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1
Dragan, А. P., О. V. Flionts, М. І. Klendiy, R. М. Kotyk, and І. І. Semeniv. "Features of Manufacturing Spiral Corrugated Blanks From Various Profiles of Corrugations." Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, no. 29 (November 30, 2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2018-2-7.
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The leading role in the field of using spiral mechanisms plays the design and manufacture of corrugated spiral working bodies, which are widely used in mixers, heat exchangers, machines for borontation of free abrasives, in the confectionery and pharmaceutical industries, etc. Increasing the requirements to the design and technological parameters, quality, reliability and durability, enhanced technological capabilities require deep analysis of existing structures and technologies of their production and the development of scientific research on theoretical and experimental studies and their successful implementation in production. The paper focuses on the development and implementation of new advanced technological processes of spiral corrugated and ring blanks. The results of theoretical and experimental research were based on the development and analysis of technological schemes for the formation of screw corrugated blanks in order to improve the mixing of bulk materials. The functional and structural and technological features of spiral corrugated blanks manufacture and the designing of the appropriate technological equipment and facilities with the withdrawal of the analytical dependences for determination of treatment regimes. The analytical dependences for determination of power and structural parameters of technological process of bending blanks between two cylindrical gear cross-sectional toothed wheels. Characteristics curves of spiral corrugated blanks on the basis of width and thickness of the lines and the workpiece step of 1 ... 3 mm thickness and with 15 ... 25….30 mm width are given in the paper. The results of the experiment show that labor productivity will increase by 20-30% in manufacturing, 2-3 times in control operations
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Trukhanov, V. M., N. V. Fedorova, and G. V. Trukhanov. "ENSURING RELIABILITY FOR COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS LIKE MOVABLE MOUNTINGS OF SPECIAL PURPOSE." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 274 (2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.01.pp.042-047.
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The article is devoted to the question of ensuring the reliability of complex technical systems such as special purpose mobile units for extended service life. The features of maintainability of complex systems as one of the properties of mobile units, which must be taken into account in the development of structures, provide them in the manufacture and maintain during operation at a given level of quantitative reliability. The qualitative analysis of design solutions to ensure accessibility to places of control and maintenance, meet the requirements for interchangeability, unification and structural and technological continuity is described. Mathematical dependences for assessing the maintainability of special-purpose mobile installations in the form of distribution laws and failure recovery times are presented, as well as mathematical dependencies on the determination of spare parts and materials necessary for timely ensuring reliability, in particular maintainability, during operation.
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Woodworth, Philip L. "Tide prediction machines at the Liverpool Tidal Institute." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-11-15-2020.
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Abstract. The 100th anniversary of the Liverpool Tidal Institute (LTI) was celebrated during 2019. One aspect of tidal science for which the LTI acquired a worldwide reputation was the development and use of tide prediction machines (TPMs). The TPM was invented in the late 19th century, but most of them were made in the first half of the 20th century, up until the time that the advent of digital computers consigned them to museums. This paper describes the basic principles of a TPM, reviews how many were constructed around the world and discusses the method devised by Arthur Doodson at the LTI for the determination of harmonic tidal constants from tide gauge data. These constants were required in order to set up the TPMs for predicting the heights and times of the tides. Although only 3 of the 30-odd TPMs constructed were employed in operational tidal prediction at the LTI, Doodson was responsible for the design and oversight of the manufacture of several others. The paper demonstrates how the UK, and the LTI and Doodson in particular, played a central role in this area of tidal science.
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Kasabova, Kateryna, Nataliа Shmatchenko, Aleksey Zagorulko, and Andreii Zahorulko. "Determination of the comprehensive indicator of pastille with the use of multi-component fruit-berry paste." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 3(59) (July 2, 2021): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.232352.
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The object of research in this work is the technology of pastille with the addition of multicomponent fruit and berry paste. Pastille are becoming more and more popular in the world for all segments of the population. Usually, the main ingredients for their manufacture are fruit raw materials, a structurant and egg white, therefore, the products contain practically no fat and have a low calorie content. It is proposed to replace 75 % of traditional applesauce in the recipe with a multicomponent fruit and berry paste made from apples, cranberries, hawthorn. It was found that such a composition makes it possible to obtain products with an increased content of pectin substances, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, including anthocyanins, catechins and flavonols. The work is aimed at studying the application of the principles of qualimetry to determine a complex indicator of the quality of pastille For this, the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed pastille were taken from previous studies and the chemical composition was determined and the content of biologically active substances was calculated relative to the average daily human need. The content of pectin substances in new products increases 1.7 times and satisfies the average daily human need by 18.2 %. The content of ascorbic acid is 4.2 times higher, which is 20.5 % of the average daily human need, and polyphenols 3.2 times higher – 579.0 %. The data obtained make it possible to consider the developed product functional. The next step was to determine the complex indicator of products by the qualimetric method. For a more complete disclosure of product properties, a structure of pastille quality indicators has been developed – a «tree of properties». Thus, the comprehensive assessment of the quality of the control sample corresponds to the indicator «good» (0.66), while the integrated assessment of pastille with multicomponent paste corresponds to the indicator «very good» (0.98). On the basis of organoleptic, physicochemical indicators and chemical composition of products, it was established that the indicator of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of a pastille with a multicomponent paste, taking into account all group indicators, is 48 % higher compared to the control.
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BREIDT, F., K. KAY, J. COOK, J. OSBORNE, B. INGHAM, and F. ARRITT. "Determination of 5-Log Reduction Times for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, or Listeria monocytogenes in Acidified Foods with pH 3.5 or 3.8†." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-528.
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A critical factor in ensuring the safety of acidified foods is the establishment of a thermal process that assures the destruction of acid-resistant vegetative pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. For acidified foods such as dressings and mayonnaises with pH values of 3.5 or higher, the high water phase acidity (acetic acid of 1.5 to 2.5% or higher) can contribute to lethality, but there is a lack of data showing how the use of common ingredients such as acetic acid and preservatives, alone or in combination, can result in a 5-log reduction for strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes in the absence of a postpackaging pasteurization step. In this study, we determined the times needed at 10°C to achieve a 5-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7, S. enterica, and L. monocytogenes in pickling brines with a variety of acetic and benzoic acid combinations at pH 3.5 and 3.8. Evaluation of 15 different acid-pH combinations confirmed that strains of E. coli O157:H7 were significantly more acid resistant than strains of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes. Among the acid conditions tested, holding times of 4 days or less could achieve a 5-log reduction for vegetative pathogens at pH 3.5 with 2.5% acetic acid or at pH 3.8 with 2.5% acetic acid containing 0.1% benzoic acid. These data indicate the efficacy of benzoic acid for reducing the time necessary to achieve a 5-log reduction in target pathogens and may be useful for supporting process filings and the determination of critical controls for the manufacture of acidified foods.
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Hajderi, Asllan, and Shkelqim Gjevori. "On Determination of Pollution in Urban Junction, Caused by Vehicles." European Journal of Sustainable Development 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n4p51.
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In this study, given the determination of the pollution quantity from vehicles in an urbanjunction in order to reduce the pollution level and fuel. The pollution caused by vehicles,it is taken based on production years within the EC directives. Types of vehiclescirculating are determined based on vehicles state, divided by production years and thetype of engine.For urban junction with roundabout "Zogu Zi", they are performed measurements ofvehicles number, that move in an hour, describing way with slowly and relevant time. Forthis junction it is calculated vehicle speed at the junction and pollution quantity isconverted to g/min and then it is determined the pollution quantity per hour for existingstate of vehicles divided into 5 groups, according to pollution level. For practicalapplication, only vehicles manufactured after 2000 in circulation, it results that can beachieved a pollution reduction at the junction up to 3 times. To realize this, it is proposedthe removal of customs duty for vehicles manufactured after 2001 and establishment ofadditional environmental tax, proportional to the pollution degree for vehicles incirculation.
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Himata, Katsuichi, Charles Warner, Douglas Currie, Qian Graves, and Gregory Diachenko. "The Use of Electrodialysis to Prepare Aqueous Bread Extracts for Bromate Determination by Chemiluminescence." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.3.794.
