Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection des dommages structurels'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 18 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Détection des dommages structurels.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Li, Xiaolin. "Numerical study to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of particle swarm optimization for structural damage detection of a cantilever beam." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ISAB0010.
Full textVibration-based based structural damage detection (SDD) is a typical inverse optimization problem. While the particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been used numerically or experimentally to solve this problem due to its simple concept, fast convergence, and few tuning parameters. However, there are still some drawbacks, such as premature convergence, time consumption, and inconsistent performance, which can deteriorate its damage detection results. This manuscript aims to improve the effectiveness and accuracy of particle swarm optimization (PSO) for structural damage detection (SDD). The main contributions can be summarized in three aspects. First, the two critical factors, fitness function and topology structure, which have significant impacts on the performance of the PSO in SDD, are investigated separately. Their respective simulation results in SDD of a cantilever beam verified that the ECBI-based fitness function is more favorable; the Four Cluster topology provides the best overall performance. Second, a multi-component framework is constructed and improved by combining several different PSO variants, allowing the particles to follow different search strategies in the optimization so that the advantages of each PSO variant can be exploited. In the improved version, the particles can self-regulate their search behavior based on their successful update rate in memory. Simulation results on multi-damage detection cases of the cantilever beam demonstrated the effectiveness of the framework and the superiority of the improved version. Thirdly, a two-stage approach that allows damage localization and quantification to be carried out separately was developed to address the time-consuming problem of PSO. Simulation results show that the proposed two-stage method provides faster convergence, less computation time, and better noise tolerance
Laya, Enrique J. "Système de surveillance pour la détection du dommage de fatigue cumulée dans les structures offshore en acier." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECAP0048.
Full textPaget, Christophe. "Active Health Monitoring of Aerospace Composite Structures by Embedded Piezoceramic Transducers." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Aeronautical Engineering, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3277.
Full textThe objectives of the thesis work were to study theinteraction between embedded piezoceramic transducers andcomposite structures as well as determine techniques tosimplify the Lamb waves analysis. Firstly, this studyconsidered the design of the embedded piezoceramic transducers.Secondly, the effect of the embedded transducer on thecomposite strength as well as the influence of the mechanicallyloaded composite on the characteristics of the embeddedtransducer were investigated. Finally, to simplify the analysisof such complex Lamb wave responses, two techniques weredeveloped. They were based on the wavelet technique and amodelling technique, respectively.
The design of the embedded piezoceramic transducers wasimproved by reducing the stress concentrations in the compositeas well as in all components constituting the piezoceramictransducer, that is, the piezoceramic element, interconnectorand conductive adhesive. The numerical analysis showed that thethickness of the interconnector had no significant influence onthe stress state of the piezoceramic transducer. It was alsofound that a compliant conductive adhesive reduced the stressconcentration located at the edge of the piezoceramic element.The structural integrity of composites embedded with theimproved piezoceramic transducer was investigated. Theexperiments, performed in tensile and compressive staticloading, indicated that the strength of the composite was notsignificantly reduced by the embedded piezoceramic transducer.Further investigations were conducted to evaluate theperformance of the improved piezoceramic transducer used as aLamb wave generator embedded in composites subjected tomechanical loading. The tests were conducted in tensile andcompressive static loading as well as fatigue loading. Thestudy showed a large working range of the embedded piezoceramictransducer. A post processing technique based on the waveletswas further assessed in the detection of damage and in thedamage size evaluation. A new wavelet basis was developedspecially for processing the Lamb wave response. This method,focused on the wavelet coefficients from the decomposition Lambwave response, showed promising results in evaluating thedamage size. The wavelets offered a sensitive tool to detectsmall damage, compared to other detection methods, improvingthe damage detection capabilities. The other technique wasdevoted to the simplification of the generated Lamb waves bythe use of multi-element transducers. The transducers weredesigned using both a normal-mode expansion and a FE-method.This technique allowed reducing the effect of a Lamb wave modetowards another. This technique was successfully implemented ina damage detection system in composites.
Keywords:Embedded piezoceramic, transducer, composite,structural integrity, health monitoring, damage detection, Lambwaves, wavelets, normal-mode expansion, FE-method
Demattei, Christophe. "Détection d'agrégats temporels et spatiaux." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134491.
Full textNous proposons une revue des méthodes existantes ainsi que notre contribution dans différentes directions. Deux approches sont proposées dans le cadre temporel permettant pour l'une d'éviter l'utilisation de simulations et pour l'autre de prendre en compte les données dont l'information temporelle est incomplète. Nous avons également mis au point une méthode de détection de clusters spatiaux de forme arbitraire permettant d'analyser des données dont on connaît la localisation géographique exacte. Cette approche a été appliquée sur des données particulières, celles obtenues par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle. Les perspectives d'analyse spatio-temporelle sont finalement évoquées.
