Dissertations / Theses: 'Determinants'

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Marques, Daniel Rodrigues. "Calculation and applications of determinants." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12382.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Este trabalho trata das propriedades e aplicaÃÃes dos determinantes reconhecendo-os como uma ferramenta importante para sintetizar a representaÃÃo e o cÃlculo de algumas funÃÃes e equaÃÃes na Ãrea de geometria analÃtica e Ãlgebra linear. Nos primeiros capÃtulos apresentam-se um pouco da histÃria dos determinantes, os matemÃticos que contribuÃram na sua evoluÃÃo e a necessidade que gerou o inÃcio do seu estudo. Prossegue-se entÃo, a definiÃÃo de determinante e o cÃlculo dos determinantes a partir do teorema de Laplace via recorrÃncia, bem como o dispositivo prÃtico de Sarrus para determinante de terceira ordem. No capÃtulo seguinte, sÃo apresentadas as propriedades, num total de doze, com suas demonstraÃÃes e exemplos, pois elas serÃo utilizadas nas aplicaÃÃes dos determinantes. Logo apÃs, apresenta-se uma sÃrie de aplicaÃÃes na Ãrea de Ãlgebra linear, por exemplo: dependÃncia e independÃncia linear, matriz inversa, soluÃÃo de sistemas lineares (Regra de Cramer) e produto vetorial; alÃm de aplicaÃÃes na Ãrea de geometria analÃtica, tais como: condiÃÃo de alinhamento de trÃs pontos, Ãrea do paralelogramo e volume do paralelepÃpedo. Por fim, conclui-se que Ã fundamental o professor da segunda sÃrie do ensino mÃdio abordar em suas aulas um pouco da histÃria, chamando a atenÃÃo dos alunos para os matemÃticos que se destacaram neste estudo; expor as aplicaÃÃes dos determinantes, despertando a curiosidade de seus alunos e o interesse pela Ãrea de Ãlgebra linear ou geometria analÃtica.
This paper deals with the properties and applications of determinants recognizing them as an important tool to synthesize the representation and calculation of some functions and equations in the field of analytical geometry and linear algebra. In the first chapters we present some of the history of determinants, the mathematicians who contributed in its evolution and the need that generated the beginning of their study. Then we proceed, the definition of determining and calculating the determinants from the theorem of Laplace via recurrence as well as the handy device for determining Sarrus third order. In the next chapter, we present the properties, a total of twelve, with their statements and examples, as they will be used in applications of determinants. Soon after, it presents a number of applications in linear algebra, eg, linear dependence and independence, inverse matrix, solution of linear systems (Cramer's Rule) and cross product; addition to applications in analytical geometry, such as alignment condition of three points of the parallelogram area and volume of the parallelepiped. Finally, it is concluded that it is essential the teacher of the second grade of high school address in their classes a little history, calling students' attention to mathematicians who have excelled in this study; expose the applications of determinants, arousing the curiosity of their students and interest in the area of linear algebra and analytic geometry.

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Magalhães, Luís Emílio Nogueira Raposo de. "The determinants of regional entrepreneurship." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20803.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Esta dissertação procura analisar os fatores que contribuem para o empreendedorismo regional. Para tal, consideramos os fatores de oferta de empreendedores, os fatores de procura de empreendedores e os fatores políticos e institucionais. Os dados utilizados são provenientes do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE) e PORDATA, nos quais consideramos características económicas e demográficas de cada um dos 278 municípios de Portugal continental, durante o período de 2012-2018. Desenvolvemos três regressões multilineares para proceder à nossa análise empírica. Determinámos que regiões com maior população, composta por indivíduos jovens e com educação, e com proporções maiores de população masculina em combinação com um tecido empresarial com uma taxa mais baixa de microempresas, têm taxas de entrada de empresas maiores. Verificámos também que, municípios com taxas de derrama mais reduzidas tem tendência a ter mais atividade empreendedora. Contudo não verificámos significância estatística num conjunto de variáveis no qual se incluí a densidade populacional, ganho médio mensal, taxa de desemprego ou partido político no poder, componentes dos três vetores dos nossos modelos. Concluímos ainda que as variáveis não apresentam significância estatística ao explicar as taxas de saída de empresas apesar de sugerirem relações na mesma direção e menor magnitude em termos de impacto na variável dependente. Os resultados mantêm-se ao analisar a taxa líquida de entrada de empresas.
This study aims to analyse the factors contributing to the regional entrepreneurship. We consider the entrepreneurial supply factors, entrepreneurial demand factors and, political and policy factors in our analysis. The data used is from Statistics Portugal (INE) and PORDATA and we considered economic and demographic characteristics for all 278 Portuguese mainland counties for the 2012-2018 period. We developed a multiple linear regression analysis to perform our empirical procedures. We find that regions where the population is higher, composed by a younger and high school educated people and with greater proportions of male individuals combined with an economic frame composed by smaller proportions of micro firms, have a higher firm entry rate. We have also found that regions with a lower derrama tax rate tend to have higher entrepreneurial activity. However, we found no statistical significance on a set of variables including the population density, average monthly income, unemployment rates or even the political party in control that are components of the three vectors used in our models. We also conclude that the variables do not have statistical significance when explaining the firm exit rates, even though they suggest similar direction and lower magnitude in terms of impact on the dependent variable. The results hold when analysing the net firm entry rate.
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Horna, Leoš. "Poptávka po golfu v České republice." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150225.

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This Master's Thesis deals with the demand for golf in the Czech Republic. Its aim is to identify the main determinants of the demand for golf and their influence on the golf boom in the Czech Republic. First chapters are devoted to the theory of demand and its determinants. This is followed by a general introduction to golf, namely its brief history in the Czech Republic and the basic specification of the play. The middle part is devoted to the other side of the market, the supply. There are analyzed the status and development of golf infrastructure in terms of different types of golf courses, but also their price. The status and development of the membership of the Czech Golf Federation is analyzed after the supply. A final chapter deals with determinants of demand, whose significance is assessed on the basis of data obtained from the survey.

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Rabelo, Telma Maria Lara. "Determinantes individuais e organizacionais do intraempreendedorismo: estudo em instituição federal de ensino superior de Minas Gerais." Faculdade Novos Horizontes, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6387.

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PROQUALI (UFJF)
O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de identificar e avaliar os determinantes do intraempreendedorismo, individual e organizacional, presentes na Pró-Reitoria de Recursos Humanos (PRORH) da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), segundo a percepção de seus gestores e servidores. O referencial teórico pautou-se em características do comportamento empreendedor e características organizacionais do intraempreendedorismo, de modo geral, destacando-se as contribuições de McClelland (1987) e Hornsby, Kuratko e Zahra (2002), cujos modelos conceituais foram adotados para fins da pesquisa realizada. A pesquisa realizada adotou o estudo de caso descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa. Os dados foram tratados e analisados conforme sua natureza (análise uni e bivariada e análise de conteúdo, respectivamente). A partir dos dados coletados na primeira fase da pesquisa, pode-se constatar que o perfil dos servidores pesquisados apresenta um nível mediano de desenvolvimento das características comportamentais empreendedoras. Semelhanças positivas foram identificadas entre os dados das duas fases da pesquisa no que diz respeito às principais características empreendedoras mais e menos desenvolvidas. Quanto aos determinantes organizacionais, a média geral dos fatores estruturais organizacionais do intraempreendedorismo, segundo a percepção dos gestores e servidores foi de 2,87. Uma proximidade com o nível médio de intraempreendedorismo, contudo, ainda não se pode qualificá-lo como tal. Apuraram-se semelhanças positivas entre os dados das duas fases da pesquisa no que se refere ao fator organizacional mais e menos desenvolvido na instituição. A análise comparativa entre os dados qualitativos e os quantitativos demonstra uma consonância entre a percepção dos entrevistados e a dos respondentes dos testes. Também foram identificadas tendências de correlações entre os determinantes individuais e organizacionais do intraempreendedorismo. No que diz respeito aos desafios da atuação intraempreendedora na UFJF, os entrevistados identificaram que a implantar um sistema de recompensas/reforços, gerir por competência e trabalhar o fator motivacional dos servidores deveriam ser os principais mecanismos utilizados para incentivar os funcionários a serem mais criativos, inovadores e proativos. Os entrevistados apresentaram questões políticas, burocracia e hierarquia, ausência de uma cultura intraempreendedora e rigidez estrutural e legal como as principais barreiras impostas ao desenvolvimento da iniciativa intraempreendedora na UFJF. A pesquisa avaliou o nível dos determinantes individuais e organizacionais, permitindo ações mais efetivas com o fim de estimular o intraempreendedorismo. Diante dos resultados do estudo, sugere-se a realização de outros estudos, na mesma instituição, considerando outras pró-reitorias e em outras instituições públicas, com o objetivo de se aprofundar no fenômeno intraempreendedorismo na instituição pública.
The purpose of this paper was to identify and assess organizational and individual determinants of intra-entrepreneurship in the Rectory of Human Resources (PRORH) of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF), according to its administrators and personnel. The theoretical references were based upon the entrepreneur behavior and the organizational features of entrepreneurship, in general. There was a highlight on the contributions of McClelland (1987) and Hornsby, Kuratko & Zahra (2002), whose conceptual models were adopted for the research. It used the method of descriptive case study, with quantitative and qualitative approach. Data were dealt with and analyzed according to their nature (uni/bivaried analysis and content analysis, respectfully). From the data collected during the first phase, one could verify that the staff profile presents a medium level in the development of entrepreneurial behavior features. There were positive similarities that could be identified between data from both phases, in relation to the main entrepreneur features more and less developed. As for organizational determinants, the general average was 2.87, according to, which indicates closeness to the entrepreneurship medium level. However, it cannot be qualified as such. Also, the positive similarities between the two phases were searched in terms of the institution‟s organizational factor more and less developed. Comparative analysis of qualitative and quantitative data shows a consonance between the individuals who were interviewed and the ones who answered the tests. Furthermore, tendencies for correlations between individual and organizational determinants were detected. As for the challenges of the intra-entrepreneurial action in UFJF, interviewees showed that at implanting a system for compensations/efforts, managing through competence and dealing with the staff‟s motivational factor should be the main mechanisms towards encouraging staff to become more creative, innovative and pro-active. Interviewees indicated political issues, bureaucracy and hierarchy, lack of an intra- entrepreneurial and structural and legal rigidity, as imposed barriers for the development of intra- entrepreneurial action at UFJF. The research assessed the level of individual and organizational determinants, enabling more effective actions in order to stimulate intra-entrepreneurship. Given the results and the study limitations, a schedule was created for future research, aiming to going deeper into the issue of intra- entrepreneurship in the public institution.

