Academic literature on the topic 'Determination of manufacture times'
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Journal articles on the topic "Determination of manufacture times"
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Dragan, А. P., О. V. Flionts, М. І. Klendiy, R. М. Kotyk, and І. І. Semeniv. "Features of Manufacturing Spiral Corrugated Blanks From Various Profiles of Corrugations." Podilian Bulletin: Agriculture, Engineering, Economics, no. 29 (November 30, 2018): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37406/2706-9052-2018-2-7.
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The leading role in the field of using spiral mechanisms plays the design and manufacture of corrugated spiral working bodies, which are widely used in mixers, heat exchangers, machines for borontation of free abrasives, in the confectionery and pharmaceutical industries, etc. Increasing the requirements to the design and technological parameters, quality, reliability and durability, enhanced technological capabilities require deep analysis of existing structures and technologies of their production and the development of scientific research on theoretical and experimental studies and their successful implementation in production. The paper focuses on the development and implementation of new advanced technological processes of spiral corrugated and ring blanks. The results of theoretical and experimental research were based on the development and analysis of technological schemes for the formation of screw corrugated blanks in order to improve the mixing of bulk materials. The functional and structural and technological features of spiral corrugated blanks manufacture and the designing of the appropriate technological equipment and facilities with the withdrawal of the analytical dependences for determination of treatment regimes. The analytical dependences for determination of power and structural parameters of technological process of bending blanks between two cylindrical gear cross-sectional toothed wheels. Characteristics curves of spiral corrugated blanks on the basis of width and thickness of the lines and the workpiece step of 1 ... 3 mm thickness and with 15 ... 25….30 mm width are given in the paper. The results of the experiment show that labor productivity will increase by 20-30% in manufacturing, 2-3 times in control operations
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Trukhanov, V. M., N. V. Fedorova, and G. V. Trukhanov. "ENSURING RELIABILITY FOR COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS LIKE MOVABLE MOUNTINGS OF SPECIAL PURPOSE." Spravochnik. Inzhenernyi zhurnal, no. 274 (2020): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/hb.2020.01.pp.042-047.
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The article is devoted to the question of ensuring the reliability of complex technical systems such as special purpose mobile units for extended service life. The features of maintainability of complex systems as one of the properties of mobile units, which must be taken into account in the development of structures, provide them in the manufacture and maintain during operation at a given level of quantitative reliability. The qualitative analysis of design solutions to ensure accessibility to places of control and maintenance, meet the requirements for interchangeability, unification and structural and technological continuity is described. Mathematical dependences for assessing the maintainability of special-purpose mobile installations in the form of distribution laws and failure recovery times are presented, as well as mathematical dependencies on the determination of spare parts and materials necessary for timely ensuring reliability, in particular maintainability, during operation.
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Woodworth, Philip L. "Tide prediction machines at the Liverpool Tidal Institute." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2020): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-11-15-2020.
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Abstract. The 100th anniversary of the Liverpool Tidal Institute (LTI) was celebrated during 2019. One aspect of tidal science for which the LTI acquired a worldwide reputation was the development and use of tide prediction machines (TPMs). The TPM was invented in the late 19th century, but most of them were made in the first half of the 20th century, up until the time that the advent of digital computers consigned them to museums. This paper describes the basic principles of a TPM, reviews how many were constructed around the world and discusses the method devised by Arthur Doodson at the LTI for the determination of harmonic tidal constants from tide gauge data. These constants were required in order to set up the TPMs for predicting the heights and times of the tides. Although only 3 of the 30-odd TPMs constructed were employed in operational tidal prediction at the LTI, Doodson was responsible for the design and oversight of the manufacture of several others. The paper demonstrates how the UK, and the LTI and Doodson in particular, played a central role in this area of tidal science.
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Kasabova, Kateryna, Nataliа Shmatchenko, Aleksey Zagorulko, and Andreii Zahorulko. "Determination of the comprehensive indicator of pastille with the use of multi-component fruit-berry paste." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 3(59) (July 2, 2021): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.232352.
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The object of research in this work is the technology of pastille with the addition of multicomponent fruit and berry paste. Pastille are becoming more and more popular in the world for all segments of the population. Usually, the main ingredients for their manufacture are fruit raw materials, a structurant and egg white, therefore, the products contain practically no fat and have a low calorie content. It is proposed to replace 75 % of traditional applesauce in the recipe with a multicomponent fruit and berry paste made from apples, cranberries, hawthorn. It was found that such a composition makes it possible to obtain products with an increased content of pectin substances, ascorbic acid, polyphenols, including anthocyanins, catechins and flavonols. The work is aimed at studying the application of the principles of qualimetry to determine a complex indicator of the quality of pastille For this, the organoleptic and physicochemical indicators of the quality of the developed pastille were taken from previous studies and the chemical composition was determined and the content of biologically active substances was calculated relative to the average daily human need. The content of pectin substances in new products increases 1.7 times and satisfies the average daily human need by 18.2 %. The content of ascorbic acid is 4.2 times higher, which is 20.5 % of the average daily human need, and polyphenols 3.2 times higher – 579.0 %. The data obtained make it possible to consider the developed product functional. The next step was to determine the complex indicator of products by the qualimetric method. For a more complete disclosure of product properties, a structure of pastille quality indicators has been developed – a «tree of properties». Thus, the comprehensive assessment of the quality of the control sample corresponds to the indicator «good» (0.66), while the integrated assessment of pastille with multicomponent paste corresponds to the indicator «very good» (0.98). On the basis of organoleptic, physicochemical indicators and chemical composition of products, it was established that the indicator of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of a pastille with a multicomponent paste, taking into account all group indicators, is 48 % higher compared to the control.
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BREIDT, F., K. KAY, J. COOK, J. OSBORNE, B. INGHAM, and F. ARRITT. "Determination of 5-Log Reduction Times for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, or Listeria monocytogenes in Acidified Foods with pH 3.5 or 3.8†." Journal of Food Protection 76, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): 1245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-528.
