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1
International Seminar on Non-regular Employment (2011 Tokyo, Japan). Non-regular employment-issues and challenges common to the major developed countries: 2011 JILPT seminar on non-regular employment. Tokyo: The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training, 2011.
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Billero, Riccardo, Annick Farina, and María Carlota Nicolás Martínez, eds. I Corpora LBC. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-253-9.
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Nowadays, lexicographical studies require an interaction with Digital Humanities. This volume presents the genesis and structure of the LBC database, a digital work support tool developed by the Multilanguage Cultural Heritage Lexicon Research Unit under the aegis of the University of Florence, which allows to carry out text research in six different digital corpora (French, English, Italian, Russian, Spanish, German). The authors illustrate the specificities of each corpus in terms of the chosen sources and propose lexicographical and translational uses.
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Terehin, Valeriy, and Viktor Chernyshov. Efficiency and effectiveness of the penitentiary system: assessment and planning. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1079434.
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The issues of setting goals, planning and forming a system of indicators of the effectiveness and efficiency of the penal system are considered. The criteria for determining the goals-tasks that are adequate to the public goals of the system are justified. Quantitative indicators corresponding to the criteria were developed, based on the contribution of the criminal justice System to reducing the socio-economic losses of society from recidivism. The contribution of the system is determined by changes in the criminal potential of convicted persons during the period of serving a sentence under a court sentence. Criminal potentials are estimated by predictive values of the aggregate of three groups of characteristics of the criminal potential of convicts, determined by the stages of the cycle of recidivism. The practical results of the use of sound methods and developed tools are based on the use of a significant amount of empirical data on the institutions of the criminal justice system and its systematic expert and statistical analysis. The monograph is a generalization and development of the works carried out by the authors during 2012-2017 in the process of preparing masters of Management for the penal system. It is intended for managers and specialists of the bodies and institutions of the Criminal Justice System, researchers, teachers of higher educational institutions who train specialists for law enforcement agencies.
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Cevelev, Aleksandr. Material and technical support of railway transport. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1417121.
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The textbook covers topical issues of the implementation of the policy of JSC "Russian Railways" in the field of material and technical support of structural divisions of railway transport.
Based on the results of theoretical studies of the system management of business processes of material and technical support of railway transport, the diversification of the activities of supply authorities, the concept was formulated and a tree of management goals was developed, as well as the formalization of the existing business processes of the MTO system for the current period was carried out and the supply efficiency management system was considered in accordance with the SRT of JSC Russian Railways.
Recommendations on the implementation of the developed algorithms and models are of a long-term nature and will improve the efficiency of the system of providing services for providing material and technical resources to structural divisions and enterprises of railway transport.
Meets the federal state educational standards of the latest generation in the areas of training: 38.03.01 "Economics", 38.03.02 " Management "(profiles: "Corporate Management", "Logistics and Supply Chain Management").
It is intended for students of railway transport universities of economic and engineering specialties, as well as for managers and specialists of material and technical support of JSC "Russian Railways" who are interested in the issues of material, information and financial support of railway transport.
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Baryshnikov, Nikolay, and Denis Samygin. A strategic model for the sustainability of agrarian business: the options, risks, solutions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25264.
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The monograph substantiates the parameters of the formation of the concept of sustainability of the agricultural economy, summarizes the tools of financial management of the agricultural sector. The analysis of liquidity and diagnostics of efficiency of agricultural business is carried out on the example of commodity producers in the region.the models of agricultural policy for managing financial resources and sources of their formation are based on them.
The investment attractiveness is assessed and the financial and economic risks of agricultural business are measured. Financial solutions have been developed to optimize sustainability in the context of recommendations for improving liquidity and stabilizing the efficiency of the agricultural business.
The publication is intended for managers and specialists of agribusiness management, researchers and teachers of higher educational institutions.
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Ksenofontov, Boris. FLOTATION MULTISTAGE AND GENERALIZED MODELS OF THE PROCESS HARVESTERS OF KSENOFONTOV TYPE AND FOR SPECIAL PURPOSE. xxu: Academus Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/0022-8.
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A multistage and generalised flotation model, suggested more than 30 years ago by the author, is considered in a wide aspect for the first time in world literature for reader’s attention in monography. The possibilities of its usage are shown in different directions of water flotation purification, sediment thickening and enrichment of minerals. We have shed a light widely on matters concerning new flotation equipment as flotation harvesters of KBS type and for special purposes, which are developed on the basis of flotation process multistage and generalized models. Perspectives and intensification ways of water purification flotation processes are pointed out.
