Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Déterminants cliniques'
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Vaccaro, Angelica. "Déterminants cliniques de l'hyperactivité sympathique au cours de l'insuffisance cardiaque." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30087/document.
Full textSympathetic nervous system (SNS) abnormalities contribute to the development of some cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF) and stress cardiomyopathies. These abnormalities involve persistent, adverse activation of SNS in HF and episodic sympathetic activation in stress cardiomyopathies. Less is still known about the role of SNS in valvular heart diseases. Our PhD work had as a purpose to analyse, by microneurography, the activity of SNS and its modulation by physiological reflex arcs, during HF, with and without comorbidities (including anemia and kidney failure), in stress cardiomyopathies and during aortic stenosis. SNS hyperactivity participates in the initiation and progression of HF being also a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target. The fundamental mechanisms underlying the activation of SNS in HF remain uncertain. One hypothesis would include a decrease in inhibitory reflexes activity, such as peripheral arterial baroreflex and an increase in excitatory reflexes activity, such as peripheral arterial chemoreflex. With our first work we report that the increased activity of peripheral chemoreflex directly decreases the arterial baroreflex function in HF patients and that this interaction contributes to sympathetic hyperactivity. Our team had already shown that during HF, renal dysfunction and anemia contribute to the increased activity of SNS. Although renal dysfunction and anemia have been widely studied separately in HF, epidemiological data also suggest that renal impairment can coexist with anemia in HF patients in the so called "cardio-renal anemia syndrome". We demonstrated that this syndrome during HF is associated with elevated sympathetic activity mediated by both tonic peripheral chemoreflex activation and arterial baroreflex impairment.The Tako Tsubo (TTC) is a stress cardiomyopathy characterized by acute reversible left ventricular failure. The exact pathophysiology remains unknown but sympathetic hyperactivation seems to play a fundamental role. We reported by microneurography the presence of SNS hyperactivation in the subacute phase of the disease associated with impairment in arterial baroreflex.In developed countries, aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent of all valvular heart diseases. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an emerging therapeutic option in symptomatic patients with severe AS at high surgical risk. AS is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We wanted to assess whether in AS sympathetic hyperactivity existed that could help to explain the poor prognosis of these patients and be the target of TAVI. We have shown that AS patients have an increased SNS activity that is associated with reduced peripheral baroreflex gain. The TAVI normalizes these parameters.On the whole this PhD work identified new mechanisms that contribute to SNS hyperactivity in heart failure, aortic stenosis and Tako Tsubo cardiomyopathy. Since SNS hyperactivity plays a critical role in heart failure, knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie it could allow identification and/or validation of new strategies for its treatment
Veran, Lucile. "La performance financière des cliniques privées entre déterminants invariants et contingents : étude de 463 cliniques privées françaises de court séjour." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30023.
Full textPrivate short-stay clinics are confronted with increasing economic constraints, to which they are trying to adapt, due to stronger competition and a new system of pricing. This research identifies which are the organizational determinents and financial performance strategies of private clinics. A review of French and foreign literature pertaining to the performance of these health establishments revealed the presence of numerous determinents of the financial performance. To identify the factors influencing the private clinics, a statistical study was performed on 463 French short-term clinics, where the relevent data was available. The results of these statistics indicated that the financial performance of these clinics, as measured by financial scores and ratios, underwent an influential impact in the short and long term. The productivity of the paid employees, the volume of activity, the presence of a well-defined and effective strategic project, so that the quality of the care given, as measured by the results of these clinics on different steps towards improvement on the quality of care, are the factors which presented a strong impact on the financial performance
Galan, Clémentine. "Addiction à Internet à l'adolescence et chez le jeune adulte : déterminants cliniques de l'usage problématique." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2016.