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A critical factor in ensuring the safety of acidified foods is the establishment of a thermal process that assures the destruction of acid-resistant vegetative pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. For acidified foods such as dressings and mayonnaises with pH values of 3.5 or higher, the high water phase acidity (acetic acid of 1.5 to 2.5% or higher) can contribute to lethality, but there is a lack of data showing how the use of common ingredients such as acetic acid and preservatives, alone or in combination, can result in a 5-log reduction for strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes in the absence of a postpackaging pasteurization step. In this study, we determined the times needed at 10°C to achieve a 5-log reduction of E. coli O157:H7, S. enterica, and L. monocytogenes in pickling brines with a variety of acetic and benzoic acid combinations at pH 3.5 and 3.8. Evaluation of 15 different acid-pH combinations confirmed that strains of E. coli O157:H7 were significantly more acid resistant than strains of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes. Among the acid conditions tested, holding times of 4 days or less could achieve a 5-log reduction for vegetative pathogens at pH 3.5 with 2.5% acetic acid or at pH 3.8 with 2.5% acetic acid containing 0.1% benzoic acid. These data indicate the efficacy of benzoic acid for reducing the time necessary to achieve a 5-log reduction in target pathogens and may be useful for supporting process filings and the determination of critical controls for the manufacture of acidified foods.
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Hajderi, Asllan, and Shkelqim Gjevori. "On Determination of Pollution in Urban Junction, Caused by Vehicles." European Journal of Sustainable Development 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n4p51.
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In this study, given the determination of the pollution quantity from vehicles in an urbanjunction in order to reduce the pollution level and fuel. The pollution caused by vehicles,it is taken based on production years within the EC directives. Types of vehiclescirculating are determined based on vehicles state, divided by production years and thetype of engine.For urban junction with roundabout "Zogu Zi", they are performed measurements ofvehicles number, that move in an hour, describing way with slowly and relevant time. Forthis junction it is calculated vehicle speed at the junction and pollution quantity isconverted to g/min and then it is determined the pollution quantity per hour for existingstate of vehicles divided into 5 groups, according to pollution level. For practicalapplication, only vehicles manufactured after 2000 in circulation, it results that can beachieved a pollution reduction at the junction up to 3 times. To realize this, it is proposedthe removal of customs duty for vehicles manufactured after 2001 and establishment ofadditional environmental tax, proportional to the pollution degree for vehicles incirculation.
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Himata, Katsuichi, Charles Warner, Douglas Currie, Qian Graves, and Gregory Diachenko. "The Use of Electrodialysis to Prepare Aqueous Bread Extracts for Bromate Determination by Chemiluminescence." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 88, no. 3 (May 1, 2005): 794–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/88.3.794.
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Abstract A cleanup procedure based on electrodialysis is described for the preparation of aqueous bread extracts for bromate determination by chemiluminescence. The technique utilizes electrophoresis with 3 chambers separated by semipermeable membranes. The relative merits of reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration, and nanofiltration membranes with various molecular weight cutoffs were evaluated. The best results were obtained with an RO membrane manufactured from thin-film (composite) polysulfone as support for polyamide. A 0.14M sodium sulfate solution in the center or collection chamber provides optimum conductivity. Aqueous hydroxylamine sulfate (30mM) was selected for the anode compartment as a reductant for the anode oxidation products. The constant current mode at 150 mA with a potential of ca 100 volts was used. After electrophoretic separation, the bromate concentration in the collection chamber was typically 2 to 3 times greater than the concentration in the bread extract. The chemiluminescent reaction of bromate with sulfite with hydrocortisone as the enhancer was selected for detection of bromate. The emission, with a wavelength maximum at 575 nm, was found to “glow” rather than “flash” after the reagents were mixed; therefore, it was possible to optimize the light collection period. The method was validated with a variety of commercial bread products. White bread, hot dog buns, hamburger rolls, and a multigrain bread from 7 different manufacturers were studied.
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Lipina, Jan, Václav Krys, and Jiří Marek. "Bend Testing on Components Manufactured by Rapid Prototyping Technology in Combination with other Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 772 (July 2015): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.772.44.
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The knowledge of the mechanical properties of the material used is a necessary prerequisite for the quality design of any structural unit. It applies to components manufactured using Rapid Prototyping technology (hereinafter only RP) multiple times, because it is not enough to only know the mechanical properties of a material from which the components are printed. Other factors affect the component printing, such as the orientation of the printed component, the selection of the component's internal structure, possibility of connection with other materials, etc. The article follows from the previous research of the experimental determination of the bend strength of parts printed by RP technology from polycarbonate, which focuses on bend-testing of samples printed with various internal structures. This article expands on the original research by experimental determination of the bend strength of printed components, which form a unit with another material. The obtained information can be utilised in the design of components manufactured with RP technology using professional printers.
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Sustova, Kvetoslava, Jiri Mlcek, Tana Luzova, and Jan Kuchtik. "Utilization of FT-NIR Spectroscopy to Check Acidity of Various Types of Cheeses." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 893–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5740/jaoacint.18-0250.
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Abstract Background: Monitoring the acidity of cheese is an important control mechanism in various stages of manufacture, including aging. Acid development in cheesemaking is essential to cheese flavor, texture, and safety. Objective: The aim of the work was to develop and validate calibration models by using NIR spectroscopy, which allows for the monitoring of changes in cheese acidity (pH and titration acidity) during cheese ripening. Methods: Cheeses were analyzed by an FT-NIR spectrometer. Each of the samples was analyzed three times, and for calibration, an average spectrum was used. A partial least-squares regression was used to develop calibration models. The constructed calibration models were validating by full cross-validation. Results: Calibration models were created with a high correlation coefficient for the following cheese pH levels: blue cheese (0.966), Olomouc curd read smear cheese (0.984), and fresh goat cheese (0.980). Results of the calibration of titratable acidity are functional for fresh goat cheese (0.953) and mozzarella (0.999). Conclusions: The results of these new calibration methods showed the possibility of NIR technology for the fast determination of pH and titratable acidity. Highlights: Detection of cheese acidity using FT-NIR spectrometry enables rapid evaluation of the process of lactic acidification in particular cheese technological operations, including the maturing of cheeses.
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Manns, Thorsten, André Rothkirch, and Berthold Scholtes. "Residual stress determination in surface treated alumina samples applying beam limiting masks." Powder Diffraction 24, S1 (June 2009): S77—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.3133147.