It is suggested for a wide range of readers, including researches, Higher education teachers, PhD students, Masters and Bachelors, Graduate students.
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Tarpin, Malo. Non-perturbative Renormalization Group Approach to Some Out-of-Equilibrium Systems: Diffusive Epidemic Process and Fully Developed Turbulence. Springer, 2020.
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Hintz, Lisel. Identity Politics Inside Out. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655976.001.0001.
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Teasing out the complex link between identity politics and foreign policy, this book turns the concept of identity politics as traditionally used in IR scholarship inside out. Rather than treating national identity as a cause or consequence of a state’s foreign policy, it rethinks foreign policy as an arena, alternative to domestic politics, in which contestation among competing proposals for national identity takes place. It argues that elites choose to take their contestation “outside” when their identity gambits are blocked at the domestic level by supporters of competing proposals, theorizing when and how internal identity politics becomes externalized. Turkey offers an ideal empirical window onto these dynamics because of dramatic challenges to understandings of Turkishness and because its identity is implicated in multiple international roles, such as NATO ally, EU candidate, and OIC member. Using intertextual analysis, the book extracts competing proposals for Turkey’s identity from a wide array of pop culture and social media sources, interviews, surveys, and archives. It then employs process tracing to demonstrate how elites sharing an Ottoman Islamist understanding of identity counterintuitively used an EU-oriented foreign policy to challenge the institutional grip of pro-Western, secular Republican Nationalism back home, thus clearing the way for an increased presence of Islam domestically and a renewed role in the Middle East. The framework developed closes the identity-foreign policy circle, analytically linking the “inside-out” spillover of national identity debates in foreign policy with changes in the contours of these debates produced by their contestation abroad.
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Schlieter, Jens. The Advent of Parapsychology and the Figuration of “Out-of-the-Body Experiences” (1880–1930). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888848.003.0008.
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This chapter outlines how the term “out-of-the-body experience” emerged in spiritualist and parapsychological literature. As is shown, “psychical researchers” such as Frederic W. Myers and William James made a significant contribution. The chapter also deals with the “filter” theory or “transmission” theory, i.e., the idea of the brain as a means for the inhibition of consciousness. This theory, as is shown, has been developed in close interaction with phenomena “near death”—in particular, the “panoramic life review.” The filter theory, discussed in subsequent chapters 2.6. and 2.7, too, is still favored by many recent protagonists of near-death experiences (e.g., Moody). Finally, the chapter turns to the increase of autoscopic out-of-body experiences, discussed as a phenomenon attesting a changing relationship of the disembodied consciousness toward its own body.
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Forster, Michael N. Philosophy of Mind. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199588367.003.0006.
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Herder developed a very powerful and influential philosophy of mind. He was the source of Hegel’s famous threefold distinction between subjective, objective, and absolute mind (or Geist). Concerning the fundamental mind–body question he wavered between neutral monism and materialism, but developed a theory that has marked advantages over rival theories such as dualism, mind–brain identity, and behaviorism. Accordingly, he also developed a naturalized reconception of immortality. He also worked out an important theory of the unity of the mind’s faculties. In addition, he argued both that minds are fundamentally social and that they nonetheless include individuality. And finally, he developed a rich and original theory of the unconscious. These positions are not only of great intrinsic value, but also exercised a powerful influence on successors such as Hegel, Schleiermacher, and Nietzsche.
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Singer, Abraham A. Toward a Relational Corporate Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190698348.003.0010.
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This chapter begins the presentation of a normative theory of the corporation, assessing corporate law in light of the argument in Part II. It argues that the relational approach to law, developed and pioneered by 20th-century feminist political and legal theorists, has a natural affinity with the norm-governance approach developed in previous chapters. While not always explicitly dealing with the specific questions that this book is concerned with, the framework and method of analysis that these scholars have developed for other branches of the law are useful for drawing out the implications of the norm-governance theory for questions of corporate law. Drawing on this tradition, this chapter sketches out what a relational approach to corporate law and business entails, the types of concerns it can help register, and some of the consequences this approach has for how firms and corporations are, and ought to be, structured. This includes a novel way of understanding corporate personality, fiduciary duty, limited liability, and at-will employment.