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Figueira, Rafael de Loução. "Socio economic determinants of homeownership." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16462.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Esta tese estuda os fatores que influenciam a detenção de casa através de um modelo logit que prevê se um indivíduo é proprietário de uma casa ou não com base nas suas caraterísticas. Este estudo é feito com base na Wave 6 do inquérito Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Assim, através da amostra de 46 003 inquiridos de toda a Europa, foram testados os vários determinantes sugeridos pela revisão bibliográfica e comparados com a mesma. Os resultados mostram que a localização geográfica, idade, género, número de filhos, estado civil, situação laboral, renda familiar, educação superior, anos de educação, orientação política e deter obrigações, ações, fundos de investimentos, contas bancárias, contas de poupança, conta reforma individual, e seguro de vida são fatores que influenciam a detenção de casa. Destes fatores, destacam-se a localização geográfica e, inesperadamente, a orientação política do indivíduo é um determinante da detenção de casa. Posteriormente, o modelo foi aplicado a quatro amostras diferentes constituídas pelos indivíduos da Europa do norte, sul, leste e ocidental. Os resultados mostram que os determinantes não são iguais em todas as regiões, nem mesmo considerando apenas países europeus.
This thesis studies the determinants of homeownership using a logit model that predicts if an individual is homeowner or not based on their characteristics. To examine this the Wave 6 (2015) from the Survey of Health Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is used. Using a sample of 46 003 respondents across all of Europe, the various determinants suggested by the literature review were tested and the results are compared with the literature. The results show that the following factors influence homeownership: geographic location, age, gender, number of children, marital status, job situation, household income, high education, years of education, political orientation and holding bonds, stocks, mutual funds, bank accounts, saving accounts, IRA and life insurance. The main determinant to homeownership is the respondent's geographical location and unexpectedly, political orientation is a determinant of homeownership. The model was also performed in four different samples constituted each with respondents from eastern, southern, northern and western Europe. The results obtained between them and the full sample test prove that the determinants of homeownership are not the same for every region, even considering only European countries.
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Reis, Manuel Gerardo Belém Teles Roque dos. "Determinants of sovereign bond spreads in the EMU." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10639.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Uma investigação empírica é apresentada sobre os determinantes das Obrigações do Tesouro de 11 estados-membro da UEM, vis-à-vis a Alemanha. Os determinantes dizem respeito às condições de crédito, liquidez, bem como a condições internacionais, e o objectivo é compreender se a determinação do preço é sensível ao país em questão, bem como ao tempo. É uma investigação que cobre o tempo de vida do Euro, até ao fim de 2014. As análises de painel e SUR, juntamente com variáveis qualitativas, confirmam que a avaliação da dívida Europeia não foi estática ao longo do tempo e foi sensível ao país em questão. Os participantes no mercado de Obrigações estão crescentemente conscientes dos fundamentais macro-económicos e orçamentais.
An empirical investigation is presented on the determinants of 10-year Sovereign bond yield spreads of 11 EMU member states, vis-à-vis Germany. The determinants cover credit, liquidity and international conditions and the goal is to understand if the pricing is country and time ?sensitive. It spans over the lifetime of the euro, up until the end of 2014. Panel and SUR analyses coupled with qualitative variables have confirmed the pricing of European debt has not been static across time and EMU countries. Market participants are increasingly aware of macro-economic and fiscal fundamentals.

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Křivská, Romana. "Determinants of capital structure and its optimization." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2004. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76770.

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The finding of optimal debt-to-equity structure, taking into account the determinants which influence Capital Structure, is an ongoing problem in Corporate Finance. It is confirmed in theory as well as in practice in the world of Corporate Finance. There are several theoretical approaches to optimal Capital Structure, nevertheless, in practice none of these theories can be fully confirmed. The aim of the dissertation is the analysis of determinants of Capital Structure and the assessment of the application of current optimal Capital Structure theories. The significance of the individual determinants of Capital Structure is evaluated and the relationship between Leverage and certain determinants is analyzed, based on regression and correlation analysis. These tasks are based on an international point of view followed by the empirical application to mining companies in the Czech Republic and Europe. The dissertation is divided into 3 main parts which include a theoretical part, an analysis of current findings and, finally, an empirical analysis. In the theoretical part, the basic terms used in the topic of Capital Structure are defined by their different meanings in theory. These are Capital, Capital Structure and Leverage. The determinants of Capital Structure were specified with respect to the optimal Capital Structure theories, and the determination of optimal debt ratio is discussed. The analysis of current findings is focused on the empirical verification of optimal Capital Structure theories, on international examples, and on the example of the Czech Republic. Attention is dedicated to understanding the significance of determinants of Capital Structure and the determination of the relationship between Leverage and determinants of Capital Structure. A comparison of the theoretical and empirical findings is made between a group of American and European companies, and between three groups of countries (developed countries, developing countries and transition countries, including the Czech Republic). The empirical part is dedicated to the analysis of determinants of Capital Structure of mining companies in the Czech Republic and Europe. The analyzed determinants are size, profitability, tangibility of assets, and a non-debt tax shield.

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Souza, LÃvia dos Santos. "Determinants of product innovation implementation and / or process by Brazilian companies." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13061.

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nÃo hÃ
A inovaÃÃo Ã um processo dinÃmico que possibilita a implementaÃÃo de algo novo ou substancialmente aperfeiÃoado, podendo suscitar mudanÃas tanto na empresa quanto no contexto socioeconÃmico o qual estÃ inserido. Os resultados inovativos sÃo diversos, uma vez que sua prÃpria criaÃÃo pode encadear novos processos ou melhorias nos procedimentos e tÃcnicas empregados na produÃÃo ou no fornecimento de serviÃos. A proposta deste trabalho Ã analisar quais os fatores determinantes da implementaÃÃo de inovaÃÃes de produto e/ou processo pelas empresas brasileiras. Para este fim, se utilizou dados provenientes da Pesquisa de InovaÃÃo (PINTEC 2011), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (IBGE), com apoio do MCTI e FINEP. Os dados tÃm como referÃncia o total Brasil de empresas do setor industrial e de serviÃo, no perÃodo de 2009 a 2011. Com base na literatura, construiu-se um modelo economÃtrico relacionando fatores que podem influenciar o percentual de empresas que implementam inovaÃÃes. Algumas hipÃteses foram levantadas e testadas empiricamente. O modelo tem como variÃveis independentes o apoio do governo, relaÃÃes de cooperaÃÃo com outras organizaÃÃes, dispÃndio em atividades inovativas sobre a receita lÃquida de vendas, pessoas ocupadas em atividades internas de P&D com nÃvel superior e financiamento por recursos de terceiros, mensuradas proporcionalmente ao nÃmero de empresas investigadas. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a hipÃtese formulada de que o apoio do governo estÃ positivamente relacionado ao percentual de empresas brasileiras que implementam inovaÃÃes de produto e/ou processo. E, no caso de inovaÃÃo de processo, dispÃndios em atividades inovativas e qualificaÃÃo profissional tambÃm se mostraram como fatores significativos. A significÃncia global do modelo confirmou a atuaÃÃo conjunta dos fatores como determinantes da implementaÃÃo de inovaÃÃes de produtos e/ou processos novos ou substancialmente aprimorados.
Innovation is a dynamic process that enables the implementation of something new or substantially improved, changes may raise both the company and the socioeconomic context which is inserted. Innovative results are various, since his own creation can chain new processes or improvements to procedures and techniques employed in the production or supply of services. The purpose of this project is to analyze the determinants of implementation of innovations in product or process by braziliancompanies. For this purpose, used data from the Research of Innovation ( PINTEC 2011), conducted by the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstatÃstica (IBGE), with support from FINEP and MCTI. The data has reference to the total Brazil, the companies in the industrial and service sector in the period 2009-2011. Based on the literature, constructed an econometric model relating factors that can influence the percentage of companies that implement innovations. Some hypotheses were developed and tested empirically. The model has as independent variables the government's support, cooperative relationships with other organizations, expenditure on innovation activities of the sales revenue, persons employed in internal R&D with degree and funding from third resources, measured in proportion to the number companies investigated. The results confirm the hypothesis formulated that government support is positively related to the percentage of brazilian companies that implement product innovations and/or process. And in the case of process innovation, expenditure on innovation activities and professional qualification also proved to be significant factors. The global significance of the model confirmed the joint action of the factors as determinants of the implementation of product innovations and/or new or significantly improved processes.

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Moraes, Walter José Rodrigues de. "O estudo de determinantes sob a ótica do grupo de permutações." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2013. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2953.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The study of determinants development through the permutations made on their lines or columns dates back to 1812, a memory presented by Cauchy to the French Academy of Sciences. The present work is, in some way, a historical rescue. Firstly, a permutation is de ned: from a superior point of view there is a bijective application and, as such, the set of permutations has a group structure; from the elementary point of view, there is an ordainment of a group's elements. The fundamental fact is, secondly, that the de nition of determinant adjusts perfectly to both conceptions, based on the parity of the permutations. Based on the de nitions, the determinants properties are presented and, therefore, it is possible to proceed with the appropriate justi cations about their validity. A rule that associates each square matrix to a real number will de ne a real function of the variable matrix, the determinant function. This is the actual way in which determinants are presented in higher levels: the determinant is the unique alternated multilinear function of the lines (columns) of a square matrix, as indicated in [10]. By this presentation there is in mind the fact that it can be served as an inspiration to posterior studies.
O estudo sobre o desenvolvimento dos determinantes por meio das permuta ções efetuadas sobre suas linhas ou colunas remonta a 1812, com uma mem ória apresentada por Cauchy a academia de ciências da Fran ça. O presente trabalho e, em certo sentido, um resgate hist órico. Em primeiro lugar de ve-se uma permuta ção: sob um ponto de vista superior tem-se uma aplica c~ao bijetiva e, como tal, o conjunto das permuta c~oes possui uma estrutura de grupo; do ponto de vista elementar, tem-se um ordenamento de elementos de um conjunto. O fato fundamental e que, em segundo lugar, a de ni c~ao de determinante se ajusta perfeitamente as duas concep ções, tomando por base a paridade das permuta ções. Baseando nas de ni ções, as propriedades dos determinantes s~ao apresentadas e, assim, pode-se proceder com as devidas justi ficativas sobre a validade das mesmas. Uma regra que associe a cada matriz quadrada um n umero real de nir a uma fun c~ao real de vari avel matricial, a fun ção determinante. E a forma atual como os determinantes s~ao apresentados em n veis superiores: o determinante e a unica fun ção multilinear alternada das linhas (colunas) de uma matriz quadrada, conforme exibido em [10]. Com tal apresenta c~ao, tem-se em mente, o fato de poder servir de inspira c~ao em estudos posteriores.

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Batalha, Sofia Alves de Aguiar. "Determinantes da transparência municipal? Uma análise empírica do "mercado" da transparência orçamental." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8491.