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Abstract A cleanup procedure based on electrodialysis is described for the preparation of aqueous bread extracts for bromate determination by chemiluminescence. The technique utilizes electrophoresis with 3 chambers separated by semipermeable membranes. The relative merits of reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes with various molecular weight cutoffs were evaluated. The best results were obtained with an RO membrane manufactured from thin-film (composite) polysulfone as support for polyamide. A 0.14M sodium sulfate solution in the center or collection chamber provides optimum conductivity. Aqueous hydroxylamine sulfate (30mM) was selected for the anode compartment as a reductant for the anode oxidation products. The constant current mode at 150 mA with a potential of ca 100 volts was used. After electrophoretic separation, the bromate concentration in the collection chamber was typically 2 to 3 times greater than the concentration in the bread extract. The chemiluminescent reaction of bromate with sulfite with hydrocortisone as the enhancer was selected for detection of bromate. The emission, with a wavelength maximum at 575 nm, was found to “glow” rather than “flash” after the reagents were mixed; therefore, it was possible to optimize the light collection period. The method was validated with a variety of commercial bread products. White bread, hot dog buns, hamburger rolls, and a multigrain bread from 7 different manufacturers were studied.
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Lipina, Jan, Václav Krys, and Jiří Marek. "Bend Testing on Components Manufactured by Rapid Prototyping Technology in Combination with other Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 772 (July 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.772.44.
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The knowledge of the mechanical properties of the material used is a necessary prerequisite for the quality design of any structural unit. It applies to components manufactured using Rapid Prototyping technology (hereinafter only RP) multiple times, because it is not enough to only know the mechanical properties of a material from which the components are printed. Other factors affect the component printing, such as the orientation of the printed component, the selection of the component's internal structure, possibility of connection with other materials, etc. The article follows from the previous research of the experimental determination of the bend strength of parts printed by RP technology from polycarbonate, which focuses on bend-testing of samples printed with various internal structures. This article expands on the original research by experimental determination of the bend strength of printed components, which form a unit with another material. The obtained information can be utilised in the design of components manufactured with RP technology using professional printers.
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Sustova, Kvetoslava, Jiri Mlcek, Tana Luzova, and Jan Kuchtik. "Utilization of FT-NIR Spectroscopy to Check Acidity of Various Types of Cheeses." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0250.
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Abstract Background: Monitoring the acidity of cheese is an important control mechanism in various stages of manufacture, including aging. Acid development in cheesemaking is essential to cheese flavor, texture, and safety. Objective: The aim of the work was to develop and validate calibration models by using NIR spectroscopy, which allows for the monitoring of changes in cheese acidity (pH and titration acidity) during cheese ripening. Methods: Cheeses were analyzed by an FT-NIR spectrometer. Each of the samples was analyzed three times, and for calibration, an average spectrum was used. A partial least-squares regression was used to develop calibration models. The constructed calibration models were validating by full cross-validation. Results: Calibration models were created with a high correlation coefficient for the following cheese pH levels: blue cheese (0.966), Olomouc curd read smear cheese (0.984), and fresh goat cheese (0.980). Results of the calibration of titratable acidity are functional for fresh goat cheese (0.953) and mozzarella (0.999). Conclusions: The results of these new calibration methods showed the possibility of NIR technology for the fast determination of pH and titratable acidity. Highlights: Detection of cheese acidity using FT-NIR spectrometry enables rapid evaluation of the process of lactic acidification in particular cheese technological operations, including the maturing of cheeses.
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Manns, Thorsten, André Rothkirch, and Berthold Scholtes. "Residual stress determination in surface treated alumina samples applying beam limiting masks." Powder Diffraction 24, S1 (June 2009): S77—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3133147.
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This paper deals with the implementation of a theoretically described method to determine residual stresses in real space directly by means of small gauge volumes. For this purpose, beam limiting masks were designed, manufactured, and investigated in first experiments. Image series taken with a position sensitive CCD camera demonstrate the ability to detect interferences from gauge volumes beneath the sample surface by defined slit geometries. The experiments show that due to the highly absorbing masks the amount of detectable photons is poor, and thus long exposure times are necessary to receive suitable data. For increasing measurement depths (altering masks) a decrease in the intensity can be detected which leads to the assumption that the diffracted photons originate from deeper regions in the material. A model was developed to simulate the diffraction conditions with different mask layouts and material properties. Modeling yields consistent results with experimental data, and thus provides a basis for further improvements of the experimental setup and the realization and assessment of residual stress measurements.
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Yakovlev, A. A., V. D. Antonov, T. A. Druzhkova, A. B. Guekht, and N. V. Gulyaeva. "Determination of Cholesterol and Triglyceride Concentrations in Serum Extracellular Vesicles Using Commercial Kits." Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods 4, no. 2 (2021): e00148. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/bmcrm00148.
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Exosomes and microvesicles, collectively referred to as small extracellular vesicles (sEV) are vesicles with an average size of about 100-150 nm. Currently, the role of sEV in various aspects of signaling in the body is being actively investigated; in addition, sEV can often serve as markers of various pathologies. The active study of the sEV composition is continuing. In this study we have demonstrated that in sEV it is possible to determine cholesterol and triglycerides concentration by using commercial kits designed for serum. The technique was tested on sEV from the blood of patients diagnosed with depression and on healthy volunteers. No differences were found in the concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in mEV from the blood serum of depressed patients and the control group. The concentration of cholesterol and triglycerides in the samples is several times higher than the sensitivity threshold of the methods set by the manufacturer of the kits.
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Sadeghi, Zahra, Nabi Shariatifar, Gholamreza J. Khaniki, Ramin Nabizadeh, and Amin M. Khaneghah. "Determination and Evaluation of Natural and Synthetic Dyes in Traditional Rock Candies (Nabat) Distributed in Tehran." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 788–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190717122120.
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Background: The color of food products is one of the most important factors proposed by the consumer. Therefore, incorporation of coloring agents into food dates back to ancient times. Nowadays, various types of synthetic dyes are produced and widely used as part of formulations of food products to increase customer’s interest As the safety of this material is questionable, many of them are banned, or the level of their use is limited by the authorities. Among them, saffron is the only food color permitted for use in Nabat as a traditional rock candy which is mostly consumed in Iran. Therefore, the current investigation was aimed to determine the levels of artificial colors in traditional hard candy (Nabat) manufactured by organized and unorganized sectors distributed in Tehran. Methods: In this regard, 137 samples, (68 samples from unorganized sector and 69 samples from the organized sector), were collected in summer 2016. Analysis of samples was done according to the Iranian national standard through thin layer chromatography method. Also, the High-performance thin layer chromatography was used for reanalyzing five samples. Results: Findings showed that 64.7% of unorganized rock candy contained artificial food colors that 26.53% of these dyes are banned. About 5.8% of samples from the organized sector contained synthetic dyes that 25% of them are forbidden. The most commonly used color in both groups was defined as quinoline yellow. Conclusion: The high percentage of synthetic food color usage in unorganized sectors urges the necessity to control them, especially the incorporation of synthetic food dyes in Nabat. Therefore, the training providers and consumers and the monitoring of the production, have encouraged the manufacturers to develop and deploy health professionals and health license.
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Randazzo, Luciana, Michela Ricca, Silvestro Ruffolo, Marco Aquino, Barbara Davidde Petriaggi, Flavio Enei, and Mauro F. La Russa. "An Integrated Analytical Approach to Define the Compositional and Textural Features of Mortars Used in the Underwater Archaeological Site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy)." Minerals 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9050268.
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This paper aims to carry out an archaeometric characterization of mortar samples taken from an underwater environment. The fishpond of the archaeological site of Castrum Novum (Santa Marinella, Rome, Italy) was chosen as a pilot site for experimentation. The masonry structures reached the maximum thickness at the apex of the fishpond (4.70 m) and consisted of a concrete conglomerate composed of slightly rough stones of medium size bound with non-hydraulic mortar. After sampling, for a complete characterization of selected mortar fragments, different and complementary techniques (stereomicroscopy, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction analysis) were carried out in order to: a) define the minero-petrographic features; and b) investigate their state of conservation. The obtained data allowed the determination of the main constituents of mortars from a compositional point of view. The raw materials, in fact, were quite homogeneous, as well as the ratio in which they were mixed, confirming the typical "recipe" used in Roman times to manufacture hydraulic-type mortars by adding pozzolana. At the same time, it was possible to identify the various degradation processes we were interested in, namely, biological colonization (bio-fouling) that develops differently according to environmental conditions. Based on characterization phase results, the research will help to develop adequate techniques for intervention (innovative tools and methods for the protection of underwater cultural heritage) with particular regard to cleaning and consolidating procedures to be carried out directly in situ.
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Loeliger, E. A., A. M. H. P. van den Besselaar, and S. M. Lewis. "Reliability and Clinical Impact of the Normalization of the Prothrombin Times in Oral Anticoagulant Control." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 53, no. 01 (1985): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1661257.
