Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection et diagnostic des défauts'
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Bun, Long. "Détection et localisation de défauts pour un système PV." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647189.
Full textPeuget, Raphaël. "Suivi des équipements électriques tournants : analyse et diagnostic des défaillances." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0222.
Full textBentoumi, Mohamed. "Outils pour la détection et la classification : Application au diagnostic de défauts de surface de rail." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10159.
Full textThe works concern with detection and classification problems for fault diagnosis. Two approaches are treated. The first one, where the K-classes global problem is splitted into sub problems, is called simultaneous detection and classification. Each sub problem is solved by a block that links together pre-processing phase, choice of the representation space, detection then decision. The resolution of the global problem is carried out by a sequential arrangement of the blocks or a parallel decision scheme. The second approach is the successive detection and classification approach. It consits of a first basic signal processing for alarm generation that indicates the possible existence of default. Then, high-level processings are activated in order to precisely analyze the default signature. Classification tools - linear classifiers, neural classifiers, SVM - are used. All these methods have been validated on a rail surface defect detection application in subway context
Zein, Eddine Abbass. "Algorithmes de détection et diagnostic des défauts pour les convertisseurs statiques de puissance." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH28/document.
Full textDC-DC converters have received significant interest recently as a result of their high power capabilities and good power quality. They are of particular interest in systems with multiple sources of energy. However due to the large number of sensitive components including power semiconductor devices, coils, and capacitors used in such circuits there is a high likelihood of component failure. This thesis considers one of the most promising DC-DC converters—the ZVS full bridge isolated Buck converter. An approach with two stages is presented to detect and isolate opencircuit faults in the power semiconductor devices in systems with DC-DC converters. The first stage is the fault detection and isolation for a single DC-DC converter, while the second stage works on a system with multiple DC-DC converters. The proposed methods are based on Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). The signals used in the proposed methods are already available as measurement inputs to control system and no additional measurements are required. An experimental ZVS full bridge isolated Buck converter has been designed and built to validate the fault detection and isolation method on a single converter. The methods can be used with other DC-DC converter typologies employing similar analysis and principals
Genovesi, Antoine Marcel. "Détection de défaults et diagnostic en ligne de procédés biologiques de dépollution." Perpignan, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1999PERP0348.
Full textFault detection and diagnosis of industrial processes requires à multidisciplinary approach to ensure their availability, reliability and to guarantee human and environmental safety. To do this, techniques from the Signan processing, Control and Artificial Intelligence fields need to combined in order to use the whole knowledge available from the process
Petropol, Siana-Elena. "Ondelettes et diagnostic : application aux défauts diélectriques et électriques des machines tournantes." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0077.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the diagnosis of dielectric and electric faults of electrical drives, more precisely, the diagnosis of changes or anomalies in the measured signals. By its time-frequency localization, the Multiresolution Analysis is adaptable to fault diagnosis. He choices of the mother wavelet and of the number of decomposition levels are the freedom degrees, which allow this method to extract relevant information from the analyzed signals. Its implementation by numerical filters reduces the computations cost. The fault detection method computes on-line the wavelet coefficients. A gradual alarm rate is delivered function of the fault type and persistency. The fault isolation and identification methods take into account the spectral contents of the coefficients vector at each decomposition level to determine the fault membership of a class of known fault types and further to estimate the fault amplitude. New classes of faults may be created. The fault detection method has been initially conceived to detect the insulation quick aging and has been further validated for the asynchronous motor parameter fault detection. The fault isolation and identification methods have been developed and verified only for the asynchronous motor application. The Multiresolution Analysis freedom degrees confer flexibility to the developed methods with regard to different applications
Benkouider, Ali Mustapha. "Contribution à la détection et au diagnostic des défauts dans les réacteurs discontinus et semi-continus." Rouen, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAM0003.
Full textHARKAT, Mohamed-Faouzi. "Détection et localisation de défauts par analyse en composantes principales." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005283.
Full textHashemi, Nejad Hossein. "Synthèse intégrée du diagnostic de systèmes contrôlés en réseaux avec contraintes de communication." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00634526.
Full textBentoumi, Mohamed. "Outils pour la détection et la classificationApplication au diagnostic de défauts de surface de rail." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00122046.