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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas
A preocupação com a transparência no sector local tem crescido com a descentralização de competências para os governos locais e a independência de que estes gozam face ao governo central. As suas implicações na prestação de contas dos governos aos eleitores/contribuintes e no combate à corrupção fazem da transparência e seus determinantes um objeto de análise relevante. Em face do reduzido número de estudos na literatura, a presente dissertação visa dar um contributo nesta área ainda pouco explorada. O objetivo central consiste na identificação de impulsionadores e inibidores da transparência nos municípios portugueses, considerando que o nível de transparência é produto das características dos agentes que influenciam a sua oferta (dirigentes públicos e políticos) e procura (cidadãos). Recorrendo ao Índice de Transparência Municipal de 2013 como medida de transparência, testou-se o papel de fatores políticos, sociodemográficos, orçamentais, de situação económica, capital social e envolvimento dos cidadãos para um universo de 301 municípios portugueses. Os resultados obtidos identificam como impulsionadores da transparência o nível de instrução da população e o aumento do endividamento do município, resultado que não deixa de ser intrigante. Foi considerada significativa a dimensão do município em número de residentes, tendo-se verificado que municípios maiores tendem a ser mais transparentes revelando-se expressiva a dicotomia pequeno vs. grande município. Níveis mais elevados de despesa efetiva per capita e taxas de desemprego mais altas parecem constituir inibidores da transparência.
The concern with public transparency has increased with the decentralization of powers to local governments and their independence from central government. Transparency's role on government accountability towards its electors and taxpayers as well as on eradicating corruption makes the study of transparency and its determinants extremely relevant. Given the small number of studies addressing transparency's determinants, this dissertation aims at providing an approach to this still underexplored area. The main purpose is to identify both the drivers and inhibitors of transparency in Portuguese municipalities considering that the transparency level is a result of supply agents - (public officials and politicians) and demand agents - (citizens) features. Resorting to the Municipal Transparency Index 2013 as transparency measure, the role of political, socio-demographic, economic situation, budget, social capital and citizen engagement factors was tested across 301 municipalities. The results point to education and higher level of debt as transparency drivers, the latter being quite a puzzling outcome. It was also considered significant the number of residents as the results show that municipalities with more residents tend to be more transparent which reflects the dichotomy between small and large municipalities. The results indicate that higher levels of per capita effective expenditure as well as higher unemployment rates work as inhibitors of information disclosure by the local government.

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Kierlanczyk, Marek. "Determinants of laplacians." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87802.

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Martins, Ana Rita de Oliveira. "Conhecimentos sobre alimentação e nutrição: estudo dos seus determinantes em estudantes do ensino superior." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/10789.

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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Introdução: A literacia em saúde inclui diversas dimensões, das quais se destacam os conhecimentos sobre alimentação e nutrição. Apesar de um elevado conhecimento alimentar/nutricional, por si só, parecer não determinar mudanças positivas nas escolhas alimentares e de outros estilos de vida, pode munir os indivíduos com ferramentas que apoiem melhores escolhas para a sua saúde. Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o nível de conhecimento sobre alimentação e nutrição de estudantes do 1ºciclo de estudos da área das Ciências da Saúde, e avaliar os seus fatores associados. Metodologia: Foi conduzido um estudo observacional transversal, que incluiu estudantes do Ensino Superior da área das Ciências da Saúde, a frequentar o 1º ano do ensino regular no ano letivo de 2019/2020 (proporção de participação de 84%, entre os elegíveis). A amostra final incluiu 150 participantes (75% do sexo feminino), com uma média de idades de 20 anos (desvio-padrão (dp)=0,30 anos). Procedeu-se à aplicação de um questionário estruturado de autopreenchimento para a recolha de dados, anónimo e confidencial. Os conhecimentos sobre alimentação/nutrição foram avaliados através de uma escala previamente testada na população portuguesa (âmbito de variação: 0-100%). As variáveis categóricas foram comparadas através do teste de Qui-quadrado e as variáveis quantitativas contínuas foram descritas através da média (dp) e foram comparadas através do teste ANOVA. Resultados: A percentagem média de respostas corretas na escala de conhecimentos sobre alimentação/nutrição foi de 77,9% (dp=12,57), com um mínimo de 36% e um máximo de 100%. Embora as diferenças sejam relativamente pequenas e maioritariamente sem significado estatístico, os indivíduos com mais conhecimentos sobre alimentação e nutrição mostraram apresentar estilos de vida mais saudáveis, isto é um maior consumo de fruta e produtos hortícolas, uma prática de atividade desportiva mais regular, melhores hábitos de sono (pelo menos 8 horas diárias) e uma maior frequência de toma de suplementos vitamínicos. Ao analisarmos os fatores associados a um conhecimento em alimentação/nutrição extremo (>90% respostas corretas), verificou-se que este foi significativamente superior nos indivíduos que reportaram um consumo médio mais elevado de fruta e produtos hortícolas (4,6 vs. 3,2 porções/dia, p=0,019), particularmente de sopa, nos estudantes com mães mais escolarizadas (12,7 vs. 11,3 anos médios de escolaridade, p=0,039) e nos estudantes da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde comparativamente aos da Escola Superior de Saúde (55,0% vs. 45,0%, p=0,018). Conclusões: O nível de conhecimentos sobre alimentação e nutrição em estudantes do Ensino Superior da área das Ciências da Saúde foi relativamente elevado (78%). Os fatores que se mostraram significativamente associados a um maior conhecimento (>90% respostas corretas) foram o maior consumo de fruta e produtos hortícolas, uma maior escolaridade da mãe e a Faculdade/Escola que frequentavam.
Background: Health literacy includes several dimensions, including knowledge about food and nutrition. Although a high food/nutritional knowledge, by itself, does not seem to determine positive changes in food choices and other lifestyles, it can provide individuals with tools that support better choices for their health. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge in food and nutrition of students of the 1st cycle of studies in the area of Health Sciences, and to evaluate its associated factors. Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted, which included higher education students in the area of Health Sciences, attending the 1st year of regular education in the 2019/2020 school year (participation proportion of 84%, among eligible students). The final sample included 150 participants (75% female), with a mean age of 20 years (standard deviation (SD)=0.30 years). A structured self-completed questionnaire was applied for the collection of data, anonymous and confidential. Knowledge about food/nutrition was evaluated using a scale previously tested in the Portuguese population (range: 0-100%). Categorical variables were compared using the Chi-square test and the continuous quantitative variables were described by mean (standard deviation) and were compared using the ANOVA test. Results: The mean percentage of correct answers on the food/nutrition knowledge scale was 77.9% (SD=12.57), with a minimum of 36% and a maximum of 100%. Although the differences are relatively small and mostly without statistical significance, individuals with more knowledge about food and nutrition showed to have healthier lifestyles, such as a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, a more regular practice of sports activity, better sleep habits (at least 8 hours daily) and a higher frequency of taking vitamin supplements. When analyzing the factors associated with an extreme food/nutrition knowledge (>90% correct answers), it was found that this was significantly higher in individuals who reported a higher average consumption of fruit and vegetables (4.6 vs. 3.2 portion/day, p=0.019), particularly soup, in students with more educated mothers (12.7 vs. 11.3 average years of schooling, p=0.039) and in students of the Faculty of Health Sciences compared to those of the Higher School of Health (55.0% vs. 45.0%, p=0.018). Conclusions: The level of knowledge about food and nutrition in higher education students in the area of Health Sciences was relatively high (78%). The factors that were significantly associated with a greater knowledge (>90% correct answers) were a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables, a higher maternal education and the College/School they attended.
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Páscoa, Carla Assunção Parreira. "Adesão à terapêutica como determinante da efectividade dos cuidados de saúde : A problemática da não adesão à terapêutica em doentes submetidos a angioplastia transluminal percutânea coronária." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20840.

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A não adesão à terapêutica é determinante do aumento de taxas de morbilidade e de mortalidade dos doentes e de perturbações e gastos financeiros das organizações de saúde. O presente estudo teve como objectivo identificar determinantes de não adesão à terapêutica antiagregante plaquetária em doentes que foram submetidos a angioplastia transluminal percutânea coronária. Participaram neste estudo duas amostras de doentes com características demográficas semelhantes mas que deferiam no seu comportamento de adesão. Como metodologia para a identificação das crenças dos doentes em relação à doença ao tratamento foi utilizada um entrevista semi-estruturada baseada nas dimensões do Modelo de Crenças de Saúde. Os resultados evidenciam diferenças entre os dois grupos em especial no que diz respeito a: conhecimento da situação clínica e do tratamento; benefícios/custo do tratamento; consequências; percepção de auto-eficácia e vulnerabilidade. Baseado nos resultados apontam-se pistas de intervenção para a melhoria da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde prestados a estes doentes, numa perspectiva de governança clínica. – ABSTRACT: Non-adherence to treatment prescription is determinant of morbidity and mortality and is associated to organizational problems and financial costs. This study aimed to identify determinants of non-adherence to patients with Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty. The sample was constituted by two groups of patients with similar demographic characteristics and with different adherence behaviour. As methodology we used a semi-structured interview based on the Health Belief Model. Results show differences between the two groups in dimensions as: knowledge about the clinical situation and the treatment; benefits/costs of the treatment; consequences of adherence behaviour; self-efficacy and vulnerability: Based on the results we present some contributions to the quality of care of these patients and doing so hope to contribute to better organization in health services.

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Hospers, Lily. "The Biophysical Determinants of Thermoregulatory Sweating The Biophysical Determinants of Thermoregulatory Sweating." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21673.

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There is a traditional view that humans demonstrate a notoriously high level of inter-individual variability in sweating. A review of the literature (Chapter 1) revealed that much of the individual variability in thermoregulatory sweating can be explained by the evaporative requirement for heat balance (Ereq) and that skin temperature is considered a powerful modulator of the sweating response, yet investigations to date had only examined this effect during non-steady-state sweating. Therefore, a retrospective analysis was carried out (Chapter 2) on over 140 observations of 2-h treadmill walking, across a range different air temperatures and exercise intensities, to determine how much individual variability in whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) is described by variation in Ereq alone and to investigate whether mean skin temperature described any residual variability. Findings showed that even in situations where sweating efficiency is comprised, which is more representative of most field settings, Ereq explains much (~80%) of the individual variability in whole-body sweat rates. Additionally, despite its well-established influence on the sweating control system, skin temperature did not explain any of the residual variability in WBSR independently of Ereq. This finding in conjunction with those from the literature review suggested that the influence of skin temperature may be isolated just to the initial phase of the sweating response. To examine this theory, a laboratory-based study was conducted (Chapter 3), designed specifically to characterize the independent influence of skin temperature on thermoregulatory sweating during both steady-state and non-steady-state sweating. Results showed the large differences (4-5˚C) in skin temperature changed the physiological control system, yet no detectable differences to cumulative whole body sweat losses, even after just 45 minutes of exercise, were evident.

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Waqas, M. (Mohammad). "Determinants of audit fees :analysis of legal systems & macro-economic determinants." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2018. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201811072988.

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This research investigates the effect of macro-economic factors on audit fees in two distinctive communal arrangements which is an addition to the limited amount of literature related to this topic. Auditee and auditor characteristics related variables have been a part of several audit fee research studies unlike the macro-economic variables which are diverse in different settings, for which we wanted to test their effect on the audit remuneration. Following the footsteps of Leuz et al. (2003), investor rights, development of financial markets, concentration of ownership, legal enforcement and level of disclosure are all tested in two cross-country settings by generating one variable called cluster defining the macro-economic characteristics. Considering La Porta et al., (1998), Taylor & Simon (1999), Francis, Khurana, & Pereira (2001), Leuz at al., (2003) Vlek (2008) and Zhan (2012), we assumed that due to the aforementioned characteristics being stronger in common law countries causes the auditors to charge a higher fee. Moreover, it is also hypothesized that auditee and auditor related characteristics maintain a positive relationship when regressed with audit fees, as done in earlier studies. This research takes 2027 firm-year observations listed on both the German and UK stock exchanges from 2010–2016 (specifically those observations for which the audit fee data was represented). The outcome after truncating and conducting a regression analysis clearly showed an influence on audit fees, supporting the previous research studies that distinct common law arrangement causes an upward effect on the audit fees. Lower investor protection laws, level of disclosure, legal enforcement, less developed financial markets and higher concentration of ownership are all associated with code law setting. In addition, an interaction term was formed between leverage and size of the firm, based on an assumption that companies having a bigger brand name, more presence and a higher performance rate around the world can easily obtain financial debt, whether equity related or from banks which does not hold true, showing a negative impact on the audit fees.

