Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déterminants génétiques'
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Acouetey-Ardoin, Dovi Stéphanie. "Déterminants génétiques, nutritionnels et métaboliques de l'asthme professionnel." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0213/document.
Full textOccupational asthma (OA) is the occupational respiratory disease most common in industrialized countries. It is a multifactorial disease involving a large number of risk factors genetic, constitutional, behavioral and environmental. At the genetic level, occupational asthma is a good model for the study of adult asthma and the mechanisms of interaction gene-gene-environment masking or modulating effect of genetic remain to be elucidated. None epidemiological studies on occupational asthma have examined the role of genetic factors in a very early exposure to allergens and airborne irritants. We initially assess the role of genetic polymorphisms related to inflammation and allergy, namely IL4RA, IL13, TNF, IL1A and IL5, on the decline of lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and increasing of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in 441 apprentice bakers / pastry-makers and hairdressers (MIBAP study). In this first part we observed interactions between IL13 and IL13 R130Q R130Q/IL4RA S478P / / IL4RA Q551R and decreased forced expiratory volume or forced vital capacity. The GG genotype of TNFA-G308A was found associated with bronchial hyperreactivity in the general population and in non-atopic subjects, we also observed that some gene-gene interactions were associated with a change in the FeNO after two years of training. In a second time, nutritionals determinants of asthma were investigated in a population of young workers employed in these occupations at risk from 3 to 10 years (ABCD study). Intake of vitamins, especially vitamins A, C, E,D, and polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 3 and 6 were studied by frequency questionnaire, the diagnosis of occupational asthma is achieved through a battery of tools (review clinical spirometry and reversibility of bronchial obstruction, FeNO measurement and examination of serum specific IgE). The results on 31 cases of occupational asthma and 196 controls showed a difference in terms of the sector: among bakers, no nutritional factor is objectified, unlike the hairdresser's asthmatics that have higher intakes vitamins A and D. B12 deficiency appears to be a risk factor for onset of occupational asthma regardless of the sector. In contrast, no correlation was found with serum levels of homocysteine and vitamin B9. Through studies in these young people at risk, it appears that the expression of certain risk factors of occupational asthma is flexible, depending on the type of exposure. The emergence of a disease such as occupational asthma involves multiple factors, most of which can be controlled and limited by effective preventive measures
Chèvre, Jean-Claude. "Etude des déterminants génétiques du diabète de type MODY." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066594.
Full textCarpentier, Philippe. "Les déterminants cognitifs, génétiques et environnementaux du rendement scolaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69445.
Full textSaba, Yasaman. "Déterminants génétiques des marqueurs IRM du vieillissement vasculaire cérébral." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0466.
Full textOver the last century, life expectancy has increased dramatically, contributing to a sharp increase in the number of patients with common neurological disease, especially stroke and dementia. Mounting evidence suggests that early life factors, including genetic factors, play a crucial role in the occurrence of such diseases. Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a major cause of stroke, cognitive decline and dementia. cSVD is most often covert, detectable on brain images in the absence of clinical manifestations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of cSVD, which can be measured non-invasively in large population, can provide crucial insights into the cause of late-life neurological diseases. White matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, and perivascular spaces are the most commonly studied MRI-markers of cSVD, while diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers new opportunity to explore susceptibility to cSVD across the lifespan. Deciphering these genetic risk factors of cSVD, including in early life, is a powerful tool to decipher molecular mechanisms leading to this disease. In this thesis, we explored the genetic determinants of MRI-markers of cSVD in the general population across the lifespan, by conducting large collaborative meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in up to 58,403 participants from the general population. First, we conducted a GWAS of WMH stratified on hypertension status. Our results shed new light into modifying effects of high blood pressure on genetic susceptibility to WMH. Second, we examined the genetic underpinnings of an emerging DTI marker, peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD), by conducting the first GWAS of PSMD, across the lifespan. We identified up to 25 novel genetic risk loci for PSMD, with good effect size correlation across European and East-Asian ancestries. Additionally, in a whole-exome association study (derived from whole exome sequencing), rare variants and burden of rare loss-of-function or singleton variants in 4 different genes were associated with PSMD. Genetically determined larger volume of WMH was associated with higher PSMD from early childhood to older age. Moreover, common PSMD risk loci were enriched in genes expressed in fetal brain endothelial cells. In conclusion, this work provides new insights into complex genomics of cSVD across the lifespan, across ancestries, and in interaction with hypertension, the most common risk factor of cSVD. These results are informative for the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies for cSVD and its complications, a major public health challenge
Tarabeux, Julien. "Etude des déterminants génétiques des psychoses à début précoce : Génétique de la schizophrénie et hypothèse glutamatergique." Thèse, Paris 5, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12796.