Full textLa seconde approche est l'approche de détection et classification successives. Elle consiste à traiter tout
d'abord les signaux issus du capteur de manière simple pour la délivrance d'un signal d'alarme indiquant la
présence possible d'un défaut. Dans ce cas, et dans ce cas seulement, des traitements haut niveau sont mis en
oeuvre dans le but d'analyser plus finement les signatures de ces défauts. Les outils pour la classification - les différents classifieurs linéaires, les classifieurs neuronaux et les machines à vecteurs de support - sont détaillés. L'accent est mis sur le réglage des marges des classifieurs linéaires, sur leurs capacités de généralisation et sur les estimateurs de cette capacité de généralisation.
L'ensemble de ces méthodes a été validé sur une application concernant la détection de défauts de surface de rail dans un contexte métro. Un démonstrateur temps réel et opérant en condition d'exploitation a permis de tester les solutions de l'approche détection et classification simultanées, en considérant les taux de bonne détection et de
fausse alarme sur 4 classes de défauts de rail. La transformée en ondelettes, le filtrage inverse et la séparation de sources par analyse en composantes indépendantes sont les outils de prétraitement qui ont été particulièrement détaillés dans ce contexte applicatif.
Une base de données, constituée à partir de mesures sur site labellisées, a permis de qualifier statistiquement les solutions de l'approche détection et classification successives. Une hiérarchisation des méthodes est proposée en fonction de leur capacité de généralisation, mais aussi de leur complexité et de leur aptitude à traiter le problème avec ou sans optimisation des espaces de représentation.
Salles, Gaël. "Surveillance et diagnostic des défauts de la charge d'un entraînement par machine asynchrone." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10017.
Full textLadevèze, David. "Détections d'erreurs, diagnostic de défauts et accommodation de la commande." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT038H.
Full textMethnani, Salowa. "Diagnostic, reconstruction et identification des défauts capteurs et actionneurs : application aux station d’épurations des eaux usées." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0016/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a general methodology for identifying and reconstructing sensor faults on dynamical processes. This identification theory provides a general framework for the problem of "observability with unknown inputs". Next, a framework for fault detection and isolation of sensors and actuators is proposed. The FDI sheme is based on bank of high-gain observers. A simulation study of a waste water treatment plant shows the effectiveness of the proposed approach.The second point evoked in the thesis is the observability of nonlinear dynamic systems and state estimation. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is a widely used observer for such nonlinear systems. However, it suffers from the lack of theoretical justifications. The EKF, when applied to a system put in a normal form of observability, it acquires the property of global exponential convergence. Unfortunately, this latter observer (HG-EKF) is very sensitive to measurement noise. In order to combine the behaviors of the EKF (efficiency with respect to noise smoothing) and of the HG-EKF (reactivity to large estimation errors), (Boizot et al, 2010) proposed an adaptive high gain observer. This observer is applied to a MIMO nonlinear system of an Activated Sludge Process. A comparison study of the performances of the three observers under consideration is carried out. Results show a clearly better state estimation for the adaptive observer
Li, Xiaoming. "Développement d'une méthode connexionniste pour la détection et le diagnostic de défauts de systèmes de chauffage." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529470.
Full textNguyen, Thi Thanh Quynh. "Diagnostic distribué et commande tolérante aux défauts pour les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS006.
Full textA multi-agent system (MAS) can be defined by a group of agents that communicate with each other. Over the past decade, MAS have proven to be an effective and economical solution to many complex engineering problems that are difficult or even impossible to solve by a single agent.Despite the abundance of results in the literature on cooperative control of SAM, there are still areas for improvement, in particular in terms of reliability and operational performance of cooperative control in the event of a failure. This thesis aims to contribute to the resolution of the problems of distributed fault diagnosis and FTC for non-homogeneous / heterogeneous MAS with switched topologies. First, an approach based on a distributed fault detection (FD) observer for a network of non-homogeneous agents with switching topologies is proposed. We started with the formalization of a virtual model corresponding to each agent. This model takes into account all the local information available to the agent, namely the virtual model, as well as the topology switching function. This representation is presented in the form of a switched continuous impulsive system. Next, we present an IMT-based approach to design a distributed FD filter. In this proposed approach, we use H_ / Hinf indices to guarantee the sensitivity of the residue to defects as well as its robustness to disturbance. We also use several Lyapunov functions which satisfy the slow switching constraint to ensure the convergence of the synthesized observers.Subsequently, our study focuses on distributed fault estimation (FE) for a network of non-homogeneous agents with actuator faults and switching topologies. In this work, we continue to use the switched virtual model resulting from our work on FD to represent the model of each agent. We propose a new method of decomposition which makes it possible to decompose the state of the agent and its neighbors in two sub-states, one is affected by the actuator faults and the other is not affected by the faults. A distributed observer for each agent is also proposed to estimate the state subsets. Finally, default estimates are obtained by simultaneously using state estimation and a robust exact differentiator. It should be noted that this proposed approach is distributed both in design and implementation. Indeed, it does not need information from all the systems and it also allows each agent to estimate its faults and those of its neighbors. As a result, we can reduce computation and communication times when implemented in practical applications.Finally, the development of FE and FTC for a network of heterogeneous agents subject to actuator faults and an exit consensus is discussed. The objective is to improve reliability and performance by FTC during cooperative operation of heterogeneous MAS with the presence of faults. This approach is based on internal reference models and an observer for estimating faults. The agents rely on the information provided by the FE modules and do not require any prior knowledge of the fault. A decentralized FE based on the observer is synthesized to estimate the states and faults of the actuator. The design of the observers is given after state decompositions using transformation matrices. Next, a fault-tolerant consensus controller is proposed. It uses the estimated state and the estimated faults resulting from the defect estimation observer. The agreement between the agents is obtained by solving the problem of consensus of internal references
Touati, Youcef. "Diagnostic robuste et estimation de défauts à base de modèle Bond Graph." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10100/document.