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SummaryIn 1983, the World Health Organization (WHO) published recommendations for normalization, in oral anticoagulant control, of the prothrombin time (PT). The common denominator is the International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of a thromboplastin, obtained by means of thromboplastin calibration. The common scale is that of the International Normalized Ratio (INR). The INR is the PT ratio Patient PT/normal PT which would have been found normal PT with the WHO primary international reference preparation (IRP) 67/40. The reliability of the INR depends on the extent of calibration precision, patient-specific influences, as well as interlaboratory variation in the PT determination. Under well-controlled conditions the overall coefficient of variation (CV) of the INR is 11-13.5%, if thromboplastins of ISI ≃ 1 are used. For so-called low-sensitivity thromboplastins (ISI ≃ 2-2.5), the overall variation is larger due to a large between-laboratory variation of the measured PT-ratiosThe user of thromboplastin will be provided with a chart or graph enabling him to convert the conventional terms used for expressing PTs into INRs. For quality assurance, and to prepare his own calibration chart if necessary, he should check normalization by means of control plasmas to which INRs have been assigned.There is sufficient clinical evidence to express optimal therapeutic ranges in terms of INR. Manufacturers should revise and adapt their inserts where necessary in order to conform to these requirements.
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Todorovic, Ana, Aleksandar Todorovic, Aleksandra Spadijer-Gostovic, Vojkan Lazic, Biljana Milicic, and Slobodan Djurisic. "Reliability of conventional shade guides in teeth color determination." Vojnosanitetski pregled 70, no. 10 (2013): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp110513019t.
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Background/Aim. Color matching in prosthodontic therapy is a very important task because it influences the esthetic value of dental restorations. Visual shade matching represents the most frequently applied method in clinical practice. Instrumental measurements provide objective and quantified data in color assessment of natural teeth and restorations. In instrumental shade analysis, the goal is to achieve the smallest ?E value possible, indicating the most accurate shade match. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of commercially available ceramic shade guides. Methods. VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA, Germany) was used for instrumental color determination. Utilizing this device, color samples of ten VITA Classical and ten VITA 3D - Master shade guides were analyzed. Each color sample from all shade guides was measured three times and the basic parameters of color quality were examined: ?L, ?C, ?H, ?E, ?Elc. Based on these parameters spectrophotometer marks the shade matching as good, fair or adjust. Results. After performing 1,248 measurements of ceramic color samples, frequency of evaluations adjust, fair and good were statistically significantly different between VITA Classical and VITA 3D Master shade guides (p = 0.002). There were 27.1% cases scored as adjust, 66.3% as fair and 6.7% as good. In VITA 3D - Master shade guides 30.9% cases were evaluated as adjust, 66.4% as fair and 2.7% cases as good. Conclusion. Color samples from different shade guides, produced by the same manufacturer, show variability in basic color parameters, which once again proves the lack of precision and nonuniformity of the conventional method.
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Momenbeik, Fariborz, and Elham Yazdani. "Application of Methyl Silane Coated Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles for Solid-Phase Extraction and Determination of Fat-Soluble Vitamins by High Performance Liquid Chromatography." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.13-403.
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Abstract Methyl silane coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were used for simultaneous extraction of the fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs). The amounts of extracted vitamins were determined by HPLC. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with silica and then modified withtrimethoxymethylsilane (TMMS). The prepared particles were characterized by different methods. The best amounts of silica and TMMS in sorbent synthesis were1.2 and 0.5 mL, respectively. The optimum pH values for the sample solution and washing buffer were 5 and 3, respectively. Application of 100 mg sorbent, 700 μL tetrahydrofuran, 5-fold dilution of the sample solution, and 1 min for sorption and desorption times were among the best conditions. At the optimum conditions, the calibration plots for each vitamin were obtained with good linearity (R2 >0.9992) and suitable linear ranges. This method has a low LOD (<76.1 μg/mL), acceptable repeatability (RSD <5.63%) and reproducibility (RSD<4.71%), and good accuracy (recovery >90.3%). Preconcentration of low concentrations of vitamin D3 was performed, and results showed 3.7 times greater sensitivity after preconcentration. Finally, the amounts of the FSVs in pharmaceutical formulations were determined using the proposed method, and results showed good agreement with those reportedby manufacturers.
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Sharova, N. Yu, B. S. Manzhieva, A. A. Printseva, and T. V. Vybornova. "Beta-glucans from biomass of plant and microbial origin." Food systems 2, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2019-2-1-23-26.
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The aim of the present study is to explore the transformation of (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucans of rye biomass byAspergills niger and accumulation of (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucans in the microbial cell wall.Biomass from rye grain was obtained as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis of grain grinding of Omsk region of non-standard quality with grain impurity content of 45 ± 2 % by preparations (1→4)-β-glucanolytic, (1→3)-β-glucanolytic, (1→4)-xylanolytic and (1→4)-amylolytic action. Fermentation of hydrolysates, sucrosemineral and molasses medium by A. niger was carried out by a batch process under aerobic conditions. Determined the content of β-glucans, amino-nitrogen, glucose, disaccharides in grinding grain rye, rye biomass, the biomass of A. niger, the supernatants by colorimetric methods. Determination of chitin in biomass and qualitative determination of chitosan in supernatants of hydrolysates was carried out using chitosan sulfate sample and subsequent microscopy.The results of the research showed that (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucans in grain grinding are 10.2 ± 0.2 % in terms of dry matter, which exceeds the content of polysaccharide in the grain of standard quality by 1.5 – 3 times. In rye biomass revealed their smaller amount, 6.4 ± 0.5 %, apparently, due to the action of (1→4)and (1→3)-β-glucanase, (1→4)-xylanase and (1→4)-amylase. In microbial mass A. niger content of (1→3)(1→6)-β-Dglucans were at the level of 21.7 ± 0.7 %.On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that it is possible to use rye grain of non-standard quality, with a high content of grain impurities and a low proportion of starch polysaccharides, as a source of β-glucancontaining substrate for biosynthesis (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucans by A. niger having advantages over (1→3) (1→4)-β-D-glucans of plant origin. They are functionally more active and have a wide range of applications, namely as food additives in the manufacture of a wide range of products: for the enrichment of fibers, increasing the shelf life of products due to its water-binding properties, as thickeners, emulsifying and fat-reducing microingredients, stabilizers of creamy emulsions, textureformers, flavor enhancers.
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Harp, Bhakti Petigara, and Julie N. Barrows. "Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Two Manufacturing Intermediates in D&C Red No. 34 and Its Lakes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1639–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.6.1639.
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Abstract A reversed-phase LC method was developed to determine two manufacturing intermediates in the monosulfo monoazo color additive D&C Red No. 34 and its lakes. The analytes are 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Tobias acid) and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid). This method can be used for batch certification of the color additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to ensure that each lot meets published specifications for coloring drugs and cosmetics. The new method uses lithium oxalate in methanolwater to dissolve the color additives for analysis. The analytes were identified by comparison of their LC retention times and UV absorption spectra with those of standards. Peak area calibrations were generally linear (R > 0.999) and recoveries were 105 for Tobias acid and 103 for 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. The limits of determination (LOD) were 0.01 for Tobias acid and 0.03 for 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. The RSDs at the specification levels were 0.9 for Tobias acid and 3.2 for 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid. Survey analyses of 14 samples of certified D&C Red No. 34 straight colors and lakes from six domestic and foreign manufacturers yielded results for Tobias acid that generally agreed with results previously obtained by using a gravity elution column chromatographic method. Nine of the results for 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid were 2 to 5 times higher than the results obtained using the column chromatographic method. We attribute the lower accuracy of the column chromatographic method to incomplete solubility of the samples using the method conditions and difficulty with interpreting the UV spectrophotometric results.
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Berdnikova, O., V. Pozniakov, and O. Bushma. "Laser and Hybrid Laser-Arc Welding of High Strength Steel N-A-XTRA-70." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.630.