Full textIntroduction. Problematic Internet use is a risky behavior that shares a number of criteria with other addictions. Internet addiction was investigated and defined by Young, who created a measurement tool that is still valid today: the Internet Addiction Test (1998). Adolescents and young adults are considered to be particularly at risk. The objective of this research work is to study the clinical factors of problematic Internet use in adolescents and young adults.Methods. Participants. Three samples were constituted: (i) 998 adolescents and young adults (average age 17.89, ± 3.83); (ii) 602 adolescents (15.12, ± 1.23); (iii) 59 adolescents attending child psychiatry centers (15.78, ± 1.35). Material and procedure. Subjects completed self-report instruments related to Internet use and addiction, video game addiction, gambling (gambling disorder), food addiction, substance use (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis), personality traits, anxiety and mood disorders, and the probability of attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD).Results. The first study with adolescents and young adults categorized Internet use and other uses and addictions by age and gender. Internet and video game use declined with age, while the use of psychoactive substances (tobacco, alcohol) increased. The second study focused more specifically on Internet use and its relationship to personality traits. It revealed that subjects with problematic Internet use had low scores on Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, reflecting their tendency to be more conformist, antagonistic and impulsive. The third study with adolescents examined the links between Internet use and anxiety and mood disorders. The results indicate that adolescents with problematic Internet use had more depressive and anxiety symptoms. The fourth study shows that adolescents at risk of ADHD had a more problematic use of the Internet. The fifth study, based on a cluster analysis of the clinical factors, identified 7 profiles of Internet users. Of these, 3 concerned subjects with problematic Internet use: (i) without associated disorders, apart from gaming disorder; (ii) with addictions to psychoactive substances and behavioral addictions; (iii) with prevalent anxiety and mood disorders. The sixth study analyzed the problematic use of the Internet by adolescents receiving clinical care. They had a problematic Internet use associated with gambling disorder, but little use of video games. Compared to other adolescents, they had more addictions, as well as anxiety-depressive disorders and ADHD. However, if we only consider subjects with problematic Internet use, the differences in consumption and ADHD levels are no longer significant.Discussion and conclusion. This work confirms the value of studying clinical characteristics as factors contributing to problematic Internet use. There are psychopathological similarities between problematic Internet use and other drugs and behavioral addictions, thus supporting the inclusion of Internet addiction in international classifications. This research also identified profiles in which the addiction could be serve different functions. This opens up avenues for research, care and prevention of problematic Internet use
Capdevielle, Delphine. "Durées d'hospitalisation des patients souffrant d'un premier épisode psychotique : déterminants et conséquences cliniques et organisationnelles." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T014/document.
Full textSince the middle of last century, there has been a transition in almost all western countries towards a policy of reduced periods of hospitalization. Although many studies have been carried out on the consequences of short versus long length of stay (LOS), less is known about the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients on admission, which could influence LOS. A better knowledge of these factors could help adapt LOS to patients' specific needs and perhaps reduce the negative consequences of early discharge. Furthermore, predicting LOS could be helpful for planning bed availability. First-episode psychosis is a key moment to study with the importance of cares on prognosis. The aim of our study is to evaluate clinical and social determinants of LOS at admission and discharge in relation to 121 hospitalisations for first episode psychosis using standardized assessment measures and their consequences on care organisation. None of the clinical factors at admission were significant predictors of longer hospital stay. However, response to treatment and symptomatology at discharge were significantly associated with longer LOS as was the head psychiatrist's general preference for long or short hospitalisation. Furthermore our findings, during the one-year follow up, suggest that a shortening of hospital stay for first episode psychotic patients has not been compensated by an increased role of the general practitioner (GP) in providing post-discharge care or by psychiatric community care. This suggests a need for greater evidence-based rationalization of practice for the care of first psychosis episode with more interactions between hospital and community care
Lhomme, Édouard. "Analyse des déterminants et modélisation de la réponse immunitaire post-vaccination dans des stratégies vaccinales expérimentales." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0271.
Full textSpecific methodological challenges exist in vaccine clinical trials, due principally to specificities of vaccine development, clinical trial design, absence of validate correlate of protection, and complexities of new immunological assays for evaluating immunogenicity of vaccine candidates. These require methodological research to define the most appropriate methods. This thesis focuses on methodological research to optimize methods used in the clinical development of vaccines, especially to propose and develop statistical methods to model immunogenicity, using HIV and Ebola vaccine clinical trials as an example.We first investigated the dynamics of the immune responses post-vaccination and showed that early sampling time points should be considered in future clinical trials to better understand the role of the early CD4 helper T cells and to evaluate their predictive role in the immune response to vaccines. Then, we developed a new bivariate modelling approach for the analysis of the cellular immune response (assessed by intracellular cytokine staining, ICS) that showed good statistical performances and should become the new statistical standard method for ICS analyses in vaccine trials. This work will have a direct impact on the assessment on the ICS response in vaccine clinical trials.Regarding the humoral response, we showed that there are still significant uncertainties in the determinants of the antibody response after preventive vaccination against Ebola virus disease. This emphasizes the interest of harmonizing measurement methods and study designs. Furthermore, it indicates the need of randomized multi arm Ebola vaccine trials for accurate comparison of immunogenicity between different vaccine strategies.Finally, we presented the methodology of an international randomized phase 2 trial against Ebola, and in particular a methodological and ethical reflection related to the enrollment of study personnel in Ebola vaccine trial in a non-epidemic context.Methods developed in this thesis will contribute to improve the design and analysis of future vaccine trials, and also could be transposable more widely to other research domains
Leblanc, Geneviève. "Étude sur les déterminants de l'intention des infirmières de première ligne d'utliser le Dossier de santé du Québec (DSQ) dans leurs activités cliniques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27995/27995.pdf.
