Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection de voies'
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Dumery, Natalie. "Essai d'application de la thermographie infrarouge à la détection de défauts dans les remblais ferroviaires." Paris, Ecole des mines, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0012.
Full textJorand, Raphaël. "Amélioration des voies de détection et d'illumination d'un microscope SPIM pour l'imagerie 3D des sphéroïdes." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2267/.
Full textThe aim of our thesis work was to improve spheroid imaging quality focusing on the study and development of both illumination and detection path of the SPIM. This work shows the possibility to improve deep image quality by using an adaptive optics loop consisting of a deformable mirror and a Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor. In order to work, the loop needs fluorescent source points known as "guide stars", which was also a part of our study. Furthermore, we have also compared different light sheet illumination modalities (1 photon versus 2 photons, Gaussian beam or Bessel beam. . . ) as well as developing an automated and standardized image analysis procedure
Ladeira, costa claudio Nuno filipe. "GADD34 : Lien moléculaire entre la détection des pathogènes et les voies intégrées de réponses au stress." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4025/document.
Full textDendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen presenting cells. In response to inflammatory stimulation, DCs display a distinct pattern of differentiation that exhibits specific mechanisms to control the immune response. In this work the responses to dsRNA were analyzed. We have shown that in response to a mimic of dsRNA, polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C), DCs mount a specific integrated stress response during which the transcription factor ATF4 and the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein 34 (GADD34), a phosphatase 1 (PP1) cofactor, are expressed. GADD34 is important to counteract phosphorylation of eIF2α by PKR. In contrast to murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), DCs resist to protein synthesis inhibition induced in response to cytosolic dsRNA. Nevertheless, GADD34 expression does not have a major impact on global protein synthesis. Importantly, GADD34 was shown to be absolutely required for type I-IFN and IL-6 production by MEFs and DCs in response to dsRNA. This observation has important implications in linking pathogen detection with the integrated stress response pathways. The importance of this link is further underlined by the extreme susceptibility of GADD34-deficient fibroblasts and neonate mice to Chikungunya virus infection
Vila, Nova Meryl. "Détection et identification des mutations et des voies métaboliques associées à l'adaptation à l'hôte dans le pangénome de Salmonella." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0057.
Full textThe evolution of the genus Salmonella has led to the appearance of species and sub-lineages adapted to different hosts that have a major role in understanding the biological mechanisms of bacterial adaptation. Due to the heavy health and socio-economic burden of salmonellosis, the genus Salmonella is therefore controlled by hospital and food safety laboratories. We have therefore developed two analytical approaches to detect and identify mutations associated with Salmonella host adaptation without a priori on the explanatory genomic elements, identifying the fixed coregenome variants at each node of the phylogenomic inference or identifying pangenomic mutations associated with host adaptation independently of considered bacterial sublineages (GWAS). These two approaches have been linked to the enrichment of corresponding metabolic pathways (GOEA). Because of selection pressures from natural environment of animals, their feeding diets or supplements administered by humans, our results show that the host adaptation of Salmonella may have occurred inside sublineages or between them. These results reinforce the necessity to integrate clonal and panmictic sublineages in order to identify causal mutations associated with host adaptation. In a context of FBO control throughout the food chain, the identification of its recent mutations would improve the attribution models of Salmonella animals’sources and confirm the results of FBO investigations at genomic scale
Mroué, Ali. "Etude et évaluation d'un système multi-radars monostatiques ultra large bande : application à la détection et à l'identification de chutes sur les voies ferroviaires." Valenciennes, 2010. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f81c9e2d-8748-4721-9c7c-12dcf60ce0fc.