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The advantages of laser and hybrid laser-arc welding in production of welded structures from high strength steels are increase of efficiency due to rise of the welding rate by order; significant (3 – 5 times) decrease of heat input; reduction of weld size; receiving of fine grain structures in the welds and the heat affected zone increasing strength of the joint and reducing susceptibility to crack formation. Research of the peculiarities of laser and hybrid processes, their effect on weld formation, revealing the advantages and eliminating the disadvantages of laser and arc constituents of the heat sources are currently the main problems for the production engineers and researchers. Therefore, the aim of the investigation lies in determination of the effect of process mode parameters of the hybrid laser-arc and laser welding in high-strength steel welding on formation of the structure of the welded joint metal as well as the analysis of effect of this structure on their mechanical properties. The investigation was focused on the high-strength steel N-A-XTRA-70 which is widely used in European Union countries for manufacture of critical structures of different designations. A laboratory bench was developed for experiments. It was used for carrying out investigation on the process flow sheet which provided location of a consumable electrode arc at some distance ahead of a laser beam during welding proceeding. The laser irradiation source was Nd:YAG-laser DY 044 of ROFIN company (Germany). For the first time the results of carried investigations allowed determining the process modes of laser and hybrid laser-arc welding for producing quality and sound welded joints of the high-strength steel from the point of view of the structure formation and metal phase composition providing high indices of mechanical properties and crack resistance of the welded joints.
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Chebotarev, A. N., D. V. Snigur, D. O. Barbalat, O. M. Rakhlytskaya, O. M. Zhukovetska, and K. V. Snihur. "SORPTION OF BISMUTON (III) IONS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY SILICAS MODIFIED BY ORGANIC REAGENTS." Odesa National University Herald. Chemistry 26, no. 2(78) (July 31, 2021): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-0947.2021.2(78).233830.
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In current paper, adsorbents based on silica L 40/100 modified with 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol, 1-(2-pyrylazo)naphthol‑2, pyrocatechol violet and sodium N, N‑diethyldithiocarbamate were obtained. Adsorbents were modified by non-covalent immobilization of organic analytical reagents on the silica surface. It is noted that the preparation of such adsorbents is fast and easy to manufacture. The conditions of Bismuth (III) adsorption from dilute aqueous solutions by the proposed adsorbents are studied and optimized. The optimal values of the medium acidity for the effective Bismuth (III) preconcentration by the proposed adsorbents based on silica modified with organic analytical reagents have been established. It is shown that the use of modified silicas allows efficient (95–98%) removal of Bismuth (III) from dilute aqueous solutions. Under optimal adsorption conditions, the capacity of modified adsorbents is determined. It is established that the modification of silica leads to a significant (2–3 times) increase in the capacity of the obtained sorbents by Bismuth (III) in comparison with the unmodified silica, which is associated with the processes of complexation on the surface. The desorption of Bismuth (III) from the surface of unmodified and modified silicas by solutions of mineral acids has been studied. It is shown that Bi(III) is quantitatively desorbed from the surface of unmodified silicas by solutions of sulfuric and nitric acids, and in the case of modified silicas the degree of desorption is small and does not exceed 35%. The data obtained can then be used to develop a test system for determination of Bismuth (III) via corresponding colorimetric scales or for quantitative solid phase extraction and adsorption-spectroscopic quantification of Bismuth (III) in some real samples.
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Lozano, Diego E., George E. Totten, Yaneth Bedolla-Gil, Martha Guerrero-Mata, Marcel Carpio, and Gabriela M. Martinez-Cazares. "X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching." Materials 12, no. 7 (April 9, 2019): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12071154.
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Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.
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Coelho, Paulo Guilherme, Marcelo Suzuki, C. A. O. Fernandes, and G. Cardaropoli. "Characterization and In Vivo Studies of Nanothickness Ca- and P-Based Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 361-363 (November 2007): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.361-363.649.
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Objective: This series of laboratorial and in-vivo studies describe the characterization, evolution, and in-vivo performance of various Ca- and P-based nanothicknesses and microstructures ion beam assisted depositions (IBAD) onto Ti-6Al-4V implants. Materials and Methods: Characterization- The 4 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length implant rods (Ti-6Al-4V) with IBAD I, IBAD II, and control (alumina-blasted/acid-etched, AB/AE) surfaces were provided by an implant manufacturer. The in-vitro characterization comprised the following techniques: (1) SEM/EDS, (2) XPS/Depth Profiling (3) Thin-film XRD (4) AFM + ToF-SIMS for coating thickness determination (5) AFM- Ra determination. In-vivo- Three animal experiments were carried out for evaluation of the nanothickness bioceramic coatings. All experiments comprised a proximal tibia model with 4-6 implants placed along the bones. Times in-vivo ranged from 2-5 weeks. Static (bioactivity, bone to implant contact) and dynamic (mineral apposition rates- MAR) histomorphometric measurements were recorded. Biomechanical testing was performed by pullout and torque to interfacial failure testing. Results: Combination of the characterization techniques showed that all bioceramic coatings were Ca- and P-based bioceramics of amorphous microstructure. AFM +ToF-SIMS showed that IBAD II coatings were thicker (300-500 nm) compared to IBAD I coatings (30-50 nm). Surface roughness did not change significantly for the IBAD implant groups compared to control. The in-vivo results showed higher degrees of osseoactivity, torque to failure, and MAR for the coated implants at different times in-vivo. IBAD II had higher biomechanical fixation at early implantation times compared to other groups. Conclusions: The results obtained in the in-vitro part this study support that both IBAD I and IBAD II coatings are Ca- and P- based amorphous bioceramics in the nanothickness range with theoretical high dissolution rates. The increased osseoactivity observed for IBAD coated and the high MAR values observed for IBAD coated compared to AB/AE implants support the effect of the bioceramic coating presence in the overall bone healing. A thickness effect was reveled through biomechanical testing where IBAD II (300-500nm thickness) presented higher performance.
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Perez-Gonzalez, Marianita, Nga Vu, and Bhakti Petigara Harp. "Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Manufacturing Intermediates and Subsidiary Colors in D&C Red No. 6, D&C Red No. 7, and Their Lakes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 98, no. 6 (November 1, 2015): 1752–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.15-125.
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Abstract An ultra-performance LC (UPLC) method was developed to determine the manufacturing intermediates and subsidiary colors in the monosulfo monoazo color additives D&C Red No. 6 and D&C Red No. 7 and their lakes. This method is intended for use in batch certification of the color additives by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration to ensure that each lot meets published specifications for coloring drugs and cosmetics. The intermediates are 2-amino-5-methylbenzenesulfonic acid (PTMS) and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid). The subsidiary colors are 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methylphenyl)azo]-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (unsulfonated subsidiary color) and 1-[(4-methylphenyl) azo]-2-naphthalenol (4-methyl Sudan I). The analytes were identified by comparing their UPLC retention times and UV-Vis absorption spectra with those of standards. Validation studies showed that calibration curves were linear (average R2 = 0.9994), and recoveries were 96–106%. Average LOD was 0.0014–0.0061% and average LOQ was 0.0047–0.020%. Results for RSD at the specification levels ranged from 0.67 to 5.79%. Survey analyses of 42 samples from 14 domestic and foreign manufacturers yielded results by the new UPLC method and a previously reported HPLC method that were consistent within experimental error. The new UPLC method provided increased sensitivity, faster analysis times, and improved separations compared to the HPLC method.
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Kuzmikova, Lenka, Huijun Li, John Norrish, Zengxi Pan, and Nathan Larkin. "Development of safe optimized welding procedures for high strength Q&T steel welded with austenitic consumables." Soldagem & Inspeção 18, no. 2 (June 2013): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-92242013000200010.
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High strength quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels offer obvious economic benefits originating from their advantageous strength to price and weight ratios. These steels are usually welded using ferritic consumables and for this combination the risk of hydrogen assisted cold cracking (HACC) is high. The use of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) consumables has great potential to significantly improve this issue. Yet, there are no guidelines for determination of safe level of preheat for welding ferritic steels with ASS consumables. For this reason manufacturers adopt this parameter from procedures developed for conventional ferritic consumables thus significantly limiting the benefits ASS consumables are capable to deliver. Productivity could be further enhanced by identifying the upper interpass temperature threshold, thus reducing the stand-off times. Aim of this work is to develop safe highly optimised procedures for welding of high strength Q&T steel with ASS consumable.
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Harp, Bhakti Petigara, Nebebech Belai, and Julie N. Barrows. "Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Manufacturing Intermediates and Subsidiary Colors in D&C Red No. 34 and Its Lakes." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 1548–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.5.1548.