Full textInformation and communication technologies are increasingly seen as potential solutions to major challenges of healthcare. As such, an Electronic Health Record (EHR) is being developed in the Province of Quebec and it is considered the key to the integration of various tools that will enable a safer and more efficient healthcare system for every Quebec citizen. However, the expected benefits can only materialise if healthcare professionals adopt this new technology. This study looked at the factors that influence nurses’ intention to adopt the EHR. A questionnaire was distributed to 199 primary care nurses. Multiple hierarchical regression indicates that the variables explained 58% of the variance in nurses’ intention to adopt an EHR. These findings suggest that in order to improve nurses’ intention to adopt EHR, interventions should target the attitudinal belief that using an EHR will improve the quality of care and should also focus on the perceived behavioral beliefs of nurses to use the EHR.
Rousseau, Anne. "L'hémorragie du post-partum immédiat sévère : étude des variations de pratique de prise en charge. Analyse des déterminants organisationnels et personnels." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC017.
Full textPostpartum Hemorrhage (PPH) still represents the leading cause of maternai morbidity and mortality in France. The PPH worsening to severe PPH can be explained by different factors: factors related to women, pregnancy and childbirth and / or factors related to PPH management. The quality of this management cannot be evaluated independently of either the environment in which it is given or the characteristics of caregivers who provide them. Observational studies have partially assessed the potential determinants of the quality of care for PPH management. The objective of this PhD thesis was to develop and validate a methodology to study discrepancies with good practices and to assess determinants related to the organization of care and / or caregivers. At first, we developed and validated dynamic case-vignettes with several steps, as tool assessing quality of PPH management. Then we used these case-vignettes to study variations in PPH management among 450 French midwives. Adherence to guidelines was low for pharmacological management. Finally, we investigated staff and institutional factors associated with substandard care. We showed both staff — i. E. Age, experience, and level of risk taking - and institutional factors ¬mortality and morbidity reviews — may be associated with substandard eare in midwives' PPH management. Our method proves to be a relevant way to complete the observational studies on the subject
Laflamme, Marie-Eve. "La satisfaction par rapport aux services de santé reçus chez des travailleurs ayant un mal de dos : son impact sur les résultats cliniques à moyen et long terme de ses déterminants." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26411/26411.pdf.
Full textPalm, Sié Jean-Marc. "Les facteurs d'acceptabilité d'un Système d'Information Clinique (SIC) : Evaluation Comparative France (HEGP) - Québec (CHUS)." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815060.
Full textJoerger, Roger. "Axiographie et déterminants de l'occlusion : étude clinique et statistique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR1D001.
Full textDuclos, Karine. "Sida et déterminants de l'observance thérapeutique : une approche clinique comparée." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21031.
Full textDetoc, Maëlle. "Déterminants à la participation ou non à un essai vaccinal préventif." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES016.
Full textThe development of new vaccines remains crucial, particularly in the context of epidemics due to emerging pathogens and the fight against antibiotic resistance. Clinical development of vaccines is time consuming and expensive. Optimizing recruitment in these trials is therefore essential. The objective was therefore to identify the barriers and motivations to participation in a vaccine trial. Altruism and financial incentives were identified in our literature review as the main motivating factors and fear of side effects and study design as the main obstacles. On the one hand, we studied the attitude of primary physicians towards their patients who were offered to participate in a preventive vaccine trial. They are not well informed about clinical research and would like to have more information in advance in order to give an objective opinion to the patient. We also studied the barriers and motivations of people approached to participate in a preventive vaccine trial. We were able to highlight that altruism was the main motivation to participate and that a favorable opinion for vaccines in general was associated with agreeing to participate in this type of trial. In addition, fear of potential side effects was found to be the main reason for the decision to participate. Financial incentives, which are a motivation for younger people, were a barrier to participation among older people. The quality of the information given to the potential participant by the physician is crucial and reinforces the importance of sharing information with the patient's primary physician
Robieux, Léonore. "L'empathie clinique : rôle et déterminants dans la prise en charge des maladies chroniques graves." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB256.