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Minarini, Luciene Andrade da Rocha. "Estudo dos mecanismos de resistências às quinolonas em enterobactérias isoladas de alguns estados brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-01042009-103754/.

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Este estudo foi elaborado com o objetivo de elucidar os mecanismos de resistência às quinolonas presentes em enterobactérias isoladas de pacientes de duas regiões metropolitanas brasileiras. Foram avaliadas possíveis alterações nas proteínas relacionadas com o sítio de ação das quinolonas, bem como a presença de plasmídeos e integrons que carregam determinantes gênicos que codificam resistência às quinolonas. A associação destes com mecanismos plasmideais de resistência aos antibióticos -lactâmicos também foi analisada. Foram avaliadas 257 enterobactérias resistentes ao ácido nalidíxico isoladas de pacientes hospitalizados e da comunidade no período de 2000 a 2005. Por PCR e seqüenciamento, foram analisadas as mutações presentes nos genes cromossômicos gyrA e parC e as estruturas gênicas associadas com determinantes plasmideais de resistência às quinolonas, Qnr, e aos -lactâmicos de amplo espectro. Foram determinados os perfis plasmideais e a transferabilidade dos plasmídeos que carrearam estes determinantes. A extração e a análise das proteínas de membrana externa foi realizada para avaliar uma possível perda ou diminuição da expressão de porinas, também relacionada com os mecanismos de resistência avaliados. Todas as amostras foram resistentes ao ácido nalidíxico, apresentando concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) superior a 16 g/mL, e em média, 70% apresentaram diminuição de sensibilidade às fluoroquinolonas testadas. De 257 enterobactérias resistentes ao ácido nalidíxico, em seis enterobactérias (2,3%), incluindo 3 E. coli, 2 K. pneumoniae e 1 C. freundii foi encontrado o gene qnrB. Cinco linhagens apresentaram suas seqüências idênticas ao gene qnrB2, e uma linhagem, C. freundii JF79, apresentou uma seqüência idêntica ao gene qnrB8. Em uma linhagem de E. cloacae foi detectado o gene qnrA1 (0,37%). Os genes qnrA e qnrB apresentaram-se localizados em plasmídeos que apresentaram de 55 a 180 kilobases. A análise da estrutura gênica indicou que os genes qnrA1 e qnrB2 estavam associados com um integron classe 1 e localizados entre o elemento ISCR1 e a segunda cópia do segmento conservado 3. Na coleção bacteriana avaliada, as principais mutações observadas foram nos códons 83 e 87 em gyrA, e nos códons 80 e 84 em parC. Todas as enterobactérias que exibiram unicamente mutações no gene gyrA apresentaram CIM 16 µg/mL para o ácido nalidíxico. A diferença encontrada nos valores da CIM de fluoroquinolonas em enterobactérias que apresentaram as mesmas substituições em GyrA e ParC foi explicada pela ausência ou diminuição da expressão de porinas. Em relação à produção de -lactamase de espectro ampliado (ESBL), sua presença foi comprovada em 24 (9,3%) enterobactérias. O seqüenciamento de blaCTX-M identificou 18 determinantes: CTX-M-2 (n=13), incluindo dois novos variantes, CTX-M-8 (n=2) e CTX-M-9 (n=3) mediados por plasmídeos de 48 a 180 kilobases, não conjugativos, em maioria. O gene blaSHV-5 foi detectado em seis enterobactérias. Todos os determinantes do grupo 2 apresentaram-se associados com um elemento ISCR1, enquanto que aqueles do grupo 9 estiveram relacionados com ISEcp1. Concluindo, o principal mecanismo de resistência às quinolonas detectado foi a presença de substituições em GyrA e ParC, apesar de outros mecanismos, como a diminuição da expressão de porinas estarem envolvidos nas enterobactérias avaliadas. A associação da produção de ESBL foi significativa devido ao encontro de uma grande diversidade de genótipos circulando na comunidade, com uma predominância de enterobactérias produtoras de CTX-M. Quanto aos determinantes Qnr descritos neste estudo, que notoriamente foram os primeiros relatos no Brasil, somente dois deles apresentaram-se relacionados com a produção de ESBL.
The aim of this study was to investigate the main mechanisms of quinolone resistance among enterobacterial isolates recovered from hospitalized patients and outpatients in Brazil. The modification of the quinolone targets with changes of DNA gyrase and of topoisomerase IV genes and the presence of determinants codifying plasmid- mediated quinolone and oxymino- cephalosporins resistance were investigated. Two hundred fifty seven non-duplicate nalidixic-acid resistant enterobacterial isolates recovered from January 2000 to May 2005 were analysed. Mutations in the topoisomerases gyrA and parC genes and the genetic structures surrounding Qnr and CTX-M determinants were recognized by PCR and sequencing. Conjugation experiments were performed to determine whether the qnr- and blaCTX-M carrying plasmids were self transferable. Also, decrease in the level of porin expression related to quinolone resistance was assessed. All enterobacterial isolates were resistant to nalidixic-acid, showing minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) 16 g/mL and 70% of these isolates showed decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolone. Six qnrB-positive (2.3%) out of 257 nalidixic-acid resistant enterobacterial isolates, were identified, including 3 Escherichia coli, 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 1 Citrobacter freundii. Five isolates had an identical qnrB2 sequence and one isolate, C. freundii 79, possessed the qnrB8. A single Enterobacter cloacae carrying a plasmid encoding qnrA gene was identified (0.37%). All isolates were negative for the qnrS genes. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance ranged from 55- to 180-kb in size. Sequence analysis of the genetic structures surrounding of the qnrA and qnrB genes identified an ISCR1 element at the left-hand boundary and a partial copy of the 3-end segment of class 1 integrons. Concerning the changes of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, the most common modification in the enterobacterial isolates analyzed were present at codons 83 and 87 in GyrA and in ParC at codons 80 and 84. All isolates that exhibited mutations in gyrA gene showed nalidixic-acid MIC 16 µg/mL. The finding of different MIC values to fluoroquinolones in enterobacterial isolates with the same GyrA and ParC modification was explained by a decreasing in the level of porin expression. Regarding -lactam resistance mechanisms, twenty four (9.3%) ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates were detected. Sequencing of the CTX-M-encoding genes identified 18 determinants belonging to CTX-M-2 (n=13), CTX-M-8 (n=2) and CTX-M-9 (n=3) groups. CTX-M-2 group determinants included blaCTX-M-2 and the two novel variants. Plasmids harboring blaCTX-M genes ranged from 48- to 180- kb in size and were not transferable, in their majority. The blaSHV-5 genes were detected in all the 6 blaCTX-M negative isolates. All alleles belonging to the group 2 were associated with ISCR1 element, while all blaCTX-M-9 genes were related to ISEcp1 element. In conclusion, alterations in the targets of quinolones, GyrA and ParC was the main mechanism of quinolone resistance identified in this study, although a decreasing of the porins expression had been identified among nalidixic-acid resistant enterobacterial isolates. In the surveyed area, the prevalence of ESBL producers was important (9.3%), provided that this finding was related to a large diversity of genotypes circulating in the community, mainly CTX-M-producing isolates. This study constituted the first epidemiological survey of QnrA and QnrB determinants among Brazilian isolates. Interestingly, the qnrB2 gene was identified in non ESBL producers isolates and qnrS genes were not found.

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Almeida, António Miguel Fernando Fernandes Lopes de. "Comportamento sazonal do mercado turístico: O caso do Minho." Doctoral thesis, Universidadde Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1296.

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Tese apresentada à Universidade de Aveiro para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Turismo.
O presente trabalho de investigação estuda o fenómeno da sazonalidade no mercado turístico. A perspetiva adotada é a da procura, com enquadramento nas áreas de pesquisa do comportamento do consumidor e do lazer, ambas com foco nas perceções dos turistas que visitam a região do Minho situada no Noroeste de Portugal. A revisão da literatura permite uma compreensão sobre os determinantes da procura turística, os conceitos e estruturas do comportamento de consumo turístico, e os conceitos do lazer, com particular enfase para os determinantes (inibidores/ facilitadores) que intervêm nos processos de consumo. A revisão bibliográfica sobre a sazonalidade no turismo inclui definições, conceitos, formas de medição, a avaliação das consequências e, sobretudo, a natureza das suas causas. Com base neste processo de revisão são formuladas hipóteses de pesquisa, que se testam na parte empírica da investigação. A análise incide nos dados obtidos num inquérito aos turistas, realizado ao longo das três épocas turísticas (alta, média e baixa) na região do Minho. O estudo proporcionou 942 respostas válidas, com informação sobre o comportamento de férias dos turistas, as suas motivações e perceções sobre o destino, e uma avaliação da importância dos determinantes do comportamento de consumo turístico a nível sazonal. O destino turístico de realização do estudo é descrito sob diversos pontos de vista, com particular enfase na estrutura da procura, e no padrão de sazonalidade que o carateriza. O debate sobre as causas da sazonalidade no destino faz-se ao nível dos aspetos comportamentais, com base teórica no modelo não-hierárquico dos inibidores ao lazer, aplicado ao estudo da sazonalidade. O comportamento sazonal do turista é estruturado com base nas suas preferências e decisões sazonais de consumo, por sua vez influenciadas por um conjunto de componentes que encontram correspondência nas classes de causas naturais, institucionais, e psicossociais da sazonalidade. As componentes são agrupadas em duas classes - antecedentes e estruturais, e identificadas através da análise fatorial em componentes principais. As suas relações com as preferências e decisões são testadas através da aplicação do modelo de regressão ordinal. Complementarmente, estudam-se as diferenças entre as três épocas turísticas ao nível do perfil sociodemográfico dos turistas, das motivações de visita ao destino, e da importância atribuída aos determinantes do comportamento sazonal. Os segmentos sazonais de procura identificados nesta parte da investigação são identificados como potenciais alvos das estratégias e medidas de gestão da sazonalidade no destino. A partir da integração dos resultados da pesquisa sugerem-se determinadas implicações para a gestão da sazonalidade, que se complementam com um conjunto de pistas para futuros trabalhos nesta área.
The current research focuses on seasonal variation in tourism market through a demand and seasonal behavior consumption perspective. The theoretical approach relies on consumption behavior and leisure areas of study, both of which analyze the perception tourists have while visiting Minho region situated on the northwest of Portugal. Literature reviewing enables the understanding of base determinants of touristic demand, the concepts and key structures of consumption behavior, as well as theories of leisure with particular emphasis on the determinants (inhibitors and facilitators) that influence the processes of consumption. This approach to seasonality in tourism implies pinpointing definitions and concepts, measuring strategies, evaluating consequences and, above all, analyzing the nature of its causes. Based on this debate, search hypotheses will be formulated and subsequently tested throughout the empirical part of this study. The analysis will use data obtained from enquiries to tourists held during different periods in Minho region. The investigation led to 942 valid answers that contain sociodemographic information, data about tourist behavior on holidays, their motivation and perception of the destination and the evaluation of aspects that may condition seasonal consumption behaviors. The implementation of this study is analyzed through several perspectives, with particular emphasis on the structure of tourist demand and the seasonal pattern that is inherent to it. Identifying the causes of a certain seasonal pattern implies bearing in mind behavioral aspects theoretically grounded on the non-hierarchical model of leisure inhibitors applied to seasonality studies. The seasonal consumption behavior is the result of seasonal consumption preferences and decisions, influenced by certain factors that are closely related to the natural, institutional, psychosocial causes of seasonality. According to support theory, these factors can be divided into two different categories – prior to and structural – and are identified through a factor analysis of the main components. Their connection to seasonal consumption preferences and decisions are presented bearing in mind the results of the application of the ordinal regression model. Additionally, differences in terms of touristic seasons, particularly, tourist sociodemographic characteristics, as well as their motivation and perception of the destination, are analyzed. The demand segments identified in this part are considered potential targets of strategies and management models of seasonality in Minho region. From the overall research results some suggestions will be made concerning seasonal pattern management, accompanied by other suggestions related to future research in this area.
Orientação: Professora Doutora Elisabeth Kastenholz.