Fouquet, Clément. "Aide à la détection et à la reconnaissance de défauts structurels dans les pipelines par analyse automatique des images XtraSonic." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0729/document.
Full textTRAPIL is a French society who is in charge of exploitation and maintenance of oil pipelines. Maintenance of buried pipeline implies the use of ultrasonic sensor-equipped devices, providing thickness and structural maps of the pipe, which are analysed by experts in order to detect and identify defects that may appear or evolve.The objective of this work is to provide an algoritmic solution allowing to accelerate and aid the experts's work with modern image and signal processing methods.Our approach follows the experts's operating mode and is divided in three sections.First, a weld detection is realized allowing to split the pipe in tubes. The signals of probes representing the circumference of the pipe are regrouped and compressed through an abrupt change detection, using short and long-term average comparison, then the resulting signals are merged using a unique weightening function allowing a massive increase of the contrast between welds and noise, offering near-perfect detection and localization.The tubes then undergoes a first segmentation aiming at eliminating a large amount of sane pixels. Using histogram modelization through an EM algorithm tuned specially for our purpose, the algorithm follows a recursive approach comparable to split and merge methods to detect and isolate dangerous areas.Finally, those dangerous areas are identified with a Random Forest, which has been learnt on a large amount of defect examples. This third part is greatly focused on the study of different pattern recognition methods applied on our new problematic.Through those different steps, the solution we brought allows TRAPIL to save a lot of time on the most tedious tasks of the analysis process (for example 30% of gain in processing time for the weld detection) and offers new commercial possibilities, like for example the possibility to provide their clients a first report in a matter of days, while the manual analysis is completed, which can take more than a month
MEYER, Vincent. "Détection d'homologies lointaines à faibles identités de séquences : Application aux protéines de la signalisation des dommages de l'ADN." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361212.
Full textMeyer, Vincent. "Détection d'homologies lointaines à faibles identités de séquences : Application aux protéines de la signalisation des dommages de l'ADN." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077021.
Full textThe aim of my PhD thesis lay in the development of a new automatic approach for efficiently detecting remote homologues lost in the non significant output of PSI-BLAST program. My strategy is based on a two steps procedure : first, we take advantage of secondary structure predictions, second, based on the recent development of highly sensitive profil/profil comparison method. The method was initially calibrated on a sequence database. This database gathers sequences of domains whose structures so that effective existence of remote homologies could be controlled. This step was essential to deduce the optimal thresholds leading to the best detection capabilities for a semi-automatic use of the program. In a second step, the method was tested on a set of 100 protein sequences involved in DNA damage signalling and repair. Through various examples, we show the potentialities of the developed program for the large scale analysis of remote homologies in protein sequences. In particular, my work stimulated a new hypothesis for the understanding of the defects observed in a rare disease, the Nijmejen breakage syndrome, brought about by a mutation in the Nbs1 gene
André, Gilles. "La détection et la cartographie des dommages et des marqueurs de catastrophes naturelles par imagerie spatiale optique et radar." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070057.
Full textThe aim of our research is to study the potentialities and the limits of spatial imagery for the detection of damages after major natural hazard. In order to realize this work, we have studied several examples such as Izmit (1999) and Bhuj (2001) earthquakes, flood of the river Aude (1999), mud flow in Venezuela (1999), and the hurricane and flood in Madagascar and Mozambique (2000). In this work, we have studied and applied the more efficient image treatments for the damages detection, and we have also adapted and developed new methods such as the morphological anomalies recognition for the damages assessment and mapping. Our researches permit us to conclude on the potentialities and limits of each kind of special data. First, we have noted that radar imagery is unavailable for the detection of building damage levels after an earthquake. Only the optical data, at medium and high resolution permit to detect several levels of damage using a multitemporal analysis or morphological approach. Concerning the detection of damages after flood or mud flow, we have observed that results depend more on the geographic and meteorological situation than on the type of spatial data used. A compared study of different approaches on the same case has shown the great variabilty of the result depending on the methodology used. It doesn't seem to have a single and general method for the damages detection
Blazere, Melanie. "Inférence statistique en grande dimension pour des modèles structurels. Modèles linéaires généralisés parcimonieux, méthode PLS et polynômes orthogonaux et détection de communautés dans des graphes." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0018/document.