Full textOver the last 15 years, research on clinical empathy in somatic medicine has increased significantly. This clinical empathy is therefore becoming better understood, which shows by the appearance of various models and benefits on patients and physicians. Today, the challenge is to improve and to maintain clinical empathy through medical training and practice while protecting the well-being of physicians. This thesis' aim is to define clinical empathy in the context of serious chronic diseases: its process, its determinants, its consequences and the resources it needs. This work proposes three sequential studies involving patients (N = 15) and hospital doctors (N = 233). The design is mixed between qualitative and quantitative data and methods. These studies seek to define empathy, identify and test its antecedents and its consequences, exploring both the experiences of physicians and patients. Furthermore, a fourth study, a pilot one, has been conducted. Empathy appears as specific to a clinic. The results emphasize its cognitive and behavioral facets. Clinical empathy has a key role in patients' care and wellbeing but also in physicians' wellbeing. This work proposes an empirical definition that reconciles and enriches the preceding ones. It gives the opportunity to develop knowledge of empathy's determinants in the specific case of serious chronic diseases. Clinical empathy is the result of many individual, situational and inter-individual elements. Therefore, the development of doctors' empathy with patients with severe chronic diseases cannot be considered without developing recommendations to institutions, training programs, and individual and collective supports
La, Scola Bernard. "Etude des facteurs déterminant les formes cliniques de la fièvre Q par l'utilisation de modèles animaux." Aix-Marseille 2, 1999. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1999AIX20659.pdf.
Full textRoustit, Christelle. "La résilience : d'un concept clinique à son application dans le champ de la santé publique : perspectives pédiatriques." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066510.
Full textNavel, Aurélie. "Les déterminants de la qualité du processus de reconversion sportive de haut niveau : approche psychodynamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0005.
Full textThe interest of both media and scientists to the topic of high-level sport's retirement and its difficulties is relatively recent. Thus, if researches multiplied in the last twenty years, in a particularly prosper area, successive attempts of reconversion process' theoretical models met nevertheless the difficulty of sport's retirement specificities and cannot answer certain questions.In such a context, this study is new from the two perspectives: theoretical and methodological. Indeed, referring to theoretical fields of psychoanalysis and psychodynamics, it is the question of psychic mechanisms as a determinant of reconversion's quality which is put into question.Thus, original developed hypothesis will be tested through a comparative study of three clinical cases (succeeded/mitigated/failed reconversion), evaluated from a clinical and projective perspective never used before.The results may conclude to a correlation between psychic mechanisms' quality (mentalization, fantasy space, defensive mechanisms) and reconversion's quality.One more, a second variable appeared out of this study, unexpected: it concerns external support's possibilities and it seems that it can be a distinctive factor of the reconversion's quality, such as a continuum.Nevertheless, these brand new results require to be confirmed, generalized
Sasomsin, Patrinée. "Déterminants de l'accouchement prématuré chez les femmes VIH positives, rôle du traitement antirétroviral de la mère." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077171.
Full textRoux, Hélène. "Déterminants de l’évolution à court terme des soins hospitaliers et du devenir à long terme dans l’anorexie mentale sévère." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T017/document.
Full textAnorexia nervosa is a disease that affects both mental and physical health. The most severe forms as they require long hospital care, with a drop-out rate very high (20% of adolescents and 60% of adults) are those with the worst prognosis. But this drop-out (or early exit) generates both relapse and a chronicisation. If the long-term outcome of these patients is documented, studies focusing on the most severe forms are few, and among them, those taking into account both the somatic and psychic aspects of their outcome are almost nonexistent. That’s why, after focusing on epidemiological data on anorexia nervosa, we chose to focus our thesis on first the search for factors explaining the drop-out and may become therapeutic targets, and second the physical and psychological outcome of these subjects ten years after hospitalization.The first study of 180 patients from ten centers taking care of severe anorexic patients, relied on a prospective clinical multicenter epidemiological study called EVALHOSPITAM. Our objective was to identify predictors of drop-out during hospitalization for anorexia nervosa. Indeed, taking into account such factors upon admission might help reduce drop-out during hospitalization, and thus help to improve the prognosis of these subjects.The second study presents the results of an outcome study of patients hospitalized during adolescence on average nine years before. Our work focuses on the somatic outcome of long-term patients who suffered from anorexia nervosa, its link to psychiatric outcome and finally a comparison with a sample from the general population of the same age and sex
Justino, Joana. "Autoanticorps dans la glomérulonéphrite extra-membraneuse associée à PLA2R1 : épitopes, immunodominance et implication clinique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR6028.