Full textThis thesis presents the development of an Ultra Wide Band monostatic multi-radar sys- tem developed along a single axis. This system aims to detect and identify targets along its axis. The considered field of application is to detect and identify fall on track objects in order to enhance guided transport passenger safety. The main objective of this work is to study the different radiofrequency and signal processing subsets in order to validate the feasibility of the whole system. Simulation and expe- rimentations are performed. A slotted waveguide operated in its fundamental mode is used. Slots close to resonance are periodically perforated and constitute the monostatic radars. An optimal bandwidth and constant radiation coverage along the railway is then optimized. The singularity expansion method (SEM) is used and the characterization of objects fallen onto the track is performed. Complex natural resonances are computed and measured and then saved into a library for further use in a specific discrimination process. Using both numerical simulations and experimental results, the discrimination process shows that the human body is well discriminated as well as other typical objects (suitcases. . . ). In conclusion, this work has led to significant advances in object detection and identification in the railway field, and could have some fallout in other fields such as detection of liquids in the passenger luggage in the airport or detection and identification of intrusions in complex environments
Kassab, Souha. "Formation de voies vibroacoustique pour la détection d'une source monopolaire dans une coque cylindrique remplie de fluide lourd : Développements numériques et expérimentaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI047/document.
Full textThe safety of nuclear reactors represents a necessary and vital condition for the exploitation of nuclear plants with liquid-cooled cores. This safety passes by the ability to detect and anticipate the earliest stages of a water leak into sodium within the heat generator. The study detailed in this manuscript has been initiated in a framework aiming to develop nonintrusive detection techniques for sodium water chemical reactions. Its main goal is to uncover the signal of a water leak into sodium, based on the measurements of the vibratory field recorded by the means of accelerometers externally mounted on the heat generator shell. However, such a spectrum is masked by the plant general background noise, especially that generated by heavy fluid flow (i.e. sodium flow) during actual operating times of the power plant. In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the leak, beamforming technique for the acceleration measurements of the mechanical system is considered. The aforementioned system is characterized by a strong non-linear coupling between the the heat generator’s cylindrical shell and the heavy fluid in motion. In particular, fluid motion and the acoustic emission of the leak seem to excite some eigen modes of the cylinder, at these same frequencies where the acoustic signature of the leak is at its highest amplitude. For the purpose of our study, a cylindrical mock-up connected by some very rigid links to a hydraulic circuit is considered. A hydrophone emission excites the mock-up from within and is being accounted for the acoustic leak. Water flows inside the cylinder at turbulent Reynolds number. An array of twenty-five accelerometers is mounted on the mock-up shell using ceramic insulators. The main goal is to combine the twenty-five signals in such a way that allows the increase of the SNR for the acoustic source while rejecting water flow noise. Two beamforming techniques are applied and compared: classical Bartlett beamforming as well as optimized beamforming for SNR maximization (Max SN
Guillet, Julie. "Les papillomavirus Humains dans les cancers des Voies Aéro-Digestives Supérieures : optimisation de méthodes de détection et étude de populations à risque." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0050/document.
Full textThe Human Papillomavirus (HPV) are involved in almost 100% of cervical cancers. Recently, HPVs have been recognized as the cause of tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, especially of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx. In France, the proportion of oropharyngeal HPV-related tumors is unknown, partly because viral testing is not in guidelines. Moreover, assess the proportion of HPV-positive tumors in tumor banks is difficult because the tumor samples were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin (FFPE), which complicates detection techniques. We tested a high risk HPV detection method, indicated for liquid based pap smear, on FFPE samples. We compared this technique to the gold-standard : PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) followed by electrophoresis. Our results indicate that this technique is applicable to FFPE samples and even appears to be more sensitive. The majority of French patients (2/3) with head and neck consult with an advanced stage of disease. This is explained in part by the lack of organized screening of these cancers, contrary to breast, prostate, cervical, or colorectal cancers. But an early treatment is essential to increase the survival rate. We therefore conducted a prospective study on patients with head and neck tumors to test the oral brushing as screening cancer and HPV detection. We found tumor and/or dystrophic cells in 97.8% of patients with biopsy, and in 88.9% of patients by brushing. Compared with biopsy, our results suggested that smear has similar specificity for HPV detection in tumors (94.4%), but lower sensitivity (66.7%). This study has shown an HPV-related tumor in 12.2% of cases. Among them, we detected by brushing (in healthy area) an oral infection by high-risk HPV in 53.3% of cases. WHO has classified HPV as carcinogenic agents since 1995, and determined that patients who developed cervical cancer are six-times more likely to develop another HPV-related tumor. In this context, we have planned a multicenter prospective study to detect oral HPV infection in patients with a pre-neoplastic or neoplastic lesion of the cervix. Co-infection rate of the two anatomical sites is unknown in women infected with genital level. Insofar oral infection could be the cause of a second tumor location, it seems important to know how much women are co-infected to propose thereafter a special monitoring. The preventive vaccination, which exists against HPV 16 and 18 in the prevention of cervical cancer, is a future perspective. Because HPV 16 is found in 90% of HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, extending vaccine recommendations emerge as a new public health issue
Tahri, Tarik. "Systèmes radars coopératifs multimodes pour la détection, l'identification des obstacles sur les voies, la localisation et la transmission de données trains-infrastructures." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0024/document.