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G, Driver Marjorie, ed. Navigational data for the Mariana Islands: Developed according to information derived from the investigations carried out by the commandant of the French corvettes Uranie and Physicienne in 1819, to which unedited data from this office have been added : published by the Hydrographic Office, Madrid, 1863. [Mangilao, Guam]: Micronesian Area Research Center, 1987.
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De Vries, Catherine E. In or Out? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793380.003.0003.
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This chapter introduces a benchmark theory of public opinion towards European integration. Rather than relying on generic labels like support or scepticism, the chapter suggests that public opinion towards the EU is both multidimensional and multilevel in nature. People’s attitudes towards Europe are essentially based on a comparison between the benefits of the status quo of membership and those associated with an alternative state, namely one’s country being outside the EU. This comparison is coined the ‘EU differential’. When comparing these benefits, people rely on both their evaluations of the outcomes (policy evaluations) and the system that produces them (regime evaluations). This chapter presents a fine-grained conceptualization of what it means to be an EU supporter or Eurosceptic; it also designs a careful empirical measurement strategy to capture variation, both cross-nationally and over time. The chapter cross-validates these measures against a variety of existing and newly developed data sources.
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McClish, Mark. King. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0021.
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This chapter explores two related aspects of statecraft in ancient India: techniques of governance (nīti) and the king’s sacred duty under dharma (rājadharma). It is often held that rules on governance developed out of more fundamental reflections on law and obligation in the early Dharmaśāstra literature, that practical techniques of rule were articulations of the king’s sacred obligations. In fact, the early nīti tradition developed its rules on governance independent of the dharma tradition. The concept of rājadharma served to facilitate the integration of material from this pre-existing nīti tradition into the early dharma texts, which initially did not pay a great deal of attention to kings or kingship.
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Linnebo, Øystein. The Natural Numbers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641314.003.0010.
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How are the natural numbers individuated? That is, what is our most basic way of singling out a natural number for reference in language or in thought? According to Frege and many of his followers, the natural numbers are cardinal numbers, individuated by the cardinalities of the collections that they number. Another answer regards the natural numbers as ordinal numbers, individuated by their positions in the natural number sequence. Some reasons to favor the second answer are presented. This answer is therefore developed in more detail, involving a form of abstraction on numerals. Based on this answer, a justification for the axioms of Dedekind–Peano arithmetic is developed.
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Levinson, Marjorie. Of Being Numerous. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198810315.003.0007.
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The chapter offers a reading of Wordsworth’s “I wandered lonely as a Cloud.” It reviews standard readings of this canonical poem, all built upon a premise of dialectical subject formation. In lieu of that approach, the interpretation developed here emphasizes the emergence of singularity out of multiplicity. It is governed by a structure of thought developed by Spinoza and present-day commentators, and by reference to an early nineteenth-century theory of cloud formation. The discussion of singularity and multiplicity is rooted in number theory. Key resources for this reading are, in addition to Spinoza, mathematician Georg Cantor, physicist David Bohm, and contemporary cultural theorists William Connolly, Luke Howard, Warren Montag, and Tim Morton.
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Bennett, Judith, and Ruth Karras. Women, Gender, and Medieval Historians. Edited by Judith Bennett and Ruth Karras. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.013.037.
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This essay sets out the history and historiography of medieval women and gender as it stands in the second decade of the twenty-first century. It begins with a long view, tracing how approaches to medieval women have developed and changed from the sixteenth century to the twentieth. It then focuses on how feminist scholarship on the subject has developed since the 1970s. The essay addresses the importance of both women’s history and gender history; discusses topics explored and consensus conclusions; describes major debates in the field; and signals emerging topics and areas hitherto neglected. A summation of the state of the field, it both surveys what has been done to date and looks to what might be done in the future.
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Dame Rosalyn, DBE, QC, Higgins, Webb Philippa, Akande Dapo, Sivakumaran Sandesh, and Sloan James. Part 1 Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808312.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter first sets out the book’s purpose, namely to provide a comprehensive study of the legal practice of the UN. It provides assistance and guidance to those whose work requires them to understand the complex structures of the UN, the multitudinous legal issues that arise daily, and the practice to date. The chapter sets out the formal structures of the UN as they have developed over the years, the historical background, including the League of Nations, and the legal instruments involved in its creation.