Full textMembranous Nephropathy (MN) is a rare (1.2/100,000 new cases per year) but severe autoimmune kidney disease. It is also a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. The clinical outcome of patients is complex and variable, going from spontaneous remission to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with persistent high levels of proteinuria. Despite international KDIGO recommendations, MN treatment remains highly controversial and challenging. Better biomarkers are needed to identify patients at risk of severe disease, orient treatment decision and predict response to therapy.From the pathophysiological point of view, MN is characterized by the formation of immune complex deposits at the glomerular basement membrane leading to podocyte injury and proteinuria. A major breakthrough was the identification of the phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) as the main autoantigen of MN for about 70% of the patients, followed by the identification of thrombospondin–type 1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) as a second autoantigen in another group of 2-5% of patients. These discoveries not only gave a new molecular basis to better understand MN pathogenesis but also rapidly provided clinical assays to diagnose MN and monitor disease activity. Anti–PLA2R1 titers correlate with disease activity and have a prognostic value. Another major discovery was the identification of three distinct epitope-containing domains in PLA2R1-associated MN: CysR, CTLD1 and CTLD7. The severity of the disease and poor clinical outcome were found to be associated with multiple autoantibodies targeting these domains. These antibodies are likely produced by a mechanism of epitope spreading.PLA2R1 is a 180 kDa glycosylated transmembrane receptor with a large extracellular region comprising 10 distinct domains: a cysteine-rich domain (CysR), a fibronectin type II domain (FnII) and eight different C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs). PLA2R1 binds sPLA2 and inhibits their enzymatic activity, thereby playing a role in immune and inflammatory conditions. PLA2R1 may also act as a tumor suppressor in cancer. However, its biological function in podocytes is largely unknown.The major aim of my thesis was to characterize the full set of PLA2R1 epitopes, and analyze their clinical relevance, in particular as predictors of clinical outcome and response to treatment. Using different molecular and cellular biology techniques, we have demonstrated that patients’ autoantibodies can recognize multiple epitopes in up to 5 of the 10 PLA2R1 domains. Further screening of a cohort of 142 PLA2R1-associated MN patients by ELISA, with each of the 10 individual domains of PLA2R1 indicated different prevalence towards each domain. In this cohort, anti-PLA2R1 titer and epitope positivity appear as relevant biomarkers to predict clinical outcome and response to treatment. We also identified the CysR and CTLD1 domains as two alternative immunodominant epitope-domains, suggesting that the driving force of the autoimmune response may progress towards two different pathways. Of potential clinical interest, patients with a CysR versus CTLD1 immunodominance had different response to treatment and clinical outcome. Together, this work provides a better understanding of the trajectory of the PLA2R1 autoimmune response within the pathogenesis of PLA2R1–associated MN, and might contribute to the development of specific diagnosis tests towards more personalized medicine
Lemire, Geneviève. "Identification des déterminants de l'intention des infirmières à exercer la surveillance clinique d’adultes hospitalisés lors du pic d'action des opioïdes sous-cutanés." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66682.
Full textIntroduction: Subcutaneous administration of opioids may cause episodes of respiratory depression leading to preventable deaths. Due to their efficacy, opioids remain the first-choice therapy for the relief of moderate to acute pain. However, more and more inpatients have one or more risk factors for respiratory depression that justifies clinical surveillance adapted to their condition. To ensure safe monitoring of inpatients, professional guidelines, coupled with organizational measures in the form of guidelines and nurse monitoring protocols, have been introduced. Despite the action taken, clinical surveillance remains inadequate, allowing us to assume that there are, beyond the organizational elements, individual determinants influencing nurse supervision. Objective: Identify the determinants of the intention of nurses to conduct clinical surveillance of adults in hospital during the peak action of subcutaneous opioids. Methods: Predictive correlational study among nurses of surgical and medicine units of a Quebec health facility (n = 104) through a self-reported questionnaire. Multiple regressions were carried out to identify the determinants associated with the intention to perform the desired behaviour. Results: Perceived control and professional standards have been identified as the key determinants of nurses' intention to perform clinical surveillance associated with opioid at the time of peak effect. Discussion and conclusion: By identifying the individual determinants most likely to explain the intention to exercise appropriate surveillance at the peak of opioid action, this study helps to target clinical safety interventions.