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Galinha, Liliana Isabel Bernardo. "Determinantes da estrutura de capitais do sector bancário português." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/18632.

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Este estudo tem como objectivo analisar quais os factores que determinam a estrutura de capitais do sector bancário Português. Com o intuito de atingir o objectivo e assumindo a existência de uma estrutura óptima de capitais, recorrer-se-á ao modelo de regressão linear múltipla para verificar a aderência do processo de decisão às teorias acerca da estrutura de capitais, bem como quais dos factores analisados a afectarão significativamente. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a rendibilidade, a dimensão, o risco e a tangibilidade são os principais determinantes da estrutura de capitais do sector bancário português. ABSTRACT: The main aim for this study is to verify which determinants influence the Portuguese bank's capital structure. ln order to achieve the above mentioned aim and assuming an optimal capital structure, we will apply a multiple linear regression model with the purpose of proving the capital structure theories existence and to observe which determinants influence it. The obtained results mention that profitability, size, risk and tangibility are the principal determinants of Portuguese bank's capital structure.

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Blanco-Perez, Cristina. "Socioeconomic Determinants of Health." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/113489.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral consisteix en tres articles que analitzen l’efecte de les variables socioeconòmiques en el nivell de salut dels individus. El primer article estudia per primera vegada l’efecte de la polarització de la renda en el nivell de salut dels individus. Aquest treball proposa que la polarització de la renda capta millor alguns dels mecanismes que relacionen la salut i les diferències en renda, com ara la tensió i el conﬂicte social. Aquests han estat tradicionalment associats a la desigualtat de la renda. Aquesta hipòtesi s’ha testat utilitzant dades de panell per a Espanya. Els principals resultats mostren que la polarització de la renda té un efecte negatiu sobre la salut dels individus. En aquest estudi s’ha considerat no només la polarització entre regions, si no també entre grups de referència, és a dir, que els individus no només es comparen amb altres individus de la mateixa regió, sino també amb individus amb característiques similars. En aquest cas la polarització de la renda només és rellevant quan es considera el grup de referència. Aquests resultats q¨uestionen el què tradicionalment s’ha assumit en la literatura prèvia, on la regió és determinant per a establir grups de referència. El segon article es centra en la relació existent entre la renda relativa i la salut. Tradicionalment les comparacions de la renda entre individus s’han considerat determinants per al nivell de salut individual. Tot i així, els estudis previs s’han basat principalment en les comparacions de la renda “cap amunt”, sense tenir en compte les comparacions amb els individus més pobres. En aquest treball s’utilitza una deﬁnició de renda relativa més àmplia per a testar simultàniament l’efecte de les comparacions de la renda “cap a munt” i “cap avall” en la salut dels individus. Aquestes comparacions s’han calculat a través d’un índex de privació i de satisfacció respectivament. L’estudi es basa en les dades del German Socio-Economic Panel data (SOEP) i s’han utilitzat models de dades de panell per a corregir la possible endogeneitat de la renda deguda a variables omeses. Els resultats mostren que la privació de la renda té un efecte positiu, mentre que l’índex de satisfacció té un efecte negatiu sobre el nivell de salut. Aquests resultats són robustos inclús corregint per l’heterogeneïtat no observada i utilitzant mesures de salut “quasi-objectives”. Finalment, el tercer article estudia el poder explicatiu de l’“state depen-dence” en el nivell de salut auto-percebuda per a Espanya durant els anys 1994-2001. Amb aquest objectiu en ment s’han estimat una sèrie de models economètrics, incloent el model de selecció de Heckman on la condició inicial s’ha estimat per primera vegada utilitzant un ordered probit. Els resultats sug-gereixen que l’“state dependence” i la heterogeneïtat no observada expliquen la major part de la probabilitat de presentar un determinat nivell de salut. Al considerar els dos factors anteriors la signiﬁcativitat de l’heterogeneïtat obser¬vada mesurada a través de les variables socioeconòmiques disminueix. Tot i així, l’“state dependence” perd importància una vegada es millora l’estructura de l’error de les estimacions.
The core of this dissertation consists of three essays that contribute to the understanding of the eect of socioeconomic variables on individual’s health. The rst essay examines the eect of income polarisation on individual health. I argue that polarisation captures much better the social tension and conict that underlie some of the pathways linking income disparities and indi- vidual health, and which have been traditionally proxied by inequality. These premises are tested with panel data for Spain. The main ndings show that polarisation has a detrimental eect on health. Besides dening polarisation between regions, the paper introduces polarisation between reference groups. That is, the relevant comparison group may not be the region but individuals with similar characteristics. In this case polarisation is only relevant between reference groups and not between regions. Thus, these results challenge what has been traditionally assumed in the literature, i.e. that it is regions that matters. The second essay focus on the association between relative income and health. Income comparisons have been found to be important for individual health. However, the literature has so far looked solely at upward compari- sons, disregarding the eects of comparisons with worse-o individuals. In this paper, I use a broad denition of relative income to test simultaneously for the eect of \upward” and \downward” income comparisons on health. Relative deprivation and relative satisfaction indexes are used to summarise upward and downward comparisons. Panel data models are used to correct for income en- dogeneity bias due to omitted variables. Using German Socio-Economic Panel data (SOEP), results show that relative deprivation has a positive eect, while relative satisfaction has a deleterious impact on health. These ndings hold after correcting for unobserved heterogeneity and are robust to using quasi- objective health measures. Finally, the last essay studies the importance of the contribution of state dependence to the explanation of self-assessed health dynamics in Spain for 1994-2001. With this objective in mind, a series of econometric models are estimated including a new proposal for a Heckman selection model with an initial conditions equation run as an ordered probit. Evidence suggests that state dependence and unobserved heterogeneity account for much of the prob- ability of reporting a specic health status while the signicance of observed heterogeneity measured by socioeconomic variables vanishes when controlling for both. Only gender, education and labour status seem to be relevant in explaining health status. However, state dependence looses importance once the error structure of the estimations is improved.

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Schäfer, Thomas. "Determinants of Music Preference." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200900277.

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Musik begleitet uns seit vielen Jahrtausenden und ist ein Teil der menschlichen Entwicklungsgeschichte. Mehr über den Ursprung und die Bedeutung von Musik zu wissen bedeutet mehr über uns selbst zu wissen. Die meisten Menschen mögen Musik und für viele ist es eine der wichtigsten Freizeitbeschäftigungen in ihrem Leben. Doch unterschiedliche Menschen mögen unterschiedliche Musik, und die Bindung an Musik kann stark oder schwach sein. Dieses als Musikpräferenz bezeichnete Phänomen hat in der Vergangenheit zahlreiche Studien innerhalb der Musikpsychologie angeregt, die eine Fülle von Variablen untersucht haben, welche das Zustandekommen unterschiedlicher musikalischer Vorlieben erklären helfen. Diese Forschungsergebnisse sind jedoch bis heute lückenhaft und konnten bisher nicht in ein allgemeines Modell über die Entstehung von Musikpräferenz integriert werden. Die bereits existierenden Vorschläge für solch ein Modell beschränken sich auf konkrete Gefallensurteile für ein gegebenes Musikstück. Sie erklären jedoch nicht, warum sich Menschen überhaupt entschließen Musik zu hören und nach welchen Kriterien sie diese Musik aussuchen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung derjenigen Faktoren, welche die Motivation Musik zu hören und den Auswahlprozess von Musik aus verschiedenen musikalischen Stilen (Genres, Musikrichtungen) erklären können. Als entscheidend werden dabei die Funktionen von Musik erachtet, die in den bisherigen Modellen fast vollständig vernachlässigt wurden. Die Funktionalität – also der Nutzen – von Musik kann darüber Auskunft geben, welche (evolutionären) Vorteile sie für den Menschen hatte und wie sich diese Vorteile bis heute nutzen lassen um bestimmte Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen. Damit kann nicht nur die Frage beantwortet werden, warum jemand Musik hören möchte, sondern auch die Frage, warum jemand einen bestimmten Musikstil bevorzugt – denn Musik verschiedener Stilrichtungen kann für eine Person mit ganz unterschiedlichen Funktionen assoziiert sein. Wie die einzelnen Funktionen von Musik mit Musikpräferenz in Zusammenhang stehen und welche Funktionen eine entscheidende Rolle für die Entwicklung von Musikpräferenz spielen, ist das zentrale Thema dieser. In einem ersten Schritt wurde versucht die Liste der Faktoren, welche Musikpräferenz kausal beeinflussen, zu vervollständigen: Bisher ist bekannt, dass Musikpräferenz mit kognitiven, emotionalen, physiologischen, sozialen, entwicklungsbezogenen und persönlichkeitsbezogenen Variablen zusammenhängt. Von den physiologischen Variablen weiß man jedoch noch nicht, ob sie stets nur ein Effekt des Musikhörens sind oder ob sie auch ursächlich auf Musikpräferenz wirken können. In zwei Studien wurde gezeigt, dass das Hören von Lieblingsmusik mit erhöhter Erregung einhergeht und dass erhöhte Erregung umgekehrt Musikpräferenz verstärken kann. In zwei weiteren Studien über die Funktionen von Lieblingsmusik zeigte sich, dass Musik vor allem zur Stimmungs‐ und Erregungsmodulation eingesetzt werden kann. Es zeigte sich aber auch, dass diese am höchsten bewerteten Funktionen nicht gleichzeitig diejenigen sind, die für eine starke Präferenz für die eigene Lieblingsmusik verantwortlich sind. Stattdessen spielen für eine starke Präferenz eher soziale und kommunikative Funktionen eine große Rolle (z.B. die Möglichkeit mit Musik die eigene Identität auszudrücken). Die beiden abschließenden Studien zeigten, dass für Musikpräferenz generell – also über verschiedene Musikstile hinweg – kognitive Funktionen (wie Kommunikation oder Selbstreflexion) sowie physiologische Erregung die größte Rolle spielen, während emotionale Faktoren und die Bekanntheit der Musik keinen besonders großen Einfluss haben. Am Ende der Arbeit wird für eine Integration der gefundenen Ergebnisse in die bereits bestehenden Modelle über die Entwicklung von Musikpräferenz argumentiert, mit dem Ziel dieses Phänomen umfassend zu verstehen und die Befunde für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung in Bildung oder Therapie nutzen zu können
More than 2500 years ago, the Greek philosopher Pythagoras explored the sound of swinging chords and made an intriguing discovery: the simultaneous tones of chords that are divided in their length in integer ratios produced a sound which people perceive as harmonic. Pythagoras was able to describe a subjective phenomenon of the human mind by means of simple mathematical ratios. With this principle he formulated the program of natural science, and it is still the way how scientists try to explain the human mind in terms of mathematical principles and laws. In fact, one of the youngest disciplines in modern sciences – the psychology of music – is tied to the ancient findings of Pythagoras and investigates human perception, cognition, emotion, and behavior related to music. There are three ways how people relate to music. They can create music as a composer, they can perform music by means of their voice or an instrument, and they can listen to music. Although all three aspects are interesting, the work in hand will concentrate on music listening because it is the most ubiquitous activity which concerns every single individual. Music psychology is related to music listening in several respects which will accompany the whole work: Why do we listen to music at all? What kind of music do we listen to and why? How strong is our relation to specific music and why? These fundamental questions guided the present research and root in evolutionary considerations about music listening and end up at the concrete use of music in people’s everyday life. The central issue which is surrounded by these questions is referred to as music preference. ‘Which music do you like?’ has become one of the most often used questions in psychological research, for two reasons: First, since every person (at least in the western world) is in contact with music everyday and most people see music as one of the most important things in their daily life, the study of music listening provides an authentic and fruitful avenue to their experiences and behavior in a variety of situations and contexts. Second, because music has been recognized as a tool for expressing and inducing moods and emotions and also as a means to convey information in social environments, music is by now often used as an essential implement in personality, emotion, and social psychology research. Thus, research on music preference is going on to provide us with deep insights into many psychological questions. The dissertation addresses the investigation of music preference in a series of experimental studies. Chapter 1 provides an introduction in theory and research about music preference and points at open questions which appear in both content and methodology of the current research. Chapters 2 to 4 present three empirical papers which addressed these open questions in a total of six studies. Chapter 5 summarizes the findings of these studies and provides some preliminary suggestions about a comprehensive model of music preference