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Zainal Abidin, Irwan Shah. Najibnomics: Transforming Malaysia to a high-income nation. UUM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670876214.
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his book attempts to understand Najibnomics-economic policies advocated by the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak, since he helmed office on April 3, 2009. Najibnomics refers to a new approach to Malaysias economic development which is typified by three main characteristics: knowledge, innovation and freedom.It is a set of strategies, programmes and measures meant to transform Malaysia into a high-income and developed nation by the year 2020.This book analyses Najibnomics in action, or rather attempts to problematise Najibnomics at the level of its implementation. Through Najibnomics, the Malaysian government strives to keep the momentum of a sustainable growth trajectory, to enhance the well-being of the rakyat (people) and ensure the country gets out of the middle-income trap to become a high-income and developed economy by the year 2020.
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Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo. Earning People’s Trust. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782810.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 (‘Earning People’s Trust’) tackles head on how banks must balance a number of issues and sort out challenges in the roll-out of new technology. This idea is developed by exploring different ways in which self-service through ATMs has been marketed to consumers. ATM networks in the 1990s were still error prone and this gave rise to a growing number of withdrawal transactions (aka ‘phantom withdrawals’) for which neither client nor bank wanted to take responsibility. The issue of ‘phantom withdrawals’ enables the discussion to explore some of the legal hurdles yet to be sorted out in the delivery of high-volume transactions at the dawn of the digital age.
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Ran, Hirschl. Introduction: The C Word. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198714514.003.0001.
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From its beginnings as a relatively obscure and exotic subject studied by a devoted few, comparative constitutionalism has developed into one of the more fashionable subjects in contemporary legal scholarship, and has become a cornerstone of constitutional jurisprudence and constitution-making in an increasing number of countries worldwide. Despite this tremendous renaissance, the “comparative” aspect of comparative constitutional law, as a method and a project, remains blurry and under-theorized. The introduction sets out the main arguments and structure of the book. The intellectual history and analytical underpinnings of comparative constitutional inquiry are charted and the various types, aims, and methodologies of engagement with the constitutive laws of others through the ages are probed. The introduction also surveys in a nutshell arguments developed in the book as to how and why comparative constitutional inquiry has been, and perhaps ought to be more extensively, pursued by academics and jurists worldwide.
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Knight, Frances. Anglicanism. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.9.
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This chapter analyses the ways nineteenth-century Anglicanism has been studied by scholars. Three different traditions of historiography are identified and explored. The first approach is interested in internal ecclesiastical debates, in relations between Church and state, and in wider social change. A brief discussion of the historiography of the Oxford Movement illustrates how academic approaches to this topic have developed since the 1840s. The second approach is scholarly immersion in nineteenth-century Anglican theology, which remained influential for most of the twentieth century. However, it fell out of favour from the 1980s, as new styles of theology became more fashionable. The third approach is the study of Anglicanism outside the British Isles. This developed from a focus on mission history and the development of the Anglican Communion, to more recent appreciation of global Anglicanism, seeking to do justice to the experience of Anglicans, wherever they live in the world.
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Davenport, Christian. A Relational Approach to Quality Peace. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680121.003.0005.
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This chapter lays out the measure of peace developed by Christian Davenport. As he sees it, peace concerns the degree to which two actors mutually and respectfully integrate. That is, they achieve a level of mutuality, with recognition of each other’s value. The author draws upon the earlier work of Harry Eckstein and Karl Deutsch for developing his measures for a scale of quality peace. His scale ranges from opposition on the mass
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Hintz, Lisel. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655976.003.0008.
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The final chapter encapsulates the usefulness of the inside-out approach developed in the book for future research. It outlines how the book fills a gap in existing scholarship by analytically linking the “inside-out” spillover of national identity debates into foreign policy with the changes in the contours of these debates produced by their contestation in this alternative arena. The chapter also suggests insights into the recent backlashes arising against the AKP’s identity project, with a focus on the 2013 Gezi protests and the Kurdish issue. In doing so, it considers the domestic and foreign policy ramifications of a possible hybrid identity proposal arising out of mutual contestation against Ottoman Islamism, as well as the red lines that might obstruct any such collaboration.
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Porter, Patrick. Epilogue. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807964.003.0007.