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This paper deals with the implementation of a theoretically described method to determine residual stresses in real space directly by means of small gauge volumes. For this purpose, beam limiting masks were designed, manufactured, and investigated in first experiments. Image series taken with a position sensitive CCD camera demonstrate the ability to detect interferences from gauge volumes beneath the sample surface by defined slit geometries. The experiments show that due to the highly absorbing masks the amount of detectable photons is poor, and thus long exposure times are necessary to receive suitable data. For increasing measurement depths (altering masks) a decrease in the intensity can be detected which leads to the assumption that the diffracted photons originate from deeper regions in the material. A model was developed to simulate the diffraction conditions with different mask layouts and material properties. Modeling yields consistent results with experimental data, and thus provides a basis for further improvements of the experimental setup and the realization and assessment of residual stress measurements.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Determination of manufacture times"
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Nonn, Vilém. "Návrh na zefektivnění výroby strojírenské součásti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443217.
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This thesis deals with the efficiency improvement proposal of production of engineering component for agricultural machine. Firstly, the current production proces is described including description of the component and determination of manufacture times. The next part contains efficiency improvement proposal of production including determination of manufacture times. The last chapter contains a comparison of both variants in terms of production costs. The final provision summarizes results which were achieved and overall benefits of the thesis.
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Starkie, Andrew John. "Calorimetric methods for the determination of kinetic and thermometric data for safe chemical manufacture." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386234.
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Zhao, Fan. "Determination of carded Web density by image processing." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8717.
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Broberg, Henrik. "Steaming of Wood Chips - Experimental determination of heating times and effect of different parameters." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259926.
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The presteaming of wood chips is an important step in the chemical pulping industry. It removes the air from within wood chips, allowing the cooking liquor to better impregnate wood chips, which leads to a more uniform cooking process, and lowers the amount of rejects. When steaming at atmospheric pressure, it is important that the temperature of the wood chips reach 100ᴼ C, as otherwise there will be an equilibrium leaving some air left inside. Having poorly steamed chips in a process could cause severe problems when it comes to reaching the targeted kappa number, or having the adequate retention time in the digester. There are a few different ways in which the wood chips are presteamed within the industry, however, there is little experimental data regarding the heating time of wood chips that can be used when designing these systems. Most studies have mainly focused on the air removal, or improvement of the impregnation step, and the few studies that have included the heating of the wood chips were limited to only one type of wood chip, or failed to specify the experimental details. Therefore, handmade wood chips pine and birch, two tree species commonly found in Sweden, were steamed in an ATEX designed digester with a steam jacket. The wood chips had thermocouples inside them and the temperature and time was recorded, and the effect of different parameters on the heating could thus be studied.The results revealed that there could be more than a minute in average time difference between wood chips of different thicknesses, both for birch and pine, although the difference in heating time was more linearly correlated to thickness for the birch chips. Pine chips of different thickness were also studied when the pressure inside the digester was allowed to build up, which showed that it is mainly thicker chips that have reduced heating time under such circumstances, as the thinner chips stop heating for a while when the steam condensates on colder surroundings. When comparing heartwood and sapwood chips, it was noted that the difference in heating time could be around 1 minute at most for pine, but only a few seconds for birch. This was most likely due to the pine heartwood and sapwood having distinct moisture contents, 25 % and 58 % respectively, while it was 41% and 42 % in birch heartwood and sapwood. Birch and pine chips wee also steamed together, however, the difference in heating time was only a few seconds on average. When comparing these experimental results with simulation data of the steaming of wood chips, it fit rather well when it came to the general heating time. However, the effect of increased moisture content had a much larger impact in the simulations, which predicted that more moist wood chips would need several minutes more steaming time, while the experiments only showed at difference of, at most, around 1 minute. When comparing with old experimental data, that has been the basis for the design of older steaming processes, it gave very distinct results, where the effect of thickness did not have as big of an impact as in the old data. No further comparison could be made, however, as the experimental conditions for the old experimental data were not known. Based on these results, it was noted that a steaming time of at least 5 minutes would be needed to ensure that even the largest and more moist chips could reach 100ᴼ C in this system. Finally, the condensate from the handmade birch and pine chips was analyzed. It revealed the presence of low molecular weight compounds like methanol, formic acid and acetic acid. Common metal ions were also present,although the amount of sodium ions clearly surpassed the rest. The pH of the pine condensate was measured and it was very high, which implies that the condensate was contaminated.Basning av flis är ett viktigt steg inom kemisk massaindustri. Det avlägsnar luft från flisens insida vilket gör att impregneringen av luten blir bättre, vilket i sin tur leder till en jämnare kokning och färre rejekt. När basningen sker vid atmosfärstryck är det viktigt att flisen når en temperatur på 100ᴼ C, annars kommer det finna ett jämviktstillstånd där lite luft blir kvar på insidan. Att ha otillräckligt basad flis i en process skulle kunna orsaka stora problem när det gäller att nå önskade kappatal, eller att ha en önskad retentionstid i kokaren.Basningen görs på ett par olika sätt inom industrin, men det finns väldigt lite experimentell data tillgänglig angående flisens upvärmning, som skulle kunna användas när dessa system designas. De flesta vetenskapliga studier har fokuserat på luftborttagningen eller på förbättringar av impregneringssteget, medan de få studier som inkluderat mätningar av temperaturen ofta varit begränsade till ett slags trä, eller så har de inte inkluderat detaljer kring experimentet. Därför basades handgjorda flisbitar av björk och tall från Sverige i en ATEX-designad kokare med en ångjacka. Flisen hade termoelement inuti och temperaturen samt tiden kunde avläsas, vilket gjorde det möjligt att studera effekten av olika parametrar. Resultaten visade att det kunde skilja mer än en minut i uppvärmningstid mellan flisbitar av olika tjocklekar, både för tall och björk, även fast skillnaden i uppvärmningstid var mer linjärt relaterad till tjockleken för björkflisen. Tallflisen studerades också när trycket inuti kokar tilläts stiga vilket visade att det de tjockare flisbitarnas uppvärmningstid som kortas ned mest, eftersom de tunnare flisbitarna slutar värmas upp när ångan börjar kondensera på kallare ytor runt omkring. När flis av splintved och kärnved jämfördes visade det sig att skillnaden i uppvärmningstid kunde vara omkring 1 minut för tall, men endast ett par sekunder för björk. Detta beror troligtvis på att kärnveden och splintveden i tall hade stora skillnader i fukthalt, 25 % respektive 58 %, medan det för björk var 41 % och 42%. Björkflis och tallflis basades även tillsammans men det skillde bara ett fåtal sekunder i genomsnitt i uppvärmningstid. När den experimentella datan jämfördes med data från simuleringar visade det sig att de stämmer väl överens när det gäller uppvärmningstiden i allmänhet. Å andra sidan förutspådde simuleringsdatan att en ökad fukthalt skulle leda till flera minuters skillnad i uppvärmningstid, medan endast 1 minuts skillnad uppmättes. När jämförelser gjordes med gammal experimentell data som använts som grund för tidigare processers design, var resultaten ganska olika eftersom den gamla datan visade en större effekt av ökad tjocklek än den som uppmättes.Tyvärr kunde inte fler jämförelser göras eftersom detaljerna kring experimentet bakom den gamla datan inte var kända. Slutligen analyserades även kondensatet från de handgjorda flisbitarna av tall och björk. Det visade att det fanns små mängder av små polära organiska ämnen, såsom metanol, myrsyra och ättiksyra. Vanliga metalljoner detekterades också, där mängden natrium var klart större än övriga metalljoner. Tallkondensatets pH mättes och det visade sig vara väldigt högt, något som tyder på att det troligtvis var förorenat.