Riverin, Deschesnes Bruno. "Étude transversale sur le statut en vitamine D et ses déterminants chez les Cris du nord du Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30335/30335.pdf.
Full textAboriginal peoples affected by a nutrition transition and living at high latitudes are among the groups most at risk of vitamin D insufficiency. We conducted a cross-sectional study to examine the vitamin D status and associated factors among James Bay Cree. Data from 944 participants aged 15 years and above are from the Nituuchischaayihtitaau Aschii: A Multi-Community Environment and Health Longitudinal Study in Eeyou Istchee. According to the new reference level recently established, the vitamin D status in Cree was found to be suboptimal with nearly half (49%) of the sample population having inadequate concentrations for optimum bone health. We found that women and participants aged less than 40 years were more at risk of insufficiency. In a small sample of Cree children aged eight to 14 years, 43% of participants had concentrations inadequate for bone. Our findings support that it is essential that health professionals be informed in order to provide the necessary dietary counselling or other interventions at the population level to prevent the nutrition transition.
Coniasse-Brioude, Delphine. "Déterminants psychologiques de l'acceptation et du refus de participer à un essai clinique destiné à prévenir la maladie d'Alzheimer en population âgée fragilisée." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646721.
Full textRobert, Sarah. "Santé et recours aux soins des jeunes en insertion socio-professionnelle : une recherche interventionnelle multicentrique Santé et recours aux soins des jeunes en insertion âgés de 18 à 25 ans suivis en mission locale Effects of systematically offered social and preventive medicine consultation on training and health attitudes of young people not in employment, education or training (NEETs) : an interventional study in France." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS038.
Full textIn France, ‘‘Missions locales’’ are public assistance sites for young people aged 16–25 years who are not in employment, in education or training (NEET). More than 1.4 million NEETs – i.e. ten to fifteen percent of the youth – participate in these sites each year. The main goal of ‘‘Missions locales’’ is to enhance both professional and social insertion – since education, employment, housing and health issues are inseperable. Several international studies have shown that NEETs have poor health status. In France, there were very few quantitative studies on this topic until the PRESAJE survey in 2011, which took place in five ‘’Missions locales’’. Based on data from this survey, we showed that the overall social profile of the NEET population was diverse, with more difficult living conditions than in the general population. Health-related vulnerability factors identified were: low education level; social isolation; insufficient health insurance; low self-esteem; and, low level of trust in institutions. Some of their health indicators were remarkably poor compared to other youth of the same age: more often, they had chronic disease, were overweight or obese, and their mental health status was poor. Despite their poor health, NEETs had less access to health care than the youth of the same age in the general population. This work also has highlighted the importance of having health sites inside ‘‘Missions locales’’. Social and preventive medicine consultations that are fully integrated into the social services for NEETs have an impact on their access to training (and we hope subsequently on their employment), and contribute to changing some of their health-related behaviours
Roux, Helene. "Déterminants de l'évolution à court terme des soins hospitaliers et du devenir à long terme dans l'anorexie mentale sévère." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981851.
Full textRenaud, Cyrille. "L'infarctus cérébral artériel du nouveau-né à terme : présentation clinique, facteurs de risques et déterminants évolutifs à partir d'une cohorte prospective multicentrique d'épidémiologie descriptive." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697759.
Full textMilward, de Azevedo Meiners Constance Marie. "Pharmaceutical technology incorporation and affordability of HIV/AIDS treatment in developing countries : an analysis of the Brazilian response." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1100.
Full textIn 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) published new HIV/AIDS treatment recommendations which aim at improving the quality of antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivered in developing countries. Nonetheless, the higher costs of incorporating new and more potent antiretrovirals (ARVs), coupled by the intensification of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection, put in evidence a growing trade-off between patient coverage expansion priorities and treatment quality objectives, which tend to favor the perpetuation of a double standard of HIV care in the world.This thesis aims at analyzing the determinants of technology incorporation and price evolution in HIV care as the basis for discussing how these can impact both the quality and affordability of ART in low and middle-income settings. The present research takes as reference the Brazilian ART policy and the insights it may provide in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The first part of this thesis addresses the criteria used for the incorporation of novel drugs in ART guidelines. Content and statistical analyses are used to examine the impact of ARV prices on therapeutic recommendations and how the latter have been able to influence clinical practice. They show that, although efficacy, toxicity and dosing convenience represent major determinants of ART incorporation decisions in Brazil, costs have most recently started influencing deferral in the use of new ARVs. The second part takes into account the role of patent protection on pharmaceutical innovation and pricing, further employing descriptive and econometric approaches to analyze ARV market structure and prices in Brazil
Ziam, Saliha. "Les déterminants de la capacité d'absorption des connaissances : le cas des courtiers de connaissances œuvrant dans le domaine de la santé au Canada." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22178.