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The Epilogue offers two speeches to leave the matter for readers to judge. First, there is the televised address Prime Minister Tony Blair gave on the eve of war, outlining the logic of his position and asking for support. And there is an alternative address that a British premier could had given, against military action, setting out an alternative logic of restraint. It draws on arguments and warnings made and neglected at the time, and developed in this book.
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Lewis, David M. Differentials in the Magnitude of Slaveholding. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769941.003.0015.
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This chapter aims to explain the differing patterns of exploitation of slaves sketched in Chapters 5–13. It sets out a model of labour choice that draws on recent work, then fine-tunes it by adding two further variables: political geography and economic geography, which structured the location of demand and supply for slave labour and the resultant transport costs. It examines the effects of slave trading on supplier zones and argues that the demand for slaves from more politically developed regions damaged peripheral zones from which slaves were drawn by incentivizing violence and predation. The chapter ends by setting out ten conclusions to which this book has been leading.
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Baldwin, Thomas. Philosophy of Language in the Twentieth Century. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0003.
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During the first half of the twentieth century philosophy took a ‘linguistic turn’. (The phrase, which comes from Gustav Bergmann, was made famous by Richard Rorty as the title of an anthology of papers in which this development is set out and assessed.) The first clear signal of this development was Ludwig Wittgenstein's remark in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921) that ‘All philosophy is “Critique of Language”‘ and this work by Wittgenstein (which is discussed in this article) remains a classic presentation of the thesis that philosophy can only be undertaken through the critical study of language. Thus during the twentieth century philosophical approaches to language, the kinds of theorizing now known as ‘philosophy of language’, have been developed in a context in which language has been taken to be a primary resource for philosophy, and as a result there has been a two-way relationship in which conceptions of language and of philosophy have been developed together.
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Tiwari, Sandip. Electromechanics and its devices. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759874.003.0005.
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Electromechanics—coupling of mechanical forces with others—exhibits a continuum-to-discrete spectrum of properties. In this chapter, classical and newer analysis techniques are developed for devices ranging from inertial sensors to scanning probes to quantify limits and sensitivities. Mechanical response, energy storage, transduction and dynamic characteristics of various devices are analyzed. The Lagrangian approach is developed for multidomain analysis and to bring out nonlinearity. The approach is extended to nanoscale fluidic systems where nonlinearities, fluctuation effects and the classical-quantum boundary is quite central. This leads to the study of measurement limits using power spectrum and, correlations with slow and fast forces. After a diversion to acoustic waves and piezoelectric phenomena, nonlinearities are explored in depth: homogeneous and forced conditions of excitation, chaos, bifurcations and other consequences, Melnikov analysis and the classic phase portaiture. The chapter ends with comments on multiphysics such as of nanotube-based systems and electromechanobiological biomotor systems.
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Young, Serinity. Earth, Sky, Women, and Immortality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195307887.003.0002.
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From pre-historic bird goddesses through the winged goddesses of the ancient world, the changing form of such female divinities is explored through the human understanding of and relationship with birds, the longing for magical flight, and the worship of the sky. Later religious ideas developed out of these early beliefs into human ascensions, assumptions and the longing for apotheosis—the transformation of a human into a divinity. Many beliefs about aerial women were formulated in dreams of flying, or dreams of being visited by succubi—women who had sex with men while they slept.
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Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist, and Johan Hellsvik. Density Functional Theory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.003.0001.
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Density functional theory (DFT) has established itself as a very capable platform for modelling from first principles electronic, optical, mechanical and structural properties of materials. Starting out from the Dirac equation for the many-body system of electrons and nuclei, an effective theory has been developed allowing for materials specific and parameter free simulations of non-magnetic and magnetic solid matter. In this Chapter an introduction will be given to DFT, the Hohenberg-Kohn theorems, the Kohn-Sham equation, and the formalism for how to deal with non-collinear magnetism.
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Collini, Stefan. The Long Industrial Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800170.003.0007.
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This chapter starts from Raymond Williams’s claim to have shown how the concept of ‘culture’ developed out of the experience of the Industrial Revolution, demonstrating that his own evidence does not in fact support his claim. The chapter traces the development of Williams’s thinking from 1945 up the publication of Culture and Society, itemizing his indebtedness to the Leavisian framework and bringing out the ‘before-and-after’ character of his understanding of the role of the Industrial Revolution in replacing an organic society with an atomized, selfish form of social relationship. A close analysis of Culture and Society reveals the informing historical logic of a book that has been immensely influential yet has never really been received as a work of history.
