation, which is especially relevant today when the country is facing another strengthening of restrictions by the United States, as well as trying to overcome the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The author analyzes the history and potential of Cuba’s cooperation with Asia, which is the most dynamic region in the world economy, in order to demonstrate the level of existing interaction and the prospects of emerging opportunities. The article provides an overview of the process of Cuba’s establishing diplomatic relations with the countries of Asia and Oceania, reflecting on both the incentives and the difficulties that accompanied this dynamic. The author looks at different areas of cooperation with the countries of the region, including health care (exchange of medical professionals, support by sharing medical brigades, shipments of diagnostic equipment and medications), agriculture and food security, academic exchange, etc. Particular attention is paid to trade, where economic ties with key partners are examined, taking into account the structure of trade. In conclusion, the research stresses the essential importance of developing already consolidated and trending relations between Cuba and the Asia-Pacific region, both with its “giants” and with the smaller states. This thesis is also supported by political preconditions, in particular by the fact that, from the political perspective, the countries of the region have expressed support and agreement with Cuba in many bilateral and multilateral aspects, especially those related to the condemnation of the U.S. economic and financial embargo against Cuba.
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Wahyuni, Heni. "INFANT HEALTH PRODUCTION FUNCTION: ROLE OF PRENATAL CARE." Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business 30, no. 1 (September 16, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jieb.7335.
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This article reviews the economic concept of the health production function regarding the determinants of infant health and the results of previous empirical studies on the role of prenatal care in infant health production. The review will include a brief explanation about the health production function, followed by how the concept applies to infant health, explaining the derivation of the infant health production function, and finally the previous empirical studies on the role of prenatal care in infant health production. Grossman’s model on the demand for health and the framework of the infant health production function of Rosenzweig and Schultz explain that the following important factors will influence infant health and the demand for maternal medical care: age, wage/income, education, and knowledge. Furthermore, given that an infant inherits its health capital stock from its mother, there may be biological factors (e.g., a specific health endowment) that may be keys to determining infant health. In terms of the role of prenatal care, the review summaries that there is strong evidence that prenatal care does affect infant health. However, it is difficult to isolate the causal effect between the two without con-trolling for endogeneity, such as via a natural experiment. It is possible that there are unob-served heterogeneous factors of mothers that can affect prenatal care and infant health. Many studies have attempted to estimate the infant health production function, taking into account these selection biases. The merits and critiques of existing methods have also been discussed in the previously mentioned studies, which have mostly been conducted in relation to developed countries and have very rarely been conducted for the developing countries’ context. The find-ings of this review state that studies into this topic should consider many important aspects, such as selectivity bias, the determinants of infant health as stated in theory and previous empirical studies, and the need to use an appropriate measurement of adequate prenatal care, especially for the case of developing countries.Keywords: health production function, infant health production function, Grossman model, prenatal care
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Anderson, Gwen, and Mary Varney Rorty. "Key Points for Developing an International Declaration on Nursing, Human Rights, Human Genetics and Public Health Policy." Nursing Ethics 8, no. 3 (May 2001): 259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300100800310.
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Human rights legislation pertaining to applications of human genetic science is still lacking at an international level. Three international human rights documents now serve as guidelines for countries wishing to develop such legislation. These were drafted and adopted by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Human Genome Organization, and the Council of Europe. It is critically important that the international nursing community makes known its philosophy and practice-based knowledge relating to ethics and human rights, and contributes to the globalization of genetics. Nurses have particular expertise because they serve in a unique role at grass roots level to mediate between genetic science and its application to public health policies and medical interventions. As a result, nurses worldwide need to focus a constant eye on human rights ideals and interpret these within social, cultural, economic and political contexts at national and local levels. The purpose of this article is to clarify and legitimate the need for an international declaration on nursing, human rights, human genetics and public health policy. Because nurses around the world are the professional workforce by which genetic health care services and genetic research protocols will be delivered in the twenty-first century, members of the discipline of nursing need to think globally while acting locally. Above all other disciplines involved in genetics, nursing is in a good position to articulate an expanded theory of ethics beyond the principled approach of biomedical ethics. Nursing is sensitive to cultural diversity and community values; it is sympathetic to and can introduce an ethic of caring and relational ethics that listen to and accommodate the needs of local people and their requirements for public health.
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Perkhov, V. I., S. I. Kolesnikov, and E. V. Pesennikova. "Formation of public-private model in Russia health care organization." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.3.22.
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The pandemic of COVID-19, the threat of technogenic and anthropogenic character, brought to the foreground non-market aspects of the general, corporate branch culture and strategy in medicine and health care. Therefore, in many countries, despite differences in state and private property ratios in health infrastructure, the state priority is ensuring cooperation within the national health care system which capable quickly and well-coordinated work in the extremely dangerous epidemics conditions and other emergency situations. The purpose of this article is discussing a problem of public and private models of medical care organization in Russian health care system.Materials and methods. Content analysis methods, economical and statistical analysis, information and analytical materials of the Russian and foreign news agencies, a summary across Russia of Rosstat form No. 62 of the state statistical observation «Data on resource providing and on delivery of health care to the population» (legal entities - the medical organizations which are carrying out activity in the sphere of compulsory health insurance), analytical materials and statistical data of World Health Organization (The European portal of information of health care of WHO: https://gateway.euro.who.int/en/hfa-explorer/), statistical data and metadata on the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, https://stats.oecd.org/), the materials of monographic researches and periodicals including placed on the Internet were used in this article.Results: the system of compulsory health insurance is an ancestor of the program of the state guarantees of free medical care of in Russian citizens. The length of the text of this Program so far was increased in 130 times in comparison with initial edition of 1998. At the same time, there is still no clear delineation for the bases, volumes and conditions differentiation of free and paid medical care rendering. As a result, the major human right to free medical care remains not completely realized. The numbers of the non-state medical organizations to provide free of charge medical care to the population according to the policy of obligatory medical insurance (i.e. financed from the state sources) in the period of 2011 to 2019 – from 648 to 2423 organizations respectively were increased in Russia four times. This demonstrates the creation of the new, «integrated» model of health care in Russia in the mode of public and private partnership for deciding of social tasks. Although, free medical care for citizens in the private medical organizations is not mentioned in the Constitution of Russian Federation (Main Law). In emergency situations such integration allows private medical structures to involve capacities and also be coordinated with one of the tasks of the Ministry of health target program «Development of the Fundamental, Transmitting and Personalized Medicine».Conclusions. There is a formation of the integrated, public and private (hybrid) model of health care in modern Russia that needs developing of a new partnership and principles of management in the sphere of medical care organization. State policy in the health care financing sphere should be directed not only to the state guarantees of medical care specification, but also to a gap in social and economic inequality reduction. The social protection systems should be focused, first of all, on people who are most in great need of medical care. For the protecting population from catastrophic payments for medical care, it is necessary to bring the concept of the social standards - a number of the general rules, norms and standards which must guarantee the state ensuring constitutional rights of citizens to free medical care in the health care legislation.
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Bando, Hiroshi. "Clinical Management for Diabetes Associated with the Concept of Socioeconomic Status (SES)." Journal of Health Care and Research 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2021/hcr.6195.