Full textSchizophrenic disorders (SCZ) have high heritability (around 80%), but only a small part has been characterized. Most studies have focussed on common polymorphisms, each having small individual effect, whereas copy number variant and chromosomal abnormalities studies have pointed to the possible involvement of rare and de novo mutations with high penetrance. In the first part of this manuscript, we will present a synthesis on genetic factors of SCZ and then a review of the arguments supporting an involvement of glutamatergic system abnormalities in SCZ, which is the focus of our research. Our work is part of a global project, Synapse to Disease (S2D), that aimed to sequence 1000 synaptic genes in cohort of patients affected with schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorders. We focussed in particular on the glutamatergic system and NMDA receptors. In a first publication we show an association between SCZ and a de novo truncating mutation of kinesin 17, wich has been implicated in the transport of the GRIN2B subunit of NMDA receptors. In a second publication we explore rare and de novo mutations in NMDA receptor subunits. We show an association between de novo mutations in GRIN2A and GRIN2B with cases of SCZ and autism. Our results strengthen the idea that a portion of schizophrenia cases could be related to rare mutations having a high penetrance, an alternative but not contradictory explanation to the hypothesis for an interaction between common variants having a small effect.
Curtit, Elsa. "Rôle des déterminants génétiques constitutionnels dans le cancer du sein." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCE017.
Full textAs in any disease, the development of breast cancer depends on genetic hereditary factors and environmental acquired factors. Genetic factors of breast cancer involve rare pathogenic mutations with high risk of developing a breast cancer and frequent genetic variants (single nucleotides polymorphisms - SNP) responsible for a low increase in the risk of cancer. The works presented in this manuscript show that germline genetic factors strongly determine the risk of developing a breast cancer, but also the subtype of breast cancer and may impact the prognosis. Estrogen-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer development is associated with 4 intronic SNP in FGFR2 gene. Breast cancer prognosis is not associated with variants conferring a risk of developing a breast cancer. Four independent SNP are associated with bad outcomes in triple-negative breast cancers.The way that leads from patient genome to tumor genome is complex, mainly unknown and probably different for each case, as illustrated in the two case reports involving BRCA1/2 germline mutations described in the second part of the manuscript. Last work is a clinical research trial and shows a prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations of around 3%, in a prospective cohort with metastatic breast cancer patients unselected on their age, cancer type or family history
Marangon, Karine. "Marqueurs biologiques de l'oxydation des lipoprotéines : déterminants environnementaux et génétiques." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN12156.
Full textMohammedi, Kamel. "Déterminants génétiques de la néphropathie diabétique : rôle du stress oxydant." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077047.
Full text: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogeny of diabetic nephropathy. The antioxidant enzymes play a major role in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and have a protective effect against diabetic nephropathy. We investigated associations of allelic variations in SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPXI genes with diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Thirty SNPs in the SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPXI regions were analyzed in 1285 Caucasian type 1 diabetic patients from the SURGENE prospective study (n=340; 10-year follow-up), GENESIS France-Belgium (n=501) and GENEDIAB (n=444) cross-sectional studies. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios or odds ratios for the incidence and the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. Ail analyses were adjusted or stratified by retinopathy stages. Results: In the SURGENE cohort, we observed associations of variants of SOD1 (rs 1041740 and rs!7880135), SOD2 (rs4880, rs2758329 and rs8031), CAT (rs7947841) and GPXI (rs3448) with the prevalence and the incidence of diabetic nephropathy and with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. These variants were also associated with nephropathy in the participants of the GENESIS and GENEDIAB cohorts. Conclusion: SOD1, SOD2, CAT and GPXI genes were associated with the development and the progression of diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetic subjects. These results are consistent with a major role for the antioxidant enzymes in the renoprotection against oxidative stress in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to identify the functional variants that modulate these genetic effects on diabetic nephropathy
Delplanque, Jérôme. "Étude des déterminants génétiques de l'obésité dans la population française." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-85.pdf.
Full textDubois, Séverine. "Etude des déterminants génétiques de l'obésité humaine dans la population française." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077246.
Full textChapuis, Julien. "Identification de déterminants génétiques impliqués dans la composante vasculaire de la MA, par analyses transcriptomiques, génétiques et moléculaires." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326304.