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Haq, Khadija, ed. Industrialization and Trade Policies in the 1970s. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474684.003.0011.
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In the chapter, Haq again assuming the role of an advocate of the developing world, spells out various trade policy options for less developed countries—inward looking strategy, outward looking strategy, and regional and sub-regional co-operation. Haq raises questions about the presumed relationship between trade and development and clarifies that trade should not be regarded as the pacesetter in the development strategy for a country but merely as a derivative. Trade strategies, according to Haq, should be embedded in the context of an overall development strategy, not the other way around. He urged developing countries to first define a viable strategy for attacking problems of poverty and inequality and then figuring out trade possibilities geared towards meeting these goals.
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Dobson, Charles. Wandering and Direction in Creative Production. Edited by Kalina Christoff and Kieran C. R. Fox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190464745.013.31.
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The broad field of creative production offers many anecdotal books devoted to various methods for generating ideas. Most of these pay scant attention to such difficulties as figuring out an initial direction; sorting out which ideas are worth pursuing, and preventing a critical frame of mind nurtured by years of schooling from stymying the flow of ideas. With the literature missing much of what would be useful in everyday practice, and lacking the research that would answer basic questions, some productive professionals have developed unusual habits through years of trial and error. Many of these seem to involve shifting back and forth between a focus on wandering or going somewhere new, and a focus on direction or arriving at a specific place.
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Ludwig, Kirk. Singular Group Agents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789994.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 identifies features of plural group agents (picked out using plural referring terms) to contrast them with singular group agents (picked out with grammatically singular referring terms). On the basis of the contrasts, it develops the prima facie case against a reductive account of singular group action sentences. The main contrasts developed are that (i) many singular group action sentences appear not to admit of a distributive reading, (ii) membership in a singular group agent requires a special social status, (iii) singular group agents persist through changes in membership, (iv) could have had different members, (v) can act through periods during which their membership changes entirely, and (vi) appear to be able to act though not all their members contribute, in contrast to plural group agents.
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Gomez Arana, Arantza. The first attempt to negotiate the association agreement. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719096945.003.0006.
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This chapter aims to explain the phase in EU-Mercosur relations which negotiated the association agreement without reaching a successful ending. Both parties developed those negotiations under the European Mercosur Interregional Cooperation Agreement (EMIFCA). It was agreed that this agreement would be carried out in two phases. The first phase related to the preparation of the ground for future negotiations by comparing standards, statistical systems, trade procedures, whilst the second phase focussed on trade liberalization. The second phase of this agreement was also focussed on the actual negotiations. In the end, both parties were unable to reach an agreement and the negotiations were stopped in October 2004. This chapter will focus on the period up until the period where the EU became set on developing a political partnership with Brazil. In doing so, this decision marked the beginning of a new stage in history of EU policy towards Mercosur. By looking at how these two parts of the policy were developed, and how far both sides went in both their statements and actions it will be possible to discuss the level of engagement on the EU side towards Mercosur. It seems that there were actors within the EU willing to both increase and decrease the level of “ambition” and “commitment”. Also, Mercosur countries helped to overcome some of the obstacles and this should be considered in order not to attribute the whole outcome solely to EU behaviour. The EU developed the association agreement towards Mercosur at this stage because of the efforts of the Commissioner in charge of the policy until 1999.
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Levine, Joseph. Knowing What It’s Like. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800088.003.0006.
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This paper deals with self-knowledge as it applies to the contents of phenomenally conscious states. I argue that a plausible view of our epistemic situation with respect to the phenomenal character of our conscious states rules out various kinds of proposals for identifying phenomenal character with external properties. This paper comes at the issue of representationalism about phenomenal character from the angle of what is involved in self-knowledge of phenomenal character. The main problem, as developed here, is that externalist theories of phenomenal character are inherently vulnerable to “Frege cases,” in which we can internally distinguish our representational states even though they pick out the same external property. By pinning our experience on the identity of the referent of our perceptual states, the theory undermines our intimate self-knowledge of experience.
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Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Emerging Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.001.0001.