Full textTelecommunication in railway land is in perpetual evolution, its investigation axes are mainly motivated by a growing need in term of data rates, quality of transmission, accuracy and reliability of the localization, but it remains slowed by a frequentiel environment, which is increasingly crowded. In this context, the design of a system that ensure in same time, localization, obstacles recognition and communication, seems a very critical. In this thesis, to design such a sensor, we propose the use of so-called spectral diversity techniques also found under the name of Ultra Wideband radio (UWB). To separate localization signal and communication signal and to increase communication data rate, several multiplexing techniques based on the principle of multiple modulation techniques and multiple access such as PPM, the OAM, the 2πM, and DS-CDMA have been developed. Theoretical studies combined with simulations were performed to evaluate and compare these techniques in term of binary error rate and data rate communication. Theoretical results and simulations of the proposed system have been validated by experiments conducted in a real environment
Bouchet, Aurélie. "Synthèse et propriétés d'une nouvelle famille de dérivés pyrrole-ferrocène hydrophiles : élaboration d'une biopuce de multi-détection sans marquage par des voies électrochimiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10268.
Full textNew electrochemical biosensors for the detection of nucleic acids and antibodies are described in this work. Water-soluble pyrrole-ferrocene monomers were synthesized and efficiently co-electropolymerized with pyrrole monomers bearing either nucleic acids or peptides. Electrochemical studies were carried out onto innovative miniaturized graphite microelectrode arrays in aqueous solution. The multi-electrode device allowed to develop a multi-detection assay by the use of our strategy. The obtained polymers showed good electrochemical properties. When investigated as potential new DNA sensor, our system specifically correlated hybridization with concomitant strong decrease in ferrocene oxidation peak intensity. A low detection threshold of 100 pM DNA targets in 30 µL of sample was reached. Preliminary studies allowed us to detect specific peptide-antibody interactions using the same methodology
Moro, Clément. "Localisation de sources sonores par techniques d’antennes en milieu réverbérant." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6616.
Full textMoriot, Jérémy. "Détection vibro-acoustique passive d’une réaction sodium-eau par formation de voies dans un générateur de vapeur d’un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0151/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with a new method to detect a sodium-water reaction in a steam generator of a fast sodium-cooled nuclear reactor. More precisely, the objective is to detect a micro-leak of water (flow < 1 g/s) in less than 10 seconds by measuring the external shell vibrations of the component. The strong background noise in operation makes impossible the use of a detection system based on a threshold overrun. A beamforming method applied to vibrations measured by a linear array of accelerometers is developed in this thesis to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to detect and locate the leak in the steam generator. A numerical study is first realized. Two models are developed in order to simulate the signals measured by the accelerometers of the array. The performances of the beamforming are then studied in function of several parameters, such as the source location and frequency, the damping factor, the background noise considered. The first model consists in an infinite plate in contact with a heavy fluid, excited by an acoustic monopole located in this fluid. Analyzing the transverse displacements in the wavenumber domain is useful to establish a criterion to sample correctly the vibration field of the plate. A second model, more representative of the system is also proposed. In this model, an elastic infinite cylindrical shell, filled with a heavy fluid is considered. The finite dimensions in the radial and circumferential directions lead to a modal behavior of the system which impacts the beamforming. Finally, the method is tested on an experimental mock-up which consists in a cylindrical pipe made in stainless steel and filled with water connected to hydraulic circuit. The water flow speed can be controlled by varying the speed of the pump. The acoustic source is generated by a hydrophone. The performances of the beamforming are studied for different water flow speeds and different amplitude and frequencies of the source
Soula-Rothhut, Mahdhia. "Etude de la phosphorylation de la P56Ick et détection des sites de phosphorylation par les voies de signalisation CD4 et TcR/CD3 dans les cellules T." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077343.