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Diabetes mellitus has become a medical and social problem. For better diabetic management and improvement of the health care system, the concept of social determinants of health (SDOH) and socioeconomic status (SES) would be required. SES includes adequate diabetes care, medical cost, health condition, and regular access to care and cure. World Health Organization (WHO) has continued the prevention and management of diabetes and proposed the Global Diabetes Compact in last 2020 [1]. The purpose of the Compact includes several items, such as i) to leverage present capacities in the healthcare system, ii) to meet people’s needs more holistic way, iii) to promote efforts to prevent diabetes especially the young generation, and others. A successful key would be the combined action among public, private, and philanthropic associations. Diabetes mellitus has been a growing medical and social problem in all countries and districts worldwide [2]. The socio economic gradient for diabetic prevalence is shown in high income countries [3]. Further, this gradient seems to be continued for a long despite the improvement of the health care system in those countries [4,5]. In this paper, we describe the social determinants of health (SDOH) and socioeconomic status (SES), among other axes of symmetry for diabetes. In medical practice and health care, population based and value based care have been emphasized. Then, the concept of social determinants of health (SDOH) has been gradually known for an intervention target for estimating health equity [6]. Recently, some comments for SDOH were proposed from medical associations, such as the Society of General Internal Medicine, the American College of Physicians, and other organizations [7]. Moreover, the action perspectives tend to focus on the determinants for individuals and policy [8,9]. In diabetic practice, some basic matters exist including prevalence, incidence, adequate therapy, and economic problems [10]. ADA presented a comment about socio ecological determinants of diabetes. Successively, ADA had an advanced health improvement project for the diabetes writing committee. It has the goal of clarifying diabetic risk and outcomes, academic literature for SDOH [11]. From previous literature, SDOH covers certain areas as follows [6]: i) social context (social support, relationship, and capital, social relationship), ii) health care (quality, accessibility, affordability), iii) local and physical circumstance (residence condition, building environment), iv) food environment (insecurity for food, accessibility for food) and v) socio economic condition (occupation, education, income). According to academic reports, the health disparities for diabetes have been present in the light of adverse influence [12]. Social and environmental factors have been summarized as SDOH in WHO [13]. Among them, social environments seem to be rather main factors. They include societal and community context [14], social capital, social cohesion, and social elements [15]. Health care has been found as an SDOH in the Healthy People 2020, WHO, County health rankings models, associated with accessible factors. WHO regards the health system as one of the SDOH which can give a message of determinants of several health outcomes [15]. On the other hand, it is socioeconomic status (SES) that may influence all related aspects of diabetic treatment in the clinical practice [16]. Actually, lower SES diabetic cases are likely to have some barriers to adequate diabetes care, including medical cost, unsatisfactory health condition, and regular access to care and cure [17]. SES has revealed the multidimensional construct, associated with the occupational, economic, and educational situation [18]. SES has been related to all factors of SDOH [13]. They include medical care, health care, nutrition, social resources, housing, transportation, and so on. The factors of SES and diabetes were investigated for observational studies [19]. It included 28 investigations including diabetic complications, retinopathy, cardiopathy, and others. In summary, SDOH and SES concerning diabetes were introduced. This information will be hopefully useful for developing a bio psycho social perspective in clinical practice.
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Noor, Kazi Farhana, Farida Yasmin, Rupasree Biswas, Moumita Tripura Mumu, and Uma Dev. "Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Ruptured Uterus in A Tertiary Hospital." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 17, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v17i1.39438.
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Background: Ruptured uterus is an obstetric emergency, carrying increased risk of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity especially in the developing countries. To determine the various aspects such as antecedent factors, clinical profile, management, outcome of ruptured uterus in a tertiary hospital.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, from January 2010 to December 2010. 70 consecutive admitted patients during this period was taken in this study.
Results: During study period total 13635 obstetric patients were admitted and among them 70 cases were of ruptured uterus which gives an incidence of 0.5%. 92.85% of the women were multiparous. 77% patient did not have any antenatal care. 81% were illiterate and 82% belong to low socio-economic class. Common risk factors were mal-handling of labor by untrained dai (44%) cephalopelvic disproportion (35%) previous caesarean scar (34.28%) shoulder presentation 15%, abused of oxytocic drug (14%). Shock and sepsis were the prominent presenting features. In most cases, the tear was in the lower segment and in 54 patients (80%) the tear was complete. 25 (37%) patients had sub-total hysterectomy, 22 had repair and 13 (19.4%) had total hysterectomy. Maternal and fetal mortality rate was 11.42% and 88.5% respectively.
Conclusion: A high incidence (1 in 195) of ruptured uterus mainly because of inadequate natal and intranatal care, high parity, mismanagement of labor, Low socio-economic condition and illiteracy.
Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (1); Jan 2018; Page 29-33
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Borowska, Mariola, Urszula Religioni, and Anna Augustynowicz. "Patients’ Opinions on the Quality of Services in Hospital Wards in Poland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010412.
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Introduction: Patient opinion surveys have become a widely used method for assessing key aspects of the functioning of medical facilities and, thus, of the functioning of the entire health care system. They are a prerequisite for developing patient-centered care and an essential component of quality improvement programs. In many countries, including Poland, patient opinion surveys are written into the accreditation standards of medical institutions. Patient’s readiness to recommend a hospital is a recognized indicator of the quality of patient-centered care. In a report on strategies for improving the quality of health care in Europe published in 2019 by WHO and the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development), patient’s readiness to recommend a hospital was cited as one of the basic indicators of ‘patient centeredness’ along with patient satisfaction. Therefore, as well consideration of the quality of medical care, a patient recommendation index was also used in the study presented in this paper. The index was based on the answers to questions about the patient’s readiness to recommend a hospital ward to family and friends. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate patients’ opinions on the quality of services in particular hospital wards. A patient opinion survey can be used to improve the quality of services and monitor the effects of health-related activities, identify areas that need improvement, motivate medical staff and prevent their burnout, build a trusting relationship with patients, and compare the quality of health care in various facilities. Material and methods: The study was carried out in March 2022. The patient opinion survey was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview). The sample selection was purposive. The respondents were patients with a history of hospitalization. The sample selection used an algorithm for the random selection of patients who met the criteria for the sample. The inclusion criterion was hospitalization in the 12 months prior to the study. A standardized questionnaire was used that was aimed at the assessment of the quality of medical care and the patient’s rights to information. Additionally, the survey contained questions about the demographic characteristics of the respondents. Results: A total of 38% of patients with a history of hospitalization expressed criticisms. The majority of statistically significant differences were observed when differentiating respondents according to age. Elderly persons significantly more often declared having been treated with respect and interest. They also rated more highly the meals served in the hospital, effective pain treatment, and respect for the patient’s dignity and intimacy during diagnosis and treatment. Younger persons assessed all these aspects of hospitalization less favorably. Conclusions: Variables including age and the level of income had a statistically significant influence on the opinion of the respondents. Elderly persons assessed most aspects of the quality of care in a hospital ward more favorably. There were a similar number of “promoters” (36%) and “detractors” (38%) of the quality of hospital services. Detractors mainly pointed to long waiting times for hospital admission, the poor quality of medical and nursing care, and unappealing meals. The promoters emphasized the high quality of medical and nursing care and the favorable conditions of the accommodation. Regular patient satisfaction surveys are helpful in identifying areas in which the functioning of a medical entity requires changes.
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Candrawati, Ni Wayan. "Respiratory Travel Medicine." Jurnal Respirasi 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jr.v8-i.3.2022.169-177.
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International tourist arrivals continue to increase over time due to global economic growth, increasing middle class in developing countries, technological advances, innovative business concepts, cost-effective travel, and facilitation of visas. The increase in tourist visits has resulted in health problems due to the trips. Respiratory tract infections are the main reason tourists seek medical care. Respiratory infections occur in 20% of all tourists, almost the same as the incidence of diarrhea. The majority of international inbound tourism involved air travel. Though physiological changes happen in everyone while air travel, people with lung disease are at high risk for significant complications and necessitate a specific risk assessment strategy. A pre-flight evaluation is conducted if there is any uncertainty regarding the patient's fitness for flight and the effect of eligibility to fly. This literature review summarized the important aspect of travel medicine from the respiratory medicine point of view.