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Fifteen years ago, Jeffrey Jensen Arnett proposed emerging adulthood as a new life stage at ages 18-29, one distinct from both the adolescence that precedes it and the young adulthood that eventually follows. Rather than marrying and becoming parents in their early 20s, most people in developed countries now postpone these transitions until at least their late 20s, spending these years in self-focused explorations as they try out different possibilities in their education, careers, and relationships. Since Arnett proposed his theory of emerging adulthood in 2000, it has turned into a full-fledged academic field, and the ideas have been applied in practical areas as well, such as mental health and education. The Oxford Handbook of Emerging Adulthood brings together for the first time the wealth of theory and research that has developed in this new and burgeoning field. It includes chapters by many prominent scholars on a wide range of topics, such as brain development, relations with friends, relations with parents, expectations for marriage, sexual relationships, media use, substance use and abuse, and resilience. The chapters both summarize the existing research and point the way to new prospects for research in the years to come.
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Dossett, Kate. Radical Black Theatre in the New Deal. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469654423.001.0001.
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Between 1935 and 1939, the United States government paid out-of-work artists to write, act, and stage theatre as part of the Federal Theatre Project (FTP), a New Deal job relief program. In segregated “Negro Units” set up under the FTP, African American artists took on theatre work usually reserved for whites, staged Black versions of “white” classics, and developed radical new dramas. In this fresh history of the FTP Negro Units, Kate Dossett examines what she calls the Black performance community—a broad network of actors, dramatists, audiences, critics, and community activists—who made and remade Black theatre manuscripts for the Negro Units and other theatre companies from New York to Seattle. Tracing how African American playwrights and troupes developed these manuscripts and how they were then contested, revised, and reinterpreted, Dossett argues that these texts constitute an archive of Black agency, and understanding their history allows us to consider Black dramas on their own terms. The cultural and intellectual labor of Black theatre artists was at the heart of radical politics in 1930s America, and their work became an important battleground in a turbulent decade.
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MacBride, Fraser. Moore’s Early Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811251.003.0003.
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This chapter explains and develops a sense of the intellectual momentum that drove G.E. Moore from Kantianism to his New Philosophy. The chapter begins by describing the movement of thought that began with Moore’s 1898 Fellowship dissertation and the enduring lines of criticism of Kant’s Copernican Revolution subsequently developed in ‘The Refutation of Idealism’ (1903) and other writings. Next the chapter lays out the conceptual realism of Moore’s ‘The Nature of Judgment’ (1899). Moore recapitulated Hegel’s critique of Kant and advanced the doctrine that the world itself is thinkable—that cognition is possible because reality is itself a sea of information.
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Lewis, David M. The Archaic Greek World. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769941.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the role of slavery in the worlds of Homer and of Hesiod, and asks what historical conditions these portrayals might reflect. It provides a critique of the current orthodoxy, developed by M. I. Finley, which holds that the emergence of a ‘slave society’ in Greece occurred in the sixth century BC. Slavery is shown to have underpinned elite fortunes at least as early as 700 BC. A different model of the evolution of slavery in the Greek world is set out, in which different regions diverged from the ‘Homeric’ model to differing degrees and for different reasons.
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Odora-Hoppers, Catherine A. Indigenous knowledge systems. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703327.003.0015.
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Chapter 15 describes the tensions that exist between Western scientific approaches and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. It illustrates the way in which traditional knowledge of, for example, herbal medicines, has a potentially very high economic value and describes how this can be developed in partnership between local and global interests. It also covers the author’s role as Professor of Development Education in creating a new interdisciplinary field of study, which strengthens the role of Indigenous Knowledge Systems in the social and economic development of Africa and opens out new ways of seeing the world and acting to improve it.
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Wagner, Ina. Critical Reflections on Participation in Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733249.003.0008.
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Participatory design has a strong moral and political commitment to including users in all design decisions from the start of a project. Hence, the ambition of participatory designers reaches beyond mere user involvement. Many of the creative participatory techniques the participatory-design community has developed have spread out. However, in spite of an impressive list of inspiring projects and major contributions to design practice, participatory design remains somewhat marginal. This chapter aims to identify why this might be so. It also looks at recent developments, such as the design of IT infrastructures, collaboration with marginalized groups, and extending participation to communities.
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Ford, Matthew. Engineering the Battlefield. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190623869.003.0004.
