Academic literature on the topic 'Developing countries Medical care Economic aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Developing countries Medical care Economic aspects"
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Migliozzi, Daniel, and Thomas Guibentif. "Assessing the Potential Deployment of Biosensors for Point-of-Care Diagnostics in Developing Countries: Technological, Economic and Regulatory Aspects." Biosensors 8, no. 4 (November 29, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios8040119.
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Infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance are major burdens in developing countries, where very specific conditions impede the deployment of established medical infrastructures. Since biosensing devices are nowadays very common in developed countries, particularly in the field of diagnostics, they are at a stage of maturity at which other potential outcomes can be explored, especially on their possibilities for multiplexing and automation to reduce the time-to-results. However, the translation is far from being trivial. In order to understand the factors and barriers that can facilitate or hinder the application of biosensors in resource-limited settings, we analyze the context from several angles. First, the technology of the devices themselves has to be rethought to take into account the specific needs and the available means of these countries. For this, we describe the partition of a biosensor into its functional shells, which define the information flow from the analyte to the end-user, and by following this partition we assess the strengths and weaknesses of biosensing devices in view of their specific technological development and challenging deployment in low-resource environments. Then, we discuss the problem of cost reduction by pointing out transversal factors, such as throughput and cost of mistreatment, that need to be re-considered when analyzing the cost-effectiveness of biosensing devices. Beyond the technical landscape, the compliance with regulations is also a major aspect that is described with its link to the validation of the devices and to the acceptance from the local medical personnel. Finally, to learn from a successful case, we analyze a breakthrough inexpensive biosensor that is showing high potential with respect to many of the described aspects. We conclude by mentioning both some transversal benefits of deploying biosensors in developing countries, and the key factors that can drive such applications.
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Soundararajan, Pradeeba, and Muthuramu Poovathi. "Study of psychosocial aspects of unmarried pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 2 (January 31, 2017): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170372.
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Background: Unmarried pregnancy is a major health and social problem in many developed as well as developing countries with unique medical and psychosocial consequences for the patient and society. The objective of this study was study the psychosocial aspects of unmarried pregnancy.Methods: Study was done over a period of one year. Data collected from 31 unmarried abortion seekers in a tertiary care Medical College hospital of Tamilnadu.Results: showed a strong association between unmarried adolescent pregnancy and lack of parental supervision and control , poor intra-family relationship , family problem , lack of knowledge on sexual and reproductive health ), and nonengagement of adolescent in any productive activity.Conclusions: Ignorance regarding sexuality and reproduction along with adventurous nature and poor negotiation skills predisposes unmarried girls for early sexual activity that may lead to various problems like unwanted pregnancy and STIs that may cause psycho-social-economic problems for the unmarried girl.
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Collinson, S. R., and T. H. Turner. "Not just salsa and cigars: mental health care in Cuba." Psychiatric Bulletin 26, no. 5 (May 2002): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.5.185.
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Given the marginal nature of psychiatry in terms of Western health priorities, it is always worth reviewing how countries with clearly different political systems treat their mentally ill. The 40-year economic embargo imposed by the USA on Cuba, the effects of which have been compounded by the hardships suffered during the ‘Special Period’ from 1989 onwards when the collapse of the Soviet Union left the island's economy in ruins (Pilling, 2001), is one of the most stringent of its kind. It prohibits the sale of food, and sharply restricts the sale of medicines and medical equipment, which, given the USA's pre-eminence in the pharmaceutical industry, effectively bars Cuba from purchasing nearly half of the new world class drugs on the market (Rojas Ochoa, 1997). Between 1989 and 1993, Cuba's gross domestic product fell by 35% and exports declined by 75% (Pan American Health Organisation, 1999). This has reduced the availability of resources and has adversely affected some health determinants and certain aspects of the population's health status. Despite this, however, Cuba has developed a system prioritised to primary and preventive care, with an infant mortality rate half that of the city of Washington, DC (World Health Organization & Pan American Health Organization, 1997; Casas et al, 2001). Furthermore, biotechnology and family medicine are being developed by Cuba as a human resource for other developing countries. Cuban medical schools also train physicians specifically for many developing countries around the world (Waitzkin et al, 1997).
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Gramatiuk, Svetlana Mykolaivna, Irina Yuriivna Bagmut, Michael Ivanivich Sheremet, Karine Sargsyan, Alla Mironovna Yushko, Serhii Mykolaevich Filipchenko, Vitaliy Vasilyevich Maksymyuk, Volodimir Volodimirovich Tarabanchuk, Petro Vasilyevich Moroz, and Andriy Ivanovich Popovich. "Pediatric biobanks and parents of disabled children associations opinions on establishing children repositories in developing countries." Journal of Medicine and Life 14, no. 1 (January 2021): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2020-0106.
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Pediatric biobanks are an indispensable resource for the research needed to bring advances in personalized medicine into pediatric medical care. It is unclear how or when these advances in medical care may reach children, but it is unlikely that research in adults will be adequate. We conducted the screening for a hypothetic problem in various European and American pediatric biobanks based on online surveys through e-mail distribution based on the Biobank Economic Modeling Tool (BEMT) questionnaire model. Participants in the survey had work experience in biobanking for at least 3 years or more. Contact information about the survey participants was confirmed on the social networks profiles (LinkedIn), as well as on generally available websites. First, we tried creating a model which can show the pediatric preclinical and basic clinical phase relationship and demonstrate how pediatric biobanking is linked to this process. Furthermore, we tried to look for new trends, and the final goal is to put the acquired knowledge into practice, so medical experts and patients could gain usable benefit from it. We concluded that leading positions must take into account ethical and legal aspects when considering the decision to include children in the biobank collection. However, communication with parents and children is essential. The biobank characteristics influence the biobank's motives to include children in the consent procedure. Moreover, the motives to include children influence how the children are involved in the consent procedure and the extent to which children are able to make voluntary decisions as part of the consent procedure.