Full textThis work deals with robust bond graph model-based fault diagnosis. The main objectives of this work are related to the generation of robust thresholds with respect to measurement uncertainties, and the creation of a systematic procedure for the generation of fault estimation equations. A procedure of thresholds generation based on a graphical representation of the measurement uncertainty has been developed and implemented on a real system. The Bond graph under LFT (linear fractional transformation) form has been used for the generation of fault estimation equations. These equations are used to improve the decision step concerning the isolation of the faults having the same signature and for analyzing the sensitivity of the residuals to faults affecting sensors, actuators and parameters. The algorithms developed in this work have been on a mechatronic system representing a mobile robot, called: Robotino
Sidibé, Yaya Yannick. "Aide à la décision pour la détection et l’analyse des défauts de surface dans les structures immergées." Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0006/document.
Full textThis study concerns the damages detection and diagnosis for immersed structure. The structures are metallic plates. The proposed method focuses on the analysis of ultrasonic acoustic measurements obtained by submarine echography. It combines signal processing tools and Gaussian neural networks for classification purpose. Methods with and without reference models are proposed. The usual detection technics with contact are not applicable for the considered systems like stream turbines. This research consists to use a single and a single transducer under different incidence angles opposed to others technics using numerous sensors and their accurate location. The present research use Lamb wave according to their sensibility to the structural damages. The different stages are the following : - 1. Experimental setup for Lamb wave generation and acquisition. - 2. Study of the Lamb wave processing on immersed structures, in particular in metallic plate immersed in water. - 3 .Signal characterization for different types of damages. - 4. Estimation of the angle and lift-off distance
Hocine, Abdelfettah. "Estimation d'état et diagnostic de systèmes à commutation par filtrage multi-modèle." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135049.
Full textBatteux, Michel. "Diagnosticabilité et diagnostic de systèmes technologiques pilotés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00643460.
Full textMenighed, Kamel. "Commandes coopératives embarquées et tolérantes aux défauts." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545412.
Full textNoura, Hassan. "Contribution à la commande des systèmes : diagnostic et commande des systèmes soumis à des défauts." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10208.
Full textCombastel, Christophe. "Méthodes d'aide à la décision pour la détection et la localisation de défauts dans les entraînements électriques." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00198501.
Full textFournier, Etienne. "Protocole de diagnostic des entraînements asynchrones par références : application à la détection des déséquilibres mécaniques et des défauts de courroies." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15546/1/E_Fournier.pdf.
Full textSauter, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude des méthodes de détection de rupture de modèle : application à la détection d'événements dans les signaux et au diagnostic de défauts de systèmes." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10320.
Full textJamouli, Hicham. "Génération de résidus directionnels pour le diagnostic des systèmes linéaires stochastiques et la commande." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005813.
Full textRaison, Bertrand. "Détection et localisation de défaillances sur un entraînement électrique." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0079.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to provide solutions for the fault détection and isolation in electrical drives and especialîy induction drives. The considered faults may affect the machine, the converter, the mechanical part and the sensors. The variable speed drive is controlled by a rotor flux vector control loop and a speed loop. Using the results of the fault characterisation, obtained from simulations or experiments, two approaches are proposed. The first one is based on signal processing tools. The variable speed problem is overcome : measures are sampled synchronously with the mechanical position or the rotating field position. The second approach is based on analytical redundancy tools for fault détection and localisation purpose. Extended state observers (extended Kalman filter, model référence adaptive system) are studied and tested experimentally. In order to carry out the fault isolation, unknown input observers are proposed. Approaches are introduced to constitute a global monitoring System combining the developed tools. Some are based on logicat combinations and others on neural networks
Moussa, Ali Abdouramane. "Diagnostic sans modèle a priori." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00604090.