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Abstract An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed to determine the manufacturing intermediates and subsidiary colors in the monosulfo monoazo color additive D&C Red No. 34 and its lakes. This method is currently used for batch certification of the color additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to ensure that each lot meets published specifications for coloring drugs and cosmetics. The new UPLC method has replaced an HPLC method for determining the intermediates and a TLC method for determining the subsidiary colors. The intermediates are 2-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Tobias acid) and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid). Subsidiary colors are positional isomers of the major dye component or related compounds containing lower numbers of substituent groups. The analytes are identified by comparison of their UPLC retention times and UV or visible absorption spectra with those of standards. Validation studies showed that peak area calibrations for the analytes were generally linear (R >0.999), and recoveries were 98–103%. The LODs were 0.002–0.02%, and the RSDs at the specification levels were 0.7–2.2%. Survey analyses of 12 samples of certified D&C Red No. 34 straight colors and lakes from six domestic and foreign manufacturers yielded results for the intermediates by UPLC and HPLC that were consistent within experimental error. The UPLC analyses yielded results for the subsidiary colors that were consistently lower than results previously obtained by TLC, which we attribute to limitations of the TLC method. The new UPLC method provides sharper peaks, better peak separation, and faster analysis times than the formerly used HPLC method and is more accurate, much faster, and much less labor-intensive than the formerly used TLC method.
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Carson, Luther C., Monica Ozores-Hampton, Kelly T. Morgan, and Jerry B. Sartain. "Nitrogen Release Properties of Controlled-release Fertilizers during Tomato Production." HortScience 49, no. 12 (December 2014): 1568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.12.1568.
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Determination of nutrient release duration from controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) or soluble fertilizers encapsulated in polymer, resin, or sulfur covered fertilizer coated with a polymer differs among manufacturers, but may be determined as 75% to 80% nitrogen (N) release at a constant temperature (e.g., 20 to 25 °C). Increases or decreases in temperature compared with the manufacturer release determination temperature increase or decrease CRF N release; thus, coated fertilizer may release more rapidly than stated during the fall season when soil temperatures in seepage-irrigated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) production can reach 40.1 °C. The objectives of this study were to evaluate N release duration of CRFs by measuring N release from CRFs incubated in pouches under polyethylene mulch-covered raised beds and to determine the CRF duration suitable for incorporation into a fall tomato fertility program. In 2011 and 2013, 12 and 14 CRFs from Agrium Advanced Technologies, Everris, Florikan, and Chisso-Asahi Fertilizer were sealed in fiberglass mesh pouches (12.7 × 14 cm) that were buried 10 cm below the bed surface in a tomato crop grown using commercial production practices. A data logger collected soil temperature 10 cm below the bed surface. Pouches were collected and N content was measured eight times through two fall seasons. A nonlinear regression model was fit to the data to determine N release rate. During the 2011 and 2013 seasons, minimum, average, and maximum soil temperatures were 21.2 and 19.2, 25.7 and 23.5, and 32.2 and 27.7 °C, respectively. Seasonal total CRF N release was between 77.6% and 93.8% during 2011 and 58.3% and 94.3% in 2013. In 2011, PCU90 and in 2013, PCU90 and PCNPK120 had the highest seasonal total percentage N release (PNR) and FL180 had the lowest in both years. A nonlinear regression fit N release from CRF with R2 = 0.85 to 0.99 during 2011 and 0.49 to 0.99 during 2013. Nitrogen release from all CRFs was faster than the manufacturer’s stated release, probably as a result of high fall bed temperatures. A CRF or CRF mixture containing CRFs of 120- to 180-day release duration may be recommended, but the CRFs must release greater than 75% N during the season.
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Pacifici, Roberta, Simona Pichini, Manuela Pellegrini, Roberta Tittarelli, Flaminia Pantano, Giulio Mannocchi, Maria Concetta Rotolo, and Francesco Paolo Busardò. "Determination of cannabinoids in oral fluid and urine of “light cannabis” consumers: a pilot study." Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) 57, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2018-0566.
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Abstract Background In those countries where cannabis use is still illegal, some manufacturers started producing and selling “light cannabis”: dried flowering tops containing the psychoactive principle Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at concentrations lower than 0.2% together with variable concentration of cannabidiol (CBD). We here report a pilot study on the determination of cannabinoids in the oral fluid and urine of six individuals after smoking 1 g of “light cannabis”. Methods On site screening for oral fluid samples was performed, as a laboratory immunoassay test for urine samples. A validated gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was then applied to quantify THC and CBD, independently from results of screening tests. Results On site screening for oral fluid samples, with a THC cut-off of 25 ng/mL gave negative results for all the individuals at different times after smoking. Similarly, negative results for urine samples screening from all the individuals were obtained. Confirmation analyses showed that oral fluid THC was in the concentration range from 2.5 to 21.5 ng/mL in the first 30 min after smoking and then values slowly decreased. CBD values were usually one order of magnitude higher than those of THC. THC-COOH, the principal urinary THC metabolite, presented the maximum urinary value of 1.8 ng/mL, while urinary CBD had a value of 15.1 ng/mL. Conclusions Consumers of a single 1 g dose of “light cannabis” did not result as positive in urine screening, assessing recent consumption, so that confirmation would not be required. Conversely, they might result as positive to oral fluid testing with some on-site kits, with THC cut-off lower than 25 ng/mL, at least in the first hour after smoking and hence confirmation analysis can be then required. No conclusions can be drawn of eventual chronic users.
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Rahmayanti, Dina, and Ahmad Fauzan. "Optimalisasi Sistem Persediaan Bahan Baku Karet Mentah (Lateks) dengan Metode Lot Sizing (Studi Kasus: PT Abaisiat Raya)." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 12, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v12.n1.p317-325.2013.
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PT Abaisiat Raya is one of the manufacturers of rubber crumb (crumb rubber) in the city of Padang. Latex inventory management system at PT Abaisiat Kingdom basically signinfikan still need improvement. It is based on the planning activities in the warehouse inventory of raw materials firms irregular, thus causing excess stock (over stock) at a time and shortage of stock (stock out) at other times. Process optimization is done with latex inventory system involving factors such as demand forecasting production planning or latex needs during the period of next 12 (in 2012), the costs involved, the waiting time (lead time), the implementation of forecasting methods, determination of size lots (lot sizing), the determination of safety stock (safety stock), and re-ordering time (reorder point), so the output will get a number of requests are for 12 periods ahead, the size of each reservation period, the total cost is required, when re-ordering will be done , as well as how much inventory to latex in the warehouse. Based on these results, it was found that the optimal size of the book is the same as the demand for each period (reservation is made each period) due to a cyclical pattern of demand and decreases throughout the planning period. Value of the stock or safety stock is located in Kg 114,282.20, and re-ordering time (reorder point) to cope with fluctuations do when the stock has reached a level of 333,130.95 kg.Keywords: Forecasting, Time Wait, Lot Size, Safety Supplies, Reorder
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Коваль, Никита Олегович, and Оксана Сергеевна Воденникова. "ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕХАНІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ТА СТРУКТУРИ СПЛАВУ IN718, ОТРИМАНОГО МЕТОДОМ 3D-ПРИНТИНГУ." Aerospace technic and technology, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2020.3.03.
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The subject of research – the process of structure formation and improvement of mechanical properties of high-resistant alloys obtained by 3D-printing. The purpose of work – control the level of mechanical properties of high-resistant alloys obtained by 3D-printing for the manufacture of parts of aircraft gas turbine engines. Objectives – experimental determination of mechanical properties of heat-resistant nickel alloy IN718 obtained by selective laser sintering of LPW and Sino Euro powders both in the horizontal XY and in the vertical Z direction; a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties of IN718 and ЭП718-ВД(ИД) (ХН45МВТЮБР) alloys according to ASM 5662M and TU 14-1-3905-85; a study of the structure of samples of IN718 alloy before and after heat treatment. Research methods – when summarizing and analyzing scientific and technical literature in the direction of studying mechanical properties and forming the structure of heat-resistant nickel alloys obtained by the method of selective laser sintering, an integrated approach was used; processing and analysis of experimental data on determining the mechanical properties of the IN718 alloy in the three-dimensional direction (horizontal direction XY and vertical direction Z); metallographic studies of samples of the IN718 alloy made by 3D-printing were carried out before and after heat treatment. The results obtained - by comparing the mechanical properties of the heat-resistant alloy IN718 obtained by 3D printing from powders LPW and Sino Euro with the normative characteristics ASM 5662M (for alloy IN718) and TU 14-1-3905-85 (for alloy ЭП718-ВД) it was found that for vertical samples (grown in the Z direction) a certain decrease in the strength characteristics and an increase in plastic characteristics compared with the values of horizontal samples (grown in the XY direction), and in terms of impact strength, the IN718 alloy exceeds the norm in the researched temperature range 3.75 times. Scientific novelty – the dependence of the structural characteristics and mechanical properties of the IN718 alloy on the direction of part growth has been established and it has been shown that after heat treatment it is possible to obtain a dense, uniform microstructure characterized by a fine-grained structure with micro grains that are elongated in the direction of sample growth.