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Dreber, Almenberg Anna. "Determinants of economic preferences." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-430.

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Beg, Sarena. "The determinants of velocity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20781.pdf.

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López, León Sandra. "Genetic Determinants of Depression." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/12896.

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Harry, Ethan. "Determinants of Caloric Intake." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/485.

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In the summer of 2003, David Cutler, Edward Glaeser, and Jesse Shapiro published the paper, “Why Have Americans Become More Obese?”1 In the paper, the authors explore changing trends in American weight and caloric intake over time and hypothesize as to the potential causes of these changes. In performing our tests, we hope to both replicate their results and update any analysis for the present.

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Badinger, Harald, and Wolf Heinrich Reuter. "Determinants of fiscal rules." Taylor & Francis, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5478/1/Manuscript.pdf.

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This paper empirically assesses determinants of countries' fiscal rules suggested by the political science, sociology, and economics literature. We find several of these variables to be related to the stringency of fiscal rules, providing indirect evidence for the relevance of governments' deficit bias. These determinants may also serve as instruments in models with (endogenous) fiscal rules as explanatory variable.

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Friedlander, Leonid. "Determinants of elliptic operators." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65015.

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Kelly, Ryan L. (Ryan Lewis). "Determinants of antibody specificity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112506.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-146).
High throughput screening methods such as yeast surface display (YSD) are frequently able to isolate high affinity antibodies against clinical targets; however, the success of these candidates depends on selecting for both on-target binding and desirable biophysical characteristics. Development liabilities, including antibody aggregation and nonspecificity, can lead to problems during production and poor pharmacokinetics (PK). The exact structural and sequence determinants causing this poor developability are unknown, which leads to inexact methods to correct otherwise promising clinical candidates. In this thesis we outline the development of high throughput methods to interrogate developability of candidate antibodies on the surface of yeast and apply these methods to both determine the causes of nonspecificity and create new libraries with improved biophysical properties. We first analyzed methods for early stage assessment of monoclonal antibodies, finding a polyspecificity reagent (PSR) binding assay on the surface of yeast which can accurately predict antibody clearance rates in mice. While robust, this assay relies on production of a poorly defined mixture of protein components, and thus, we next looked at potential alternatives to a multicomponent PSR reagent. We found that chaperone proteins may work as well-defined, easily producible reagents with similar broad predictive power to predict downstream antibody behavior. Next, we applied these assays to assess core determinants of nonspecificity. We first analyzed a case study of two antibodies with identical target antigens but vastly different performance on preclinical assessments of biophysical characteristics. Through this matched case, we found differences in clearance rates can be driven wholly by variable-region mediated effects independent of neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binding. Focused on the antibody variable region, we next utilized our nonspecificity assay as a sorting tool to look at a naive repertoire library. We found significant nonspecificity in the VH6 class of antibodies, driven by a poorly behaved complementarity determining region (CDR) H2 sequence. Subsequently, we applied a similar sorting technique to two synthetic library designs to identify a set of motifs that can drive nonspecificity. These included motifs containing tryptophan, valine, glycine and arginine located in CDR H3. We then applied these discoveries to the design of a new, semi-synthetic single chain variable fragment (scFv) library and demonstrated its ability to isolate high affinity, highly specific candidate clones against a panel of antigens. Finally, we explored the use of an alternate yeast display system capable of easily switching between scFv-Fc display and secretion, which may aid in the rapid development and testing of candidate antibodies. Taken in whole, the work in this thesis aids the clinical development of antibodies. We have presented both methods to assess nonspecificity at an early stage in the development process as well as a set of motifs to be eliminated in future library designs. With these combined findings, we hope to increase the utilization of in vitro screening methods such as yeast display for the isolation of clinical candidate antibodies with favorable biophysical characteristics.
by Ryan L. Kelly.
Ph. D.

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Dubuc, Séverine. "Determinants of capacious memory." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUEL516.

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Sous certaines conditions, les participants sont capables de reconnaître un grand nombre d'informations visuelles et montrent des capacités mnésiques quasi-parfaites. Ce travail étudie des situations qui correspondent à l'habileté de mémoriser de manière précise un grand nombre d'informations. Nous avons qualifié ce phénomène de " capacious memory " (Dubuc, Karlsson, & Lalonde, 2004). D'un point de vue théorique, nous avons défini ce phénomène mnésique comme suit, " capacious memory " (CM) implique : la rétention d'un nombre illimité d'informations, le rappel de détails d'événements passés, ou encore, la récupération d'éléments que les participants non pas imaginés et sans aucun entraînement spécial (i. E. , utilisation de stratégies mnésiques). De ce point de vue, la " capacious memory " apparait comme un phénomène " normal ". Or, même si certains aspects d'une mémoire très performante sont documentés dans la littérature, une approche commune semble manquée
This work studies situations that correspond to the ability to accurately memorize a large amount of information. We name this phenomenon capacious memory. Even if highly accurate memory aspects have been documented in memory literature, a common approach is obviously missing. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to give an overview of capacious memory and to intensify the study of such memory phenomena. In a first part, we examine how capacious memory can be related to central ideas in psychology. Then, we investigate the effects of classical variables, like use of delay, type of task, aging and amnesia. We stressed the general circumstances under which capacious memory could be delimited. Furthermore, we put our interest on memory processes that could support it. We present data which indicate that capacious memory is related to familiarity, it is also important to elucidate how in normal aging and patients with neuropsychological impairment work out. Thus, we carry out studies where we examine performance for healthy young and older patients and memory impaired patients. These last studies are particularly important

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Hori, Katsuhiko. "Determinants of Economic Growth." Kyoto University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/124105.

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Wood, David L. "Social Determinants of Health." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5168.

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Hipólito, Marta das Neves Ramos. "The determinants of corporate capital structure : evidence from Portuguese companies, 1984-1988." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10790.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O propósito desta tese é analisar a estrutura de capital de empresas portuguesas cotadas em bolsa, focando na relação entre o nível de endividamento e os factores determinantes considerados mais relevantes na literatura financeira. A amostra utilizada neste estudo empírico é composta por 87 empresas cotadas, tendo sido recolhida informação contabilística referente ao período de 1984 a 1988. Com base numa análise de dados em painel, os resultados obtidos sugerem que a dimensão e a estrutura do activo são factores determinantes do endividamento. Os resultados contribuem para complementar a informação disponibilizada em estudos existentes, e para providenciar um conhecimento mais profundo acerca das decisões que as empresas tomam para a sua estrutura de capitais.
This dissertation aims to analyze the capital structure of Portuguese listed companies on the stock market, focusing on the relationship between the level of debt and its most relevant determinant factors considered in financial literature. The sample used in this empirical study consists of 87 listed companies and accounting information has been collected for the period 1984-1988. Using a panel data approach, we found that size and asset tangibility are determinant factors of the debt level. The results contribute to fill a gap on Portuguese history, helping to complement existing studies and to provide a deeper understanding of the companies? decisions about their capital structure.

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Rodríguez, Vicente Àgueda. "Nivells de vitamina D en gestants del nostre medi: principals factors determinants i resultats perinatals." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/400222.