Full textOumaamar, Mohamed El Kamel. "Surveillance et diagnostic des défauts rotoriques et mécaniques de la machine asynchrone avec alimentation équilibrée ou déséquilibrée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0022/document.
Full textThe research presented in this thesis concerns the diagnosis of rotor and mechanical defaults of the induction machine. First, there is provided a summary of the diagnostic methods supported by experiments with defects created in the rotor and stator of the asynchronous machine fed from the network. And in the same vein, an experimental study on the comparison in amplitude and phase signatures of defects in bar in the spectra between the stator current and neutral voltage was discussed. In a second step, the induction motor is fed by a converter mounted directly onto the motor. We introduced a new diagnostic technique based on spectral analysis of the currents of the network (upstream of the converter-machine). Finally, in order to simulate the behavior of the machine, it was necessary to develop an accurate model taking into account the space harmonics, and neutral voltage. To corroborate the frequency induced by rotor defects in the neutral voltage, a theoretical study was presented which gave interesting results
Ngo, Quoc Dung. "Diagnostic de systèmes hybrides incertains par génération automatique de relations de redondance analytique symboliques évaluées par approche ensembliste." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00830791.
Full textRoth, Sandrine. "Diagnostic d'une installation sidérurgique complexe : analyse de la ligne et proposition d'une architecture pour un système de diagnostic-supervision dédié." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10430.
Full textThe subject of this study is about a continuous galvanising line. The general objective of this work is the realisation of a default detection, diagnosis and operators assistance system. That kind of system is intended to the control and to the maintenance of the Sollac complex plant, in order to improve the production and the product quality and the productivity. At first, we have searched any interesting information about the galvanising line, to understand the functioning of each processes which are involved in the production of galvanised iron sheet. Then, the bibliographical analysis of knowledged based diagnosis methods (neural networks, expert systems, fuzzy logic, qualitative physics) is writen to find a strategy to supervise such a non linear multi-variable system. The model based methods are useless because of the lack of available models. The next stage concerned the mesurements collections. The measurements analysis results allow us to build a knowledge base with some defaults trees (defaults, causes and effects) and treatment rules. Then the supervision system architecture is defined. A multi-agent system is described to realise the whole monitoring system and a structure based on an object model is proposed to implement that system
Raison, Bertrand. "Détection et localisation de défaillances sur un entraînement électrique." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689856.
Full textFaure, Gaëlle. "Etude de défauts critiques des installations solaires thermiques de grande dimension : définition, modélisation et diagnostic." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT100/document.
Full textLarge scale solar systems at low and medium temperature (80-120 °C) can provide renewable and competititve energy to district heating and industrial processes. These systems, which are capital-intensive and have low operating costs, present a long-term return on investment. Automated monitoring and fault detection and diagnosis are key elements to guarantee optimal performances during all the lifespan of the plant.This dissertation aims to analyze of the main faults, in a detection and diagnosis purpose. First, an exhaustive study of the dysfunctions that can affect the large scale solar systems enabled to identify the more frequent and serious faults, also called critical faults. Among these critical faults, six were selected for a more detailed study.To analyze the behavior of the system subjected to the studied faults, a numerical model was implemented. A new flat plate thermal solar collector model was particularly developed as existing ones do not detail enough several physical characteristics required for the reproduction of faults. An experimental validation of this model in normal and faulty operation showed that it enables a simple fault modelling and presents a realistic behavior.A methodology to numerically analyze the impact of the faults on the system behavior is then proposed. A set of features enabling the characterizing of this behavior are particularly defined. This approach is applied first at the scale of directly affected component then at system scale. The results enable to identify detectable and isolable faults, but also to propose a reduced set of features sufficient to properly detect and diagnose them.This work presents a methodologic base and first results to develop an automated algorithm for detection and diagnosis of critical faults of a large scale thermal solar system
Diez, Lledo Eduard. "Diagnostic et pronostic de défaillances dans des composants d'un moteur d'avion." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/305/.