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Sofronova, Ekaterina D., Vadim А. Lipin, Vladimir К. Dubovy, and Tatyana А. Sustavova. "Minimizing the Chlorine Content in Bleached Sulfate Pulp for Sanitary Tissue products and Food Packaging." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 3 (May 20, 2021): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-186-195.
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The increasing consumption of pulp for chemical processing, including production of sanitary tissue products and other medical products, food packaging, as well as fillers for food products leads to new requirements for the quality of raw materials. The task of improving the characteristics of pulp has become particularly acute in connection with the COVID-19 epidemic: the demand for disposable nonwoven materials in direct contact with the human skin has increased several times over. The elemental chlorine free (ECF) sulfate pulp bleaching process, which uses chlorine dioxide as a bleaching agent, dominates bleached pulp production worldwide. The chlorine-containing compounds formed as a result of bleaching pollute not only waste water, but also the product itself. In the near future, it is expected that paper products made with chlorine-based bleaches may be banned for the production of sanitary tissue products and food packaging. If the products of the pulp and paper industry do not meet international consumer requirements, the pulp market for these purposes may face undesirable results. The most promising direction of modernization the existing bleaching schemes, both in terms of the process consumption parameters and the quality of the produced pulp, is the use of oxygen-alkaline bleaching in the first stage. Determination of total and organically bound chlorine content in pulp materials in accordance with ISO 11480:2017 on the advanced plant has shown, that the introduction of bleaching schemes using oxygen-alkaline agents will ensure the recommended content of chlorine compounds while maintaining the necessary characteristics of pulp for the manufacture of medical and sanitary tissue products, food packaging. However, high quality of finished products that meet consumers’ requirements is possible only if the chlorine content is controlled at all stages of pulp production, since the quantitative indicators of this substance content remain close to the upper allowable limit. For citation: sofronova e.D., Lipin v.A., Dubovy v.K., Sustavova t.A. Minimizing the Chlorine Content in bleached sulfate pulp for sanitary tissue products and food packaging. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 3, pp. 186–195. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-3-186-195
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Behrens, Bernd-Arno, Klaus Dröder, Kai Brunotte, Hendrik Wester, André Hürkamp, Tim Ossowski, and Ralf Lorenz. "Numerical Modelling of Bond Strength in Overmoulded Thermoplastic Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 7 (June 23, 2021): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5070164.
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Overmoulding of thermoplastic composites combines the steps of thermoforming and injection moulding in an integrated manufacturing process. The combination of continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastics with overmoulded polymer enables the manufacturing of highly functionally integrated structures with excellent mechanical properties. When performed as a one-shot process, an economically efficient manufacturing of geometrical complex lightweight parts within short cycle times is possible. However, a major challenge in the part and process design of overmoulded thermoplastic composites (OTC) is the assurance of sufficient bond strength between the composite and the overmoulded polymers. Within the framework of a simulation-based approach, this study aims to develop a methodology for predicting the bond strength in OTC using simulation data and a numerical model formulation of the bonding mechanisms. Therefore, a modelling approach for the determination of the bond strength depending on different process parameters is presented. In order to validate the bond strength model, specimens are manufactured with different process settings and mechanical tests are carried out. Overall, the results of the numerical computation are in good agreement with the experimentally determined bond strength. The proposed modelling approach enables the prediction of the local bond strength in OTC, considering the interface conditions and the processing history.
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Bukharinova, Maria A., Natalia Yu Stozhko, Elizaveta A. Novakovskaya, Ekaterina I. Khamzina, Aleksey V. Tarasov, and Sergey V. Sokolkov. "Developing Activated Carbon Veil Electrode for Sensing Salivary Uric Acid." Biosensors 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11080287.
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The paper describes the development of a carbon veil-based electrode (CVE) for determining uric acid (UA) in saliva. The electrode was manufactured by lamination technology, electrochemically activated and used as a highly sensitive voltammetric sensor (CVEact). Potentiostatic polarization of the electrode at 2.0 V in H2SO4 solution resulted in a higher number of oxygen and nitrogen-containing groups on the electrode surface; lower charge transfer resistance; a 1.5 times increase in the effective surface area and a decrease in the UA oxidation potential by over 0.4 V, compared with the non-activated CVE, which was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry. The developed sensor is characterized by a low detection limit of 0.05 µM and a wide linear range (0.09–700 µM). The results suggest that the sensor has perspective applications for quick determination of UA in artificial and human saliva. RSD does not exceed 3.9%, and recovery is 96–105%. UA makes a significant contribution to the antioxidant activity (AOA) of saliva (≈60%). In addition to its high analytical characteristics, the important advantages of the proposed CVEact are the simple, scalable, and cost-effective manufacturing technology and the absence of additional complex and time-consuming modification operations.
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Stahl-Zeng, Jianru, Ashley Sage, Philip Taylor, Jeremy Dietrich Netto, and Tuo Zhang. "Advances in LC–MS/MS Methods for Allergen Testing, Meat Speciation, and Gelatin Speciation." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 1309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/102.5.1309.
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Abstract Background: Food authenticity is demanded by the consumer at all times. The consumer places trust in the manufacturer that the food product is genuine in terms of what is recorded on the packaging label. Objective: Recent advancements in LC–tandem MS methodology in the detection of allergens, meat, and gelatin speciation in raw food products and processed foods are detailed in this paper. Method: For each of the three methods, initial proteome analysis and the screening leading to the determination of unique tryptic peptides were conducted using a high-resolution, accurate tandem mass spectrometer. Having identified the unique markers, the method was transferred to a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer for a higher-sensitivity quantitative study, multiple reaction monitoring transition analysis. Results: For the allergens method a detection limit of at least 10 ppm was attained across the 12 allergen peptides in this workflow. In the gluten workflow the resulting chromatograms show good detection down to 5 ppm, with no interference from the food matrices. The meat speciation method details that signature peptides could be readily identified at 1% w/w with no matrix interference. Conclusions: These single-injection workflows with cycle-time optimization enable wide coverage of analytes to identify multiple species within challenging matrix samples.
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Pilati, Francesco, Emilio Ferrari, Mauro Gamberi, and Silvia Margelli. "Multi-Manned Assembly Line Balancing: Workforce Synchronization for Big Data Sets through Simulated Annealing." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062523.
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The assembly of large and complex products such as cars, trucks, and white goods typically involves a huge amount of production resources such as workers, pieces of equipment, and layout areas. In this context, multi-manned workstations commonly characterize these assembly lines. The simultaneous operators’ activity in the same assembly station suggests considering compatibility/incompatibility between the different mounting positions, equipment sharing, and worker cooperation. The management of all these aspects significantly increases the balancing problem complexity due to the determination of the start/end times of each task. This paper proposes a new mixed-integer programming model to simultaneously optimize the line efficiency, the line length, and the workload smoothness. A customized procedure based on a simulated annealing algorithm is developed to effectively solve this problem. The aforementioned procedure is applied to the balancing of the real assembly line of European sports car manufacturers distinguished by 665 tasks and numerous synchronization constraints. The experimental results present remarkable performances obtained by the proposed procedure both in terms of solution quality and computation time. The proposed approach is the practical reference for efficient multi-manned assembly line design, task assignment, equipment allocation, and mounting position management in the considered industrial fields.
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Lyra, Maria, and Agapi Ploussi. "Filtering in SPECT Image Reconstruction." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/693795.
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Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging is widely implemented in nuclear medicine as its clinical role in the diagnosis and management of several diseases is, many times, very helpful (e.g., myocardium perfusion imaging). The quality of SPECT images are degraded by several factors such as noise because of the limited number of counts, attenuation, or scatter of photons. Image filtering is necessary to compensate these effects and, therefore, to improve image quality. The goal of filtering in tomographic images is to suppress statistical noise and simultaneously to preserve spatial resolution and contrast. The aim of this work is to describe the most widely used filters in SPECT applications and how these affect the image quality. The choice of the filter type, the cut-off frequency and the order is a major problem in clinical routine. In many clinical cases, information for specific parameters is not provided, and findings cannot be extrapolated to other similar SPECT imaging applications. A literature review for the determination of the mostly used filters in cardiac, brain, bone, liver, kidneys, and thyroid applications is also presented. As resulting from the overview, no filter is perfect, and the selection of the proper filters, most of the times, is done empirically. The standardization of image-processing results may limit the filter types for each SPECT examination to certain few filters and some of their parameters. Standardization, also, helps in reducing image processing time, as the filters and their parameters must be standardised before being put to clinical use. Commercial reconstruction software selections lead to comparable results interdepartmentally. The manufacturers normally supply default filters/parameters, but these may not be relevant in various clinical situations. After proper standardisation, it is possible to use many suitable filters or one optimal filter.