Full textDrut, Amandine. "La mesure de l’homocystéinémie plasmatique chez le chat : validité de la méthode de chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem, déterminants biologiques, intervalle de référence et application aux maladies rénales chroniques." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ONIR131F.
Full textIn human medicine, plasma plasma homocysteine concentration is a biomarker used for early diagnosis of cobalamin or folate deficiencies, and cardiovascular risk assessment in some medical conditions such as chronic kidney failure. ln veterinary medicine, several studies are beginning to address the status of homocysteine in diseased animals. The first objective of our study was to define the biological determinants and the reference interval of plasma homocysteine concentration in healthy adult cats, after having verified the concentration validity of the high-performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry method. Our work confirmed the suitability of this technique for the measurement of homocysteine in feline plasma. The study of plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy cats provided a particularly wide reference interval, showing high inter-individual variability that we were not able to explain by epidemiological determinants. We described an influence of the dietary protein content and plasma creatinine concentration. A strong metabolic signature was identified in a group of animals with elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations, suggesting alterations in the homocysteine metabolism in some healthy cats. The second aim of our work was to compare plasma homocysteine concentrations between a population of cats with stable chronic kidney disease and the previously established population of healthy individuals. This study of a small number of cats with chronic kidney disease did not show any differences from the reference population
Bernad, Karine. "Une contribution à l'étude de conditions et de contraintes déterminant les pratiques enseignantes dans le cadre de mises en oeuvre de parcours d'étude et de recherche en mathématiques au collège." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0338.
Full textThe framework of this research is the anthropological theory of the didactic (ATD), from which it uses the notion of a study and research path (SRP) as well as the model of praxeology. It studies the determination of the elements of a teacher’s a praxeological equipment which is considered useful in the implémentation of a monodisciplinary SRP, for the French mathematics programs’ teaching beetween 2013-2015. The study is divided into two related questions. Firstly, which didactic praxeologies could be regarded as useful to achieve the objectives of the project under consideration ? Secondly, what is likely to explain the difficulties encountered in the diffusion and reception of such didactic praxeologies with teachers ? We study the conditions and constraints on the internal didactic transposition’s process that two teachers undertook starting from the appropriation of a provided document, describing the targeted mathematical and didactic organizations, up to its implementation in the classroom. This inquiry develops a clinical study, allowing to analyze the dimensions of the didactic praxeologies activated by teachers, in which their personal relations to mathematics, and to mathematics teaching and learning and to the teaching profession arise. These didactic praxeologies, when confronted with the study of the third teacher’s appropriate praxeological equipment, highligth a dominant epistemological model and reveal needs for the development of mathematical and didactic infrastructures
Gilardin, Laurent. "Identification des épitopes T d’ADAMTS13 chez les patients atteints de Purpura Thrombotique Thrombocytopénique The ADAMTS13¹²³⁹-¹²⁵³ peptide is a dominant HLA-DR1-restricted CD4⁺ T-cell epitope Purpura Thrombotique Thrombocytopénique : physiopathologie, clinique, pronostic et traitement In silico calculated affinity of FVIII-derived peptides for HLA class II alleles predicts inhibitor development in haemophilia A patients with missense mutations in the F8 gene In silico prediction of immuno-dominant T-cell epitopes on human therapeutic factor VIII Predictive immunogenicity of Refacto AF Complement C3 is a novel modulator of the anti-factor VIII immune response Anti-ADAMTS13 Autoantibodies against Cryptic Epitopes in Immune-Mediated Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS520.