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This chapter is concerned with exploring the way that engineers sought to reframe and make sense of user experiences of battle. The chapter shows how Britain’s engineers tried to introduce an innovative design of assault rifle into the British Army. The arguments they developed in turn had a range of impacts on American engineers who were themselves going through a series of discussions on how to update rifle technology. In terms of military innovation, this represented neither top-down nor bottom-up innovation. Instead, we might describe the efforts of these engineers as middle-out innovation.
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Galvin, Rachel. W. H. Auden. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623920.003.0003.
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This chapter argues that W. H. Auden developed meta-rhetoric in response to his guilt about being too young to fight in World War I and to his reservations concerning the ethics of making verse out of other people’s bodily experience. After demonstrating that Auden’s Spanish Civil War poetry and prose was shaped by his critique of how the press mediates and represents war, the chapter examines his mock reportage of the Sino–Japanese War, contending that ethically motivated self-scrutiny drives Auden’s use of rhetoric during this period and is an unmistakable hallmark of his wartime poetry.
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Möller, Tommy. The Parliamentary System. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.7.
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In Sweden, parliamentarianism developed in parallel with the process of democratization that started in the end of the nineteenth century and ended with the implementation of universal suffrage in 1921. The definitive parliamentary breakthrough came in 1917, after a drawn-out process. Not until the establishing of the Instrument of Government of 1974 was parliamentarianism formally expressed in the Constitution. Swedish parliamentarianism has been distinguished for its stability, although minority governments have dominated within the system. In recent decades, after the new constitution was adopted, the government’s position in relation to Parliament has been strengthened, mainly as a consequence of the EU membership.
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Antrobus, Abby. Medieval Shops. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.15.
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This chapter reviews the evidence for and recent current debates on the types and character of medieval shops, shophouses, stalls, selds, and undercrofts, revealing in the process some of the environs experienced by the medieval shopper and the types of structure students of towns should consider. It also draws out geographical and chronological trends in commercial building stock (1050–1550) and, in doing so, frames the street as an arena where consumer choices and the businesses and identity of sectors of urban society were made. Britain had a widespread and well-developed shopping culture by at least 1300.
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Kenney, Padraic. “Everyone Learned Prison”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199375745.003.0004.
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Incarcerated for their politics, prisoners must still figure out what a political prisoner is and does. They do so through interactions with more experienced prisoners or by reading instructions prepared by their movement. They also follow models available to them in literature or in popular legend; Nelson Mandela is one such model as are the IRA men in Long Kesh. Prisoners developed a political group identity by defining themselves against the criminals with whom they often shared cells and prisons, and against the guards. Key examples include interactions on Robben Island and in the camps of the Irish Civil War.
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Nikoletta, Kleftouri. 6 International Standards on Deposit Insurance. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743057.003.0006.
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An overarching theme in recent discussions of financial regulation has been the desirability of an internationally level playing field. A level playing field aims at ensuring that internationally active financial institutions compete on an equal footing and that the most efficient institutions gain a larger market share. This chapter sets out the international standards and best practices that have been developed in the area of deposit insurance by the European Forum of Deposit Insurers, the International Association of Deposit Insurers, and the Financial Stability Board. It goes on to offer a general overview of the architecture of deposit insurance systems around the globe.
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Risse, Guenter B. Domains of Contagion and Confinement. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039843.003.0002.
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This chapter maps out the sites of contagion and confinement in nineteenth-century California. Each epidemic outbreak offers a unique blend of environmental circumstances, biological agencies, and cultural contexts that shape not only public opinion but also medical beliefs and measures. To counteract the nefarious effects of contagion, past societies developed several responses, all of which were geared toward detaining people already displaying signs of sickness and temporarily holding those suspected of potential exposure to the identified scourge. Thus the chapter considers how the public coped with contagion and the “miasma” of disease primarily by isolating the disease via scapegoating, quarantining—among others.
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Feng, Bo, and Hairong Feng. Advice Across Cultures. Edited by Erina L. MacGeorge and Lyn M. Van Swol. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630188.013.19.
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This chapter reviews existing research related to understanding the influence of culture on advice communication. Key theoretical frameworks and constructs that have been used to guide the study of advice and culture are reviewed, as are major patterns of findings about cultural similarities and differences in advice seeking, provision, and responses. Pragmatic implications for communication of advice in intercultural contexts are discussed as well. Attention is also given to challenges of researching advice across cultures, as well as to limitations of existing theories that have informed or developed out of this body of research. Directions for future research are suggested.