Full textLa maladie d'Alzheimer (MA) est une maladie dégénérative du cerveau qui provoque la démence, avec une perte graduelle de mémoire, du jugement, et des fonctions cognitives. Cette maladie apparaît généralement chez les personnes âgées de plus de 65 ans, mais certaines formes moins fréquentes peuvent apparaître plus précocement. Les bases génétiques et moléculaires de la MA sont encore mal connues. L'hérédité des formes à début précoce est liée à des mutations dans trois gènes différents: le gène du précurseur de la protéine amyloïde (APP) sur le chromosome 21, le gène de la préséniline 1 (PS1) sur le chromosome 14 et le gène de la préséniline 2 (PS2) sur le chromosome 1. Cependant, ces mutations expliquent moins de 1% des cas de MA. Dans la grande majorité des cas, la génétique apparaît beaucoup plus complexe car résultant de l'interaction entre des facteurs environnementaux et divers gènes de susceptibilité. Malgré le consensus sur l'importance de la composante génétique de la MA, seul l'allèle ε4 du gène de l'apolipoprotéine E (APOE) a été retrouvé comme un facteur constant de vulnérabilité. Toutefois, plus de 200 gènes ont déjà été proposés comme déterminants génétiques de la MA, mais aucun consensus n'a pu être obtenu pour l'un d'entre eux en raison du manque de robustesse des associations observées au sein de populations indépendantes. Tout d'abord, nous avons cherché à reproduire l'association entre la MA et des polymorphismes localisés dans 3 gènes candidats (VEGF, PON1 et GAB2). Deuxièmement, afin la sélection de nouveaux gènes candidats, nous avons combiné les informations issues de carte génétique avec le profil d'expression de gènes. Cette stratégie résulte de deux grandes observations: (i) l'expression de nombreux gènes est modifiée au cours de l'étiologie de la MA, (ii) les polymorphismes dans les promoteurs de l'APOE, PS1, PS2 et APP gènes ont été associés à l'apparition de la MA. Par conséquent, nous avons supposé que les gènes situés dans les régions chromosomiques définies par des études de liaisons génétiques et présentant une expression différentielle entre des patients et des témoins, pourraient constituer des gènes candidats implique dans la MA. Nous avons effectué l'analyse transcriptomique de 2741 gènes situés dans les régions chromosomiques d'intérêt définies dans le cadre de la MA. Les niveaux de l'expression génique ont été évalués à partir d'ARN totaux provenant de tissus cérébraux post-mortem de malades et de témoins. Cent six gènes ont été retrouvés différentiellement exprimés. Ensuite, nous avons évalué, au sein de ces gènes, l'impact de polymorphismes sur le risque de développer la MA. Le polymorphisme le plus intéressant, situé sur le gène IL33, a été associé à la MA dans 3 populations cas-témoins indépendantes. En outre, nous avons pu montrer une implication de ce gène dans un processus physiopathologie touchant le réseau vasculaire cérébral au cours de la MA. De façon intéressante, IL33 est préférentiellement exprimé dans les cellules vasculaires. En effet, un nombre croissant de données suggèrent un rôle central des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire, de la modification des parois artérielles, amenant à une hypoperfusion chronique du cerveau et au développement de la physiopathologie de la maladie. Ces données sont basées sur des études épidémiologiques, physiopathologiques, de neuro-imagerie, de neuropathologiques et d'études pharmacologiques. Toutes ces observations indiquent qu' une altération du réseau vasculaire pourrait être un facteur important dans le processus conduisant à la neurodégénérescence chronique dans la MA.
Legry, Vanessa. "Recherche de déterminants génétiques des phénotypes associés au syndrome métabolique en population." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426888.
Full textMadore, Anne-Marie. "La recherche de déterminants génétiques dans l'asthme : contribution de deux méthodes génomiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26885/26885.pdf.
Full textGalvez, Lopez Didiana. "Etude des déterminants structuraux et génétiques de la texture de la pomme." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2036.
Full textTexture is a major criterion of apple quality. It depends of cellular (cell wall and turgor pressure) and histological factors at different scales, which are under genetic control. The objective of this thesis was to identify new genetic markers related to fruit texture traits. A progeny of 150 individuals was phenotyped over two years at three different storage dates for sensory and mechanical traits, for histological parameters and cell wall biochemistry. Significant correlations were found between texture and histological traits, but no correlations were established with cell wall structures. The heritability values for all the traits varied from 0. 16 to 0. 94. The QTL mapping was focused on the 31 most heritable variables. A total of 127 QTL were located on 36 regions within the 17 apple linkage groups : 25 map for instrumental and sensory parameters, seven for histological and 27 for biochemical cell wall structures. 19 regions showed co-localization between sensory and/or instrumental characters with histological and/or biochemistry, revealing for the first time links between the genetic control of apple texture traits with those of structural cell wall determinants. Three regions co- localized with candidate genes related to fruit development and ripening identified in previous studies. These original results open new perspectives for improving the quality of apple by molecular marker-assisted breeding. They also provide a basis for deciphering new genes controlling structural determinants of texture
Chapuis, Julien. "Identification de déterminants génétiques impliqués dans la composante vasculaire de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, par analyses transcriptomiques, génétiques et moléculaires." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S013.
Full textSaulnier, Pierre-Jean. "Étude des déterminants génétiques et environnementaux des complications du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT1403/document.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a public health issue because of vascular and renal complications, which are complex diseases with interaction between genetic and environmental determinants.The objective of this work was to study these determinants in three independent populations of T2D patients by coupling cross-sectional (DIAB2NEPHROGENE) and longitudinal studies (SURDIAGENE and DIABHYCAR). Through a candidate-gene approach, we first focused on the natriuretic peptides system, NPR3 gene and sodium intake and then on the metabolic pathway of sex hormones, CYP19A1 gene (coding for aromatase) and sex steroid levels.Our first results showed that NPR3 rs2270915 G Allele was associated with high blood pressure (BP) and a reduced salt-sensitivity of BP. However, this SNP was not associated with any significant risk of cardio-vascular events (CVE) or death, at variance with rs6889608. Ultimately, CVE-free survival was impacted by salt intake with a reduced risk of morbi-mortality in those patients having the greatest intake, though a higher BP.In our second study, we confirmed that male gender was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (DN), but also for the occurrence of CVE. In men, we showed higher levels of estradiol (E2) associated with a higher prevalence of ND but without any significant increase in renal or CVE during follow-up. CYP19A1 variants were not associated with either E2 levels or the prevalence of ND. However, 2 SNPs tested, were significantly associated with the occurrence of end stage renal failure. Altogether, we have identified 2 different metabolic ways contributing to the genetic determinants of complications associated with T2D including a gene-environment interaction
Dionne, Isabelle. "Déterminants environnementaux et génétiques de la dépense et de l'équilibre énergétiques chez l'humain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/NQ43062.pdf.