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Shiffman, Melvin A. "Manufacture of Silicone Implants." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 13, no. 3 (September 1996): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074880689601300302.
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Research and development of breast implant manufacturing technology continues with the dual objectives of finding better processes for manufacturing implant shells and finding better filler solutions or gels. The Mentor HIS manufacturing process exemplifies improved techniques of implant shell production and quality control. The process is described in detail, and the Mentor HIS and McGhan processes of manufacturing breast implants are compared. Recognized shell weaknesses include thin spots, valve malfunction, rupture because of overfilling, and folding and leakage because of underfilling. All implants are inspected. Smooth implants are inspected 22 times while textured implants are inspected 23 times.
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Karakka Kal, Abdul Khader, Tajudheen K. Karatt, Moses Philip, Samir Meissir, and Jahfar Nalakath. "Separation and Determination of the Enantiomeric Levamisole and Dexamisole in Equine Plasma Samples Using Chiral Polysaccharide Column/ LC-MS/MS." Current Analytical Chemistry 16, no. 6 (August 13, 2020): 761–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411015666190808103143.
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Background: Drug Enforcement Administration confirmed that many manufacturers began adding tetramisole or its individual isomers to cocaine as an adulterant, and believed that tetramisole may augment cocaine’s effects. In recent times, there is an increasing trend in the usage of tetramisole and its individual enantiomer in race sports especially in horse and camel races. So it’s is very much required to confirm the stereochemistry of this illicit drug in the routine race day samples coming to the anti-doping labs in order to avoid legal arguments and challenges to the analytical findings. Methods: The aim of the study was to develop a simple, rapid and accurate method for the chiral separation and determination of enantiomeric mixtures of levamisole and dexamisole using Thermo Q-Exactive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer. In order to evaluate the suitability of the method for determining the enantiomeric purity of tetramisole, validation studies were also carried out by using equine plasma. Results: The enantio-separation was achieved using the Lux i-cellulose-5 column. Isocratic flow was used with a 1:1 mixture of mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium acetate in water) and mobile phase B (acetonitrile), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The run time was 8.0 min, and the column temperature was 50°C. Dexamisole eluted at 5.94 min, and levamisole eluted at 6.62 min, giving the R-value of 1.50. The obtained inter-day precisions of dexamisole, levamisole were 3.16% and 2.85%, respectively. The accuracy of dexamisole was in the range of 97.78 to 102.44%, and that for levamisole was 99.16 to 102.82%. The limit of quantification value for both isomers in this method was 0.1 ng/ mL. The method was linear in the range of 0 to 50 ng/mL. Conclusion: Chromatographic separation was achieved using the polysaccharide cellulose chiral column, and the reverse-phase separation approach was found to have the highest potential for successful chiral resolution in LC-MS. Linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, recovery, and the matrix effect in equine plasma were determined. Under the optimized conditions, the validated method can be applied for the identification and detection of the tetramisole enantiomers in different sources of illicit drugs of abuse.
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Zhao, J., S. Xiong, Y. Bu, and R. S. Goonetilleke. "Computerized girth determination for custom footwear manufacture." Computers & Industrial Engineering 54, no. 3 (April 2008): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2007.07.015.
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Rogachev, A. F., A. A. Karsakov, R. A. Kosulnikov, and D. S. Gapich. "DEVICES FOR EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATING THE LOAD OF THE FIELD FLEET VEHICLES’ WORKING UNITS BY THE METHOD OF STRAIN GAUGING." Scientific Life 15, no. 7 (July 31, 2020): 980–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2020-15-7-980-990.
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The efficiency of a field fleet unit is largely determined by the characteristics of the traction resistance of an agricultural machine, which are of a probabilistic nature and require experimental determination. The disadvantage of the known devices that provide measurements during the volumetric dynamometry of the working bodies of tillage machines and implements is the complexity of the design and a significant measurement error. To increase the accuracy of measurements of the dynamic loading of the working bodies of tillage machines, it is necessary to improve the measuring instruments that ensure the reduction of the error. The experimental determination of the loading of the working bodies requires the use of force sensors acting on the working bodies in different planes. Force transducers are mainly manufactured using strain gages, which are glued directly to parts with various cross-sections. To determine the efforts in the rods of the hydraulic linkage system of agricultural tractors use strain gauge fingers, which are cylinders with strain gages glued to them. It is shown that at equal distances l1 and l2 of the location of the sensors, the resulting signal does not depend on the l0 distance of force application on the axis of the finger. Typically, the calibration of force sensors is carried out on additional devices one by one under conditions as close as possible to real ones. The best calibration results will be when all sensors (strain gauge fingers) are installed in their original places and all sensors are calibrated at once. To do this, the intermediate plate is fixed with the help of tension fingers on the hydraulic tractor levers. Eyebolts are installed on the plate, to which a known force Р is applied three times and readings are taken from each of the strain gauge fingers. By solving the resulting system of equations, for example, using the Gauss method in the MathCad environment, all the calibration coefficients are simultaneously found. Additionally, a device is proposed, the kinematic diagram of which allows the use of a single measuring device, which simplifies the technology of measuring the force on the working body and increases its accuracy.
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Rysiński, Jacek, Robert Drobina, and Jerzy Tomaszewski. "Probability of the Critical Length of a Fatigue Crack Occurring at the Tooth Foot of Cylindrical Geared Wheels of the Drive System of a Fiomax 2000 Ring Spinner." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (February 28, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12303666.1227895.
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In the present paper, we describe a method of determination of the probability of reaching the critical crack length at the tooth root of the cylindrical geared wheels of the drive system of the Fiomax 2000 ring spinner. The Paris-Erdogan formula was utilised for calculations of the fatigue crack length depending on the number of load cycles. Experimental investigations were performed on cylindrical geared wheels. The wheel specimens were manufactured from 1.6523 steel (UE) according to a technical specification relevant to the drive system of the ring spinner. The experiments were performed using a professional pulsator (pulsating test machine). Based upon the experiments (series of 12 tests), material constants and were calculated. These parameters were utilised in the Paris law of crack propagation for further calculations. Moreover it was also ascertained that these unknowns are related via the deterministic relationship. Therefore a function allowing for approximation of constant in dependence on exponent m was derived. In the next step, for the values of parameter chosen – belonging to the variability interval, established from experimental data – we determined the times of reaching the critical length of the fatigue crack. It was stated that the best approximation distribution describing the simulated random values of times of reaching the critical length of the tooth crack for the drive system of the ring spinner is the asymptotic Gumbel’s distribution. Knowing the distribution and number of cycles until reaching the critical crack length at the tooth root, one can evaluate the fatigue life of the damaged wheel in the ring spinner (Fiomax) drive system for the assumed probability. The goal of the present paper is evaluation of the working time of the elements of the drive system of a ring spinner until the occurrence of damage. The highest fatigue life of geared wheels was achieved within the interval (4.3 – 4.5)x 105 cycles. However, it is recommended to change of the geared wheel in case of the spotting of early symptoms of defect. For the stretching apparatus, the authors of the present paper suggest the exchange of the idler geared wheels at least once per year.
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Nielsen, PF, JA Funder, MØ Jensen, and H. Nygaard. "Influence of venous reservoir level on microbubbles in cardiopulmonary bypass." Perfusion 23, no. 6 (November 2008): 347–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109104954.
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Patients undergoing open-heart surgery may, post-operatively, suffer from neurological disorders due to microbubbles created during extracorporeal circulation. Venous air is not completely removed in open hard-shell venous reservoirs. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between venous reservoir blood level and the amount of microbubbles in different commercially available reservoirs for comparison and determination of safe level. An in vitro flow loop with a heart-lung machine was used to compare three different reservoirs (Maquet, Sorin and Medtronic) at different levels. Microbubbles were measured after the reservoir and after the arterial filter with a GAMPT BCC200 detector. Microbubble count and volume were significantly higher with decreasing reservoir level ( p = 0.014), but not as much as earlier studies have shown. Reducing the level from 1000 ml to 250 ml resulted in a 12.4% increase in bubble volume after the reservoir and 40.2% after the arterial filter. There was an almost linear trend towards more bubble volume with decreasing reservoir level (R2 = 0.98-0.83). There was a significant difference in microbubbles between the 3 tested reservoirs, up to 32.6%, p < 0.001 measured after the reservoir. Bubble volume from the Sorin reservoir was markedly lower after the arterial filter than from the Medtronic and Maquet reservoirs (up to 60 times p < 0.001). A lower reservoir level results in a moderate rise in microbubbles passing the reservoir. The minimum levels recommended by the manufacturers are safe. There was a significant difference in bubbles between the different reservoirs, especially after the arterial filter.