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Gruzieva, Tetiana S., Nataliia V. Hrechyshkina, Mykhаilo D. Diachuk, and Vasyl A. Dufynets. "REDUCING HEALTH INEQUALITIES AS A COMPONENT OF THE HEALTH TRAINING PROGRAMS." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 5 (2020): 937–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202005118.
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The aim: identifying the characteristics and trends of inequalities in the health of the population to substantiate the educational content of the curriculum for the training of Master in Public Health. Materials and methods: Bibliographic, sociological, medical-statistical and information-analytical methods were used in the study. Ukraine’s healthcare institutions were the scientific base of the study. The data on the average life expectancy, morbidity, mortality, satisfaction of medical needs of different groups of the population for revealing the social gradient are analyzed. Documents on strategies to reduce health inequalities have been examined. Results: Health inequalities between WHO countries have been identified, including a difference in the average life expectancy at birth of 17.1 years in premature mortality due to differences in the levels of economic development of countries. The inequality in the prevalence of diseases and the difference in the satisfaction of specific medical needs among the first and tenth decile population of Ukraine were determined. The prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system in the population older than 60 years with low rates by 27.3% was higher than the figure among financially insured persons. The incidence of ocular pathology among adults with different income levels varied 1.8 times. The provisions of the WHO strategic documents on reducing health inequalities and its protection and on developing the public health system are analyzed. We justify the necessity of expanding the coverage of the problems of reducing disparities in health and health care in the course of training of the Master in Public Health. A modern curriculum “Social Medicine, Public Health” has been developed with the inclusion of inequalities in public health and appropriate educational and methodological support. Conclusion: The strategic goal of reducing inequalities in public health and its care requires integrating these issues into a modern master’s in public health program. The curriculum developed covers various aspects of health inequalities and health care, including the identification and assessment of disparities, the clarification of causes, the identification of counter-measures. Created educational and methodological support allows acquiring theoretical knowledge and practical skills that form the necessary competencies of professionals in the context of overcoming inequalities in health.
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Kise Hjertstrøm, Helle, Aud Obstfelder, and Bente Norbye. "Making New Health Services Work: Nurse Leaders as Facilitators of Service Development in Rural Emergency Services." Healthcare 6, no. 4 (October 27, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare6040128.
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Nurse leaders in middle management positions in Norway and other Western countries perform additional new tasks due to high demands for quality and efficacy in healthcare services. These nurses are increasingly becoming responsible for service development and innovation in addition to their traditional leadership and management roles. This article analyses two Norwegian nurse leaders efforts in developing an emergency service in rural municipal healthcare. The analysis applies an ethnographic approach to the data collection by combining interviews with the nurse leaders with observations and interviews with six nurses in the emergency service. The primary theoretical concepts used to support the analysis include “organizing work” and “articulation work”. The results show that in the development of an existing emergency room service, the nurse leaders drew upon their experience as clinical nurses and leaders in various middle management positions in rural community healthcare. Due to their local knowledge and experience, the nurses were able to mobilize and facilitate cooperation among relevant actors in the community and negotiate for resources required for emergency medical equipment, professional development, and staffing to perform emergency care within the rural healthcare context. Due to their distinctive professional and organizational competency and experience, the nurse leaders were well equipped to play a key role in developing services. While mobilizing actors and negotiating for resources, the nurses creatively balanced these two aspects of nursing work to develop the service in accordance to their expectation of providing the highest quality of nursing care to their patients. The nurse leaders balanced their professional ambitions for the service with legal directives, economic incentives, and budgets. Throughout the development process, the nurses carefully combined value-based and goal-based management concerns. In contrast, other studies investigating nursing management and leadership have described that these orientations are in opposition to each other. This study shows that nurses leading the processes of change in rural communities manage the change process by combining the professional and organizational domains of the services.
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Rezayee, Maqsood. "Hospital Site Selection in Iskandar Malaysia using GIS-Multi Criteria Analysis." International Journal of Basic Sciences and Applied Computing 2, no. 10 (February 20, 2020): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijbsac.k0159.0221020.
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Hospital is one of the most important and beneficial public services in the world, therefore, these facilities should be located in a rational manner. Increasing the population of countries particularly developing countries and remote areas leads to the demand for new public health facilities and hospitals. No matter who provides the healthcare facilities, the most important issue is where to locate a new hospital to provide, both facility location and attractiveness. Hospital proper site selection has a vital role in hospital construction and management. From the aspect of the government and healthcare organization, appropriate hospital site selection will help optimize the allocation of medical resources, matching the provision of health care with the social and economic demands. From the aspect of the investors and operators of the hospital, optimum hospital site selection will definitely be cost-saving on capital strategy. On the other hand, establishing a hospital in urban districts has its own positive and negative consequences. The positive impacts of establishing a hospital in an area are that it increases property value in the neighboring periphery as well as improving healthrelated accessibility for the residents of that urban district. The negative impacts of establishing a hospital in an area are negative side-effects such as environmental contamination and inducing new waves of traffic flow. Then, the adjacent community is impacted by forms of increased traffic flow, increased emergency vehicle usage in residential areas. Therefore, in hospital site selection should be tried to reduce the negative impacts. Then, main aim of this paper is to select a site for the building of a new hospital in Iskandar Malaysia using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) with consideration of various factor criteria, and constraint criteria in order to balance the medical resource there.
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Shibalkov, Ivan P., Irina A. Pavlova, Olga P. Nedospasova, and Ekaterina K. Tagina. "Systematization of Socioeconomic Factors that Determine Health Inequality: A Literature Review." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/12.
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Academic and expert community is continuously researching all aspects of inequality. However, problems of inequality in healthcare (due to objective circumstances (ethnicity, gender, etc.) and settings in which people are born, grow up, work, and age) have been studied to a lesser extent. The study aims to summarize and analyze literature on the identification and systematization of socioeconomic factors affecting inequality in health on individual and population levels. Health factors are primarily determined by a person's socioeconomic position (SEP), including education, income, and occupation. Socio-economic factors that determine inequality in health are all factors that affect the absolute and relative (relative to other members of the society in which the individual lives) social and economic situation of a person. In addition to them, the analysis includes institutions that potentially influence a person's health: a person, at their own free will or in connection with established norms, interacts with these institutions regularly during their life. A literature review using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Russian Science Citation Index databases was carried out. The search depth by the time parameter had no restrictions. The keywords “socioeconomic status”, “socioeconomic position”, “inequality in health”, “health factors” were used to analyze more than 350 publications. The analysis allowed us to divide socioeconomic factors into the following categories and subcategories related to education (level of education of a person, level of education of a partner, gender differences in education, medical awareness), welfare and financial security (level of income, income inequality in society, macroeconomic parameters), employment and labor relations (nature and conditions of work, support of employment by the state), environmental factors (ecology and climate, physical habitat, social environment, health care). The factors are also systematized according to the levels of influence: individual level (micro-level), a person's inner circle (meso-level), and society as a whole (macro-level). The study identifies the relationship between various aspects of a person's SEP and their health for the majority of the factor groups for both developed and developing countries. The study results amend and strengthen arguments confirming the importance of the effective functioning of institutions responsible for the health of the population and explain their institutional roles for improving the quality of life and well-being of citizens throughout their life trajectories. In this regard, a systematic study of the factors that determine inequality in health creates conditions for improving the quality of the institutional framework and substantiating the effectiveness of measures aimed at minimizing inequality in health at the micro-, meso-, macro-levels for increasing the well-being of the entire socioeconomic system.