Full textChoquette, Anne. "Étude des déterminants génétiques des comportements et des apports alimentaires associés à l'obésité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28708/28708.pdf.
Full textHanon, Olivier. "Recherche des déterminants génétiques de phénotypes artériels chez l'homme : application au vieillissement vasculaire." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066175.
Full textDupont, Sophie. "Etude des déterminants génétiques du diabète de type 2 dans la population française." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-308.pdf.
Full textBehmoaras, Jacques. "Déterminants génétiques de la composition de la matrice extracellulaire artérielle chez le rat." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05N01S.
Full textThe analysis of the components of the extracellular matrix is the first step in understanding mechanism involved in vascular pathology. Our main purpose was the study of genes regulating the extracellular matrix content in the arterial wall of the rat. We studied elastin content in the rat aorta by : 1- Analyzing elastin and collagen contents as well as growth factors regulating their amount in the arteries of seven imbred rat strains in order to establish contrasting arterial phenotypes 2-Whole genome analysis of a F2 population derived by LOU and Brown Norway (BN) crossbreds allowed us the identification of three loci controlling the elastin content in the rat aorta 3-Expression analysis of lysyl oxidase isoforms LOX, LOXL and their substrates in the aorta of three strains displaying different susceptibility to the vascular pathology
Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent. "Déterminants génétiques et nutritionnels de l’homocystéine au cours des maladies inflammatoires chroniques intestinales." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10120/document.
Full textWe investigated the association of genetic and nutritional determinants of homocysteine metabolism with inflammatory bowel diseases and the possible implication of hyperhomocysteinemia in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease via an increased oxidative stress measured by superoxide dismutase activity. In multivariate analysis, vitamin B12 and MTHFR 677 TT carriers were the two significant independent factors of plasma homocysteine >15 µmol/L in CD patients (P = 0.0187 and 0.0048, respectively). Patients with a personal history of ileal resection, ileitis, or colectomy had significantly lower vitamin B12 levels.The significant association between homocysteine and vitamin B12 levels remained significant only in patients with the highest superoxide dismutase values (P < 0.0001). The MTRR AA genotype was a significant independent predictor of CD risk (odds ratio 3.7, 95% CI 1.218– 11.649, P = 0.0213). The level of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher (P = 0.0143) and was correlated with Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (CDAI) scores (P for trend = 0.0276) in patients carrying MTRR AA genotype. In The Chinese cohort, methionine synthase 2756G allele frequency was higher in ulcerative colitis than in controls (0.09 (95% C.I. 0.07 – 0.12) vs 0.15 (95% C.I. 0.11– 0.19), P=0.0137) and predicted ulcerative colitis risk in multivariate logistic regression, with an Odds ratio at 1.8 (95 C.I. 1.09-2.99), P=0.0222. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype was 2.7-fold more prevalent in individuals with pancolitis, with respective percentages of 27.3 (95% C.I.16.4-42.0) and 10.5 (95% C.I. 6.3-17.1) (P= 0.0123)
Beji, Sana. "Identification de nouveaux déterminants génétiques de la tolérance au gel chez Pisum sativum." Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R006.