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Oynotkinova, Olga Sh, and Vera N. Larina. "Medical and social aspects of health security in the formation of public health." City Healthcare 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2022.v.3i3;67-76.
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Introduction. Monitoring of the health status of the population as a whole, assessment and analysis of the leading determinants of health, including genetic, behavioral, anthropogenic, biophysiological factors, represent one of the global functions of public health, focused on health protection and provision of medical services. To date, health disorders are primarily related to lifestyle and are always a collection of individual personalized health data. Unhealthy diet and low physical activity are risk factors for the development of a number of chronic non-communicable diseases, primarily cardiovascular, metabolic, in particular type 2 diabetes mellitus and some types of cancer. These risk factors lead to early disability, a decrease in the quality and life expectancy of people, disability, as well as the health budget and the economy. So, if on average only 3 % of the health budget is spent on disease prevention programs, then about 7 % of the budget in the EU countries is spent on the treatment of obesity and turns into 2.8 % of world GDP. In this regard, the implementation of early preventive measures is characterized by favorable and positive results.
Purpose. Analyzes the role of unhealthy diet and low physical activity as key risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, especially in the population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods and materials. The characteristics of the presented studies included in the article cover international experience and analysis of the pilot study conducted on a population sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To assess the economic costs associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity, a general approach was used based on the analysis of individual diseases, in particular, type 2 diabetes mellitus, using population attributive fractions, regression method.
Results. Based on the data obtained, it follows that patients with an unhealthy diet and low physical activity, burdened with overweight or obesity, have a high five-year risk of developing new cases of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. This includes early disability and the economic costs of providing medical care. Using the example of a number of European countries and its own results, this study is focused on assessing the economic damage that is associated with unhealthy diet and low physical activity among the population, regardless of the region of residence and the metropolis.
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Zaman, Sojib Bin, Naznin Hossain, Shad Ahammed, and Zubair Ahmed. "Contexts and Opportunities of e-Health Technology in Medical Care." Journal of Medical Research and Innovation 1, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): AV1—AV4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/jmri.62.
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Keeping up with a sound health is a fundamental right for the human beings. It also acts as an indicator of the socio-economic development of a country. However, nowadays keeping sound health is challenging because of rapidly increasing non-communicable diseases. Concurrently, we are on the edge of very fast technological advancement which includes usage of cellular technology, high-speed internet and wireless communications. These technologies and their unique applications are creating lots of new dimensions in health care system which is known as e-Health. The medical call centers, emergency toll-free telephone services are being used in all over the world. The newly developed electronic health system can play a vital role in the remote regions of emerging and developing countries although sometimes it seems difficult due to the lack of communication infrastructure. E-Health can be a promising aspect for providing public health benefits if it integrates with the conventional medical system. More strategic approaches are necessary for the planning, development, and evaluation of e-Health. This article is written to depict the existing and future opportunities of e-Health in health support system.
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Buzuverova, O. O., V. K. Fedyaeva, and O. A. Sukhorukikh. "Developing clinical guidelines and assessing the quality of medical care using the RAND/UCLA method." FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.4.327-332.
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Introduction. The RAND/UCLA system is commonly used in healthcare economics as it allows one to consider both the relevant scientific data and the opinion of leading experts for deciding on the specifics of medical care.Objective. To analyze the recommendations and practical aspects of the RAND/UCLA and the international experience in using this method; to analyze the feasibility of its application in the Russian Federation, including the basic documents regulating the national medical care.Materials and methods. We analyzed the information available in the RAND corporation website and the PubMed bibliographic database.Results. An analysis of the original information provided by the developers of the RAND/UCLA method showed that using this method involves several stages: selecting a subject to be further studied, reviewing the scientific literature on this subject, choosing the expert commission, and preparing documents for its work; the voting stage is followed by a voting results analysis. The international experience on the applications of the RAND/UCLA method in healthcare demonstrates the successful use of this method in different countries. The use of the RAND/UCLA method in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation can contribute to improving the quality of medical care and the rational use of healthcare resources.Discussion. Currently, the RAND/UCLA method is internationally used to develop clinical guidelines, criteria for assessing the quality of medical care, and feasibility of medical interventions.Concusion. In the Russian Federation, the application of the RAND/UCLA method can prove useful for developing clinical guidelines and related documentation.
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Greenberg, Peter L., Victor Gordeuk, Surapol Issaragrisil, Noppadol Siritanaratkul, Suthat Fucharoen, and Raul C. Ribeiro. "Major Hematologic Diseases in the Developing World— New Aspects of Diagnosis and Management of Thalassemia, Malarial Anemia, and Acute Leukemia." Hematology 2001, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2001.1.479.