Full textThis thesis falls within the context of high-dimensional data analysis. Nowadays we have access to an increasing amount of information. The major challenge relies on our ability to explore a huge amount of data and to infer their dependency structures.The purpose of this thesis is to study and provide theoretical guarantees to some specific methods that aim at estimating dependency structures for high-dimensional data. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the study of sparse models through Lasso-type methods. In Chapter 1, we present the main results on this topic and then we generalize the Gaussian case to any distribution from the exponential family. The major contribution to this field is presented in Chapter 2 and consists in oracle inequalities for a Group Lasso procedure applied to generalized linear models. These results show that this estimator achieves good performances under some specific conditions on the model. We illustrate this part by considering the case of the Poisson model. The second part concerns linear regression in high dimension but the sparsity assumptions is replaced by a low dimensional structure underlying the data. We focus in particular on the PLS method that attempts to find an optimal decomposition of the predictors given a response. We recall the main idea in Chapter 3. The major contribution to this part consists in a new explicit analytical expression of the dependency structure that links the predictors to the response. The next two chapters illustrate the power of this formula by emphasising new theoretical results for PLS. The third and last part is dedicated to graphs modelling and especially to community detection. After presenting the main trends on this topic, we draw our attention to Spectral Clustering that allows to cluster nodes of a graph with respect to a similarity matrix. In this thesis, we suggest an alternative to this method by considering a $l_1$ penalty. We illustrate this method through simulations
Kaddoum, Lara. "La protéine MeCP2 : étude de son implication dans la réponse aux dommages à l'ADN et développement de nouveaux outils pour sa détection." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1683/.
Full textRett syndrome is a severe and progressive X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1/10000 female birth. RTT is caused by mutations in the mecp2 gene, encoding the Methyl CpG binding Protein 2. MeCP2 binds to methylated DNA and has several roles in: transcription activation or repression, chromatin remodeling, alternative splicing of mRNA. . . Initially, my thesis project was to explore the hypothesis that MeCP2 may be able to transfer between cells. My results suggest that this phenomenon appears after cell fixation with acetone and doesn't occur in vivo. This work, however, allowed us to develop a new staining method to detect and localize proteins in mammalian cells using the split-GFP system. Within the frame of this project, I have also produced antibodies specific for each of the two MeCP2 isoforms. These novel antibodies should prove to be interesting tools to understand the role of each isoform in the pathology of Rett syndrome. More recently, my work was focalized on the relationship between MeCP2 and DNA damage. I was able to show that MeCP2 accumulates on DNA damage. Future work will be aimed at understanding the mechanisms involved in this newly uncovered function of MeCP2, and will hopefully improve our understanding of Rett syndrome pathogenesis
Deroche, Madeleine-Sophie. "Détection à court-terme et long-terme des tempêtes hivernales à fort potentiel d'impact." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066578.pdf.
Full textThe research carried out during the PhD deals with winter windstorms with high economic damage potential in Europe and can be divided in two parts. The first part aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on European winter windstorms and relies on datasets covering long periods of time (>30 years) either in the past or in the future. The objective of the second part is to forecast potential losses and claims associated with an upcoming extreme windstorm by using forecast data updated every six hours. The overall objective of the first part is to provide a medium-term view of what could be the winter windstorms in Europe during the 21st century. It thus completes the short-term vision of the risk given by the Catastrophe Models used by the (re)insurers to assess the cost of the risk on their portfolio. A new methodology has been developed to define the damage potential associated with European winter windstorms. The novelty of the methodology relies in the use of several variables capturing different spatiotemporal scales and the coupling that exists between variables during the cyclogenesis. Seeking for events sharing a similar intense signature simultaneously in the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the mean sea level pressure and the surface wind speed lead to the detection of a small group of events. Comparing the number of events that belong to this group and their intensity in reanalysis datasets and different simulations of the future climate can provide enough information to insurance companies on the potential evolution of this hazard in a future climate. A first paper on the methodology has been accepted in the journal of Natural Hazard and Earth Science System.The methodology has been applied to the datasets provided by Global Climate Models (GCM) participating to the CMIP5 project. The goal is to assess the ability of GCMs to reproduce winter windstorms in Europe and the potential impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of such events. A second paper presenting the results obtained from this second study will be submitted.The second part of the PhD focuses on the project Severe WIndstorms Forecasting Tool (SWIFT). The objective is to develop an early warning tool that detects an upcoming winter windstorms in meteorological forecasts updated every six hours and provides interested AXA entities with an alert on the upcoming windstorm as well as an estimate of the potential losses and claims.The tool has been developed in parallel of the research project and consists in two modules. In the first module, particularly intense systems are detected in meteorological forecasts and the associated gust footprint is extracted. In the second module, wind speeds are translated into a loss and a number of claims thanks to vulnerability curves. When a system is detected, an alert is sent with the appropriate information on the event propagation and the associated loss. The tool has been running automatically for the 2013 – 2014 winter season and detected most of the events that passed over Europe
Godard, Thierry. "Dommages à l'ADN et test des comètes : application à la détection de l'apoptose in vitro et à l'identification in vivo des organes cibles de produits génotoxiques." Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN4061.