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Yeh, Albert C., Mohiuddin Ahmed Khan, Sabrina Khan, Jason Harlow, Akhil Biswas, Mafruha Akter, Jannatul Ferdous, et al. "Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in the Resource-Limited Setting: Establishing the First Bone Marrow Transplant Unit in Bangladesh and Initial Outcomes." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2384.2384.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION While hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has become the standard of care for many patients in developed countries, the significant economic investment, infrastructure, and healthcare provider training that are required have impeded widespread implementation in resource-constrained settings. We describe our experience in developing a transplant program at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) in Bangladesh via a partnership with health care providers at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH). In 2011, the Minister of Health determined that there was a need for a transplant program in Bangaladesh. The Bangladesh government and AK Khan Healthcare trust, an interested non-governmental organization, provided funding for the endeavor. We discuss four key aspects of the program, including: (1) formalizing of a collaborative partnership; (2) infrastructure development; (3) human resource capacity building and implementation of the concept of clinical teamwork; and (4) financial considerations. We also present the results of our first 21 autologous transplants. METHODS To codify the scope and scale of the collaboration, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed between the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and MGH. The DMCH transplantation unit was built on the top floor of a new building and includes 5 patient rooms, an apheresis area, hematopathology and general hematology labs, as well as rooms for patients with hematologic malignancies who are not currently undergoing transplantation. Three hematologists, two apheresis technicians, one lab technician, and one pharmacist from DMCH participated in an exchange program during which they each spent 2-3 months at MGH observing transplantation practices. Additionally, several physicians, nurses and technologists from MGH traveled to Bangladesh and spent several weeks training DMCH staff. Physicians training was provided in diagnostics, peripheral blood stem cell collection, transfusion medicine, and management of complications. In order to elevate the clinical competencies and professional status of the nurses in the DMCH HSCT unit, a comprehensive curriculum for the care of HSCT patients was developed by nurses and nurse practitioners at MGH and the Simmons College School of Nursing and Health Sciences. RESULTS The first autologous stem cell transplant was performed on March 10, 2014. As of May 2016, twenty-one patients (age range 18-58) have undergone autologous transplants at DMCH. We have treated eleven patients with myeloma, four with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, four with Hodgkin's lymphoma, one with acute myelogenous leukemia, and one with peripheral T cell lymphoma. Conditioning regimens used included melphalan (11), BEAM (9), and Bu/Cy (1). Engraftment occurred in all patients (range 9-16 days). There were ten documented infections, including seven cases of bacteremia, two C. difficileinfections, and one case of pneumonia. There have been no transplant-related deaths to date. Five patients have relapsed (ranging from day 213 to 598), and the patient with the longest disease-free survival is now 639 days out from transplantation. DISCUSSION We attribute the program's ability to perform its first transplants successfully within 3 years of conception not only to the available financial support but also to the logistical and personnel support that collaboration with an established transplant center provided. A major goal of the current program is ultimately to establish a transplant center capable of performing allogeneic stem cell transplantation, which would enable treatment of patients with thalassemia, the most common genetic disorder in the country, and one which imposes a substantial burden on the national economy. We hope that our experience will encourage more partnerships and collaborations between transplant programs in developed countries and those countries that currently lack expertise but could benefit from having this therapeutic modality available. Disclosures Attar: Agios: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Johnson, Melissa R. "Global Perspectives of Developmental Care – Belize." Developmental Observer 12, no. 2 (September 20, 2019): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/do.v12i2.27854.
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Of all the advances in neonatology in the past several decades, developmentally supportive, family-centered care is arguably one of the most powerful tools for improving outcomes in countries with limited economic resources. Developmental care does not require expensive technology, and rather it is based on sensitive observation, responsive hands-on care, and strengthening relationships among infants, families and caregivers. While some aspects of the highest quality, Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP) based developmental care can be relatively costly (for example, single-room NICU design including family accommodations), resourceful and adaptive planners in developing countries are no strangers to finding creative solutions to such challenges. We have only to look at the history of kangaroo care to see strong proof of this concept, as countries as diverse as Colombia, South Africa and Argentina have led the way in developing and implementing this critical strategy.
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Zadvornaya, O. L., Yu E. Voskanyan, I. B. Shikina, and K. N. Borisov. "Socio-economic aspects of medical errors and their consequences in medical organizations." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 10, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2019.10.1.99-113.
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Medical errors and adverse events are a global problem of strategic importance, accompanied by economic costs that impose a burden on the health care system, the country's economy and society as a whole. The article presents the results of a review of world experience in developing approaches to assessing the safety of medical care in medical organizations, systematization and analysis of factors affecting the patient safety.Purpose: the purpose of the article is to study and assess the risks associated with medical errors and adverse events in the activities of medical organizations that affect the patient safety in order to reduce the loss of public health, improve the system of identification and monitoring of risk indicators that affect the safety of medical care.Methods: the method of rapid assessment and content analysis of published evidence, including who experience in safety of medical care, was used to highlight the issue. The methodology of functional benchmarking, which included the collection and analysis of the necessary information, the choice of individual functions, processes, methods of work of medical organizations working in similar conditions, was used in the study.Results: the approaches allowing to predict occurrence and development of risks in ensuring safety of medical care, reduction of losses of public health and social and economic costs of the state are considered and offered.Conclusions and Relevance: the materials presented in the article show that safety is a fundamental principle of providing medical services to patients and a critical component of the quality management system of medical care. To reduce the loss of public health, direct and indirect socio-economic costs of the state, comprehensive efforts are needed to reduce the risks that threaten the patient safety and improve the activities of medical organizations.
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Gracey, Michael. "Gastrointestinal Aspects of Malnutrition in Children." Paediatrica Indonesiana 28, no. 3-4 (July 25, 2019): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi28.3-4.1988.85-96.
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Throughout history mankind has suffered many scourges. In many parts of the world improvements in living standards, hygiene, nutrition, medical care and preventive public health programmes have made many of these infectious , diseases things of the past. However, in the so called "developing" countries, diarrhoeal diseases of infancy and childhood are still major problems which cause many millions of deaths each year (Mata, 1985).
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Wake, D. J., and W. A. M. Cutting. "Blood Transfusion in Developing Countries: Problems, Priorities and Practicalities." Tropical Doctor 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559802800104.
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The acute medical services could not exist without blood transfusions—life-savers in many situations. But transfusions can also be a quick and easy route for the transmission of infectious agents such as HIV, HBV, HCV and malaria. Infection through blood supply is a major issue in all countries but particularly in those with economic constraints which limit safety. This study was carried out in India (March—May 1997) and involved centres in Delhi, Calcutta and Vellore. It examined many aspects of blood transfusion including donor screening, use of professional donors, blood testing and criteria for blood use1. The many problems in Indian blood transfusion services are mirrored in other countries. Here we examine the problems, priorities and practicalities of blood transfusion particularly in developing countries.
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Plianbangchang, Samlee. "A view on medical care globalization and medical tourism." Journal of Health Research 32, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-11-2017-008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to disseminate among concerned professionals its certain operational aspects, including some possible implications on health and medical care practices. Design/methodology/approach It is written on the basis of the author’s special study of a diverse source of information, as well as on author’s practical experience and observation in this particular area. Findings Special attention is paid to possible public health impacts within a broad social and economic framework, as well as to its impacts on the existing national health care systems in countries, that would possibly lead to certain degree of inequity in health at national level as an important consequence of health development progress. Originality/value Knowledge and understanding gained from this paper might be useful in the efforts to develop and manage national health care systems to ensure a reasonable balance in health status of people of all groups.