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Abstract The three presentations in this session encompass clinical, pathophysiological and therapeutic aspects of hematologic diseases which impact most heavily on developing world countries. Dr. Victor Gordeuk discusses new insights regarding the multi-faceted pathogenesis of anemia in the complicated malaria occurring in Africa. He describes recent investigations indicating the possible contribution of immune dysregulation to this serious complication and the implications of these findings for disease management. Dr. Surapol Issaragrisil and colleagues describe epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the thalassemic syndromes. In addition to being considered a major health problem in Southeast Asia, the migration throughout the world of people from this region has caused the disease to have global impact. A unique thalassemia variant, Hb Eβ-thalassemia, with distinctive clinical features, has particular relevance for this demographic issue. Special focus will be reported regarding recent prenatal molecular screening methods in Thailand which have proven useful for early disease detection and disease control strategies. Dr. Raul Ribeiro describes a clinical model for providing effective treatment for a complex malignancy (childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia) in countries with limited resources. With the multidisciplinary approach in Central American of the joint venture between St. Jude Children's Research Hospital International Outreach Program and indigenous health care personnel, major therapeutic advances for this disease have been achieved. Given the major demographic population shifts occurring worldwide, these illnesses also have important clinical implications globally. These contributions demonstrate that lessons learned within countries of disease prevalence aid our understanding and management of a number of disorders prominently seen in developed countries. They will show how effective partnerships between hematologists in more and less developed nations may work together to produce important advances for treating major hematologic diseases in less developed regions. A major focus relates to the socio-economic and medical burden of these diseases in developing countries with limited resources. As such, these problems provide a challenge and an opportunity for collaborative interaction between hematologists and policy makers worldwide.
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Sochinskaya, M. V. "Features of health insurance: an analysis of the German experience." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 99 (December 22, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-99-2-195-203.
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The article examines the models of health insurance in Western countries. A comparative analysis of forms of social insurance and sources of financing payments for four models of medical insurance is carried out. The practical aspects of the functioning of compulsory health insurance in Germany are investigated, its positive features are revealed. Attention is paid to medical insurance, which provides insurance in case of loss of health for any reason. It provides greater accessibility, quality and completeness to meet the diverse needs of the population in the provision of medical services, and is more effective than government funding of the health care system. In addition, the social and economic efficiency of health insurance related to reimbursement of citizens' expenses related to receiving medical care, as well as other expenses aimed at maintaining health, depends on how comprehensively the concept of developing insurance medicine in the country has been worked out. The positive and negative aspects of health insurance are analyzed. The forms of health insurance are considered: compulsory health insurance and voluntary health insurance. It was found that one of the first countries where health insurance was introduced was Germany. There are two types of health insurance in Germany: public and private. Germany's state health insurance is compulsory. That is, every employee, as well as persons trained in production (Auszubildende), are subject to compulsory state health insurance and must be members of one of their freely chosen state health insurance funds. At the same time, if a person wishes to receive medical services that are not included in the list of compulsory health insurance, he can conclude a supplementary health insurance contract with the insurance company. Voluntary health insurance allows you to choose an inpatient medical institution and the conditions of stay in it, special services of a personal physician.
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Gonzalez Saez, Ruvislei. "Cuba – Asia y Oceanía: historical relations." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2020-8-4-79-91.
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The countries of Asia and Oceania occupy a prominent place in Cuba’s foreign policy orientation, which is especially relevant today when the country is facing another strengthening of restrictions by the United States, as well as trying to overcome the crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic. The author analyzes the history and potential of Cuba’s cooperation with Asia, which is the most dynamic region in the world economy, in order to demonstrate the level of existing interaction and the prospects of emerging opportunities. The article provides an overview of the process of Cuba’s establishing diplomatic relations with the countries of Asia and Oceania, reflecting on both the incentives and the difficulties that accompanied this dynamic. The author looks at different areas of cooperation with the countries of the region, including health care (exchange of medical professionals, support by sharing medical brigades, shipments of diagnostic equipment and medications), agriculture and food security, academic exchange, etc. Particular attention is paid to trade, where economic ties with key partners are examined, taking into account the structure of trade. In conclusion, the research stresses the essential importance of developing already consolidated and trending relations between Cuba and the Asia-Pacific region, both with its “giants” and with the smaller states. This thesis is also supported by political preconditions, in particular by the fact that, from the political perspective, the countries of the region have expressed support and agreement with Cuba in many bilateral and multilateral aspects, especially those related to the condemnation of the U.S. economic and financial embargo against Cuba.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Developing countries Medical care Economic aspects"
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Haenssgen, Marco Johannes. "Mobile phone diffusion and rural heathcare access in India and China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3f48fc8b-5414-4851-926b-07a57eed6cfe.
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Three decades of mobile phone diffusion, thousands of mobile-phone-based health projects worldwide ("mHealth"), and tens of thousands of health applications in Apple's iTunes store, but fundamental questions about the effect of phone diffusion on people's healthcare behaviour remain unanswered. Empirical, theoretical, and methodological gaps in the study of mobile phones and health reinforce each other and lead to simplifying assumptions that mobile phones are a ubiquitous and neutral platform for interventions to improve health and healthcare. This contradicts what we know from the technology adoption literature. This thesis explores the theoretical link between mobile phone diffusion and healthcare access; develops and tests a new multidimensional indicator of mobile phone adoption; and analyses the effects of phone use on people's healthcare-seeking behaviour. My mixed methods research design - implemented in rural Rajasthan (India) and Gansu (China) - involves qualitative research with 231 participants and primary survey data from 800 persons. My research yields a qualitatively grounded framework that describes the accessibility and suitability of mobile phones in healthcare-seeking processes, the heterogeneous outcomes of phone use and non-use on healthcare access, and the uneven equity consequences in this process. Quantitative analysis based on the framework finds that mobile phone use in rural India and China increases access to healthcare, but it also invites more complex and delayed health behaviours and the over-use of scarce healthcare resources. Moreover, increasing phone-aided health action threatens to marginalise socio-economically disadvantaged groups further. I present here the first quantitative evidence on how mobile phone adoption influences healthcare-seeking behaviour. This challenges the common view that mHealth interventions operate on a neutral platform and draws attention to potential targeting, user acceptance, and sustainability problems. The framework and tools developed in this thesis can support policy considerations for health systems to evaluate and address the healthcare implications of mobile phone diffusion.