Full textIn Aeronautics engines and complementary equipments as regulators, actuators, sensors,. . . Are the most important. A preliminary study has shown that hydraulic actuators and lubrication system are among the most critical components. In the hydraulic system (turbines CFM56-7 Hispano-Suiza, Groupe Safran), the VSV actuator (Variable Stator Valve) and its regulation loop adapts the geometry of the engine to the particular situation with respect to the power demand during each flight phase. Another point of interest is the oil circuit for lubrication, this subsystem is critical. Diagnosis of the system is the main objective of our work, nevertheless prognostic is also proposed whenever periodic maintenance takes an important place for the full life of the system. The second objective of our study is to coordinate fault detection with prognostic, in order to propose an adaptive maintenance schedule for aircraft engines. The application of the tools developed, are applied on real size, in the framework of TATEM project
Philippe, Denis. "Contribution au développement de stratégies de diagnostic application a un train de laminage à chaud." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10350.
Full textOsorio, Gordillo Gloria Lilia. "Observateurs des systèmes singuliers incertains : application au contrôle et au diagnostic." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0103/document.
Full textIn this thesis the observer design for uncertain linear descriptor systems and their applications to control and fault diagnosis is studied. Descriptor systems can be considered as a generalization of dynamical systems. This class of systems include algebraic and differential equations. The observer used in this work has a new structure more general than those presented in the literature. The observer structure proposed has additional degrees of freedom, which provides it robustness in face to variations not considered in the model. The new observer structure used in this thesis, named as generalized dynamic observer (GDO), is designed for different classes of descriptor systems. The asymptotic stability of the observer is proved by Lyapunov analysis through a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). In all cases, the LMI obtained from the Lyapunov analysis is treated by the elimination lemma. The use of the elimination lemma is essential in the development of the stability analysis of the observers, since it allows to obtain the GDO structure. Proportional observers (PO) and proportional-integral observers (PIO) can be considered as particular cases of our observer. The thesis is organized as follows: In the general introduction, the problem formulation is presented, the objectives of the thesis are pointed out, the scope of the investigation and the main contributions are also presented. Chapter 1 introduces descriptor systems as the class of systems considered in this work and presents a review of the state of the art focused on the observers design for these systems. Also we introduce the GDO as an observer with structure more general than that of the PO and the PIO. Chapter 2 develops the GDO for descriptor systems with or without disturbances. Extension of these approaches for discrete-time descriptor systems with or without disturbances are also presented. In Chapter 3, the robust approach of the GDO is treated for parametric uncertain descriptor systems, where the uncertainty is bounded, and for linear parameter varying (LPV) descriptor systems, where the parameters vary inside a polytope. Chapter 4 presents the GDO application to observer-based control with the objective to stabilize descriptor systems that normally are unstable. An extension of this approach to disturbed descriptor systems is also developed. Chapter 5 presents the GDO application to fault diagnosis, which is divided in two parts. The first one is to detect and isolate faults by using a GDO that provides residuals that are able to represent only the presence of one fault, so that we can isolate multiple faults. And the second part is to estimate the faults by using a GDO with a modified structure. These approaches are developed for descriptor systems and for uncertain descriptor systems. The last part is dedicated to general conclusions and some perspectives
Al-Ahmar, Elie. "Comparaison de différentes méthodes avancées de traitement de signal pour la détection et le diagnostic de défauts dans les machines asynchrones : application aux éoliennes." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES2054.
Full textFault detection and diagnosis play a vital role in industry. In fact, they help invested capitals to earn production and availability points in the production process. The increasing interest of different industrial sectors and the research domain clearly show that fault detection and diagnosis is a very promising niche. In recent years, many techniques have been developed for detecting faults in electric machines; among them stator current-based signal processing techniques mainly for induction motors. This PhD thesis have been therefore focused on an analysis and then a comparison study of advanced signal processing techniques for fault detection and diagnosis in induction machines used in wind turbines. First a state of the art presenting different type of energies (fossils and renewable) allowed to highlight wind energy importance. Then, a brief presentation is given on main faults in induction machine-based wind turbines. This has allowed the introduction of different advanced signal processing techniques for a wind turbine application and therefore has highlighted the main limitations of the already used techniques for the motor application. Knowing the stator current nonstationary nature (wind turbine operation and fault occurrence), it has then be proceeded to test specific techniques such as time-frequency and wavelets, These techniques were then used to build-up a Matlab-Simulink®-based tool devoted to the condition monitoring of a wind turbine induction generator
Belard, Nuno. "Raisonnement sur les modèles : détection et isolation d'anomalies dans les systèmes de diagnostic." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1697/.