Full textCamarda, Federico. "Fusion de données multi-capteurs pour la détection des bords de voie appliquée au véhicule autonome." Thesis, Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2673.
Full textPerception and correct understanding of the road scene is crucial for any application of assisted and automated driving. In order to guarantee safety of the passenger and other road users, planning and navigation must be made on the basis of a reliable environment representation. Multi-sensor data and prior information is used to build this representation which incorporates identification of road users and road structure. For the latter, the focus is put on the drivablespace and lane repartition. On highways, urban streets and generally all over the road network, the drivable space is organized in oriented corridors which enablesafer and predictable navigation for everyone. In the development of intelligentvehicles, identifying the lane repartition and building an accurate road representation outlines the lane boundaries detection task. Depending on the specifics of the target automated system, car manufacturers integrate in currently commercialized vehicles ready-to-use lane detection solutions from Tier-1 suppliers generally featuring single and vision-based smart sensors. Such solutions may not be adequate in highly automated systems where the driver is allowed to divert their attention from the driving task and become passenger. This thesis addresses the problem of lane boundaries identification relying on multi-sensor fusion of smart camera data (specifically, frontal and AVM cameras) and HD-maps. In the first part, an appropriate modeling for smart sensor measurements which is independent from the sensor nature is proposed. Uncertain detections of markings, barriers and other road elements contribute to the tracking of the surrounding lane boundaries using a novel clothoid-spline model. The second part focuses on the integration of prior information coming from digital maps. Similarly to the modeling of smart sensors, the involved uncertainties in the usage of map-providers have been taken into account to support the lane boundaries estimation. For the testing of the proposed approaches, a custom dataset of road data has been recorded using both off-the-shelf smart sensors and live streamed HD-maps. Validated and tuned tracking solutions are then integrated in close-loop experimentations on Renault prototype vehicle of SAE Level 3 of automation
La percezione e la corretta comprensione della scena stradale e fondamentale per qualsiasi applicazione di guida assistita e automatizzata. Per garantire la sicurezza del passeggero e degli altri utenti della strada, la pianificazione e la navigazione devono essere effettuate sulla base di una rappresentazione affidabile dell’ambiente. Dati di origine multi-sensore e informazioni disponibili a priori sono utilizzati per costruire questa rappresentazione che incorpora l’identificazione degli utenti della strada e la struttura della strada stessa. Per quest’ultima, l’attenzione e posta sullo spazio percorribile e sulla ripartizione in corsie. Sulle autostrade, le strade urbane e in generale su tutta la rete stradale, lo spazio percorribile e organizzato in corridoi orientati che permettono una navigazione piu sicura e prevedibile per tutti. Nello sviluppo di veicoli intelligenti, l’identificazione della ripartizione in corsie e la costruzione di una rappresentazione accurata della strada delinea il compito di rilevamento dei confini delle corsie o lane boundaries detection. A seconda delle specifiche del sistema automatizzato di destinazione, le case automobilistiche integrano nei veicoli attualmente commercializzati soluzioni di rilevamento di corsia pronte all’uso da fornitori Tier-1, generalmente composte di singoli sensori intelligenti e basate sulla visione computerizzata. Tali soluzioni potrebbero non essere adeguate in sistemi altamente automatizzati dove al guidatore e permesso di distogliere l’attenzione dal compito di guida e di diventare passeggero. Questa tesi di dottorato affronta il problema dell’identificazione dei limiti di corsia basandosi sulla fusione multi-sensore di dati provenienti da telecamere intelligenti (in particolare, telecamere frontali e AVM) e mappe HD. Nella prima parte, viene proposta una modellazione appropriata per le misure dei sensori intelligenti che e indipendente dalla natura del sensore. I rilevamenti incerti di marcature, barriere e altri elementi stradali contribuiscono alla stima dei limiti delle corsie circostanti utilizzando un nuovo modello di spline di clotoidi. La seconda parte si concentra sull’integrazione di informazioni provenienti da mappe digitali. Analogamente alla modellazione dei sensori intelligenti, le incertezze coinvolte nell’uso di map-providers sono state prese in considerazione per supportare l’identificazione dei limiti di corsia. Per testare gli approcci proposti, e stato registrato un dataset personalizzato di dati stradali utilizzando sia sensori intelligenti off-the-shelf che mappe HD in live streaming. Le soluzioni di tracking convalidate e correttamente regolate sono poi integrate in sperimentazioni a circuito chiuso su un veicolo prototipo Renault di livello 3 di automazione SAE
Grevillot, Michel. "Quantification des mobilités inter et intra vertébrales au niveau du rachis lombaire par voies optique et ultrasonore : détection des échos spéculaires par traitements du plan temps-fréquence." Mulhouse, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MULH0562.