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Kativu, Tatenda Kevin. "A framework for the secure consumerisation of mobile, handheld devices in the healthcare institutional context." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/18630.
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The advances in communication technologies have resulted in a significant shift in the workplace culture. Mobile computing devices are increasingly becoming an integral part of workplace culture. Mobility has several advantages to the organisation, one such example is the “always online” workforce resulting in increased productivity hours. As a result, organisations are increasingly providing mobile computing devices to the workforce to enable remote productivity at the organisations cost. A challenge associated with mobility is that these devices are likely to connect to a variety of networks, some which may insecure, and because of their smaller form factor and perceived value, are vulnerable to loss and theft amongst other information security challenges. Increased mobility has far reaching benefits for remote and rural communities, particularly in the healthcare domain where health workers are able to provide services to previously inaccessible populations. The adverse economic and infrastructure environment means institution provided devices make up the bulk of the mobile computing devices, and taking away the ownership, the usage patterns and the susceptibility of information to adversity are similar. It is for this reason that this study focuses on information security on institution provided devices in a rural healthcare setting. This study falls into the design science paradigm and is guided by the principles of design science proposed by Hevner et al. The research process incorporates literature reviews focusing on health information systems security and identifying theoretical constructs that support the low-resource based secure deployment of health information technologies. Thereafter, the artifact is developed and evaluated through an implementation case study and expert reviews. The outcomes from the feedback are integrated into the framework.
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Chambers, D., and Bryan McIntosh. "Using authenticity to achieve competitive advantage in medical tourism in the English-speaking Caribbean." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6526.
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Medical tourism is a relatively recent global economic and political phenomenon which has assumed increasing importance for developing countries, particularly in Asia. It has been slower to develop within the context of the tourism industry in English-speaking Caribbean countries but there is evidence that the tourism policy makers in the region perceive medical tourism as a potentially lucrative niche market. However, while the potential of medical tourism has seemingly been embraced by the region's political directorate, there has been limited discussion of the extent to which this market niche can realistically provide competitive advantage for the region. The argument of this conceptual paper is that the English-speaking Caribbean cannot hope to compete successfully in the global medical tourism market with many developing world destinations in Asia, or even with other Caribbean countries such as Cuba, on factors such as low cost, staff expertise, medical technological capability, investment in healthcare facilities or even in terms of the natural resources of sun, sea and sand. Rather, in order to achieve competitive advantage the countries of the region should, on the one hand, identify and develop their unique resources and competences as they relate to medical tourism, while, on the other hand, they should exploit the demand of the postmodern tourist for authentic experiences. Both these supply and demand side issues, it is argued, can be addressed through the development of a medical tourism product that utilises the region's indigenous herbal remedies. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]; Medical tourism is a relatively recent global economic and political phenomenon which has assumed increasing importance for developing countries, particularly in Asia. It has been slower to develop within the context of the tourism industry in English-speaking Caribbean countries but there is evidence that the tourism policy makers in the region perceive medical tourism as a potentially lucrative niche market. However, while the potential of medical tourism has seemingly been embraced by the region's political directorate, there has been limited discussion of the extent to which this market niche can realistically provide competitive advantage for the region. The argument of this conceptual paper is that the English-speaking Caribbean cannot hope to compete successfully in the global medical tourism market with many developing world destinations in Asia, or even with other Caribbean countries such as Cuba, on factors such as low cost, staff expertise, medical technological capability, investment in healthcare facilities or even in terms of the natural resources of sun, sea and sand. Rather, in order to achieve competitive advantage the countries of the region should, on the one hand, identify and develop their unique resources and competences as they relate to medical tourism, while, on the other hand, they should exploit the demand of the postmodern tourist for authentic experiences. Both these supply and demand side issues, it is argued, can be addressed through the development of a medical tourism product that utilises the region's indigenous herbal remedies. Reprinted by permission of Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd.
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Ndlovu, Lonias. "Access to medicines under the World Trade Organisation TRIPS Agreement: a comparative study of select SADC countries." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14185.
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Despite the adoption of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health in 2001, which unequivocally affirmed WTO members’ rights to use compulsory licences and other TRIPS flexibilities to access medicines, thirteen years on, developing countries and least developed countries are still grappling with access to medicines issues and a high disease burden. Despite some well researched and eloquent arguments to the contrary, it is a trite fact that patents remain an impediment to access to medicines by encouraging monopoly prices. The WTO TRIPS Agreement gives members room to legislate in a manner that is sympathetic to access to affordable medicines by providing for exceptions to patentability and the use of patents without the authorisation of the patent holder (TRIPS flexibilities).
This study focuses on access to medicines under the TRIPS Agreement from a SADC comparative perspective by interrogating the extent of the domestication of TRIPS provisions promoting access to medicines in the SADC region with specific reference to Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe. After establishing that all SADC members, including Seychelles which is yet to be a WTO member have intellectual property (IP) laws in their statute books, this study confirms that while most of the IP provisions may be used to override patents, they are currently not being used by SADC members due to non-IP reasons such as lack of knowledge and political will. The study also engages in comparative discussions of topical occurrences in the context of access to medicines litigation in India, Thailand and Kenya and extracts useful thematic lessons for the SADC region. The study’s overall approach is to extract useful lessons for regional access to medicines from the good experiences of SADC members and other developing country jurisdictions in the context of a south-south bias.