Full textIn Model-Based Diagnosis, a set of inference rules is typically used to compute diagnoses using a scientific and mathematical theory about a system under study and some observations. Contrary to the classical hypothesis, it is often the case that these Models are abnormal with respect to a series of required properties, hence affecting the quality of the computed diagnoses with possibly huge economical consequences, in particular at Airbus. A thesis on reality and cognition is firstly used to redefine the classic framework of model-based diagnosis from a formal model-theoretic perspective. This, in turn, enables the formalisation of abnormalities and of their relation with the properties diagnoses. With such material and the idea that an implemented diagnostic system can be seen a real-world artefact to be diagnosed, a theory of meta-diagnosis is developed, enabling the detection and isolation of abnormalities in Models of diagnostic systems and explanation in general. Such theory is then encoded in a tool, called MEDITO, and successfuly tested against Airbus real-world industrial problems. Moreover, as different heterogeneous implemented Airbus diagnostic systems, suffering from distinct abnormalities, may compute different diagnoses, methods and tools are developed for: 1) checking the consistency between subsystem-level diagnoses and 2) validating and comparing the performance of these diagnostic systems. Such work relies on an original bridge between the Airbus framework of diagnosis and its academic counterpart. Finally, meta-diagnosis is generalised to handle meta-systems other than implemented diagnostic systems
Simon, Pascal. "Détection robuste et précoce des pannes oscillatoires dans les systèmes de commandes de vol." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14377/document.
Full textThe research work done in this PhD has been caried out in the frame of an industrial convention (CIFRE) between the IMS laboratory and Airbus Operations S.A.S. The thesis deals with robust and early detection of oscillatory failures (OFC: Oscillatory Failure Case) in the Electrical Flight Control System. An oscillatory failure is an abnormal oscillation of a control surface due to component malfunction in control surface servoloops. OFCs have an influence on structural loads, aeroelasticity and controllability when located within the actuator bandwidth. The ability to detect these failures is very important because they have an impact on the structural design of the aircraft. Usual monitoring techniques cannot always guarantee to remain within an envelope with acceptable robustness. In this work, we develop a model based strategy to detect such failures with small amplitude at a very early stage. The monitoring strategy is based on dedicated non linear local filtering for on-line joint parameter/state estimation, allowing for model parameter variations during A/C flight. This strategy is associated with the same decision making rules as currently used for in-service Airbus A380. We propose a method for adjusting the tuning parameters so that various design goals and trades-off can be easily formulated and managed. The performance of the proposed fault detection scheme is measured by its detection delay, its propensity to issue false alarms and whether it permits a failure to go undetected. The proposed technique has been implemented and tested with success on Airbus test facilities including an A380 flight simulator
Tharrault, Yvon. "Diagnostic de fonctionnement par analyse en composantes principales : application à une station de traitement des eaux usées." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364698.
Full text1. Présence dans les données de valeurs aberrantes (valeurs obtenues durant des périodes de démarrage, d'arrêt, de fonctionnement dégradé, erreurs de mesure, ...) perturbant la construction d'un modèle ACP.
2. Présence de défauts multiples, ce qui entraîne une explosion combinatoire des scénarii de défauts à considérer.
Afin de résoudre le premier point, nous nous sommes intéressé aux variantes robustes de l'ACP. L'estimateur robuste MCD (Minimum Covariance Determinant), méthode de référence pour ses performances, nécessite un temps de calcul important, et une connaissance a priori de la quantité de valeurs aberrantes présente dans les données (inconnue). C'est la raison pour laquelle nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode robuste, basée sur l'utilisation de MM-estimateur, nommée MMRPCA (MM-estimator Robust Principal Component Analysis). Concernant le point 2, une méthode d'analyse du modèle en terme de capacité de détection et de localisation a été appliquée afin de réduire le nombre de défauts à considérer. Les différentes méthodes développées ont été menées avec succès afin de valider les mesures issues des différents capteurs de la station d'épuration des eaux usées.
Homssi, Louay. "Outils de modélisation, identification et traitement du signal pour le diagnostic des défauts dans les systèmes continus." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0017.
Full textLahyani, Amine. "Surveillance et diagnostic d'état des condensateurs électrolytiques dans les convertisseurs statiques." Lyon 1, 1998. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m61835qd.
Full textYahoui, Hamed. "Contribution à la surveillance et au diagnostic des machines électriques." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10179.
Full textCuevas, Salvatierra Mauricio Andrés. "Méthodes non-invasives de diagnostic de défauts et d'analyse thermique des machines synchrones à pôles saillants." Thesis, Artois, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ARTO0209/document.