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Sonntag, Danja R. [Verfasser]. "Safety stock determination in production systems with random yield and positive lead times / Danja R. Sonntag." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149124393/34.
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Sonntag, Danja [Verfasser]. "Safety stock determination in production systems with random yield and positive lead times / Danja R. Sonntag." Magdeburg : Universitätsbibliothek, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149124393/34.
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Batigun, Caner. "Determination Of Welding Parameter Dependent Hot Cracking Susceptibility Of 5086-h32 Aluminium Alloy With The Use Of Mvt Method." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605721/index.pdf.
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Hot cracking is a serious problem that encounters during welding of aluminium-magnesium alloys. In the present study, solidification and liquation type of hot cracks in weld metal and the heat-affected zones of 5086-H32 aluminium alloy were investigated by using Modified Varestraint Test (MVT) with TIG-AC and TIG-DC welding. With determining the size, type and number of cracks, a relation was established between welding line energy and strain on the hot crack formation. This information was used to determine the hot crack safe parameter ranges. The hot cracking tendency as a function of applied parameters were discussed in the frame of temperature fields around the moving heat source. Moreover, the characteristic hot crack locations on the 5086-H32 MVT specimens were generalized.
The results of the study indicated that the increase in line energy and strain increased the hot cracking tendency of the specified aluminium alloy. In the low line energy range, the main hot cracking mechanism is the solidification cracking which could be overcome by the use of a suitable filler material. At high line energy range, due to the increased amount of interdendritic liquid, the amount of solidification cracking decreases by healing mechanism. However, because of the enlarged-temperature-field around the weld zone, fraction of HAZ cracking increases. The comparison between the hot cracking tendencies in low and high line energies indicates that the low line energy ranges with low augmented strains resulted in hot crack safer parameters.
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Wang, Cheng-Lung, and 王政龍. "The Manufacture of Bamboo Activated Carbon- Determination of Manufacture Terms." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54170603490388787923.
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碩士國立中興大學
森林學系
87
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the manufacture processes that produced active carbon with larger surface area and higher yield. These processes included dehydration, carbonization and activation. Two species of bamboo, Phyllostachys heterocycla Mitf. and Bambusa atrovirens Wen were tested. The test conditions composed of five levels of heating rate, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 ℃/min, three levels of activation temperature, 900, 1000, 1100 ℃, and two kinds of gas, CO2 and N2 at the rate of 100ml/min were evaluated. The results were found as follows: (1)It was proper to heat bamboo at the rate of 2 ℃/min in carbonization stage. (2)The yield of active carbon was higher for fully loaded bamboo without culm. (3)There were no significant difference in yield for varied moisture contents of samples, varied activation temperatures and gases. Therefore, The best condition to manufacture bamboo activated carbon of large sureface area, average diameter of pore and pore volume was that the samples were heated to 700 ℃ at the rate of 2oC/min, lasted for one hour at 700℃, reheated to 900℃, and added N2 at the rate of 100ml/min for one hour activation.
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Cheng, Yang-Kai, and 鄭揚凱. "Manufacture and quality determination of smoked dainty products from tilapia." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98158892259329393698.
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碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
87
The provincially aquacultured tilapia was used as materials to prepare a smoked dainty product. Tilapia fillets immersed with seasonings were semi-dried by hot-air and subsequently dried by smoking. The appropriate seasonings and processing process were investigated via hedonic sensory evaluation. Quality of the smoked dainty product was also determined. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Moisture content, water activity, salt content, and labelled storage life for several commercial products similar to the developed product were 6-40%, 0.6-0.8, 2-6%, and 8-12 months, respectively. 2. The higher salt content in immersed sauce, the higher rate of salt osmosis to fillets was observed. The moisture content of fillets reduced during immersion. Considering to both factors related to seasoning and microorganism growth, the immersion was controlled at 4℃ for 6 days. 3. During smoking, the Hunter L value of tilapia fillets decreased and Hunter a and b value increased. The fillet turned to brown color in appearance. This change resulted from the complicated effects with regard to curing agent, heating condition, and smoke components. 4. The process for preparation of smoked dainty products from tilapia was established. The water activity (Aw) of the products thus obtained was below 0.7. For reaching the Aw level of intermediate foods, the products could be distributed at normal temperature. 5. POV and TBA of the prepared products were not significantly changed during storage. Inhibition of microorganisms by drying combined with antioxidant action of smoke resulted in the storage stability. 6. Fatty acid composition of tilapia flesh was hardly not affected due to smoking or water-cooking. The two processes were better than frying to prevent from obvious decrease in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Chen, Po-ting, and 陳柏廷. "Manufacture and Assembly Scheduling with Batch Setup Times in a Two-Machine Flowshop." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45227813129626438170.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
96
In the scheduling literature about the two-stage assembly, the setup time is often ignored. However, an explicit consideration of setup time in the first stage is usually required in many practical manufacturing environments. This thesis considers a two-stage assembly scheduling of product problem with setup time to minimize the makespan (or maximum completion time). In this problem, the product consists of one or more common components. Since the problem is NP-complete, we propose a heuristic to solve the problem and evaluate the performance of the heuristic by a tight lower bound. Computational results show that the heuristic can obtain a near optimal solution in almost zero time and the average percentage deviation is only 0.714.
Books on the topic "Determination of manufacture times"
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Gunfounding and gunfounders: A directory of cannon founders from earliest times to 1850. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1986.