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Rahmawati, Risa, Endang Siti Rahayu, and Susi Wuri Ani. "ANALISIS PENERAPAN ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) DI PABRIK GULA MADUKISMO BANTUL." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 32, no. 2 (March 6, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i2.15120.
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<em><span>The purpose of this research to analyze the result of Economic Order Quantity in Madukismo Sugar Manufacture during the year of 2013-2015. The basic method used in this research was analytical, descriptive with case study technique. Data analysis used Economic Order Quantity (EOQ). The results of the study showed that during 2013-2015 the order quantity according to Madukismo Sugar Manufacture policy was 29.377 Quintal with the frequency of ordering 192 times, 30.328.46 Quintal with the frequency of ordering 168 times, and 31.883,06 Quintal with the frequency of ordering 142 times, sequentially. Whereas the result of Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) calculation during 2013-2015 where 52,916.47 Quintal with the frequency of ordering 107 times, 45,980.57 Quintal with a frequency 111 times, and 49,135.20 Quintal with a frequency 92 times, consecutively. The result of Economic Order Quantity calculation to intent filled up the needs of sugar cane and to maintain the sustainability of the production process. The effort to provide Economic Order Quantity of sugarcane,Madukismo Sugar Manufacture managed for expanding of sugarcane planting area. So that, Madukismo Sugar Manufacture could run the production process properly and sustainability.</span></em><br /><em></em>
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Sgouridis, F., S. Ullah, and A. Stott. "Application of the <sup>15</sup>N-Gas Flux method for measuring in situ N<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes due to denitrification in natural and semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems and comparison with the acetylene inhibition technique." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 15 (August 11, 2015): 12653–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-12653-2015.
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Abstract. Soil denitrification is considered the most un-constrained process in the global N cycle due to uncertain in situ N2 flux measurements, particularly in natural and semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems. 15N tracer approaches can provide in situ measurements of both N2 and N2O simultaneously, but their use has been limited to fertilised agro-ecosystems due to the need for large 15N additions in order to detect 15N2 production against the high atmospheric N2. For 15N-N2 analyses, we have used an "in house" laboratory designed and manufactured N2 preparation instrument which can be interfaced to any commercial continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (CF-IRMS). The N2 prep unit has gas purification steps, a copper based reduction furnace, and allows the analysis of small gas injection volumes (4 μL) for 15N-N2 analysis. For the analysis of N2O, an automated Tracegas Pre-concentrator (Isoprime Ltd) coupled to an IRMS was used to measure the 15N-N2O (4 mL gas injection volume). Consequently, the coefficient of variation for the determination of isotope ratios for N2 in air and in standard N2O (0.5 ppm) was better than 0.5 %. The 15N Gas-Flux method was adapted for application in natural and semi-natural land use types (peatlands, forests and grasslands) by lowering the 15N tracer application rate to 0.04–0.5 kg 15N ha−1. For our chamber design (volume / surface = 8:1) and a 20 h incubation period, the minimum detectable flux rates were 4 μg N m−2 h−1 and 0.2 ng N m−2 h−1 for the N2 and N2O fluxes respectively. The N2 flux ranged between 2.4 and 416.6 μg N m−2 h−1, and the grassland soils showed on average 3 and 14 times higher denitrification rates than the woodland and organic soils respectively. The N2O flux was on average 20 to 200 times lower than the N2 flux, while the denitrification product ratio (N2O/N2 + N2O) was low, ranging between 0.03 and 13 %. Total denitrification rates measured by the acetylene inhibition technique under the same field conditions correlated (r = 0.58) with the denitrification rates measured under the 15N Gas-Flux method but were underestimated by a factor of 4 and this was attributed to the incomplete inhibition of N2O reduction to N2 under relatively high soil moisture content. The results show that the 15N Gas-Flux method can be used for quantifying N2 and N2O production rates in natural terrestrial ecosystems, thus significantly improving our ability to constrain ecosystem N budgets.
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Roberts, Rebecca, and Nicholas T. Ktistakis. "Omegasomes: PI3P platforms that manufacture autophagosomes." Essays in Biochemistry 55 (September 27, 2013): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0550017.
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Autophagy is a conserved survival pathway, which cells and tissues will activate during times of stress. It is characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes inside the cytoplasm. The molecular mechanisms and the signalling components involved require specific control to ensure correct activation. The present chapter describes the formation of autophagosomes from within omegasomes, newly identified membrane compartments enriched in PI3P (phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) that serve as platforms for the formation of at least some autophagosomes. We discuss the signalling events required to nucleate the formation of omegasomes as well as the protein complexes involved.
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Crossley, R. J., P. J. Schubel, and N. A. Warrior. "Experimental determination and control of prepreg tack for automated manufacture." Plastics, Rubber and Composites 40, no. 6-7 (September 2011): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328910x12777566997810.
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Božiková, Monika, and Peter Hlaváč. "Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Biodiesel And Bioethanol Samples." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2013-0023.
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Abstract This article deals with thermal properties of selected biodiesel and bioethanol samples (biodiesel No 1, No 2 and bioethanol No 1, No 2). Biodiesel is renewable fuel that can be manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease for use in diesel vehicles. Biodiesel‘s physical properties are similar to those of petroleum diesel, but it is a cleaner-burning alternative fuel. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is a clear liquid. Also known as ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and EtOH, the molecules in this fuel contain a hydroxyl group (OH-) bonded to a carbon atom. Ethanol is made of the same chemical compound regardless of whether it is produced from starch and sugar-based feedstocks, such as corn grain, sugar cane, etc. The hot wire method was used for thermal parameters measurements. The experiment is based on measuring the temperature rise vs. time evaluation of an electrically heated wire embedded in the tested material. Thermal conductivity is derived from the resulting change in temperature over a known time interval. For two samples of biodiesel and two samples of bioethanol, there were determined basic thermophysical parameters - thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Two series of measurements were made for each sample of biodiesel and bioethanol. In the first series, there were measured the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity at constant room temperature 20 °C. Every thermophysical parameter was measured 10 times for each sample. The results were statistically processed. In the second series of measurements, there were measured the relations of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity to temperature in temperature range 20-29 °C. It was evident from results that all measured dependencies are nonlinear. Polynomial functions described by polynomial coefficients were obtained for both thermophysical parameters. The type of function was selected according to statistical evaluation based on the coefficient of determination for every thermophysical parameter graphical dependency. All obtained results are presented in Figures 1-4 and in Tables 1-4. The results of thermophysical parameters measurements of biodiesel and bioethanol could be compared with the values presented in literature.
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Iwakiri, Setsuo, Rosilani Trianoski, Thiago Souza Rosa, and Leandro Sousa Silva da Costa. "EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE TIME IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARTICLEBOARDS." FLORESTA 49, no. 3 (July 16, 2019): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v49i3.53238.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different temperatures and pressing times, near of industrial conditions, on the properties of experimental panels produced in the laboratory. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different temperatures and pressing times, near of industrial conditions, on the properties of experimental panels produced in the laboratory. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three different temperatures and pressing times, near of industrial conditions, on the properties of experimental panels produced in the laboratory. The increase in the pressing time did not significantly affect the physical properties of the panels but improved their mechanical properties. The increase in the pressing temperature reduced the mechanical properties of the panels.
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Marukovich, E. I., V. Yu Stetsenko, and A. P. Gutev. "MANUFACTURE AND USE OF SILUMIN WITH GLOBULAR SILICON." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 2 (July 4, 2017): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2017-2-15-19.
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Methods of production of silumin with globular silicon are developed. The manufacturing of this new antifriction material are organized. The wear resistance and operational life of articles from silumin with globular silicon are on par with or surpass performance of similar articles of antifriction bronze, but the articles of silumin with globular silicon are lighter and three times cheaper than articles from antifriction bronze.
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Tüfekci, Mehmet, and Saadettin Güner. "The determination of optimum fermentation time in Turkish black tea manufacture." Food Chemistry 60, no. 1 (September 1997): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-8146(96)00302-0.
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Bogoslovskii, V. V. "Determination of zinc in wastewater from viscose manufacture by inversion potentiometry." Fibre Chemistry 16, no. 6 (1985): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00546258.
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