Full textAzmani, Monir. "Fusion non-linéaire appliquée aux voies pilote et données du signal GPS L2C." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580417.
Full textLemarchand, Antoine. "Modélisation multi-modèle incertaine du trafic routier et suivi robuste de profils optimaux aux entrées des voies périurbaines." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT117/document.
Full textThis document synthesizes my Phd thesis work in Automatic Control in Grenoble-INP. This thesis has been prepared in the automatic control department of thelaboratory GIPSA-lab. This work is situated in the area of traffic systems control andsupervision. Our contributions are about modeling, supervision and local traffic control.The CTM traffic model has been extended with a model of uncertainties. Thisnews model allows us to take into account the uncertain parameters of the model, topropose new robust switched control law.In addition to this modeling approach, we propose some developments on supervisionof trafic systems. On one hand, we can estimate the operating mode of thesystem in real time and on the other hand to estimate some faults on the system. Thedynamical estimation of the operating mode allows us to know the state of congestion(or non congestion) of the road. We are able to estimate faults such as speed fall andcapacities drop that may appear.Finally, we propose two control laws based on switching systems control. The developedcontrollers adapt their geometry to the properties of the system. The purposeof these controllers is to be inserted in a hierarchic control scheme
Escande, Aurélie. "Développement de tests cellulaires pour la détection de ligands des récepteurs des oestrogènes et de la dioxine : application à l'étude des interférences transcriptionnelles entre les voies de signalisation de ces récepteurs." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON1T028.
Full textMerino, Pierrick. "Reproduction expérimentale du contact roue-rail à échelle réduite : Voies de formation des sources de défauts." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI101.
Full textThe safety issue is still the main concern of railway network due to the development of railway transportation and the increase of the amount of passengers. The understanding of the origin of the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) defect, is one key to safety requirements. The White Etching Layer associated to the initiation of the squat defect is hardly recreated. The use of laboratory test bench enable the replication of the wheel-rail contact. Nevertheless, only a fraction of the characteristic parameters is taken into account and compromises are necessary. The test bench “Triboring” built at LaMCoS, fulfills a gap in the existing apparatus. The “roller on circular rail” design was chosen to fit the tribological behavior of wheel-rail contact, and replicate RCF defects. The production of a test bench required to relate and differentiate the measured data to the phenomena corresponding to the operating from the phenomena corresponding to wheel-rail contact. The bench was characterized with dynamic and cinematic analysis. The design of the sample was improved. The tribological behavior of the bench was optimized with the preparation of the initial surface of the samples and the production of a tribological “fuse”. This layer delays the speed accommodation by wear and benefit the shear of the first bodies and the formation a Tribological Transformation of Surface (TTS), as the White Etching Layer. The two different fuse layer created (Run-in and oxidized), induced a significant wear reduction. The tribological and metallurgical analysis of the surfaces and cuts of the sample, enabled to the explanation of the evolution of the microstructure of the rail close to the surface, submitted to various mechanical solicitations. The transformation of this microstructure led to the formation of white etching layer mechanically formed
Zhang, Ming-Yu. "Apports des systèmes d'information à l'exploitation des réseaux de voies rapides. Le cas du réseau d'Ile-de-France." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529501.