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Institution, British Standards. Carbonaceous materials used in aluminium manufacture.: Section 1.7 Determination of apparent density (buoyancy method). London: BSI, 1988.
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Toker, Mehmet Ayhan. Disaggregation of joint production systems in the determination of process specific embodied labour times. London: University College, 1985.
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Rowling, J. K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. Los Angeles, CA: Intervisual Books, 2002.
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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.
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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Institute, Strathclyde. Computer Integrated Manufacture for the Engineering Industry ("Financial Times" Management Reports). Financial Times Business Information Ltd, 1990.
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Sir James P.Kay- Shuttleworth. Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Classes Employed in the Cotton Manufacture in Manchester (Victorian Times). Frank Cass Publishers, 2006.
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From Hooves to Horns, from Mollusc to Mammoth: Manufacture and Use of Bone Artefacts from Prehistoric Times to the Present. Oxbow Books Ltd, 2005.
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Reeves, John C., and Annette Yoshiko Reed. Enoch as Culture Hero. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718413.003.0003.
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This chapter gathers together a wide variety of sources which call attention to the kinds of intellectual and cultural accomplishments which are assigned to Enoch within literary works authored by Jews, Christians, and Muslims from the pre-biblical era to the Middle Ages. These include summary statements outlining a type of curriculum vitae for Enoch as well as statements about more specific achievements thematically arranged under the following categories: astronomical, astrological, and calendrical discoveries; insights into cosmological arcana; the invention of writing and contributions to book culture; traditions about the manufacture of garments; the determination of standards for weights and measures; and discoveries and writings pertaining to medicine and pharmacology.
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Feemster, Kristen A. Vaccines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190277901.001.0001.
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Immunization is regarded by many as one of the greatest advances in modern civilization. The widespread use of vaccines has led to increases in life expectancy, reductions in the occurrence of childhood diseases, and is generally credited with saving millions of lives annually. But since their discovery two centuries ago, vaccines have been dogged by pockets of persistent distrust among those who are skeptical of their science or who find compulsory immunization at odds with personal liberty. The rise of these voices in contemporary culture has contributed to trends of vaccine delay and vaccine hesitancy in some communities -- a chasm between the general population and the scientific establishment that has persisted and grown at times across the last several decades. VACCINES: What Everyone Needs to Know® offers a scientifically grounded overview of the science, manufacture, and culture of vaccines in the United States and internationally. Aiming to offer an unbiased resource on this hotly debated subject, it provides accessible, authoritative overviews of the following: · How vaccines work · The history of vaccines · Vaccine policy -- who writes it, and does it matter? · The contents and manufacture of vaccines · Vaccine injury · The alleged link between vaccines and autism · Vaccines and new outbreaks Written by a leading authority in both infectious disease and vaccine education, this book offers a clear-eyed resource for parents or anyone with an interest in the use, efficacy, and controversy surrounding vaccines. In a subject area defined by partisanship, it offers reliable resource for what everyone needs to know.
Book chapters on the topic "Determination of manufacture times"
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Sangster, Alan, Mikhail Kuter, Marina Gurskaya, and Angelina Andreenkova. "The Determination of Profit in Medieval Times." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 215–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74980-8_20.
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Ardouin, D. "Determination of Emission Times Using two Particle Correlation." In Nuclear Matter in Different Phases and Transitions, 385–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4556-5_31.
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Dolenko, S. A., A. V. Filippov, A. F. Pal, I. G. Persiantsev, and A. O. Serov. "Determination of Gas Temperature in a CVD Reactor from Optical Emmission Spectra with the Help of Artificial Neural Networks and Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH)." In Adaptive Computing in Design and Manufacture, 345–53. London: Springer London, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1589-2_27.
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Moorthy, S. N., M. S. Sajeev, R. P. K. Ambrose, and R. J. Anish. "Cassava." In Tropical tuber starches: structural and functional characteristics, 18–60. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786394811.0018.
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Abstract This book chapter outlines the extraction and purification (i.e. determination of starch in roots, water requirements, industrial-grade tapioca starch manufacture, semi-mechanized tapioca starch manufacture, modern methods of tapioca starch manufacture), physiochemical properties (i.e. biochemical content, amylose and amylopectin content), structural properties (i.e. granular morphology, XRD and starch crystallinity, structure of amylose and amylopectin), functional properties (i.e. swelling pattern and solubility, viscosity, rheological properties, retrogradation, thermal properties, DSC, and digestibility) of cassava.
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Auer, Manfred, and Heike Welte. "Co-determination in Times of Economic Crisis: Changes in the Social Positioning of Works Councillors?" In Democratic Competences and Social Practices in Organizations, 102–17. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-19631-2_7.
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Lie, Sophus. "Approach [Ansatz] Towards the Determination of All Finite Continuous Groups of $$n$$ n -times Extended Space." In Theory of Transformation Groups I, 599–618. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46211-9_28.
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Fishman, Harvey M., and H. Richard Leuchtag. "Determination of Potassium- and Sodium-Channel Relaxation Times in Squid Nerve Fibers from Membrane Admittance Analysis." In Advances in Chemistry, 415–28. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1994-0235.ch019.
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Gehrig, J., R. Bader, H. J. Zabel, and W. J. Lorenz. "The Application of Surface Coils for Tissue Characterization — Demonstrated by the Determination of T2 Relaxation Times." In Tissue Characterization in MR Imaging, 26–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74993-3_4.
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Iturrate, Mikel, Xabier Amezua, Xabier Garikano, Jose Antonio Oriozabala, Iñaki Martin, and Eneko Solaberrieta. "Generative Design in the Transmission System of a Skateboard." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 169–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_27.
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AbstractGenerative design (GD) is a new way of designing products that respond to the current characteristics of the 4.0 industry era. It allows the customization of designs and helps to minimize process times and material quantities. In the case study, two parts of the transmission system of a skateboard have been designed using GD of Solid Edge ST10. The design has been customized for 67 kg users who will use the skateboard for riding and not for jumping or doing tricks. On the other hand, the aim was to minimize the weight and the use of material for its manufacture. Once the initial solid is defined, the software generates specific designs for different levels of mass reduction or product quality. An axle with a mass reduction of 70% from the initial solid and a base with reduction of 60% have been proposed. The GD more than an alternative is a requirement to respond to the demands of the 4.0 industry in which customization and cost reduction are one of the fundamental pillars. This type of design, at the same time, forces to adapt the manufacturing processes so that it is necessary to manufacture in additive manufacturing (AM) machines.