The study draws conclusions and recommendations which if implemented will in all likelihood lead to improved access to medicines for SADC citizens, while at the same time respecting the sanctity of patent rights. The study recommends the adoption of a rights-based approach, which will ultimately elevate patient rights over patent rights and urges the region to consider using its LDCs status to issue compulsory licences in the context of TRIPS Article 31 bis while exploring the possibility of local pharmaceutical manufacturing to produce generics, inspired by the experiences of Zimbabwe and current goings on in Mozambique and the use of pooled procurement for the region. The study embraces the rewards theory of patents which should be used to spur innovation and research into diseases of the poor in the SADC region. Civil society activity in the region is also identified as a potential vehicle to drive the move towards access to affordable medicines for all in the SADC region.Mercantile Law
LL.D.
Books on the topic "Developing countries Medical care Economic aspects"
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Principles of health economics for developing countries. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1999.
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Economic Development Institute (Washington, D.C.), ed. Economics for health sector analysis: Concepts and cases. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 1991.
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S, Lankinen Kari, ed. Health and disease in developing countries. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994.
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Bura, Mark. Community health funds and managed health care: A practical guide for provider-based health funds for communities in developing countries : fostering partnership in health with local communities. [Dar es Salaam?]: ELCT Managed Health Care Program, 1999.
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Philip, Stevens, ed. Fighting the diseases of poverty. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2008.
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Maureen, Mackintosh, and Koivusalo Meri 1964-, eds. Commercialization of health care: Global and local dynamics and policy responses. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
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Stunted lives, stagnant economies: Poverty, disease, and underdevelopment. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 1998.
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Ageing, health, and productivity: The economics of increased life expectancy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
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Yong, Kim Jim, ed. Dying for growth: Global inequality and the health of the poor. Monroe, Me: Common Courage Press, 2000.
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author, Liu Hangsheng, Hunter Lauren E. author, Gu Kun author, Newberry Sydne J. author, and RAND Health, eds. The role of health care transformation for the Chinese dream: Powering economic growth, promoting a harmonious society. Santa Monica, CA: RAND, 2014.
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Alnakhi, Wafa K., Faryal Iqbal, Waleed Al Nadabi, and Amal Al Balushi. "Challenges Associated with Medical Travel for Cancer Patients in the Arab World: A Systematic Review." In Cancer in the Arab World, 427–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_27.
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AbstractIntroduction: Each year, millions of patients around the world seek medical care abroad. Medical travel is becoming very common in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCC) due to many motivational factors. It has been observed that the rate of cancer incidence is growing at an alarmingly high rate in Arab countries. In addition, as per the literature, cancer seems to be one of the top medical conditions for patients from the GCC to seek healthcare overseas. There are many factors associated with cancer patients seeking treatment overseas. However, unfortunately, there are very few studies that discuss the risks and challenges associated with the medical travel experience for those patients.Objective: We conducted a systematic review to summarize the evidence related to the complications and challenges associated with the medical travel experience for oncology patients in the Arab world.Materials and Methods: This systematic review was guided by PRISMA. PubMed was used as a search database by using a combination of medical travel, complications, and cancer keywords for publications which yielded 76 articles. Four coders independently determined eligibility based on PICOS and then extracted information from 14 articles. The resulting articles are based on three main categories, i.e., primary, and secondary data collection, and review articles.Results: Of the total 76 articles, only 14 were included because they met the criteria. 62 articles were excluded because of irrelevance of the title, abstract, and insufficient data. Although this systematic review aimed to look at the medical complications that may arise from the medical travel experience for oncology patients, other challenges were found. The challenges reported can be grouped into the following themes: (a) financial and economic aspects, (b) medical care aspects, (c) social and cultural aspects.Conclusion: Overall, more research studies are required in the Arab world for cancer patients treated overseas. The existence of such information around this topic will help in improving policies and strategies related to medical travel for the different stakeholders involved in the medical travel market. Moreover, these studies will not only aid in improving the quality of care for cancer patients who are engaging in medical travel, but they will also help in overcoming the challenges associated with medical travel experience for cancer patients at the different stages of the experience.
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Smith, Etienne. "Diaspora Policies, Consular Services and Social Protection for Senegalese Citizens Abroad." In IMISCOE Research Series, 289–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_17.
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AbstractThis chapter presents the main areas of engagement of the state of Senegal with its diaspora. In the first part, it looks at the main institutions and policies geared towards the diaspora. In the second part, the chapter focuses specifically on diaspora policies in the area of social protection (unemployment, health care, family benefits, pensions, guaranteed minimum resources). If Senegal falls in the category of pioneer countries for some aspects of emigration policies (ministerial institutions, external voting, political representation), its policy for the diaspora in the field of social protection is rather scanty. As a developing country facing many structural economic issues, scaling up social protection in the homeland remains the top priority for the Government, relegating social protection for the diaspora as a secondary policy concern for now. Recent governmental policies towards the diaspora have focused primarily on tapping the resources of the diaspora in order to increase its contribution to economic development and facilitate productive investment by Senegalese abroad in their home country.
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Whalen, Christian. "Article 24: The Right to Health." In Monitoring State Compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 205–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84647-3_22.