Full textPoulain, d'Andecy Vincent. "Système à connaissance incrémentale pour la compréhension de document et la détection de fraude." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LAROS025.
Full textThe Document Understanding is the Artificial Intelligence ability for machines to Read documents. In a global vision, it aims the understanding of the document function, the document class, and in a more local vision, it aims the understanding of some specific details like entities. The scientific challenge is to recognize more than 90% of the data. While the industrial challenge requires this performance with the least human effort to train the machine. This thesis defends that Incremental Learning methods can cope with both challenges. The proposals enable an efficient iterative training with very few document samples. For the classification task, we demonstrate (1) the continue learning of textual descriptors, (2) the benefit of the discourse sequence, (3) the benefit of integrating a Souvenir of few samples in the knowledge model. For the data extraction task, we demonstrate an iterative structural model, based on a star-graph representation, which is enhanced by the embedding of few a priori knowledges. Aware about economic and societal impacts because the document fraud, this thesis deals with this issue too. Our modest contribution is only to study the different fraud categories to open further research. This research work has been done in a non-classic framework, in conjunction of industrial activities for Yooz and collaborative research projects like the FEDER Securdoc project supported by la région Nouvelle Aquitaine, and the Labcom IDEAS supported by the ANR
Deroche, Madeleine-Sophie. "Détection à court-terme et long-terme des tempêtes hivernales à fort potentiel d'impact." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066578/document.
Full textThe research carried out during the PhD deals with winter windstorms with high economic damage potential in Europe and can be divided in two parts. The first part aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on European winter windstorms and relies on datasets covering long periods of time (>30 years) either in the past or in the future. The objective of the second part is to forecast potential losses and claims associated with an upcoming extreme windstorm by using forecast data updated every six hours. The overall objective of the first part is to provide a medium-term view of what could be the winter windstorms in Europe during the 21st century. It thus completes the short-term vision of the risk given by the Catastrophe Models used by the (re)insurers to assess the cost of the risk on their portfolio. A new methodology has been developed to define the damage potential associated with European winter windstorms. The novelty of the methodology relies in the use of several variables capturing different spatiotemporal scales and the coupling that exists between variables during the cyclogenesis. Seeking for events sharing a similar intense signature simultaneously in the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the mean sea level pressure and the surface wind speed lead to the detection of a small group of events. Comparing the number of events that belong to this group and their intensity in reanalysis datasets and different simulations of the future climate can provide enough information to insurance companies on the potential evolution of this hazard in a future climate. A first paper on the methodology has been accepted in the journal of Natural Hazard and Earth Science System.The methodology has been applied to the datasets provided by Global Climate Models (GCM) participating to the CMIP5 project. The goal is to assess the ability of GCMs to reproduce winter windstorms in Europe and the potential impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of such events. A second paper presenting the results obtained from this second study will be submitted.The second part of the PhD focuses on the project Severe WIndstorms Forecasting Tool (SWIFT). The objective is to develop an early warning tool that detects an upcoming winter windstorms in meteorological forecasts updated every six hours and provides interested AXA entities with an alert on the upcoming windstorm as well as an estimate of the potential losses and claims.The tool has been developed in parallel of the research project and consists in two modules. In the first module, particularly intense systems are detected in meteorological forecasts and the associated gust footprint is extracted. In the second module, wind speeds are translated into a loss and a number of claims thanks to vulnerability curves. When a system is detected, an alert is sent with the appropriate information on the event propagation and the associated loss. The tool has been running automatically for the 2013 – 2014 winter season and detected most of the events that passed over Europe
Vincent, Rémy. "Identification passive en acoustique : estimateurs et applications au SHM." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT020/document.