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Zepka, Susana, Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis, Maria Margareth da Silva, Mario Ueda, Antonio Augusto Couto, Felipe Rocha Caliari, and Adriano Gonçalves dos Reis. "Superficial Parameters Determination of the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Submitted to PIII Treatment in Different Times of Implantation." In Advanced Structured Materials, 375–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07383-5_26.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Determination of manufacture times"
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Bergs, Thomas, Benjamin Döbbeler, Tobias Seelbach, Martin Seimann, and Fritz Klocke. "Development of an Alternative Approach for Cutting Force Determination in Broaching." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90139.
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Abstract Fir tree slots in turbine discs are used as an attachment between the disc and the blades. To a great extend, these slots are manufactured by broaching. Currently, the used cutting tool material is High Speed Steel (HSS). Due to its low high temperature stability, the manufacturing process is limited to low cutting speeds (vc = 2–5 m/min) and presents, therefore, a bottleneck in the turbine manufacturing process. To increase the productivity, cemented carbide can be used as cutting tool material with cutting speeds up to five times higher than those used for HSS. Due to the high safety demands, the broaching process requires extensive process design to ensure a high process reliability. For the tool design, profound knowledge of the mechanical loads is mandatory due to its major effect on the manufactured part. Empirical research to investigate the actual mechanical load is time-consuming and expensive due to high tool costs, especially of cemented carbide broaches, and the high amount of possible tool geometry combinations. In this paper, an alternative approach to determine the cutting forces is presented. Grooving experiments were conducted in order to reproduce the engagement conditions from the broaching process. If the transferability of this approach can be shown, the amount of broaching tools as well as the availability of a broaching machine tool for the design of new broaching tools can be decrease dramatically. This would result in a reduction of tool design time and an increase in productivity for tool manufacturers.
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Matocha, Karel. "Determination of Actual Tensile and Fracture Characteristics of Critical Components of Industrial Plants Under Long Term Operation by SPT." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78553.
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The assessment of the residual lifetime of critical components of industrial plants requires the knowledge of mechanical properties prior to operation, respecting all technological operations realized throughout the manufacture of the component, and the knowledge of mechanical properties after actual time of operation (actual mechanical properties). Small Punch (SP) test technique enables measurement of the realistic material properties at the critical locations in the component both prior and after long-term operation. The paper shows the examples of the sampling of testing material from the critical components of the industrial plants and the procedures for determination of tensile and fracture characteristics by SP tests at ambient and low temperatures. The special attention is devoted to the test specimen orientation for determination of SP fracture energy ESP.
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Abd El Gawad, K., and Yushou Song. "Study on Variation of HPGE Detector Dead Layer Thickness and its Effect on the Measurements of the Detector Response and Samples Characterization Using Monte Carlo Simulation." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-82098.
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The main objective of this work is to produce an optimal modeling for our aged Planar-HPGe detector using Monte Carlo method (MC). That optimization included the analysis of the germanium dead (inactive) layer thickness for our old detection system (planar-HPGe detector). DL is one of the important parameters needed in order to obtain the smallest discrepancy between simulated and experimental measurements of detector efficiency. Also, precise determination of 235U enrichment for UO2 samples which is necessary for purposes of nuclear materials verification in the field of nuclear safeguards. The thickness of Germanium dead layer (DL) can be vary by time as it is not well known due to the existence of a transition zone where photons are strongly attenuated and absorbed, that cannot contribute to the total photon energy absorption which causes a significant decrease in efficiency. Therefore, using data provided by manufacturers since long years (manufacture date) in the detector simulation model is not convenient. As a result, some strong discrepancies appear between measured and simulated efficiency, in addition to that non-accurate results for 235U enrichment determination. The Monte Carlo method applied to overcome this difficulty was to vary the thickness of dead layer step by step in simulation, a good agreement (minimum deviation) between estimated and experimental efficiency was reached when a suitable germanium dead layer thickness was chosen. Calculations and measurements were performed for radioactive nuclear material samples in the form of UO2 powder with different sizes and enrichments at different locations, under different gamma-lines emitted after a-decay of the 235U nuclei. Results indicated that a good agreement between simulated and measured efficiencies is obtained using a value for the germanium dead layer thickness approximately (2.45 mm) six in comparison with (0.389 mm) provided by the detector manufacturer.
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Wielage, B., K. Fleisher, and G. Zimmerman. "Investigations on Thermal Sprayed Carbon-Short-Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Composites." In ITSC 1996, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1996p0349.
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Abstract Composite coatings are increasingly applied for the protection against wear in mechanical constructions. Especially, in the case of abrasion these coatings offer the possibility to protect the base material. The matrix is ductile and the reinforcements cause the higher strength and hardness. A research project presented in this paper dealt with the manufacture of carbon-short-fibre-reinforced aluminum composite coatings by vacuum plasma spraying. The basis of the processing is the agglomeration of aluminum powder and carbon fibres. During the spraying process the aluminum melts, covers the fibres, and so, contributes to the creation of the composite coating and/or the composites. The processing times are so short that the damaging formation of carbides can be suppressed mostly. For the creation of free standing bodies it is necessary to find a qualified core material which allows the removing of the sprayed composites. The investigations on the composites are focused on the metallographical judgement regarding the fibre and void content, the fibre distribution, the characterization of the interface as well as the determination of mechanical properties and the wear resistance.
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Lupeanu, Mihaela E., Hadley Brooks, Allan E. W. Rennie, H. Kursat Celik, Corneliu Neagu, and Ibrahim Akinci. "Design for Manufacture Using Functional Analysis and CAD Mould Simulation for Rapid Prototyping and Rapid Tooling." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82410.