Full textIn pea (Pisum sativum L.), frost tolerance is controlled by a relatively small number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) identified by linkage analyses studies within biparental mapping populations. The recent discovery of high numbers of SNP and the development of high throughput genotyping tools offers the opportunity to further study the genetic determinism responsible for the phenotypic variation of the targeted trait. During this thesis, we investigated the genetic determinism of frost tolerance in pea by two quantitative genetic approaches namely linkage analysis QTL mapping and Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). A re-detection of frost tolerance QTLs was performed on a subset of 76 recombinant inbred lines extracted from the Champagne x Térèse population (Pop2, 164 RILs) and genotyped with 6486 markers. The analyses allowed to refine the confidence intervals of previously detected QTLs and to identify markers to be used in a fine mapping approach. Fine mapping of one of the formerly identified QTLs (WFD6.1) has been carried out using NILs (Near Isogenic Lines) for the targeted QTL, which creation by marker-assisted backcrossing has previously been initiated. Studied NILs showed a low rate of recombination at the targeted locus, which reduced the resolution of fine mapping. Parallely, a genome wide association mapping, performed within a collection of 365 pea accessions genotyped with 11366 SNP markers, revealed 62 markers in significant association with frost tolerance. Results confirmed 3 QTLs already detected by linkage analyses studies on linkage groups (LGs) III, V and VI, in multiple environmental conditions. They also allowed to identify a new locus on LG II and two loci on LGs I and VII, which have formerly been detected in only one environment. In addition, GWAS allowed to identify favourable haplotypes for frost tolerance and representative accessions carrying these haplotypes. Annotation of candidate markers identified 50 genes underlying the GWAS-detected loci and markers in high linkage disequilibrium (LD (r2) > 0.8) with associated markers. Among these genes, a particular interest for a CBF gene (C-repeat binding factor), located on the linking group VI at a position corresponding to the WFD6.1 QTL, was mentioned. On the basis of the syntenic relationship with Medicago truncatula, we hypothesized the presence of a cluster of CBF genes at this position. Therefore, we constructed two BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) libraries from the DNA of Champagne and Térèse, characterized by contrasted levels of frost tolerance. These libraries were screened by markers designed from the sequences of the CBF genes identified from the reference genome of Caméor. BAC clones carrying targeted markers were then sequenced by the PacBio® sequencing technology. Further characterization of the obtained sequences obtained is part of the perspectives of this work
Beji, Sana. "Identification de nouveaux déterminants génétiques de la tolérance au gel chez Pisum sativum." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LILUR006.
Full textIn pea (Pisum sativum L.), frost tolerance is controlled by a relatively small number of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) identified by linkage analyses studies within biparental mapping populations. The recent discovery of high numbers of SNP and the development of high throughput genotyping tools offers the opportunity to further study the genetic determinism responsible for the phenotypic variation of the targeted trait. During this thesis, we investigated the genetic determinism of frost tolerance in pea by two quantitative genetic approaches namely linkage analysis QTL mapping and Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). A re-detection of frost tolerance QTLs was performed on a subset of 76 recombinant inbred lines extracted from the Champagne x Térèse population (Pop2, 164 RILs) and genotyped with 6486 markers. The analyses allowed to refine the confidence intervals of previously detected QTLs and to identify markers to be used in a fine mapping approach. Fine mapping of one of the formerly identified QTLs (WFD6.1) has been carried out using NILs (Near Isogenic Lines) for the targeted QTL, which creation by marker-assisted backcrossing has previously been initiated. Studied NILs showed a low rate of recombination at the targeted locus, which reduced the resolution of fine mapping. Parallely, a genome wide association mapping, performed within a collection of 365 pea accessions genotyped with 11366 SNP markers, revealed 62 markers in significant association with frost tolerance. Results confirmed 3 QTLs already detected by linkage analyses studies on linkage groups (LGs) III, V and VI, in multiple environmental conditions. They also allowed to identify a new locus on LG II and two loci on LGs I and VII, which have formerly been detected in only one environment. In addition, GWAS allowed to identify favourable haplotypes for frost tolerance and representative accessions carrying these haplotypes. Annotation of candidate markers identified 50 genes underlying the GWAS-detected loci and markers in high linkage disequilibrium (LD (r2) > 0.8) with associated markers. Among these genes, a particular interest for a CBF gene (C-repeat binding factor), located on the linking group VI at a position corresponding to the WFD6.1 QTL, was mentioned. On the basis of the syntenic relationship with Medicago truncatula, we hypothesized the presence of a cluster of CBF genes at this position. Therefore, we constructed two BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) libraries from the DNA of Champagne and Térèse, characterized by contrasted levels of frost tolerance. These libraries were screened by markers designed from the sequences of the CBF genes identified from the reference genome of Caméor. BAC clones carrying targeted markers were then sequenced by the PacBio® sequencing technology. Further characterization of the obtained sequences obtained is part of the perspectives of this work
Mathieu, Flavie. "Recherche des déterminants génétiques de la réponse spécifique aux allergènes, phénotype associé à l'asthme, dans l'étude multicentrique EGEA." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T030.
Full textMarchand, Geneviève. "Étude des déterminants génétiques de l'antibiose de Pseudozyma flocculosa, un agent de lutte biologique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25435/25435.pdf.
Full textDufour, Delphine. "Recherche de déterminants génétiques permettant l'adaptation d'une souche Escherichia coli à la mamelle bovine." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL050N/document.
Full textThe objective of this work was to characterize the MPEC Escherichia coli P4 strain. A phylogenetic study showed that it belongs to the phylogenetic group A of the E. coli species and that its core genome is similar to the one of the commensal non-pathogenic E. coli K12 MG1655 strain which also belongs to the group A. A search in its genome of different genes encoding virulence factors known among other pathotypes of the E. coli species was done and only the traT gene, encoding a serum resistance factor, was detected. A screening of fifteen tRNA loci known for frequently hosting genomic islands, made in its genome, revealed for seven of them the presence of such structures. The partial or complete sequencing of the regions downstream from these seven loci showed the systematic presence of nucleotide sequences different from those present in E. coli K12 MG1655. If the content analysis of these islands does not yet explain the virulence of E. coli P4, their highlighting is the first of this kind in the pathotype MPEC and suggests the discovery of other genomic regions specific to this pathotype, which may explain its tropism and its nature. In addition, to assessing the role of E. coli P4 in milk caseinolysis observed during bovine mastitis, a constitutive secretion of four extracellular proteases was highlighted by casein zymography. However, the caseinolytic activity of these enzymes does not seem significant. This fact may suggest a role in virulence of the strain
Khiar-Berrahmoune, Hind. "Les déterminants environnementaux et génétiques de phénotypes intermédiaires de l'inflammation dans la cohorte STANISLAS." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN12505.