Full textWard identity is a relationship that enables damped linear system identification, ie the estimation its caracteristic properties. This identity is used to provide new observation models that are available in an estimation context where sources are uncontrolled by the user. An estimation and detection theory is derived from these models and various performances studies areconducted for several estimators. The reach of the proposed methods is extended to Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), that aims at measuring and tracking the health of buildings, such as a bridge or a sky-scraper for instance. The acoustic modality is chosen as it provides complementary parameters estimation to the state of the art in SHM, such as structural and geometrical parameters recovery. Some scenarios are experimentally illustrated by using the developed algorithms, adapted to fit the constrains set by embedded computation on anautonomous sensor network
Vianna, François. "Micro-irradiation ciblée par faisceau d'ions pour la radiobiologie in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0030/document.
Full textThe main goal of radiobiology is to understand the effects of ionizing radiations on the living.These past decades, ion microbeams have shown to be important tools to study for example the effects oflow dose exposure, or the bystander effect. Since 2003, the CENBG has been equipped with a system toperform targeted micro-irradiation of living samples. Recently, microbeams applications on this subjecthave diversified and the study of DNA repair mechanisms at the cellular and multicellular scales, in vitroand in vivo, has become possible thanks to important evolutions of fluorescence imaging techniques andcellular biology. To take into account these new approaches, the CENBG micro-irradiation beamline hasbeen entirely redesigned and rebuilt to implement new features and to improve the existing ones. My PhDobjectives were i) commissioning the facility, ii) characterizing the system on track etch detectors, and onliving samples, iii) implementing protocols to perform targeted irradiations of living samples with a controlleddelivered dose, at the cellular and multicellular scales, and to visualize the early consequencesonline, iv) modelling these irradiations to explain the biological results using the calculated physical data.The work of these past years has allowed us i) to measure the performances of our system: a beam spotsize of about 2 μm and a targeting accuracy of ± 2 μm, and to develop ion detection systems for an absolutedelivered dose control, ii) to create highly localized radiation-induced DNA damages and to see onlinethe recruitment of DNA repair proteins, iii) to apply these protocols to generate radiation-induced DNAdamages in vivo inside a multicellular organism at the embryonic stage: Caenorhabditis elegans.These results have opened up many perspectives on the study of the interaction between ionizing radiationsand the living, at the cellular and multicellular scales, in vitro and in vivo
Oberoi, Kamaldeep Singh. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle du trafic routier en milieu urbain." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR075/document.
Full textFor past several decades, researchers have been interested in understanding traffic evolution, hence, have proposed various traffic models to identify bottleneck locations where traffic congestion occurs, to detect traffic patterns, to predict traffic states etc. Most of the existing models consider traffic as many-particle system, describe it using different scales of representation and explain its evolution quantitatively by deducing relations between traffic variables like flow, density and speed. Such models are mainly focused on computing precise information about traffic using acquired traffic data. However, computation of such precise information requires more processing resources. A way to remedy this problem is to consider traffic evolution in qualitative terms which reduces the required number of processing resources. Since traffic is spatio-temporal in nature, the models which deal with spatio-temporal phenomenon can be applied in case of traffic. Such models represent spatio-temporal phenomenon from qualitative as well as quantitative standpoints. Depending on the intended application, some models are able to differentiate between various entities taking part in the phenomenon, which proves useful in case of traffic since different objects like vehicles, buildings, pedestrians, bicycles etc., directly affecting traffic evolution, can be included in traffic models. Qualitative spatio-temporal models consider the effects of different entities on each other in terms of spatial relations between them and spatio-temporal evolution of the modeled phenomenon is described in terms of variation in such relations over time. Considering different traffic constituents and spatial relations between them leads to the formation of a structure which can be abstracted using graph, whose nodes represent individual constituents and edges represent the corresponding spatial relations. As a result, the evolution of traffic, represented using graph, is described in terms of evolution of the graph itself, i. e. change in graph structure and attributes of nodes and edges, with time. In this thesis, we propose such a graph model to represent traffic. As mentioned above, one of the applications of existing traffic models is in detecting traffic patterns. However, since such models consider traffic quantitatively, in terms of acquired traffic data, the patterns detected using such models are statistical (a term employed by Pattern Recognition researchers) in the sense that they are represented using numerical description. Since graph-based traffic model proposed in this thesis represents the structure of traffic, it can be employed to redefine the meaning of traffic patterns from statistical to structural (also a term from Pattern Recognition community). Structural traffic patterns include different traffic constituents and their inter-links and are represented using time-varying graphs. An algorithm to detect a given structural traffic pattern in the spatio-temporal graph representing traffic is proposed in this thesis. It formalizes this problem as subgraph isomorphism for time-varying graphs. In the end, the performance of the algorithm is tested using various graph parameters
Lebel, Céline. "Effets de rayonnement sur les détecteurs au silicium à pixels du détecteur ATLAS." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6412.
Full text