Full textThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare and severe disease characterized by auto-antibodies directed against ADAMTS13 (A13), a plasmatic protein involved in haemostasis. The implication of CD4⁺ T cells in the pathogenesis of the disease is suggested by the existence of a restriction to particular HLA-DR alleles and by the IgG isotype of the antibodies. In this study, we wished to determine the T cell epitopes of A13. First, we selected in silico the immunodominant peptides, based on their binding capacity to HLA-DR11 molecules. Second, their binding capacity to purified HLA-DR11 molecules using a ELISA competitive assay led us to identify the best binder peptides. Finally, we determined the peptides recognized by human CD4⁺ T cells from DR11 healthy donors and patients. These results were reproduced for the HLA-DR1 haplotype and in a transgenic humanized HLA-DR1 mouse model. In a perspective point of view, our results will allow us to further isolate the specific CD4⁺ T cells in order to characterize them at different steps of the disease and during follow-up to better anticipate relapses
Kopp-Bigault, Céline. "Etude exploratoire des déterminants psychosociaux et psychopathologiques à l'oeuvre dans les phénomènes suicidaires en pays Centre Ouest Bretagne : perspectives pour une prévention du suicide et des tentatives de suicide en pays COB et en Bretagne." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG018/document.
Full textThe present thesis analyzes the role of psychosocial and psychopathological factors in the abnormally high rate of deaths by suicide in the “Pays COB” territory. It is based on the hypothesis according to which the interactions between the social conceptions of suicide and the personal trajectories hinders suicide prevention. We studied the structure of social representations of suicide (SR) with Vergès’method (double analysis of the evocation rank) and uncover specific SR in Brittany and in “Pays COB”. A study of the life trajectories highlighted the excessive rate of depressions and personality disorders. We also found amoung suicide victims a weak self-esteem, a difficulty to talk and to ask for help, transgenerational and current violent tendencies, an incestual climate and (self-) stigmatization related to the SR of suicide, depression and psychiatric services. A study about the effect of a suicide showed that it has an impact on the close relatives: individual and family psychic trauma, traumatic grief. Following these results, specific actions can be carried out in this territory to improve the prevention of suicide and of suicide attempts
Dubois, Jean-Daniel. "Déterminants cliniques et neuromécaniques de l'évolution de l'incapacité fonctionnelle associée aux lombalgies chroniques." Thèse, 2015. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7834/1/031262849.pdf.
Full textGuay, Marie-Pascale. "Impact de l'étude du Women's Health Initiative sur les taux d'utilisation, les caractéristiques cliniques et la persistance associés à la prise d'hormonothérapie substitutive." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15631.
Full textLaisné, François. "Les déterminants biopsychosociaux de la réadaptation de travailleurs accidentés du travail." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5899.
Full textDespite years of research on chronic pain and disability, there is yet little consensus on a core set of risk factors. One thing that most agree on, is the fact that musculoskeletal disorders and the adjustment to its consequences is a complex, multidimensional process determined by biopsychosocial factors interacting with one another. Two articles are presented with the overall goal of identifying significant determinants of adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders. The first article is a systematic literature review that aimed at reviewing all pertinent biopsychosocial prognostic factors of adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders and assessed their relevance in predicting multidimensional outcomes, namely work participation, functional disability, pain, quality of life, psychological distress and recurrence. The 105 prospective studies identified and fitting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed and all significant associations were summarized. Then, 68 studies that included sociodemoraphic and biopsychosocial risk factors were separately analysed for their methodological quality, level of evidence (LOE) was established for each association between risk factors and outcome variables and existing differences were highlighted between phases of chronicity. Strong evidence was found for recovery expectations, coping, somatization, comorbidity, duration of episode, disability management and moderate evidence was found for pain behaviours. When it comes to predicting different outcomes reflecting the adjustment process of subjects with musculoskeletal disorders, each tends to have a different set of predictors. Few significant differences were found according to phases of chronicity. These results support the biopsychosocial nature of the adjustment to musculoskeletal disorders with a predominance of psychosocial determinants. The second article is a prospective study with follow-ups at 2 and 8 months and was conducted on a sample of 62 mostly chronic occupationally injured workers receiving compensation benefits from the CSST (Quebec Workers’ Compensation Board). The study aimed to identify determinants of active involvement in a return to work process while adopting a biopsychosocial approach. It did so by investigating the pertinence of previously studied risk factors but for which no consensus yet exists, but also by investigating the pertinence of previously neglected or even omitted risk factors. After multivariate analysis, gender, work recovery expectations and importance of work were predictive of work outcomes at 2 months. After 8 months, age, medical consolidation, trauma symptoms, work support and importance of work predicted work outcomes. The results show the importance of approaching chronic work disability from a multidimensional perspective, although corroborating our literature review’s findings that psychosocial variables appear to be more significant predictors in this study.
Pâquet, Myriam. "Déterminants dyadiques et évolution dans le temps de la douleur génito-pelvienne." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22688.
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