Full textKhiar-Berrahmoune, Hind. "Les déterminants environnementaux et génétiques de phénotypes intermédiaires de l'inflammation dans la cohorte STANISLAS." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10229.
Full textSicard, Ophélie. "Déterminants génétiques impliqués dans les interactions Arabidopsis thaliana/Potyvirus : identification de déterminants de plante et de virus impliqués dans le développement de symptômes." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21454.
Full textThe screening of an Arabidopsis thaliana core collection representing 96 % of the species genetic variability was performed with different isolates of the Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) and of the Plum pox virus (PPV). It lead to the identification/observation of a large diversity of phenotypes, from total resistance to symptomatic susceptibility. The genetic determinants for symptoms were studied in two related recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, Cvi/Ler and Col/Ler. Several QTLs (quantitative trait locus) linked to viral accumulation and symptomatic susceptibility were identified whereas a weak correlation traits was detected. The PS11 QTL as identified in both populations and confirmed in isogenic lines ; its fine-mapping was under course. A candidate gene approach focalised on the PS13 QTL region where the gene coding for the translation initiation factor eLF4G is mapping. The hypothesis that the abscence or the non-fonctionnality of this factor known for its implication in plant/potyvirus interactions is determinant for symptom was tested. Besides, different viral determinants implied in symptom development have been identified. This work offers new opportunities for association studies and for functionnal analysis of plant/virus interactions
Légaré, Cecilia. "Déterminants génétiques et épigénétiques de la variabilité phénotypique de la dystrophie myotonique de type 1." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11602.
Full textAbstract : Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a CTG repeat extension in the 3’ untranslated region of the dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) gene. Worldwide, the prevalence of DM1 is 8.26 affected persons per 100 000 persons, but it goes up to 158 affected persons per 100 000 in the Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean region of the province of Quebec (Canada) due to a founder effect. Clinical presentation includes muscular weakness, myotonia, cataracts, respiratory insufficiency, cardiac arrhythmia, hypersomnolence and endocrine and cognitive problems. There is a large variability in the presence and severity of these symptoms that is only partially explained by the CTG repeat length. Many mechanisms such as splicing defects, impaired regulation of transcription factors, repeat-associated non-ATG translation and epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, may explain this variability. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of DNA methylation measured at the DMPK gene locus on phenotypic variability in DM1. We report that DNA methylation upstream of the repeat was negatively correlated with CTG repeat length whereas downstream DNA methylation was positively correlated. The presence of a variant repeat within the CTG repeat was associated with a higher level of DNA methylation. Linear multiple regression models support that DNA methylation contributes significantly and independently of the CTG repeat length to the variability of the ankle dorsiflexor, grip and pinch strengths, as well as forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures. DNA methylation could thus explain part of the phenotypic variability in DM1 and, together with CTG repeat length, could help improve the prediction of the progression of the disease.
Giroux, Mélissa. "Identification des déterminants génétiques impliqués dans la différenciation phénotypique entre Saccharomyces cerevisiae et Saccharomyces paradoxus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29628/29628.pdf.
Full textPierre, Jean-Baptiste. "Recherche de déterminants génétiques de la date de floraison chez la Légumineuse modèle, Medicago truncatula." Phd thesis, Agrocampus - Ecole nationale supérieure d'agronomie de rennes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653807.
Full textDescamps, Elodie. "Greigite et magnétite : les déterminants environnementaux et génétiques contrôlant la biominéralisation chez les bactéries magnétotactiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0057/document.
Full textMagnetotactic bacteria represent a phylogenetically and ecologically diverse group of prokaryotes able to biomineralize magnetic nanocrystals composed of magnetite [an iron oxide (Fe(II)Fe(III)2O4)] or greigite [an iron sulfide (Fe(II)Fe(III)2S4)] in their magnetosomes, a prokaryotic organelle whose cytoplasmic alignement in chain allows the cell to navigate along the Earth’s magnetic field lines. Until recently, only magnetite-producing strains were available in pure culture. Thus, only the magnetite biomineralization has been studied. In 2011, a new bacterium able to form both magnetite and greigite, Desulfamplus magnetovallimortis strain BW-1, was isolated from Death Valley, California and cultivated in pure culture. In this work, we propose to use an integrated and multidisciplinary approach to understand the mechanisms involved in greigite biomineralization in BW-1 strain. First, we determined the environmental and biological conditions in which magnetite and greigite are formed. This first part of my thesis also contributed to the physiologic and phylogenetic characterization of this bacterium. Secondly, we used global and targeted transcriptomic approaches to evaluate the transcription levels of genes putatively involved in magnetosomes formation (magnetite vs. greigite) under various growth conditions. A proteomic approach provided additional informations to this study.Results obtained during my thesis contribute to the understanding of in vivo biomineralization, particularly for greigite production in magnetotactic bacteria
Ponthieux, Anne. "Déterminants génétiques et environnementaux de molécules d'adhésion impliquées dans l'athérosclérose : les sélectines et ICAM-1." Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN12516.