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AbstractArticle 24 reflects the perspective of the drafters that the right to health cannot be understood in narrow bio-medical terms or limited to the delivery of health services. Rather, in its reference, for example, to food, water, sanitation, and environmental dangers, it recognises the wider social and economic factors that influence and impact on the child’s state of health. Thus, the text of Article 24 sets out: a broad right to health for all children combined with a right of access to health services a priority focus on measures to address infant and child mortality, the provision of primary health care, nutritious food and clean drinking water, pre-natal and post-natal care, and preventive health care, including family planning the need for effective measures to abolish traditional practices harmful to children’s health a specific obligation on States Parties to cooperate internationally towards the realisation of the child’s right to health everywhere, having particular regard to the needs of developing countries. The right to health is a prime example of the interelatedness of child rights as it is contingent upon and informed by the realization of so many other rights guaranteed to children under the convention. This chapter analyses the child’s right to health in relation to four essential attributes. The first attribute of the child’s right to the highest attainable standard of health emphasizes what an exacting standard this human rights norm contains. Taking a social determinants of health perspective the right entails not just access to health services but programmatic supports in sanitation, transportation, education and other fields to guarantee the enjoyment of health. The second attribute focuses on the Basic minimum criteria of the right to health as reflected in Article 24(2). A third attribute is the insistence upon child health accountability mechanisms using the Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability and Quality Accountability Framework. Finally, given the wide discrepancies in enjoyment of children’s right to health across the globe, a fourth attribute focuses upon international cooperation to ensure equal access to the right to health.
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Saccardi, Riccardo, and Fermin Sanchez-Guijo. "How Can Accreditation Bodies, Such as JACIE or FACT, Support Centres in Getting Qualified?" In The EBMT/EHA CAR-T Cell Handbook, 199–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94353-0_38.
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AbstractThe FACT-JACIE accreditation system is based on a standard-driven process covering all the steps of HSC transplant activity, from donor selection to clinical care. Since the first approval of the First Edition of the Standards in 1998, over 360 HSCT programmes or facilities have been accredited at least once, most of them achieving subsequent re-accreditations (Snowden et al. 2017). The positive impact of the accreditation process in the EBMT Registry has been well established (Gratwohl et al. 2014). Starting with version 6.1, the standards include new items specifically developed for other cellular therapy products, with special reference to immune effector cells (IECs). This reflects the rapid evolution of the field of cellular therapy, primarily (but not exclusively) through the use of genetically modified cells, such as CAR-T cells. FACT-JACIE standards cover a wide range of important aspects that can be of use for centres that aim to be accredited in their countries to provide IEC therapy. Notably, FACT-JACIE accreditation itself is a key (or even a prerequisite) condition in some countries for approval by health authorities to provide commercial CAR-T cell therapy and is also valued by pharmaceutical companies (both those developing clinical trials and those manufacturing commercial products), which also inspect the cell therapy programmes and facilities established at each centre (Yakoub-Agha et al. 2020). Interest in applying for FACT-JACIE accreditation that includes IEC therapeutic programmes is clearly increasing, from four applications in 2017 to 36 applications approved in 2019. The standards do not cover the manufacturing of such cells but include the chain of responsibilities when the product is provided by a third party (Maus and Nikiforow 2017). In any case, all the steps in the process in which the centre is involved (e.g., patient or donor evaluations, cell collection, cell reception, and storage) are covered by the standards, including the appropriate agreements with the internal partners, including the pharmacy department. In addition, from a clinical perspective, IECs may require special safety monitoring systems due to the high frequency of acute adverse events related to the massive immunological reaction against the tumour. Although examples and explanations are found in the standard manual, here, the special importance of identifying and managing cytokine release syndrome (CRS) should be emphasized, and the standards focus not on specific therapeutic algorithms but on ensuring that medical and nursing teams are sufficiently trained in the early detection of this and other potential complications (e.g., neurological complications). They also pay attention to the full-time availability within the institution and its pharmacy of the necessary medication to address complications and the capacitation and involvement of Intensive Care and Neurology Department professionals to provide urgent care if needed. Forthcoming cellular therapy products, currently under investigation, will show a wider range of risk profiles, therefore requiring product-specific risk assessment and consequent adaptation of the clinical procedures for different classes of products. The FACT-JACIE standards will continue to adapt to these future needs to assist centres in their achievement of optimal clinical outcomes.
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Winiger, Fabian. "The Spirituality of Others and the WHO Discourse on Traditional Medicine." In The Spirit of Global Health, 83–112. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192865502.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter draws on primary literature published since the early 1970s to reconstruct three distinctive discourses behind the WHO’s interest in ‘traditional medicine’: the hope that it would provide the ‘manpower’ needed to roll out primary healthcare reform in developing countries; the political desire of newly decolonized nations for cultural and economic independence; and the idea that indigenous herbal remedies provided a repository of ‘active ingredients’ that would reduce the cost of medical care. Each rationale produced a distinctive accommodation of the inexplicable, ‘spiritual’ aspects of ‘traditional medicine’. Though the driving forces behind this development are diffuse, this chapter shows that the WHO’s interest in this topic traced a meandering but steady path towards a greater acceptance of non-biomedical healing modalities and alternative epistemologies of healing and caring
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Tshiamo, Wananani B., Mabedi Kgositau, and Mabel Magowe. "Use of Information and Communication Technology by Health Care Providers for Continuing Professional Development in Botswana." In Health Information Systems and the Advancement of Medical Practice in Developing Countries, 181–92. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2262-1.ch011.