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INTRODUCCIÓ: La deficiència de vitamina D és un problema de salut pública a nivellmundial amb importants conseqüències clíniques potencials. Tot i això, la majoria de països encara no disposen de dades a nivell poblacional, sobretot en referència a població gestant. OBJECTIUS: els objectius principals de l’estudi són 1) determinar la prevalença de ladeficiència de vitamina D en dones embarassades participants d’una cohort prospectiva al naixement; 2) identificar els principals determinants dels nivells de vitamina D en dones gestants; i 3) analitzar si la deficiència de vitamina D té relacióamb resultats perinatals adversos. METODOLOGIA: estudi prospectiu de cohorts que forma part del projecte INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA), basat en cohorts de naixement (parelles mare-fill),provinents de diferents àrees geogràfiques de l’estat espanyol. Es va determinar la 25hidroxivitamina D3 (25(OH)D3) durant l’embaràs (mitjana 13.3 setmanes, DE:1.5) a un total de 2358 dones procedents de València, Sabadell, Astúries i Guipukzoa. Es va realitzar un anàlisi uni i multivariant per tal d’identificar els principals factors predictors de la concentració de 25(OH)D3 i de la deficiència (<20ng/ml) i insuficiència(20-29.9ng/ml) de vitamina D, així com per avaluar la possible associació entre els nivells de vitamina D i l’aparició de diabetis gestacional, part preterme, cesària i alteracions del creixement fetal.RESULTATS: el 31% i el 18% de les gestants van presentar insuficiència i deficiència de vitamina D, respectivament. L’estació de l’any, la latitud, l’edat, la classe social, eltabaquisme durant l’embaràs, l’activitat física i l’ús de suplements de vitamina D van ser identificats com a factors determinants independents dels nivells de vitamina D. El risc baix de deficiència i insuficiència de vitamina D es va associar amb: estació de l’any (RR insuficiència= 0.34, 95% CI 0.25, 0.48; RR deficiència = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04, 0.12),latitud baixa (RR insuficiència=0.71, 95% CI 0.50, 1.02; RR deficiència = 0.60, 95% CI0.38, 0.94), ús de suplements (RR insuficiència = 0.50, 95% CI 0.35, 0.71; RR deficiència= 0.24, 95% CI 0.14, 0.41) i activitat física intensa (RR insuficiència = 0.80, 95% CI 0.58, 1.09; RR deficiència = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46, 1.03). El risc augmentat de deficiència de vitamina D es va relacionar amb: classe social baixa (RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.19, 3.16) itabaquisme (RR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.23, 2.54). Pel que fa als resultats perinatals, no es va trobar cap associació entre la concentració de 25(OH)D3 i la diabetis gestacional nipart preterme. Les gestants amb nivells òptims de vitamina D (>30ng/ml) van presentar una disminució del risc de cesària per fracàs en la progressió del part (part estacionat, desproporció pèlvico-fetal i inducció fallida), amb RR= 0.60, 95% CI 0.37, 0.97. En els fills de mares amb nivells més elevats de 25(OH)D3 es va observar una tendència a presentar una circumferència cefàlica menor, amb un coeficient (DE)estimat pel doble de la concentració de 25(OH)D3 de -0.10 (0.05) cm, p=0.038. No es van trobar associacions significatives amb la resta de mesures antropomètriques. CONCLUSIONS: la deficiència i insuficiència de vitamina D té una prevalença elevada en gestants del nostre àmbit. Tot i que no s'ha trobat associació entre els nivells de vitamina D i la diabetis gestacional, el part preterme o les alteracions de creixement fetal, sí que els resultats obtinguts suggereixen que nivells adequats de vitamina D durant la gestació podrien reduir el risc de cesària per obstrucció en el treball de part. Es podrien proposar una sèrie de recomanacions en dones gestants per tal d’intentar augmentar els nivells de vitamina D durant l’embaràs i reduir els potencials efectes adversos sobre la salut materno-fetal derivats del seu dèficit.
INTRODUCTION: vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern in terms of potential clinical effects. However, there is little population-based data available to quantify the degree of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in pregnant women in most countries. OBJECTIVES: the main objectives of the study are 1) to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women of a prospective birth cohort; 2)to identifythe main determinants of vitamin D levels in pregnant women; and 3) to examine whether vitamin D deficiency is related to adverse perinatal outcomes . METHODS: prospective cohort study included in the INMA – INfancia y MedioAmbiente (Environment and Childhood) Project, a prospective population-based birth cohort study conducted in four geographical areas of Spain (Valencia, Sabadell,Asturias and Gipukzoa). Maternal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3)concentration was measured in 2358 women during pregnancy (mean [SD] 13.5 [2.2]weeks of gestation). Uni-and multivariable regression models were conducted to identify predictors of circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration and vitamin D insufficiency (20–29.9 ng/mL) and deficiency (<20 ng/mL), and to test associations ofmaternal 25(OH)D3 concentration with gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, caesarean section, fetal growth restriction, small-for-gestational age and anthropometric birth outcomes RESULTATS: 31% and 18% of women had vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. Season at blood collection, latitude, age, social class, tobacco smoking, physical activity and use of vitamin D supplements were identified as independent determinants of 25(OH)D3 concentration. Lower risk of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency was associated with summer season at blood collection (RR for insufficiency = 0.34, confidence intervals (CI) 0.25, 0.48; and RR for deficiency = 0.07, 95% CI 0.04, 0.12); southern latitude (RR for insufficiency = 0.71, 95% CI 0.50, 1.02; RR for deficiency = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38, 0.94); use of vitamin D supplements (RR for insufficiency = 0.50, 95% CI 0.35, 0.71; RR for deficiency = 0.24, 95% CI 0.14, 0.41); and strong physical activity (RR for insufficiency = 0.80, 95% CI 0.58, 1.09; and RR for deficiency = 0.67, 95% CI 0.46, 1.03). Higher risk of vitamin D deficiency was related to lower social class (RR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.19, 3.16) and smoking (RR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.23, 2.54). Regarding perinatal outcomes, there was no association between maternal25(OH)D3 concentration and risk of gestational diabetes or preterm delivery. Women with sufficient vitamin D [25 (OH)D3 ≥ 30 ng/ml] had a decreased risk of caesarean section by obstructed labour compared with women with vitamin D deficiency (relative risk (RR) = 0.60, 95% CI 0.37, 0.97). Offspring of mothers with higher circulating 25(OH)D3 concentration tended to have smaller HC [coefficient (SE) per doubling concentration of 25(OH)D3, !0.10 (0.05), P = 0.038]. No significant associations were found for other birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are highly prevalent inpregnancy. Although no association was found between vitamin D status in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, small-forgestational age and anthropometric birth outcomes, results suggest that sufficient circulating vitamin D concentration in pregnancy may reduce the risk of caesarean section by obstructed labour. Recommendations to detect and prevent hypovitaminosis D during pregnancy should be developed taking into account the associated factors.

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Almeida, Alexandre Nunes de. "Determinantes do consumo de famílias com idosos e sem idosos com base na pesquisa de orçamentos familiares de 1995/96." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-08012003-081045/.

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Com o aumento no número de pessoas idosas devido ao aumento da expectativa de vida e diminuição das taxas de natalidade, esse trabalho partiu da hipótese de que o idoso, além de apresentar uma forte demanda por cuidados médicos, também têm uma demanda crescente por outros tipos de bens e serviços, como, por exemplo, cosméticos e viagens. Ademais, a importância desse grupo, com sua renda mais estável oriunda dos benefícios da seguridade social e uso de ativos ou bens acumulados, altera de forma significativa a estrutura de consumo da família na qual pertence, criando uma forte relação de interdependência com os filhos e netos. O objetivo principal do presente trabalho foi analisar, através de alguns determinantes sócio-econômicos, o comportamento de consumo das famílias com idosos chefes e famílias que não apresentavam nenhum indivíduo com mais de 60 anos, nas principais áreas metropolitanas brasileiras, Distrito Federal e Goiânia. A base de dados utilizada corresponde a Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares 1995/96 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Inicialmente, na revisão de literatura, foram mencionados os principais aspectos demográficos que estão causando o envelhecimento populacional, assim como a importância do idoso na família e algumas considerações sobre as políticas previdenciárias que melhoram a vida dessas pessoas e de seus dependentes. Através da análise de estatística descritiva dos dados, observou-se que a aposentadoria representa a maior parte dos rendimentos dos idosos. No entanto, também existem parcelas significativas da renda que são provenientes do trabalho na condição de empregado e de conta-própria. Constatou-se que os dispêndios com medicamentos, serviços de saúde, despesas pessoais, roupas, alimentação fora de casa, comunicação e transporte, ocupam parcelas substanciais no consumo individual dos idosos e de suas famílias. Observou-se também que a renda mensal per capita de famílias que possuem idosos chefe é de aproximadamente 200 reais a mais do que de famílias que não possuem idoso. Posteriormente, utilizando o modelo lógite, foi possível mostrar que as variáveis: renda per capita familiar, idade, chefe que trabalha, escolaridade do chefe e localização geográfica da família, explicaram satisfatoriamente a probabilidade de consumir das famílias com idosos e famílias sem idosos, para os seguintes agregados de consumo: produtos farmacêuticos, serviços de assistência à saúde, despesas pessoais, fumo e seus derivados, roupas, viagens, lazer, comunicação e transporte. Entre os resultados mais importantes pode-se constatar que: a medida que os indivíduos envelhecem aumenta a demanda por com cuidados médicos; não existem diferenças significativas de consumo entre os chefes idosos e não-idosos que trabalham; quanto maior a escolaridade dos chefes idosos e não-idosos maior é a probabi lidade de consumo da maioria dos bens e serviços analisados; as famílias idosas e não-idosas residentes na área metropolitana de São Paulo apresentam menor probabilidade de dispender com bens e serviços de saúde e maior probabilidade de dispender com comunicação e transporte, com relação as outras áreas de pesquisa da POF.
As the number of elderly people increase, mainly due to life expectancy increases and birthrate decreases, this study supports the hypothesis that the elderly, besides showing a high demand for medical care, also presents an increasing demand for other types of goods and services, such as, cosmetics and travel. Besides, the importance of this group, with a more stable income deriving from pensions of social security and the use of assets or accumulated goods, alters significantly the family consumption structure to which they belong, generating a strong relation of interdependence with their sons and grandchildren. The main goal of this study was to analyze, through some social-economic determinants, the family consumption behavior of families having elderly as the head of the family and families which showed no individual over 60 years old, in the most important metropolitan Brazilian cities, Federal District and Goiânia. The used database corresponds to the Household Budget Survey 1995/96 from IBGE (The Brazilian Geographical and Statistical Institute). Initially, in the literature review, it was mentioned the main demographic aspects which are causing the population to age, as well as the importance of the elderly in the family and some considerations about the social security policies which have improved the life conditions of these people and their dependents. Through the analysis of descriptive statistics, it was observed that retirement represents a major part of income for the elderly. However, there are also significant income parts coming from formal jobs and self-employment. It was noticed that the expenses on medicines, health assistance, personal expenses, clothing, eating out, communication and transportation, take up important parts of the consumption of the elderly and their families. It was noticed that monthly income per capita from families whose head is the elderly is approximately R$200,00 more than those which do not have an elderly. Later, using the Logit model, it was possible to show the variables: family per capita income, age, head working out of his house, school background of the head of the family, and geographical location of the family, explained satisfactorily the consumption probability of families having elderly and not having elderly, for the following consumption aggregates: pharmaceutical products, health service assistance, personal expenses, cigarette smoking and its derivatives, clothing, traveling, leisure, communication and transportation. Among the most important results it is possible to conclude that: the demand for medical assistance increases, not having significant differences in consumption between elderly heads of families and non-elderly heads of family which work outside of the house, more years in school increases consumption probability for most of the goods and services analyzed. The elderly families and non-elderly residing in the metropolitan area of São Paulo showed smaller probability of spending on goods and health services, higher probability of spending on communication and transportation, compared to the other areas of study of household budget survey 1995/96.

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Cabrera, Liliane Menezes. "Uma introdução a matrizes, determinantes e sistemas lineares e suas aplicações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55136/tde-11012019-094435/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os conteúdos de matrizes, determinantes e sistemas lineares aos professores de matemática que lecionam no ensino médio, ressaltando as situações-problema bem como suas aplicações, contextualizando através de problemas.
The goal of this work is to present an introduction to matrices, determinants, and linear systems to high school mathematics teachers highlighting some applications.

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Mareš, Jan. "Determinanty úspěchu zemí BRIC na globálním trhu a jejich dopad na světovou ekonomiku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10446.

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The BRIC nations are Brazil, Russia, India and China, for the purpose of this thesis I concentrate on Brazil and India. Potential is the word that springs to mind when Brazil and India are mentioned. Brazil and India are developing countries with low GDP per capita (PPP). I demonstrate that Brazil and India have the potential to become world economy leaders in the very near future. This thesis therefore focuses on aspects that have a significant if not a crucial impact on fulfilling the potential of Brazil and India as world economical leaders.