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The pressure of time, quality and cost, together with increasing product variety, more customised products and worldwide competition is driving technology development and implementation in the area of Rapid Manufacturing (RM). Traditionally, the manufacture of tooling for both prototype parts and production components represents one of the longest and most costly phases in the development of most new products. The cost and time implications of the tooling process are particularly problematic for low-volume products aimed at niche markets, or alternatively for rapidly changing high-volume products. Rapid Prototyping (RP) and Rapid Tooling (RT) have the potential to dramatically shorten the time required to produce functional prototypes or products. Functional Analysis (FA) plays a key role in the design process of the actual tools, allowing for innovative solutions that can be achieved with RP and RT. This paper presents a FA methodology to design for manufacture (DFM) based on RP- and RT-specific characteristics, aimed at improving process efficiency, streamline energy consumption, use of volume material, usage of structural innovative lightweight materials, decrease overall costs and improve product quality. Design for Rapid Manufacturing (DFRM) allows for geometric freedom, leading to changes of the overall design process, thus enhancing the FA process. FA begins with stating the need, in a DFRM case that translates into diagnosis, the determination of the manufacturability of the present product and comparison with similar products on the market. Setting objectives, in terms of production costs, quality, flexibility, risk, lead-time, efficiency, and environment are other milestones in FA. Actual function definition involves defining the main functions of the product and their interactions. Clarifying the evaluation parameters, setting criteria levels and technical dimensioning is done for each of the main product functions. The conceptual design process then follows a top-down sequence: corporate, family, structural and component levels. Evaluation and selection of the optimal concept resulting from the FA consists of assessing the manufacturability of the proposed concepts in terms of the DFM objectives. The selected best fit concept is translated to design in the last stage, when the chosen concept is communicated to the development team. The detailed design is carried out in parallel to marketing and product development. Targeted FA is shown to enable generation of innovative solutions, while improving manufacturability. The present research stands as a starting point in the development of product design methodologies that use RP and RT applications for manufacturing physical products.
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Farag, A. M., J. M. Brown, R. J. Sachs, and E. F. Mammen. "PROTHROMBIN TIMES AND CLOTTABLE FIBRINOGEN DETERMINATIONS ON AN AUTOMATED COAGULATION LABORATORY (ACL 810) ANALYZER." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643255.
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The ACL 810 is a fully automated, microcomputer controlled centrifugal analyzer (Instrumentation Laboratory/IL). It performs clot based and chromogenic substrate assays. The clot based assay utilizes laser nephelometry. Prothrombin times (PT) in normal and abnormal plasmas were analyzed on the ACL using different thromboplastins and the data compared with a Fibrometer and a Coag-A-Mate. The correlation between the ACL (II reagents) and the Coag-A-Mate and Fibrometer (Thromboplastin C, Dade) for 100 samples were as follows: ACL vs Coag-A-Mate r = 0.87 (p < 0.001), m (slope) 1.13; ACL vs Fibrometer r = 0.92 (p < 0.001), m = 1.1.Since the ACL 810 determines PT and fibrinogen simultaneously, we compared fibrinogen levels on the ACL 810 (II Thromboplastin) with those analyzed on a Multistat III Centrifugal Analyzer (MCA) (bovine thrombin, Hemostasis Laboratories) and a Fibrometer (Data-Fi, Dade). The following correlations were obtained: ACL vs Fibrometer n = 50, r = 0.922 (p < 0.001), m 0.72; ACL vs MCA n = 100, r 0.899 (p < 0.001), m 0.7; MCA vs Fibrometer n = 70, r = 0.954 (p < 0.001), m = 0.936. We also compared different manufacturers' thromboplastins on the ACL 810 in the determination of fibrinogen with the following results:The run-to-run coefficient of variation (CV) for fibrinogen was 4.4% and for PT 0.26%; the intra-run CV was 4.66% and 0.41%. These data reveal excellent correlations for both PT and fibrinogen not only with different instruments but also with different thromboplastins on the same instrument.
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Bolick, Ronnie L., Ajit D. Kelkar, Jeremy A. Taylor, and Jitendra S. Tate. "Performance Evaluation of Unstitched, Stitched and Z-Pinned Textile Composites Under Static Loading." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81053.
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Advances in conventional tape laminates and textile composites provide aircraft manufacturers important technology, but the industry lacks the confidence to use these composites to manufacture wing and fuselage structures due to high cost and low damage tolerance. In order to overcome the high cost and to improve the damage tolerance of composites, researchers have developed new through-the-thickness reinforcement techniques, such as stitching through the thickness. This reinforcement technique can be used to join the skin, stiffeners, ribs and spars to form an integral structure. The structures are typically more damage tolerant, contain fewer fasteners and are less expensive to manufacture than conventional composite or metallic structures. Furthermore, stitching reduces the manufacturing time and labor compared to drilling holes for fasteners, and may eliminate the problems of fatigue and/or corrosion from galvanic reactions with metal fasteners. Woven composites with through the thickness reinforcements such as stitching have good properties not only in mutually orthogonal directions but also in the transverse direction and more balanced properties than traditional tape laminates. They are also expected to have better fatigue and impact resistance due to the interlacing. Another benefit is reduced manufacturing cost by reducing part count. Because of these potential benefits, these composites are being considered for various applications including primary/secondary components for aerospace structures. The objective of this effort is to develop experimental tools for comparing the performance of these composites reinforced by stitching to unstitched composites. Identification of damage mechanisms and forces available to grow damage is essential for identifying the primary parameters that determine performance. Accurate determination of the driving forces will require extensive manufacturing and experimentation. However, once the reinforcement techniques are well understood, it is anticipated that simplified experiments can be developed that could be used routinely by designers to evaluate the effects of the reinforcements on damage tolerance. This paper specifically addresses the performance evaluation of stitched low cost manufactured composites subjected to static loading. Static tension and compression testing was conducted to determine the Ultimate Tensile and Compressive Strengths, Young’s Moduli and Poisson’s Ratio. Two different stitch patterns or stitch densities were used for comparison. The first density was five rows of stitching per inch of width, with eight stitches per inch over the entire length. The second density was three rows of stitching per inch of width, with four stitches per inch over the entire length.
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Tabatabaie, N., and M. C. Tamargo. "Determination of elastic tunneling traversal times." In 1986 International Electron Devices Meeting. IRE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.1986.191116.
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Vasiliev, Alexandr, and Svetlana Daškevič. "ASSESSMENT OF THE DEPTH AND RATE OF CORROSION IN STEEL REINFORCEMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CULVERTS." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.831.