Full textThis work aims to develop non-invasive monitoring techniques on AC rotating machines so that their implementation is easy in an industrial environment. For this purpose, two independent methods are described: a fault diagnosis in alternators connected to the local power gird and an exploratory study to evaluate the internal temperature of AC rotating machines.The first method relies on the analysis of two physical magnitudes: the stray magnetic field radiated outside from the external frame and the vibrations content of machine structure. Mathematical models have been developed in order to correlate magnetic and mechanical phenomena which occur in three different machine states: healthy and in two winding short-circuit faults both in the stator and in the rotor. These results were then validated experimentally in laboratory as well as on large machines in industrial environment. A first diagnostic prototype is presented capable to be implemented in industrial environment in order to detect short-circuit faults in larges alternators.In a second time, a temperature estimation method is proposed based on observations concerning variations in material characteristics of windings as temperature increases. Thus, the localizations of impedance resonant frequencies are impacted, which was verified experimentally as well.This thesis work allowed to verify diagnostic feasibility and on-line monitoring methods in rotating machines in a non-invasive way in industrial environments
Vela, Valdes Luis Gerardo. "Etude et élaboration d'une approche fonctionnelle pour la localisation de défauts en diagnostic : application à la simulation d'un moteur à courant continu." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10221.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with the development of a functional approach in the fault diagnostic field. This approach is based on the classIfication of knowledge about the system in order to detect and isolate faults with respect to the principal characteristics in the behavior of the system. The objective of this work is to end at a best knowledge specification and utilization of abilities and tools in order to increase the quantity of isolated faults. The functional approach in diagnostic is based on the function. This approach is used in order to isolate the faults that have same signatures. The principal characteristics of parity space, observers and parameter estimation are classified using an ontological model. The function, in the ontological model frame, let to interpret otherwise the knowledge contents in residuals and signatures. This interpretation is based on the definition and. Specification of a generic frame using a structural, behavioral and functional analysis of residual generation, residual evaluation and decision tasks. The proposed approach is used on a simulated application concerning a D. C. Motor in open and closed loop, in order to detect and isolate sensor, actuator and component faults which have the same signatures. The contribution of this work is placed on the intersection of two fields: artificial intelligence and automatic control
Rammal, Rim. "Caractérisation des sorties plates pour le diagnostic de systèmes entiers ou non entiers : application pour le diagnostic d’un système hydraulique et d’un système thermique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0021.
Full textThe differential flatness is a property of dynamic systems that allows the transformation of a very complex system into a simpler one called flat system. Roughly speaking, a dynamic system is said to be flat if, and only if, there exists a vector, called flat output vector and formed by the state and input variables, such that all the system states, inputs and outputs can be expressed in function of this new vector and its successive time derivatives. The differential flatness property has many applications in automatic control theory, such as trajectory planning, trajectory tracking and the designing of robust controllers. Moreover, the flatness property has recently entered the field of fault detection and isolation. In short, fault detection and isolation is a sub-domain of automatic control engineering that deals with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and determining the type of fault and its location. Fault detection is performed by analyzing the difference between sensor and actuator measurements and their expected values, derived from any model and called redundant values. It is common to say that an error is detected if the deviation or residue exceeds a certain predefined threshold. Fault isolation, in turn, must make it possible to locate the fault in the machine. The most recent method of fault detection and isolation, based on the flatness property, calculates redundant variables from the measurement of the flat output of the system and its successive time derivatives. Then, the residues are deduced from the difference between the measured variables and the redundant variables. Fault detection by this method is guaranteed. However, the use of a single flat output does not allow, in some cases, to isolate some faults. The idea proposed by the developers of the method was to use several flat outputs to increase the number of the residual signals, which would increase the chances of isolating more faults. However, it was also noticed that the choice of these flat outputs is not arbitrary. That is, there are flat outputs that, when used together, increase the isolability of faults and others that do not. One of the objectives of this manuscript is to characterize the flat outputs in order to obtain a better fault isolability. This characterization is then verified by simulations and experiments on a hydraulic system, the three-tank system.Over the last decade, numerous studies have shown that there are systems such as thermal systems, viscoelastic systems and chemical systems that can be modeled by fractional differential equations. Therefore, classical methods of fault detection and isolation, originally developed to deal with integer order systems, were not suitable for fractional order systems, and fault detection and isolation methods specific to fractional order systems had to be developed. A second objective of this manuscript is to extend the characterization of flat outputs, proposed for the class of integer order flat systems to the class of fractional order linear flat systems, and then to apply this characterization to the detection and isolation of faults that may appear on the sensors and actuators of these systems. The effectiveness of this characterization is also verified by simulations on a bi-dimensional thermal system
Nicolini, Claire. "Apprentissage et raisonnement à partir de cas pour l'aide au diagnostic de pannes dans une installation nucléaire." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS030.