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Tretyakova, Ekaterina P. "Legal Aspects of Telemedicine." Digital Law Journal 1, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.38044/2686-9136-2020-1-2-53-66.
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Although distance medicine has been actively developing worldwide over the past 20 years, no universal mechanism of legislation has been developed across foreign countries to achieve main goals of tele-health services: convenience, effectiveness, and accessibility.The need to improve states’ healthcare systems has increased after dealing with the challenges that the world faced in 2020. While organizing the fight against the spread of the coronavirus infection, a number of countries invoked telemedicine technologies. The experience of using e-health in difficult epidemiological situations should be perceived by states as positive and thus incorporated when preparing legislative changes aimed at improving the regulation of telemedicine.States should act jointly in relation to the development of remote medical care technologies. This will help to build up experience and knowledge that can be used in the future when transforming telemedical assistance into cross-border practice, including the adoption of international acts.Telemedicine should be regulated comprehensively, instigating legal regulations for such issues as medical care provision, digital technologies, medical insurance aspects, licensing, and the protection of personal data. As for theRussian Federation, the remote medicine care model implemented in the country is incomplete due to the inability to diagnose diseases remotely. Such a restriction entails the appearance of a number of questions in other areas: the responsibility of the doctor, the possibilities of cross-border medicine, or insurance compensation issues.The purpose of the article is to describe the legal regulation of telemedicine technologies in theRussian Federation, comparing Russian regulation with American experiences, and analyzing the main approaches taken by foreign researchers.
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Hayes-Bautista, David E., and Meredith Minkler. "Medical Modernization: A Macro Level Conceptualization of Medical Care Programs." La prise en charge communautaire de la santé, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1034840ar.
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The authors seek to conceptualize the assumptions underlying the theoretical models of medical modernization. They note that the implantation of a rational and scientific health care system has often meant simply copying western models. The application of medical modernization models is examined in relation to marginal and disadvantaged groups in the United States as well as developing countries. The authors attempt to identify the general characteristics of these programmes and to evaluate the outcomes. The main outcomes of the transplantation of this model are seen as: For the purposes of comparison, the authors briefly examine another model which they term "health development". This models indicates that a general improvement in the health of the population depends as much on economic, political, ideological and technological factors as health care itself. Drawing on examples from China and Cuba, the authors note the importance of a more equitable distribution of goods, power and participation in the process of improving health. They conclude by stressing the necessity to carefully wegh the effects of importing modern medical practices.
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Hrytsenko, Кostiantyn, Avhusta Hrytsenko, and Anna Mogilina. "ASSESSING EFFICIENCY OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM FUNCTIONING." Economic Analysis, no. 31(4) (2021): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2021.04.005.
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Introduction. Effective health systems make a significant contribution to the economic growth and sustainable development of each country. It is impossible to solve the problems related to the financing of the health care system without assessing its efficiency. Research and implementation of the main directions of improving the efficiency of the health care system involves improving the mechanisms of its assesment. The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical and practical aspects of assessing the health care systems efficiency of the regional European group of countries with economies in transition and developing economies, generalization of existing problems and identification of ways to improve the efficiency of health care systems in these countries, modeling public expenses on health care. Methodology. To achieve this goal, a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on the research topic was used, method of theoretical generalization – to form a group of key indicators of the health care system, correlation-regression analysis – to build the relationship between public health expenditures per capita and the main indicators of the health care system functioning, cluster analysis – to identify countries with similar health care problems, stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) – to build a ranking of the efficiency of health systems in the countries of the regional European group of countries with economies in transition and emerging economies, panel data model with fixed effects – to identify the impact of local budget revenues on the volume of planned local budget expenditures on health care and the amount of payment from the National Health Service of Ukraine to health care providers. Results. The article reveals the issue of assessing the efficiency of the health care system on the example of a regional European group of countries with economies in transition and developing economies. The article summarizes the main problems related to public funding of health care in Ukraine.
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Unger, Jean-Pierre, Monique Van Dormael, Bart Criel, Jean Van der Vennet, and Paul De Munck. "A PLEA for an Initiative to Strengthen Family Medicine in Public Health Care Services of Developing Countries." International Journal of Health Services 32, no. 4 (October 2002): 799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fn20-agdq-gycp-p8r6.
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An analysis of standards for the best practice of family medicine in Northern European countries provides a framework for identifying the difficulties and deficiencies in the health services of developing countries, and offers strategies and criteria for improving primary health care practice. Besides well-documented socioeconomic and political problems, poor quality of care is an important factor in the weaknesses of health services. In particular, a patient-centered perspective in primary care practice is barely reflected in the medical curriculum of developing countries. Instead, public sector general practitioners are required to concentrate on preventive programs that tackle a few well-defined diseases and that tend to be dominated by quantitative objectives, at the expense of individually tailored prevention and treatment. Reasons for this include training oriented to hospital medicine and aspects of GPs' social status and health care organization that have undermined motivation and restricted change. A range of strategies is urgently required, including training to improve both clinical skills and aspects of the doctor-patient interaction. More effective government health policies are also needed. Co-operation agencies can contribute by granting political protection to public health centers and working to orient the care delivered at this level toward patient-centered medicine.
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Ile, Florența Larisa, and Gabriela Țigu. "Medical tourism market trends - an exploratory research." Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence 11, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 1111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/picbe-2017-0114.
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Abstract Medical tourism is a modern concept, but not a new tourism practice. Even there is still no international consent on the definitions and measurement of this trend, its importance in the development of a tourism destination started to be taken into consideration. In accordance with tourism segment classification depending on journey reasons recommended by World Tourism Organization, one of the main groups is for “medical treatment/health”. Being part of health tourism, medical tourism is often called medical travel because it includes the act of travelling to different countries for medical reasons. An increasing significant element in medical service trade is patient circulation at cross-border level with a view to obtaining necessary health services; this circulation generated a new phenomenon, namely medical tourism. Studying the scientific literature we find new medical tourism trends in connection with globalization and liberalization. The countries that decided to promote this niche tourism are aware of the huge economic benefits brought by this. Analyzing published data by tourism medical organizations associated to indicators of economic development, we find two aspects: the success of a medical tourism destination is influenced by the economical level of the receiving countries, but, at the same time, it is also a growth factor for developing economies if it is included in their national strategy. We intend to find the answer of several questions: trends in medical tourism development are involving only medical service trade, or a combination of specific activities of many sectors? Is the medical tourism acting in favor of developing economies? This study aims to notice the development trends of the medical tourism based on the published figures and on the experience of major destinations and to highlight the importance of the medical tourism for the developing economies.
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Sato Kan, Hiroshi. "Sociology of precondition for Japanese Miracle." Impact 2021, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.4.38.
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In Japan, World War II was followed by a period of reconstruction and economic growth known as 'the Japanese Miracle'. Although the economic aspects of the nation's recovery are known, there is little emphasis placed on the social development efforts that facilitated this. Professor Hiroshi Sato, Chief Senior Researcher, Institute of Developing Economies; Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), believes that social development policies are the precursor to economic growth and pave the way for social change. He is collaborating with other leading researchers on a range of projects to explore the links between social development and economic growth in developing countries. Sato is collaborating with: Professor Kazuko Tatsumi, Fukuoka University to investigate the rural livelihood improvement movement in post-war Japan; Professor Mariko Sakamoto, Aichi Medical University to explore the impact of Occupation policy on public health; and Associate Professor Mayuko Sano, Fukuoka Prefectural University to investigate the history of coal mining town Tagawa city. Sato believes that the rapid economic growth of developing countries without prior social development is unsustainable and widens the gap between rich and poor, with the distribution of wealth becoming unfairly biased towards the rich.