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The impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the social and economic lives of people including the area of education cannot be overemphasized. Continuing education is an important vehicle for maintaining and improving professional standards and keeping in synch with the latest trends in the profession, especially for health care providers. Hinged on literature review, document review and case study, this chapter aims to elaborate on the importance of continuing professional development (CPD) to health and medical care, and how ICTs can be used as a platform for CPD. Focusing on Botswana as a case study, the chapter explores challenges and issues faced by health care providers in using ICTs to access CPD and includes solutions and recommendations. Challenges identified included underdeveloped ICT infrastructure and limited use of available ICT resources by health care providers.
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Digby, Anne, and Sheila Ryan Johansson. "Producing Health in Past and Present: The Changing Roles of Scientific and Alternative Medicine." In The Economic Future in Historical Perspective. British Academy, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263471.003.0016.
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This chapter explores some issues raised by historical changes in the positions of scientific and alternative medicine in health care provision, pointing out parallels between the coexistence of modern and traditional healers. It argues that in both developed and developing countries, maximizing the production of health-related welfare may require the continued existence of these two medical systems.
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Cicmil-Sarić, Nada, Milena Raspopović, and Damira Murić. "The Contribution of Spiritual, Religious, and Customary Heritage to the Personalization of Modern Oncology in Multiethnic Societies of Developing Countries." In Global Perspectives in Cancer Care, 422–31. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197551349.003.0041.
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Just a few decades ago, death was considered and accepted as an expected part of human existence: people were dying of old age and/or severe illness. The new age has brought a new concept: to delay aging and dying for as long as possible. Most of the once-incurable, life-threatening diseases, which include malignancies, have today become chronic diseases and their poor prognoses—terminal condition and fatal outcome—are difficult or impossible for a large part of the population to accept. A holistic and multidisciplinary approach to the cancer patient has become increasingly complex due to the application of personalized medicine: the right medicine, for the right patient, at the right time. Surgery, oncological radiology, and medical oncology are on this path and are combined with modern diagnostics, especially genetics, but also with new domains: ethical, legislative, sociological, economic, customary, and spiritual. Success in determining the genetic map of humans has brought about emotional, psychological, cultural, and religious dilemmas. Spirituality is ubiquitous in sufferers of all nations, races, ages, and, regardless of different religious formats, it sets a need, almost an imperative, to create spiritual care teams (SCTs,). Developing countries have largely overcome the low-level state of enlightenment of certain communities which, even today, perceive cancer as God’s will, punishment, or destiny. On the other hand, their transition in some countries takes a very long time. They have not yet reached the level of a developed consumer society, and some have fallen into the trap of class stratification, corruption, and discrimination. Comprehensive, targeted individualization for each oncology patient is crucial to the final outcome of the malignant disease.
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Gesler, Wil. "Medical Geography." In Geography in America at the Dawn of the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233923.003.0043.
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Medical geographers employ geographical concepts and techniques to study issues related to disease and health. In its early stages of development as a distinct geographic subdiscipline, from the 1950s and into the 1980s, medical geography focused on disease ecology and health-care delivery as topics and spatial analysis as technique. These three areas have maintained their importance and research productivity within them has increased over the last decade. At the same time, since the 1980s, medical geography has evolved into new areas of concern. Both those who continue to call themselves medical geographers and those who do not identify closely with the subdiscipline have moved toward a geography of health that is less concerned with disease and the medical world and more with well-being and social models of health and health care (Rosenberg 1998). Health geography is characterized by an emphasis on place and place meaning, grounding in socio-cultural theory, and a critical perspective on health issues (Kearns and Moon 2000). The evolution of medical geography led to lively debates in the mid-1990s (Kearns 1993; Mayer and Meade 1994; Litva and Eyles 1995; Philo 1996) that have been put into historical perspective by Del Casino and Dorn (1998). By the end of the 1990s, the dichotomy between old and new medical geographers constructed during the debate was giving way to complementarity and synthesis. As examples, disease ecology was opened out to include political economic concerns (Mayer 1996) and multi-level modeling combined aspects of spatial analysis with a focus on place (Duncan et al. 1996; Verheij 1999). The structure of this chapter results from a decision made by the Medical Geography Specialty Group (MGSG) to base its contribution to this volume on papers presented at two special sessions on “Retrospect and Prospect” during the 1998 Association of American Geographers meetings in Boston. The six presenters were Michael Greenberg on disease ecology, Ellen Cromley on health services, Gerard Rushton on spatial analysis, Susan Elliott on women’s health, Jennifer Wolch on mental health, and Joseph Scarpaci on the developing world.
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Naskar, Debasish, and Bappaditya Biswas. "Healthcare System of India and the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Study on the Challenges and Road Map Ahead." In Sustainable Strategies for Economic Growth and Decent Work: New Normal, 211–23. Lincoln University College, Malaysia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/book.2022sseg.024.
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The world is currently experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic in more than 200 countries and territories all over the globe. India is one of the worst-hit countries by this pandemic. The healthcare sector is one of the worst affected by this pandemic. The lack of protective equipment, including N95 face masks, sanitizers and poor sanitizing process, poor medical facilities, shortage of ICU beds and ventilators, and excessive healthcare costs have made the situation more dangerous and revealed the weakness in our healthcare system. Low investment in the public healthcare sector creates a challenge for India's COVID-19 containment strategy. A huge variation in the healthcare system can also be found across the different states in India. These variations create challenges for the country's disease containment strategy. Though a well-structured health care system and well-established infrastructure are needed to counter this pandemic, India is far behind compared to the other developed and developing countries. However, new opportunities have evolved for India to develop newer drugs and vaccines to stand against this pandemic.
Conference papers on the topic "Developing countries Medical care Economic aspects"
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Misheva, Kristina, and Marija Ampovska. "THE LEGAL ASPECTS OF TELEHEALTH." In The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22436.