Full textIssa, Najwa. "Détection des protéases microbiennes par la voie immunitaire Toll chez Drosophila melanogaster." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ043.
Full textIn Drosophila, the antimicrobial response against infections can be triggered by two different extracellular mechanisms that both lead to the activation of the Toll receptor. These two mechanisms are activated either by the recognition of specific microbial determinants by Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), or by the cleavage of the circulating serine protease Persephone by a wide range of microbial proteases secreted during infections. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Persephone activation remained ambiguous. We identified a unique region in Persephone pro-domain that functions as a bait for exogenous proteases independently of their origin, type or specificity. Cleavage of Persephone in this bait region constitutes the first step of a sequential activation and licenses the subsequent maturation of Persephone to the endogenous circulating cysteine cathepsin 26-29-p. Our data establish Persephone itself as an immune receptor able to sense a broad spectrum of microbes through the recognition of danger signals rather than molecular patterns
Coudray-Meunier, Coralie. "Virus entériques transmissibles par voie alimentaire : détection, typage, pouvoir infectieux et nouvelles technologies." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0055/document.
Full textThe main enteric viruses that cause foodborne outbreaks are noroviruses genogroupe I and II (NoV GI and NoV GII) and hepatitis A virus (HAV), respectively responsible for gastroenteritis and hepatitis. They are mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route either by person-to-person contact or by ingestion of contaminated water, raw and undercooked food, particularly shellfish, soft fruits and vegetables. Viral contamination level is often low and requires sensitive methods of detection. As most enteric viruses are not cultivable, these methods are based on viral genome detection and quantification by real time RT-PCR. Such an approach provides no information regarding virus infectivity and therefore limits viral risk assessment in public health. These thesis works aim to propose molecular methods for enteric viruses detection, quantification and typing, also to evaluate new molecular technologies contribution (as Digital PCR and PCR high throughput) for food viral diagnosis and finally to develop treatments combined with RT-qPCR to only detect genomes from infectious viral particles. A new HAV extraction from lettuce method was developed and assessed as similar to the reference method which is described in the technical specifications published in 2013 (ISO/TS 15216-1; ISO/TS 15216-2). In order to facilitate phylogenetic analysis in food microbiology, six subtype-specific RT-qPCR assays for human HAV (HAV IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB) were developed and evaluated by testing HAV contaminated clinical samples genotyping. These assays may be particularly useful for accurately tracing HAV in low-level contaminated samples such as food matrices and moreover, to allow co-infection identification in human samples and/or HAV recombinant strains. Nanofluidic digital RT-PCR (RT-dPCR) was compared to RT-qPCR for NoV GI, NoV GII, and HAV genomes quantification, in presence of two process controls (mengovirus and murine norovirus) in artificially contaminated bottled water and lettuce samples. External amplification control allowed evaluating and comparing RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR assays inhibitions. Viral recoveries calculated by RT-dPCR were found to be significantly higher than by RT-qPCR for NoV GI and Mengovirus in water, and for NoV GII and HAV in lettuce samples. The RT-dPCR assay proved to be more tolerant to inhibitory substances present in lettuce samples. Nanofluidic PCR Array (PCR Array) has also been used in order to propose an array able to simultaneously detect 20 enteric viruses. Similar detection limits were obtained with qPCR and dPCR but PCR Array was found less sensitive of 1 to 3 log10 (due to the weak volumes (nanolitre) of analyzed samples). Pretreatments based on the use of monoazides +/- surfactant and to do before RT-qPCR were developed for discriminating between infectious and non-infectious particles of HAV and rotavirus. They have been evaluated with thermal inactivation kinetic curves. Last and final summary in the thesis
Wong, So Noël. "Les myxomes cardiaques opérés : intérêt de l'échocardiographie transthoracique et transœsophagienne pour la surveillance post-opératoire et la détection des récidives." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR25198.
Full textCensier, Benjamin. "Étude et optimisation de la voie ionisation dansl'expérience EDELWEISS de détection directe de lamatière noire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109453.
Full textLhomme, Tori. "La navette lactate tanycyte-neurone à POMC : un nouveau mécanisme de contrôle des circuits neuronaux de la prise alimentaire." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS056.