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Gulati, Sheffali, Rahul Sinha, and Priyanka Madaan. "Ethical, Social, and Economic Challenges in Managing a Child with Dravet Syndrome in a Developing Country." Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 9, no. 03 (July 15, 2020): 094–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714065.
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AbstractEpilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder with a significant impact on sociocultural and economic aspects. The management of epilepsy in low-middle income countries (LMICs) is influenced by many factors such as disease burden, poverty, educational status, the reflection of the disease as a social stigma, diverse religious beliefs, and treatment expense. Despite the improvement in educational and social parameters, the stigmatization of the disease is still evident in many LMICs. The associated comorbidities and neurodevelopmental disorders further add to the cost and stigmatization. The pediatric neurologists/epileptologists in LMICs are encountered by distinctive ethical, social, and economic dilemmas during the patient care and management of epilepsy. This article discusses the various ethical dilemmas in a child with Dravet syndrome in a developing country.
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Yeh, Albert C., Mohiuddin A. Khan, Jason Harlow, Akhil R. Biswas, Mafruha Akter, Jannatul Ferdous, Tasneem Ara, et al. "Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Resource-Limited Setting: Establishing the First Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit in Bangladesh." Journal of Global Oncology, no. 4 (December 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.006460.
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Purpose Treatment of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases with hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) was first described almost 60 years ago, and its use has expanded significantly over the last 20 years. Whereas HSCT has become the standard of care for many patients in developed countries, the significant economic investment, infrastructure, and health care provider training that are required to provide such a service have prohibited it from being widely adopted, particularly in developing countries. Methods Over the past two decades, however, efforts to bring HSCT to the developing world have increased, and several institutions have described their efforts to establish such a program. We aim to provide an overview of the current challenges and applications of HSCT in developing countries as well as to describe our experience in developing an HSCT program at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital in Bangladesh via a partnership with health care providers at Massachusetts General Hospital. Results and Conclusion We discuss key steps of the program, including the formation of a collaborative partnership, infrastructure development, human resource capacity building, and financial considerations.
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Dangor, Faheem, Gijsbert Hoogendoorn, and Raeesa Moolla. "Medical tourism by Indian-South Africans to India: an exploratory investigation." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 29, no. 29 (September 1, 2015): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0022.
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Abstract Medical tourism is a well-established sector in developing countries, and attracts a significant number of tourists from developed countries. Medical tourism is a strong driver of economic growth, but some argue that this kind of tourism promotes inequality in terms of access to healthcare facilities in both developing and developed countries. Whilst research has been conducted on medical tourists travelling to South Africa, no research has focused on the geography of South Africans travelling abroad for medical tourist activities. This study therefore sought to obtain first-hand information from Indian-South African citizens who have partaken in medical tourism in India. Data was gathered through personal, semi-structured interviews conducted with 54 individuals. It was ascertained that the majority of the individuals interviewed in this study travelled to India primarily for medical treatment, while tourist activities were a secondary objective. A smaller proportion of interviewees travelled to India for vacation, with medical care being a secondary motivation, or an impulse due to the low cost of treatment and convenience. Medical tourism by Indian-South Africans travelling to India highlights various shortfalls in South African medical care, including a lack of treatment availability, a poorer quality of service, medical expertise abroad, and the higher cost incurred locally.
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Paal, Piret, Anne Müller, Woukelyne Gil, Gil Goldzweig, and Frank Elsner. "Nurturing Socioculturally and Medically Appropriate Palliative Care Delivery: Lessons Learned by Israeli Medical Faculty." Journal of Religion and Health 61, no. 2 (March 9, 2022): 1469–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-022-01522-8.
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AbstractIsrael is one of the few countries worldwide with a national policy and defined standards of palliative care (PC); its culture is highly diverse and more traditionally oriented in comparison with Western countries. This study describes the current state of PC in Israel through examination of: (1) its current status, self-image and structural factors; (2) its relation to cultural and political characteristics; and (3) the chances, goals and obstacles of advancing PC in Israel. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at all five public medical faculties in Israel from November 2017 to February 2018. The following findings are reported: (1) definition of palliative care, (2) multidisciplinary approach, (3) special role of nurses, (4) personal perceptions of death, (5) understanding the role of medicine, (6) specialty palliative medicine, (7) religious, spiritual and cultural aspects, (8) political and economic aspects, (9) obstacles and weaknesses, and (10) prospects and goals of palliative care. Participants perceive PC as an integrative healthcare service that should be available to all patients, including children and their families, at any stage of illness. They internalize that PC principles apply regardless of ethnic, cultural, and religious background. Utilizing nurses’ leadership, enhancing multidisciplinary teamwork, and person-centered approach, supports better PC to more people.
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Krest'yashin, I. V., V. M. Krest'yashin, and I. I. Kuzhelivsky. "Outpatient medical care in the practice of a pediatric surgeon." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 25, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2021-25-2-116-120.
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Introduction. In the number of countries, the ambulatory direction in the domain of medical care has been created as an alternative one to hospitalization. This is a type of round-o’clock hospitalization which is a modern trend in medical care where a patient is in the center of progress and modernization of healthcare.Material and methods. The literature search was made in Scopus, MedLine, ELibrary, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases.Results. Over the past 30 years, the proportion of outpatient surgeries in children has significantly increased in developed countries. Such modality of medical care is provided in the overwhelming majority of cases. In Russia, in 2010-2018, the number of ambulatory surgical interventions increased by 15%, but this figure is still lower than in European countries. In pediatric surgical practice, there is no good evidence-based support yet for performing most of common surgical procedures outpatiently, due to the lack of well-planned randomized trials. However, the world’s widespread experience allows to suggest that routine surgical interventions could be recommended for outpatient care. Inpatient replacement technologies reduce health care costs because the inpatient care is a more expensive type of medical services.Conclusion. The outpatient medical care has to develop so as to transfer medical services from expensive hospital stay to much more economic and efficient one-day stay. At the same time, while developing the inpatient replacement technologies one must observe the basic principle – to ensure a high quality of medical care.
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Varghese, Bindi. ""Prospects of Medical Tourism - A Study of The Prominent Participants in Hospital And Hospitality Industry in Bangalore and Chennai"." Atna - Journal of Tourism Studies 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12727/ajts.5.9.
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Medical Tourism" is comparatively new in the vast ocean of travel & tourism industry. When we describe Medical Tourism in simple terms, it is a provision of 'cost effective' private medical care in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialized treatment. This process is being facilitated by the corporate sector involved in medical care as well as the tourism industry - both private and public. Unlike other countries, India is a safe place and people are known for their hospitality. It's the most touted healthcare destinations for .Medical or Health tourism has become a common form of vacationing, and covers a broad spectrum of medical services. It mixes leisure, fun and relaxation together with wellness and healthcare.Medical tourism, a rapidly growing sector in the Indian market, which is now being actively, developed by both public and private sector tourism and healthcare organizations. Medical Tourism" diversifies different paradigms, which derive at a common perception - a specialized field of healthcare tourism in general. The technical concoction defines medical tourism as, "Travel from a normal place of residence to a destination at which medical or surgical treatment is provided or performed, and which involves more than one night away from the country of residence". Within this broad field, there are a growing number of specialized sectors of medical tourism, including surgical tourism, wellness and spa tourism, dental tourism and reproductive or fertility tourism. Medical Tourism in simple terms, it is a provision of 'cost effective' private medical care in collaboration with the tourism industry for patients needing surgical and other forms of specialized treatment. This process is being facilitated by the corporate sector involved in medical care as well as the tourism industry - both private and public. Medical tourism is gaining international significance, as more and more patients prefer their treatments abroad. In the developed countries the cost of the treatment and the surgery are far higher than those in the developing countries. So getting medical treatment abroad is economical for the patients without any compromise in the quality of treatment is one of the major concerns. Western patients are increasingly travelling to developing countries for health care and developing countries are increasingly offering their skills and facilities to paying foreign customers. This international trade in medical services has huge economic potential for developing countries and serious implications for health care across the globe.