Full textChaib, Jamila. "Caractérisation des déterminants génétiques et moléculaires de composantes de la texture du fruit de tomate." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0005.
Full textFontaine, Anne-Sophie. "Recherche de déterminants génétiques et moléculaires impliqués dans la digestibilité des parois du mai͏̈s fourrage." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2293.
Full textForage maize quality, as food value, is mainly dependent on it ruminant digestibility. Hence lignin, a cell wall component, limit fibers (cellulose and hemicellulose) digestibility which were energetic source of this food. In order to understand cell wall composition and digestibility relationships, this study contributed to research genetic and molecular determinants of maize cell wall digestibility. Genetic variation of lignin content, phenolic acids (p-coumaric and ferulic) content and pyrolysis cell wall derived was studied toward several maize inbred. QTLs of digestibility, lignification and phenolic acids traits was localized in crossing population F288 x F271 genetic map. Allelic polymorphism study of candidate gene which code for the cafeate O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme imply in lignin biosynthesis, was allowed to approach cell wall digestibility molecular determinism. The high polymorphism degree observed encouraging alleles research for improving maize digestibility
Pawelec, Anna. "Caractérisation des déterminants génétiques et moléculaires de la résistance à Alternaria dauci chez la carotte." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0009.
Full textAlternaria leaf blight is the most important foliar disease on carrot, cultivated for root production as well as seed production. High and sustainable resistance is one of the most important objectives of breeding programs. The present work is a contribution to the characterisation of resistance factors. Two segregating populations were submitted to evaluation following artificial or natural inoculation on one hand, and to genotyping with AFLP, ISSR, APF-RGA markers, on the other hand. Two genetic linkage maps were generated (1367. 6 cM et 1570. 2 cM) with an average spacing of 7. 5 cM between markers. A total of 16 significant QTL were detected using QTLCartographer software. Ten were detected for the first evaluation date, among which two explained 17 and 24% of the total phenotypical variation. Therefore, the host/pathogen recognition could be the most discriminating phase for phenotypical breeding. The QTL detected for the second and third evaluation dates, with a lower R², could be related to invasion control or to foliage regeneration. Moreover, a new procedure for resistance evaluation based on a whole plant test was proposed. Finally, results showed a complementarity between several molecular methods for linkage map saturation within carrot
Corlouer, Erwan. "Identification des déterminants génétiques et moléculaires contrôlant la stabilité du rendement chez le colza d’hiver." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NSARC149.
Full textOne of the current challenges in plant breeding is to ensure optimized and stable production in low-input cropping systems under fluctuating environments. The observed phenotype results from the expression of the effects of the genotype and the environment in addition to genotype × environment interaction (G×E). Breeding for varieties that are stable/adapted to a wide range of environments or, on the opposite, specifically adapted to targeted environments requires understanding and exploiting the G×E interaction. In this context, this thesis work aimed at answering the following questions: what are the main abiotic factors limiting seed yield in winter oilseed rape. How can these factors be used to define environmental typologies that make it possible to characterize and cluster environments to decompose the G×E interaction? Finally, is this envirotyping relevant to charaterize the genetic determinants controlling the G×E?A strategy based on the characterization and analysis of a network of 47 trials spread over the main rapeseed growing areas in France and conducted under contrasting nitrogen nutrition regimes, was used to identify the factors limiting seed yield in rapeseed and to cluster the trials into envirotypes. Subsequently, a genome wide association study was conducted on 173 winter oilseed rape genotypes tested within this network in order to identify the QTL that control seed yield and the G×E interaction. Stable and specific QTL were identified according to envirotypes. The interest of this approach and the results obtained are discussed, particularly with the
Lambert, Jean-Charles. "Recherche de déterminants génétiques susceptibles de moduler l'impact de l'apolipoprotéine E dans la maladie d'Alzheimer." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-435.pdf.
Full textGuéant-Rodriguez, Rosa-Maria. "Déterminants génétiques et nutritionnels de l'homocystéine : études de populations et association avec les maladies cardiovasculaires." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11312.
Full textCoulon, Audrey. "Identification et caractérisation de déterminants génétiques de la perte synaptique associée à la maladie d'Alzheimer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2023/2023ULILS058.pdf.