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Based on the results of many research years on concrete carbonisation: both immediately after manufacture (using heat-moisture treatment) and in reinforced concrete elements operated for the periods of various length (in an open atmosphere); the effect of carbonisation on the change in the protective properties of concrete in relation to steel reinforcement; for determination of the dependence of the corrosion state of steel reinforcement on the degree of concrete carbonisation in the area of steel reinforcement; the obtained regression dependences of the change (by time in the cross section) of the degree of concrete carbonisation of various classes in strength, – the analysis of the time of the onset of the boundary values of the degrees of concrete carbonisation (strength classes C12/15–C30/37) for the operating conditions of the open atmosphere was performed. Based on it, the regression dependences of the time variation of the depth of corrosion damage of steel reinforcement were construed (for fixed thicknesses of the concrete protective layer). The obtained nature of dependences made it possible to offer, in a general form, the regression dependences of the depth of corrosion damage and corrosion rate of steel reinforcement for concretes (strength classes C12/15–C30/37) for operating conditions in open atmosphere.
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Kusiorowski, Robert, Jerzy Witek, Izabela Majchrowicz, Andrzej Kleta, and Anna Jirsa-Ociepa. "Fire barrier based on expanded perlite composites." In The 13th international scientific conference “Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques”. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mbmst.2019.047.
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Decreased strength of building materials as a result of flame impingement (e.g. during a fire) is one of major threats in the construction branch. For these reasons, the effectiveness of fire safety systems in various kinds of facilities or structures is extremely important. One of the determinants of this effectiveness is so-called fire insulation, i.e. time expressed in minutes after which an increase in the temperature of a protected structure or facility exceeds a certain admissible value (140 °C). The results of investigations presented in the article concern the determination of the effect of various mineral binders used in the manufacture of insulation boards from expanded perlite on fire resistance and, in consequence, on extending the time of fire insulation in the conditions of cellulose and hydrocarbon fire. The conducted research has revealed that the fire resistance of perlite products can be modelled by selecting adequate mineral binders, with respect to specific applications and economic considerations. Insulation boards based on expanded perlite – depending on the binder used – were characterized by a fire insulation ranging (with a board thickness of 50 mm) from 50 to 100 minutes in the conditions of cellulose fire and from 20 to 30 minutes in the conditions of hydrocarbon fire.
Reports on the topic "Determination of manufacture times"
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Jiang, Yi, and Hongbo Wu. Determination of INDOT Highway Construction Production Rates and Estimation of Contract Times. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313455.
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Brophy, Kenny, and Alison Sheridan, eds. Neolithic Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.196.
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The main recommendations of the Panel report can be summarised as follows: The Overall Picture: more needs to be understood about the process of acculturation of indigenous communities; about the Atlantic, Breton strand of Neolithisation; about the ‘how and why’ of the spread of Grooved Ware use and its associated practices and traditions; and about reactions to Continental Beaker novelties which appeared from the 25th century. The Detailed Picture: Our understanding of developments in different parts of Scotland is very uneven, with Shetland and the north-west mainland being in particular need of targeted research. Also, here and elsewhere in Scotland, the chronology of developments needs to be clarified, especially as regards developments in the Hebrides. Lifeways and Lifestyles: Research needs to be directed towards filling the substantial gaps in our understanding of: i) subsistence strategies; ii) landscape use (including issues of population size and distribution); iii) environmental change and its consequences – and in particular issues of sea level rise, peat formation and woodland regeneration; and iv) the nature and organisation of the places where people lived; and to track changes over time in all of these. Material Culture and Use of Resources: In addition to fine-tuning our characterisation of material culture and resource use (and its changes over the course of the Neolithic), we need to apply a wider range of analytical approaches in order to discover more about manufacture and use.Some basic questions still need to be addressed (e.g. the chronology of felsite use in Shetland; what kind of pottery was in use, c 3000–2500, in areas where Grooved Ware was not used, etc.) and are outlined in the relevant section of the document. Our knowledge of organic artefacts is very limited, so research in waterlogged contexts is desirable. Identity, Society, Belief Systems: Basic questions about the organisation of society need to be addressed: are we dealing with communities that started out as egalitarian, but (in some regions) became socially differentiated? Can we identify acculturated indigenous people? How much mobility, and what kind of mobility, was there at different times during the Neolithic? And our chronology of certain monument types and key sites (including the Ring of Brodgar, despite its recent excavation) requires to be clarified, especially since we now know that certain types of monument (including Clava cairns) were not built during the Neolithic. The way in which certain types of site (e.g. large palisaded enclosures) were used remains to be clarified. Research and methodological issues: There is still much ignorance of the results of past and current research, so more effective means of dissemination are required. Basic inventory information (e.g. the Scottish Human Remains Database) needs to be compiled, and Canmore and museum database information needs to be updated and expanded – and, where not already available online, placed online, preferably with a Scottish Neolithic e-hub that directs the enquirer to all the available sources of information. The Historic Scotland on-line radiocarbon date inventory needs to be resurrected and kept up to date. Under-used resources, including the rich aerial photography archive in the NMRS, need to have their potential fully exploited. Multi-disciplinary, collaborative research (and the application of GIS modelling to spatial data in order to process the results) is vital if we are to escape from the current ‘silo’ approach and address key research questions from a range of perspectives; and awareness of relevant research outside Scotland is essential if we are to avoid reinventing the wheel. Our perspective needs to encompass multi-scale approaches, so that ScARF Neolithic Panel Report iv developments within Scotland can be understood at a local, regional and wider level. Most importantly, the right questions need to be framed, and the right research strategies need to be developed, in order to extract the maximum amount of information about the Scottish Neolithic.
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Diggs-McGee, Brandy, Eric Kreiger, Megan Kreiger, and Michael Case. Print time vs. elapsed time : a temporal analysis of a continuous printing operation. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41422.
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In additive construction, ambitious goals to fabricate a concrete building in less than 24 hours are attempted. In the field, this goal relies on a metric of print time to make this conclusion, which excludes rest time and delays. The task to complete a building in 24 hours was put to the test with the first attempt at a fully continuous print of a structurally reinforced additively constructed concrete (ACC) building. A time series analysis was performed during the construction of a 512 ft2 (16’x32’x9.25’) building to explore the effect of delays on the completion time. This analysis included a study of the variation in comprehensive layer print times, expected trends and forecasting for what is expected in future prints of similar types. Furthermore, the study included a determination and comparison of print time, elapsed time, and construction time, as well as a look at the effect of environmental conditions on the delay events. Upon finishing, the analysis concluded that the 3D-printed building was completed in 14-hours of print time, 31.2- hours elapsed time, a total of 5 days of construction time. This emphasizes that reports on newly 3D-printed constructions need to provide a definition of time that includes all possible duration periods to communicate realistic capabilities of this new technology.