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Telehealth seems to be the new normal in this fast-changing environment. According to the European Commission eHealth was among the highest priorities before the COVID -19 pandemic. Transformation of health and care in the digital single market is among the EU`s six political priorities of the Commission 2019-2024 (2018 Communication on Digital Health and Care). The pandemic caused by COVID-19 just accelerates the necessity of the inclusion of digital health into the traditional healthcare systems. Telehealth services are among the biggest eHealth trends in EU. Therefore, one of the challenges is the national, regional and regulatory priorities regarding telehealth. There is lack of telehealth special legislative and governmental policies that needs to stimulate the developing and innovative solutions in medicine through technology and to envisage the upcoming innovation technology. Therefore, the government support and adequate policy making is important to support the development of the telehealth services. One of the main challenges is the electronic transactions of patient data among the telehealth providers and services and the cross-border patient data share. Another issue is the exchange of information among the national health institutions and providers and their interoperability. The Macedonian legislation does not have special legislation (policies, or laws) about telehealth. Telehealth is regulated as a term in the Law on health protection. Additionally, there is a lack of national acts, literature, and research in this subject matter. Thus, this paper will explore the telehealth from two main perspectives: scientific theories and legal practice and the users’ practice. Hence, this paper will analyze the legislation about the telehealth on the EU level and the EU Member States and the Macedonian legislation and the impact on the e-health that was made during COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it will make comparative analyses among different countries into the EU zone compared with the EU aspirant country- the Republic of North Macedonia. A survey conducted among doctors in private and public healthcare institutions in the primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare levels in the city of Stip and in the city of Skopje will provide data about the challenges, risks, and trends in telehealth before and during COVID -19.
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Moloğlu, Vedat. "Rising Medical Tourism with a Value; Contribution to Turkey’s Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01440.
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In today’s globalising world, with the developing of countries, trying new income opportunities has been inevitable. Tourism, which is one of the biggest alternative income sources for countries, has been one of the sectors that getting more and more important for countries in terms of social and economic aspects. At first, doing tourism mostly refers to holiday and tours. However, recently this concept expanded with the added health tourism.
The main purpose of this study, investigating the medical tourism that is a type of health tourism and getting more and more important in Turkey. The study firstly begins with the giving information about concept definition of medical tourism, and historical background of it. Then, with the investigating medical tourism in the world and Turkey setting, it was aimed that reaching a holistic point of view about it in terms of macro and micro profits to our economy. Lastly, to execute existing state of medical tourism in Turkey, the opportunities and weakness of medical tourism in Turkey was defined. Managerial and further research implications are also provided.
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Liu, Chengcheng. "Strategies on healthy urban planning and construction for challenges of rapid urbanization in China." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/subf4944.
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In the past 40 years, China has experienced the largest and fastest urbanization development in the world. The infrastructure, urban environment and medical services of cities have been improved significantly. The health impacts are manifested in the decrease of the incidence of infectious diseases and the significant increase of the life span of residents. However, the development of urbanization in China has also created many problems, including the increasing pollution of urban environment such as air, water and soil, the disorderly spread of urban construction land, the fragmentation of natural ecological environment, dense population, traffic congestion and so on. With the process of urbanization and motorization, the lifestyle of urban population has changed, and the disease spectrum and the sequence of death causes have changed. Chronic noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute infectious diseases and become the primary threat to urban public health. According to the data published by the famous medical journal The LANCET on China's health care, the economic losses caused by five major non-communicable diseases (ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) will reach US$23 trillion between 2012 and 2030, more than twice the total GDP of China in 2015 (US$11.7 trillion). Therefore, China proposes to implement the strategy of "Healthy China" and develop the policy of "integrating health into ten thousand strategies". Integrate health into the whole process of urban and rural planning, construction and governance to form a healthy, equitable and accessible production and living environment. China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. The main strategies from national system design to local planning are as follows. First of all, the top-level design of the country. There are two main points: one point, the formulation of the Healthy China 2030 Plan determines the first batch of 38 pilot healthy cities and practices the strategy of healthy city planning; the other point, formulate and implement the national health city policy and issue the National Healthy City. The evaluation index system evaluates the development of local work from five aspects: environment, society, service, crowd and culture, finds out the weak links in the work in time, and constantly improves the quality of healthy city construction. Secondly, the reform of territorial spatial planning. In order to adapt to the rapid development of urbanization, China urban plan promote the reform of spatial planning system, change the layout of spatial planning into the fine management of space, and promote the sustainable development of cities. To delimit the boundary line of urban development and the red line of urban ecological protection and limit the disorderly spread of urban development as the requirements of space control. The bottom line of urban environmental quality and resource utilization are studied as capacity control and environmental access requirements. The grid management of urban built environment and natural environment is carried out, and the hierarchical and classified management unit is determined. Thirdly, the practice of special planning for local health and medical distribution facilities. In order to embody the equity of health services, including health equity, equity of health services utilization and equity of health resources distribution. For the elderly population, vulnerable groups and patients with chronic diseases, the layout of community health care facilities and intelligent medical treatment are combined to facilitate the "last kilometer" service of health care. Finally, urban repair and ecological restoration design are carried out. From the perspective of people-oriented, on the basis of studying the comfortable construction of urban physical environment, human behavior and the characteristics of human needs, to tackle "urban diseases" and make up for "urban shortboard". China is building healthy cities through the above four strategies. Committed to the realization of a constantly developing natural and social environment, and can continue to expand social resources, so that people can enjoy life and give full play to their potential to support each other in the city.