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Laohathai, Sirasit, Jittima Jaroensuk, Sira Laohathai, and Wasin Laohavinij. "Impact of acute care surgery model in aspects of patients with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage: result from a single tertiary care center in Thailand." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 6, no. 1 (March 2021): e000570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000570.
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BackgroundEven though an acute care surgery (ACS) model has been implemented worldwide, there are still relatively few studies on its efficacy in developing countries, which often have limited capacity and resources. To evaluate ACS efficacy in a developin country, we compared mortality rates and intervention timeliness at a tertiary care center in Thailand among patients with an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH).MethodsThis retrospective study compared two 24-month periods between pre-ACS and post-ACS implementations from July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2018. Medical records from consecutive patients with UGIH in the surgical department of Chonburi Hospital, Thailand, were reviewed. The primary outcome was UGIH mortality rate differences between pre-ACS and post-ACS implementations. Differences in complications rate, length of hospital stay (LOS), time to esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and proportion of patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (%EGD) in the same admission were also analyzed using unpaired t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Baseline characteristic differences between the pre-ACS and post-ACS periods were controlled for in multiple linear and logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 421 patients were included (162 pre-ACS and 259 post-ACS). Results showed a mortality rate of 24% in post-ACS compared with 41% in pre-ACS period (p<0.001). Overall complications (38% vs 27%), LOS (6.4 days vs 5.6 days) and time to EGD (44 hours vs 25 hours) were also significantly reduced, whereas %EGD increased (70% vs 89%). After adjusting for covariates, patients in the post-ACS period had lower risk of death (OR 0.54, p=0.040), lower risk of developing respiratory complications (OR 0.52, p=0.036), higher chance of receiving EGD in the same admission (OR 2.94, p<0.001) and shortened time to EGD for 19 hours (p<0.001).DiscussionOur results provide evidence that ACS can be implemented to improve patient outcomes at medical centers in developing countries with limited resources.Level of evidenceTherapeutic/care management, level IV.
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London, Leslie. "Human Rights and Public Health: Dichotomies or Synergies in Developing Countries? Examining the Case of HIV in South Africa." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 30, no. 4 (2002): 677–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2002.tb00435.x.
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Despite growing advances in medical technologies, health status inequalities continue to increase across the globe. Developing countries have been faced with declining expenditures in health and social services, increasing burdens posed by both communicable and non-communicable diseases, and economic systems poorly geared to fostering sustainable development for the poorest and most marginalized. Under such circumstances, the challenges facing health practitioners in countries in transition are complex and diverse, and require the balancing of many conflicting imperatives. This is particularly so in relation to the development of public health policy, where equity, redress of past inequalities, and the god of social justice may seemingly be pitted against macroeconomic adjustments required for national economic development in an increasingly globalized economic order.For example, pressures to deregulate as part of a market-oriented development philosophy will increase the risks from occupational hazards in populations desperate for paid employment.
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Abir, Ahmed Raihan, and Shamima Parvin Lasker. "Ethical aspects of Dhaka University Tele-medicine System." Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 3 (May 6, 2016): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v6i3.27617.
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To provide basic health care services in rural areas is one of the major challenges for developing countries like Bangladesh because of lack of infrastructures and unavailability of qualified medical doctors in the villages. Telemedicine viewed as a new way of offering health care services that has the potential to overcome this problem. Author is a member of extended group at Dhaka University (DU) which has been developing telemedicine equipment and data acquisition software to promote telemedicine practice in Bangladesh. PC based ECG equipment, Digital stethoscope, Digital microscope, Digital X-ray view box and some other essential medical equipment was developed for telemedicine services. The data acquisition software establishes an easy and appropriate patients to doctor interaction through a trained operator in a remote center that involve management and arrangement of consultation of a chosen and agreeing doctor by a patient. Upon establishing audio-visual connection between patient and doctor relevant physiological data from different diagnostic instruments will be uploaded securely in a dedicated web server which can be viewed real time using unique patient/doctor ID and password. Recently the Telemedicine group of DU and a local NGO named SAMAMA with support from Service innovation fund (SIF) of Prime Minister Office (PMO) of Bangladesh took the initiative to establish eight rural telemedicine centers and one expert center for the field trial of telemedicine in Bangladesh. The aim of this paper is to examine the ethical challenges of such health care system and our effort to overcome those problem before starting the field trial.
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Akter, Mst Farzana, Tanjila Islam, Kaniz Fatema Trisha, and Mohammad Ohid Ullah. "An overview of data mining in medical informatics: Bangladesh perspective." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5, no. 4 (February 3, 2020): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v5i4.45262.
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Recently using information technology in the health care system is an important issue. Medical informatics is the combination of information science, computer science, and health care. As population is increasing rapidly, it is obvious to use medical informatics to save human lives and to treat people in efficient way. Therefore, we tried to explore an overview of the necessities and practical uses of data mining in administrative, clinical, research as well as educational aspects of medical informatics in Bangladesh. It is one the most populous countries in the world and the health care system including data mining in medical informatics is not so handy. Besides, for the effect of monsoon weather people of this country are affected by various diseases but poor investment and weak implementation make these diseases a burden. The study focuses on the needs of clinical data warehousing and the practice of examining these databases in order to improve various aspects of medical informatics in Bangladesh. The study suggests that government and private health care organizations need to take account to store their data and create a research wing in every hospital in Bangladesh as well as other developing countries in the world so that researchers and doctors may be able to find out the solution of their problems. For the greater benefits of the people, more research on medical informatics is essential and implementation of the research outputs must be done in medical treatment.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(4): 258-264
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Cao, Xun. "Domestic Economic Policies, Political Institutions, and Transnational Portfolio Investments." Business and Politics 11, no. 1 (April 2009): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1232.
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For many, transnational capital is one of the most important driving forces of economic globalization; yet, we know little about what determines cross-border portfolio investments. In addition to recent economic literature's focus on information asymmetries as one key determinant of cross-border investment, this study brings in a political aspect to the field of international trade in assets. The –race to the bottom’ thesis connects domestic economic policies to investment decisions and argues that capital is more likely to move towards economies characterized by economic liberalism; political institutions are also relevant for portfolio investments, because democratic institutions often provide more credible protection against predatory practices. In this study, I model bilateral portfolio investments as a function of economic policies, political institutions, and levels of transparency of sending and receiving countries as well as important international connections. Empirical findings indicate the importance of transparency to attract portfolio investments. Moreover, transnational portfolio investments are only sensitive to some fiscal policy indictors and only within the OECD countries. Therefore, for non-OECD countries, there is still ‘room to move’ in maneuvering different aspects of fiscal policies. Finally, I find that investors care about the nature of political institutions as democratic institutions tend to be associated with higher levels of portfolio investment inflows. This is good news for developing countries that have undergone or are in the process of democratization. In addition to democratizing for peace, increased foreign capital further incentivizes a progression towards democratization.