Full textAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the prime cause of dementia, and synaptic loss is central to its pathophysiology. Although the most important risk factor is age, AD also has a significant genetic component, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 76 loci encompassing hundreds of genes associated with the risk of developing the disease. Post-GWAS functional analyses are now needed to clarify the function of these genes and to identify underlying molecular mechanisms.In this context, I have developed different in vitro approaches to identify and characterize genes and variants involved in the AD-associated synaptic loss.First, I have developed a high content screening to assess the impact of each GWAS-identified AD genetic risk factor on synapse number in rat primary hippocampal neurons. I have identified several genes whose under-expression led to a significant modulation of synaptic density. Surprisingly, one of the best hits was PLCG2, whose neuronal function was unknown so far. Second, I have characterized the impact of PLCG2 gene silencing on neuronal electrical activity and AD-associated phenotypes in a model of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived neurons. Last, my work has focused on another AD genetic risk factor involved in synaptic function, the FERMT2 gene. In order to assess the functional role of the rs7143400 variant, located within FERMT2 gene 3'UTR, I have generated a cell line carrying this variant through CRISPR-Cas9 editing. This model has been used to evaluate the impact of the FERMT2 rs7143400 variant on gene expression and amyloid peptide precursor metabolism.Overall, this work helped to better understand how the PLCG2 and FERMT2 genetic risk factors influence the development of AD, giving further insights into the mechanisms involved the disease onset
Laurençon, Marianne. "Déterminants génétiques et prédictions de la germination et de la vigueur précoce chez le colza." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut Agro, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025AGRORA03.
Full textOilseed rape establishment is a critical phase for yield establishment, due to the numerous biotic and abiotic stresses at the beginning of the cycle. Using genetic improvement of varieties to obtain vigorous plants during the early development stages would enable the crop to successful establish and thus guarantee yield potential. In this context, this thesis aimed to answer the following questions: what is the genetic determinism of seed germination and early vigor? As these traits are potentially polygenic, is it possible to predict them? To this end, a panel of 233 rapeseed genotypes (Brassica napus L.) was phenotyped for a set of physiological and developmental traits in order to decompose seed germination and early vigor. Genome-wide association analyses highlighted the polygenic nature of these traits by identified 17 and 21 QTL respectively. In addition, the predictive potential of these traits was assessed using genomic prediction approaches (based on molecular data) and phenomic prediction approaches (based on spectral data). Both approaches were found to be suitable for predicting these traits. However, the variability in performance between models of the two approaches suggests the use of specific models regarding traits and the population considered. Genetic architecture and prediction of establishment traits are discussed, as well as the use of genetic resources in pre-breeding
Ruchat, Stéphanie-May. "Étude des déterminants génétiques et des interactions gène-gène et gène-environnement associés à l'homéostasie glucidique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26878/26878.pdf.
Full textCouvigny, Benoît. "Déterminants génétiques et protéiques impliqués dans les processus d'adhésion de la bactérie commensale humaine Streptococcus salivarius." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114844.
Full textTo characterize molecular mechanisms underlying adhesion of commensal bacteria, we used Streptococcus salivarius (SSAL) as a model. SSAL is among the most important pioneer colonizers of neonatal oral mucosal surfaces, and later becomes a predominant component of the human adult oral microbiota with pre-eminent ecological role. We developed a method to identified, through phenotypic screening assays, genes involved in SSAL adhesion to host or bacterial surfaces. In particular, we showed that the SecA2Y2 system, which comprises genes devoted to glycosylation and export of surface Serine Rich Repeat Proteins (SRRPs), participates to bacterial aggregation, biofilm formation, in vitro adhesion and colonization of mice. While all bacteria containing a similar system possess only one SRRP, the SSAL secA2Y2 locus comprises three SRRPs with complementary role in line with the previous phenotypes. Interestingly, SrpB is specifically involved in the binding to epithelial cells, while SrpC to the extracellular matrix and mucus proteins. We showed that these interactions require glycosylation of both bacterial SRPs and host surfaces. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that this essential process is shared by glycosyltransferases located in other genomic regions. This work is the first report showing the presence in a bacterium of three SRPs, which display complementary roles in bacterial-host interaction. While the SecA2Y2 system is mostly associated to virulence in pathogenic bacteria, it appears to be involved in the expression of commensal traits in SSAL, such as its colonization and its resilience to oral and intestinal niches. This work may offer new insights into the mechanisms of niche establishment (host, microbial communities) of commensal bacteria
Brunaud, Laurent. "Déterminants nutritionnels et génétiques de l'homocystéine et méthylation de l'ADN : modèles expérimentaux et implications en pathologie." Nancy 1, 2003. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01746923.
Full textTscherning, Charlotte. "Déterminants biologiques et génétiques du VIH-1 et rôle du placenta dans la transmission materno-foetale." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T187.
Full textMassart, Annick. "Contribution à l'étude des déterminants génétiques opérant chez les patients transplantés rénaux tolérants à leur allogreffe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/309698.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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Haroche, Julien. "Déterminants et supports génétiques de la résistance aux composants A des streptogramines et aux antibiotiques apparentés." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077095.
Full textTremblay, Karine. "Comparaison de différentes approches méthodologiques dans l'identification de déterminants génétiques de susceptibilité ou de protection pour l'asthme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26257/26257.pdf.
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