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Hnilicová, Eva. "Poptávka a marketinové možnosti v badmintonu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11010.

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The main aim is to analyze and describe the situation of the demand for badminton in Czech Republic and to verify if this demand is increasing or decreasing. Furthermore to think about which instruments would help to develop the demand for badminton. Some perspective for the future is the development of marketing activities. The opportunities for sports marketing I will try to present at a practical example of the SPORT INVEST Marketing company stands for the currently best Czech badminton player.

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Horová, Lucie. "Analýza determinant pracovní migrace občanů ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16731.

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This diploma work deals with free movement of workers within European Union. The first theoretic chapter define labour migration and its main segmentation. The second chapter discribes four significant theoretical approaches to labour migration depending on wages differentials, human capital supply, family and created migration nets. Every approach explains the causes and effects of labour migration by different way. The third chapter is devoted to the migration policy of EU. Within fourth chapter migration policy of the selected countries (Germany, Austria, Ireland, Great Britain) is studied. The core of the work draws on a questinnaire-based survey of the migration attitudes of high-skilled workers and students. In this fiftht chapter, which is the key one, The influence of migration determinants on labour migration of the Czech citizens towards EU members states is analyzed. In conclusions the knowledge acquired in writing diploma work is interpreted.

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Hrazdíra, Adam. "The impact of Foreign Direct Investment from the European Union to Singapore." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201910.

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The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the impact of FDI flows from the European countries to Singapore. The analysis focuses on the period between 1995 and 2013. The work begins with the review of the relevant literature. The most important findings about spillover, spinoff effects, and the main FDI determinants are summarized in tables. The empirical part reveals the trends of FDI in Singapore with an emphasis on the influence of FDI from European countries. The work contains two main research questions: Does FDI from European countries have a positive impact on GDP growth in Singapore? Is it possible to identify the main determinants that attract FDI in Singapore? Time series analyses and panel analyses are used in the dissertation. Among the most valuable results belong the confirmation of a positive impact of FDI from Europe on GDP growth and the identification of some of the main positive determinants for attracting FDI in Singapore.

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Payano, Matilde Peguero. "Pneumonia em crianças menores de cinco anos em Salvador Bahia." Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Doutora em Saúde Pública, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11156.

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Submitted by Maria Creuza Silva (mariakreuza@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-20T18:18:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Matilde Perguero Payano. 2012.pdf: 1690294 bytes, checksum: 8b86e7c86033d26c9f292a02f9611d05 (MD5)
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Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-20T18:19:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Matilde Perguero Payano. 2012.pdf: 1690294 bytes, checksum: 8b86e7c86033d26c9f292a02f9611d05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde, as infecções respiratórias agudas das vias inferiores (IRAVIs)constituem as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade no mundo. Dos atendimentos ambulatoriais em pediatria, entre 40 a 60% são devidos a IRAVIs. Nos países de renda baixa são a primeira causa de morte. Das IRAVIs a pneumonia (PN) é a mais frequente. É responsável por 18% do total de morte nesta faixa etária. Aproximadamente 99% dos casos ocorrem nos países de baixa renda. Uma parcela importante da PN pode ser prevenida pelo uso da vacina contra o Hib. OBJETIVO. Estudar a ocorrência da PN em crianças menores de cinco anos. METODO. Trata-se de um estudo de caso-controle pareado por idade e vizinhança. Os casos (n=527) foram crianças de 6 até 47 meses de idade hospitalizadas por IRAVIs, de junho 2006 até maio 2008, nos principais hospitais da rede do SUS em Salvador. Os controles (n=1.045) foram crianças da comunidade da mesma idade do que o caso (mais/menos 6 meses do que o caso). Os dados foram submetidos à análise bivariada e multivariada por meio de regressão logística condicional. A análise foi feita usando STATA V.10. RESULTADOS. Os determinantes sociais em saúde modelam o caminho causal das IRAVIs em crianças menores de cinco anos e incluem fatores socioeconômicos, médio ambiente e fatores individuais. Na população estudada, a média e mediana de idade foi de 19 e16 meses respectivamente. Foram encontrados como fatores de risco: ter mãe empregada (OR 1,34 IC95% 1,06 1,69), morar em casa construída de material inapropriado (OR 2,38 IC95% 1,23 4,62), freqüentar a creche (OR 2,12 IC95% 1,49 3,01), o fumo da mãe durante a gravidez (OR 2,02 IC95% 1,42 2,89) e a prematuridade (OR 2,15 IC95% 1,28 3,63). O fato de ter mãe empregada contribui com 9% da ocorrência de IRAVIs (PAF 9%), seguido de freqüentar creche (PAF 8%), fumo da mãe durante a gravidez (PAF 7%), entanto que a construção de casa de material inapropriado e a prematuridade 3% cada (PAF 3%). A efetividade da vacina contra o Hib na redução de internações devida a PN foi de 3% (OR 0.97 IC 95% 0,71 1,37). CONCLUSÃO. Os fatores de risco para IRAVIs na população estudada estão ligada as condições de vida da família. A vacina conjugada contra o Hib, sob condições de aplicação do calendário regular de vacinação do SUS, mostra evidencias inconclusas relativo ao efeito protetor na prevenção de internações devida a PN em crianças de 6 até 47 meses de idade em Salvador, provavelmente devido ao efeito da vacina na eliminação de portadores do Hib.
Salvador

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Silva, Carmen Sofia Fernandes da. "The determinants of VAT revenues in Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12366.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Desde que o IVA foi introduzido, vários autores têm estudado as determinantes da receita de IVA para vários países ou grupos de países, contudo pouca atenção tem sido dada a Portugal. A literatura referente às determinantes da receita de IVA em Portugal é meramente conceptual com pouca evidência empírica. Assim, pretendemos estudar as determinantes da receita de IVA em Portugal. Este estudo é inovador na medida em que é provavelmente o primeiro estudo empírico sobre as determinantes da receita de IVA em Portugal e contribui com conhecimentos adicionais para o estudo do IVA. Adicionalmente, os resultados obtidos podem ser úteis para os decisores políticos Portugueses na medida em que ajudam a compreender como a receita do IVA em Portugal pode ser optimizada. De forma a efectuar este estudo, recolhemos dados mensais de variáveis económicas e fiscais específicas desde Janeiro de 1998 até Maio de 2015 e efetuámos análise de séries temporais através do uso de modelos de regressão para estimar as determinantes da receita de IVA. Desenvolvemos dois conjuntos de modelos de regressão, um usando o método dos Mínimos Quadrados (OLS) e outro usando o método de Prais-Winsten e Cochrane-Orcutt. Os resultados revelam que o crescimento económico, o consumo, o défice público e o nível das taxas reduzida e intermédia de IVA têm um impacto positivo na receita de IVA, enquanto o desemprego tem um impacto negativo na receita de IVA.
Since VAT was first introduced, several authors have studied the determinants of VAT revenues in several countries, or group of countries, however Portugal has received little attention. The literature on the determinants of VAT revenues in Portugal is merely conceptual, with little empirical evidence. We therefore intend to study the determinants of VAT revenues in Portugal. This study is innovative, in the sense that it is probably the first study of the determinants of VAT revenues in Portugal and it contributes with additional insights to the study of VAT. Moreover, the results obtained can be useful for Portuguese policy makers as they help to understand how VAT revenues in Portugal can be optimized. To perform this study, we collected monthly data on specific economic and tax variables from January 1998 to May 2015, and performed a time-series analysis through the use of regression models to estimate the determinants of VAT revenues. We developed two sets of regression models - one using the OLS method, and the other using the Prais-Winsten and Cochrane-Orcutt method. The results reveal that economic growth, consumption, the public deficit, and the level of the reduced and intermediate VAT rates all have a positive impact on VAT revenues, while unemployment has negative impact on VAT revenues.

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Gonçalves, Gonçalo Bruno Cassola de Almeida. "Situational and institutional determinants of portuguese SME firms' survivability." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10227.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto dos determinantes sociais na falência de Pequenas e Médias Empresas Portuguesas de Fabrico criadas entre 2009 e 2011 e acompanhadas até 2013. Foi utilizada uma regressão Cox em dados de painel para determinar o impacto dos determinantes sociais na falência destas empresas. Foram também estudados os efeitos de variáveis como o tamanho da empresa e a performance sobre a variável dependente "falha". Os resultados empíricos mostraram que tanto o Slack como a diferença entre performance e aspirações (quando a performance da empresa está acima aspirações), têm uma relação negativa e significativa com a probabilidade de falência de uma nova empresa.
This study aims to analyse the impact of social determinants in the failure of Portuguese manufacturing Small and Medium Enterprises that were created between 2009 and 2011 and followed until 2013. A Cox regression was used on panel data to determine the impact of social determinants in failure. The effects of variables such as size and performance on the Failure dependent variable were also studied. The empirical results showed that both Slack and Attainment Discrepancy (when the firm's performance is above aspirations), have a negative and significant relationship with the likelihood of failure of a new venture.

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Muyingo, Henry. "Property maintenance concepts and determinants /." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11356.

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Van, Gellecum Yolanda. "The determinants of organisational reputation /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17240.pdf.

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Biou, Virginie. "Cytoskeletal determinants of synaptic morphology." Basel : Universität Basel, 2003. http://www.unibas.ch/diss/2003/DissB_6702.htm.

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Rosique, Gil Francisco. "The determinants of corporate growth /." St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/918.

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Arinsoy, Memis Deniz. "The Determinants Of Original Sin." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615079/index.pdf.

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Original sin in economy literature is defined as the inability of countries to borrow in domestic currency from abroad (even from local markets with long maturities and fixed-rate). There are two dimensions of the problem, international and domestic. In this thesis, some of theories on determinants of international original sin phenomenon are investigated. The results suggest that absolute size of the economy is a significant determinant of the international original sin. Financial and economic development is also found to be necessary in order to redeem from the original sin problem. Existence of strong policies and institutions, monetary credibility, and flexible exchange rate regime are found as other significant factors in terms of explaining the phenomenon. Countries that faces credit market imperfections and poor contract enforcement more prone to original sin problem.

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Wilkman, Mats. "Determinants of Swedish Pharmaceutical Exports." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19325.

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In this thesis factors that explain Swedish pharmaceutical export as been analyzed. The period investigated is from 1995 to 2010. The investigation is concluded through the use of a gravity model. It investigates not only the GDP and distance variable but also the effects of GDP/capita, exchange rates and the effect of being a part of the internal market of EU. The effects of having access to the ocean and if the country has English as its official language is investigated as well as the effect of sharing the same religion. The results show that only a smaller subset of countries make up for most of the pharmaceutical export. The results also shows that the pharmaceutical export can be explained by the same variables as most other goods.

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Harper, Marina. "Virulence determinants of Pasteurella multocida." Monash University, Dept. of Microbiology, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9341.

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Trumble-Waddell, Jan Elizabeth. "Mapping determinants of health behaviours." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0023/NQ32892.pdf.

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Po-Wei, Hsu. "The determinants of online shopping /." Tamsui, Taipei : Tamkang University, College of International Studies, Graduate Institute of International Trade, 2006. http://etds.lib.tku.edu.tw/etdservice/view_metadata?etdun=U0002-2206200611362900.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Determinants'

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