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Zherebylo, I. "FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HEALTH CARE SECTOR IN UKRAINE." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2020): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.2-4.
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With Ukraine taking a course to implement systemic sectoral reforms to improve the quality of services provided to the population, decentralize resources and powers, and form an effective system of public governance, health care reform, among others, plays an important role. Their effective implementation requires scientific discussion and analysis of causal relationships. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the financial and economic problems of the health care system in Ukraine. The article identifies and analyzes the negative aspects of the functioning and development of the health care sector. Among the key ones are: Ukraine lags behind European countries in terms of life expectancy, mortality and health; low level of financial support for the healthcare sector; high level of attraction of private funds of patients with unsatisfactory quality of received services; excessive centralization of health care management, which has led to a lack of a transparent state-guaranteed package of health services and an increase in corruption in the procurement, education, certification and employment of health workers. Emphasis is placed on the shortcomings of the mechanism of financing disease prevention, primary health care, provision of outpatient and inpatient medical services. Among them are: duplication of services and inefficient use of financial resources at the subnational level; low efficiency of use of medical subvention funds; constant change in the mechanism of providing transfers in the field of health care, etc. Possible areas for improving health care funding are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of reforming the health care sector in terms of income mobilization in the context of coverage of the population with basic medical guarantees and the effectiveness of the organization of the process of such funding.
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Krivenko, Natalya. "Economic development trends and aspects of healthcare reform in Russia under COVID-2019 pandemic." Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia 17, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/lsprr.2021.17.4.7.
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The article is aimed at studying the state of the Russian economy and health care system before and after the COVID-2019 pandemic, identifying the main trends in the economy and health care, regardless of the pandemic, as well as its impact on the socioeconomic development of the country. The interrelation and mutual influence of the levels of development of the economy and health care of the country is noted. An analysis of the state of the economy and health care system in Russia for 2017–2019 is presented, problems and achievements in the pre-pandemic period are identified. The COVID-2019 pandemic is considered not only from the point of view of a medical manifestation but as a powerful trigger that provoked large-scale socioeconomic changes in the world, as a bifurcation point in world development, requiring states to objectively assess the state of the economy and healthcare, revise the current coordinate system, getting out of the state of uncertainty and choosing promising areas of socioeconomic development. A cross-country analysis of the response of various health systems to the COVID-19 pandemic has shown the advantages of countries with centralized management, health financing, and subordinate sanitary and epidemiological services. Along with the achievements of Russia in the fight against COVID-19, the existing specific problems of the domestic health care system are noted, which negatively affected the preparedness for a pandemic. Analyzed the consequences of the COVID-2019 pandemic for the socio-economic state of countries at the global level. The change in socio-economic indicators in Russia in 2020 compared to 2019 is presented as a result of the consequences of the COVID-2019 pandemic. The main results of the study are to identify the main trends in the development of the economy and the healthcare system in Russia in the context of the ongoing COVID-2019 pandemic, defining the directions of reforming the national healthcare, trajectories of increasing the level of socioeconomic development of the country
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Eniu, Alexandru E., Yehoda M. Martei, Edward L. Trimble, and Lawrence N. Shulman. "Cancer Care and Control as a Human Right: Recognizing Global Oncology as an Academic Field." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 37 (May 2017): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_175251.
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The global burden of cancer incidence and mortality is on the rise. There are major differences in cancer fatality rates due to profound disparities in the burden and resource allocation for cancer care and control in developed compared with developing countries. The right to cancer care and control should be a human right accessible to all patients with cancer, regardless of geographic or economic region, to avoid unnecessary deaths and suffering from cancer. National cancer planning should include an integrated approach that incorporates a continuum of education, prevention, cancer diagnostics, treatment, survivorship, and palliative care. Global oncology as an academic field should offer the knowledge and skills needed to efficiently assess situations and work on solutions, in close partnership. We need medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, pediatric oncologists, gynecologic oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists trained to think about well-tailored resource-stratified solutions to cancer care in the developing world. Moreover, the multidisciplinary fundamental team approach needed to treat most neoplastic diseases requires coordinated investment in several areas. Current innovative approaches have relied on partnerships between academic institutions in developed countries and local governments and ministries of health in developing countries to provide the expertise needed to implement effective cancer control programs. Global oncology is a viable and necessary field that needs to be emphasized because of its critical role in proposing not only solutions in developing countries, but also solutions that can be applied to similar challenges of access to cancer care and control faced by underserved populations in developed countries.
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Phua, Kai-Lit. "The Promotion of Cross-Border Medical Tourism in Developing Countries: Economic Growth at the Expense of Healthcare System Efficiency and Cost Containment?" Open Public Health Journal 9, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501609010098.
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Background:More and more developing nations are promoting cross-border medical tourism as a way to enhance economic growth. Major destinations for medical tourism in South and Southeast Asia include India, Thailand, Malaysia and wealthy Singapore. Much has been written on the pros and cons of the growth of medical tourism for both destination and source countries. This article uses a different approach.Methodology:Examples from India, Thailand and Malaysia are used to discuss the actual and potential impact of medical tourism on healthcare system efficiency and costs.Results and Conclusions:Based on the experience of these three countries, it is argued that the promotion of cross-border medical tourism to enhance economic growth is likely to be at the expense of national healthcare system efficiency as it goes directly against cost containment strategies and measures.
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Andreev, Dmitry A., Aleksandr A. Zavyalov, and Asan Yu Kashurnikov. "Management of the quality control and safety of medical activities in the field of «oncology» on the example of Western European countries." Health Care of the Russian Federation 64, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46563/0044-197x-2020-64-6-311-317.
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Introduction. Quality assurance plays a pivotal role in the health industry. The countries of Western Europe demonstrate good outcomes of cancer care. The purpose of the study. This paper focuses on various backbones of quality assurance systems in oncology in Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands. Material and methods. Authors retrieved information from PubMed (Medline), Google, and public websites. The key phrases related to the organization of quality management systems for cancer care were used. About 40 informational sources were selected, including scientific articles and media. Discussion. All reviewed countries equipped with the quality management structures affecting such cancer care aspects as: •Creating regulatory acts and policy for next-generation healthcare in oncology; •Employing the top-qualified personnel; •Updating the clinical guidelines and improving medical processes; •Organizing the cyclical processes for monitoring the quality of cancer care and patient needs; •Implementing the innovations; •Implementing the principles of «transparency» in assessing the quality of cancer care. Conclusion. It seems logical to further study Western Europe’s experience in developing quality management systems for cancer care.
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Chen, Y. Y. Brandon, and Colleen M. Flood. "Medical Tourism's Impact on Health Care Equity and Access in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Making the Case for Regulation." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 1 (2013): 286–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12019.
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Travelling internationally to acquire medical treatments otherwise unavailable or inaccessible in one’s home country is not a novel concept. Conventionally, such medical travel largely entailed patients from developed countries or wealthy patients from the developing world seeking care in Western facilities like the Mayo Clinic in the U.S. and myriad private clinics along Harley Street in London, England. What is different about the topical phenomenon known as “medical tourism” is the growing trend of health services export in the opposite direction. The number of patients travelling from the developed world to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) for treatments has ballooned in recent years, primarily driven by difficulties with accessing affordable care at home. According to a liberal estimate by the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions, the number of Americans travelling abroad for care rose from 750,000 in 2007 to 1.6 million in 2012. On the flip side, Thailand reportedly treated a total of 1.3 million foreign nationals in 2007, which represented a 16% leap from 2001.