Full textTrajin, Baptiste. "Analyse et traitement de grandeurs électriques pour la détection et le diagnostic de défauts mécaniques dans les entraînements asynchrones. Application à la surveillance des roulements à billes." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00554240.
Full textSene, Moustapha. "Contribution à la mise au point de techniques de détection et de diagnostic de défauts de roulements basées sur la tranformée en ondelettes et les réseaux de neurones artificiels." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120075.
Full textThis thesis concerns faults diagnosis based on analysis of mechanical vibrations. Detection and faults diagnosis are focused. Two computational techniques are used : wavelet transform for defect's detection and artificial neural networks for classification and diagnosis. Application of the studies concepts leads to early detection of unbalanced force defects and flaking paths defects of the outer ring of bearing. In this frame, classification approaches based on probability estimation and neural techniques (RBF, LVQ) have been implemented. Validation of these approaches is achieved using indicators (kurtosis, crest factor, root mean square, etc. ) extracted from the same vibratory signatures
Sapountzoglou, Nikolaos. "Détection et localisation des défauts dans les résaux de distribution basse ténsion en présence de production décentralisée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT083.
Full textNew smart meters, distributed generation, renewable energy sources and the concern about the environment are redefining the way to conceive and operate electrical grids. To take full advantage of the new electrical smart grids we need to monitor and protect them. The capability of self-healing is thus important in smart grids in order to ensure a proper behavior under faults and reduce power outage times. For this purpose, this thesis proposes three different methods of fault diagnosis for low voltage (LV) distribution grids and two methods of fault isolation for grid-connected photovoltaic systems (GCPVs).In electrical power distribution systems, faults are responsible for 80% of customer interruptions. While several fault location methods for distribution grids exist in the literature, the majority of them focuses on medium voltage grids and low fault resistance values that rarely surpass the 100 Ohms. Taking into account that distribution system operators usually rely on phone calls to detect and locate faults in LV grids, the need for fault detection and location techniques that cover these cases, i.e. large fault resistances and LV distribution grids, is evident.The three fault detection and location methods proposed in this thesis are:1.A conventional fault detection method based on overcurrent monitoring in combination with a method that uses sparse voltage measurements to build the voltage profile across the faulty branch for fault location.2.Gradient boosting trees(GBT), a method that has been proven to excel in many applications the last few years.3.Deep neural networks(DNN), a method that improve the traditional neural network architecture by taking advantage of an increased number of hidden layers.Simulations on a real semi-rural LV distribution grid of Portugal are performed to validate the results. A common case study is used to compare the three methods. The influencing parameters are: a) a big variety of fault resistance values (63,772 values between 1 and 1000 Ohms), b) nine different fault locations within each sector, c) two fault types (single phase to ground and three phase faults), d) a simultaneity factor of 0.5, e) a big spectrum of PV generation and load demand scenarios with 70,334 studied combinations and f) a 2% underestimation error in measurements.Overall, DNN are the most reliable solution demonstrating a 100% accuracy in fault detection and an average of 12% of error in distance estimation. Moreover, under the minimum available measurements (on at the beginning of the feeder and one at each terminal node) case their accuracy is decreased by only 4.5%.At the same time, faults in PV generators, present an increased interest as well. A big variety of faults can occur in a PV power plant. Based on their location faults can appear: a) in the PV array, b) in the power converters, c) on the dc bus and d) in the grid side. The development of fast, efficient and reliable fault detection and isolation methods for GCPVs, capable of dealing with the different types of faults, is a recognized necessity from the scientific community and a prerequisite for their integration in the smart grids.So far, to the author’s knowledge, no research has been found to monitor the GCPV as a complete system, i.e. isolating faults in every part of the plant with a single method. For this reason, two algorithms based on a signal approach are proposed as a fault isolation strategy. They use current and voltage measurements at the output of the inverter, examining faults occurring on all four of the aforementioned possible locations. The choice of the output of the inverter, i.e. the point of common coupling, as the monitoring source of the status of the GCPV system is in accordance with the location of voltage sensors used in the previous case of fault location methods in the LV distribution grid. Finally, the proposed algorithms achieve an isolation of 15 out of the 19 studied faults cases in less than 100 ms
Heim, Bruno. "Approche ensembliste et par logique floue pour le diagnostic causal de procédés de raffinage : application à un pilote de FCC." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00197531.
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