Full textTanycytes of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) are specialized ependymoglial cells distributed along the lateral walls of the third ventricle (3V); their cell bodies contact the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) while their processes arching in the tissue contact arcuate neurons. Their strategic location at the interface between the glucose-containing CSF and glucose-responsive proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons raises the possibility that tanycytes play a role in hypothalamic glucose detection mechanisms controlling energy balance. The aim of my thesis was to test the hypothesis that tanycytes convert glucose-containing CSF into lactate and distribute it to POMC neurons via a connexin 43 (Cx43)-mediated tanycytic metabolic networks, to control the energy balance. Electrophysiological recordings intriguingly indicated that most of the POMC neurons do not use glucose but lactate as energy substrate to sustain their electrical activity via its metabolism into pyruvate. The endogenous lactate required to sustain POMC neuronal activity is provided by ARH tanycytes via the conversion of glucose and shuttled to neurons via monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). Furthermore, our study demonstrated that disruption of the Cx43-mediated tanycytic metabolic network leads to inhibition of POMC neuronal activity due to lactate deficiency into the ARH. These results thus show the importance of this network in the supply of lactate to POMC neurons. Finally, the tanycytic network was also shown to control the bioavailability of lactate in the ARH in response to changes in circulating glucose and to regulate feeding behavior and the energy metabolism in mice. Overall, our findings shed new lights on the mechanism used by the hypothalamus to monitor circulating levels of glucose and maintain of energy balance
Gréard, Camille. "La détection des variants alléliques comme voie d'amélioration génétique des plantes fourragères : exemple de la luzerne." Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2261.
Full textLucerne (Medicago sativa) is an autotetraploid forage legume, whose breeding could beneficiate from allele mining. This strategy is based on the natural diversity and consists in seeking alleles with a potential effect on the phenotype. The interest of this approach was evaluated by studying five genes of agronomic interest: CAD1 and CCoaOMT (digestibility), CONSTANS-like (forage yield), NHX1 (salt tolerance) and WXP1 (drought tolerance). The diversity of these five genes was evaluated by sequencing 387 genotypes of cultivated accessions and 20 genotypes of wild accessions. The results confirmed a bottleneck during lucerne domestication and selection. CONSTANS-like and WXP1 were very variable whereas CAD1, CCoaOMT and NHX1 contained very few variants. Variants with a potential strong impact on the phenotype were identified in conserved parts of protein sequence within the Faboideae. The impact on phenotype was studied for two mutations of the CONSTANS-like gene: constans-634, causing a premature stop codon and constans-4111, located in a conserved region of the gene. Genotypes carrying one to three doses of the mutations (AAAB, AABB and ABBB) were polycrossed in order to obtain offsprings with every allele combination (AAAA, AAAB, AABB, ABBB and BBBB). KASPar markers were developed to determine the mutation doses in offspring progeny. No homozygous genotype was found for constans-634 in the 1505 offspring progeny. This mutation induced a premature flowering of three days for the genotypes carrying three doses of the mutation. The mutation constans-4111 induced an additive effect on stem height and the homozygous genotypes without the variant where on average 11.8 cm shorter than homozygous genotypes carrying three or four doses of the variant. The application of allele mining strategy in plant schemes of heterozygous autotetraploid species was discussed
Gaddari, Abdelhadi. "Nouvelle méthode d'élaboration par voie sol-gel des couches minces de dioxyde d'étain : Applications à la détection à température ambiante d'ozone et d'ammoniac." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020790.
Full textDe, Lepine Philippe. "Détection automatique de la voix criée en vue d'un système d'alarme." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10410.
Full textMaurin, David. "Rayonnement cosmique et détection indirecte de matière noire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880159.
Full textFreland, Laure. "Mise au point d'une méthode de détection des composés pharmacologiquement actifs sur la voie D2R-AKT-GSK3." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28656/28656.pdf.
Full textCensier, Benjamin. "Etude et optimisation de la voie ionisation dans l'expérience EDELWEISS de détection directe de la matière noire." Paris 11, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109453.
Full textThe EDELWEISS experiment is aiming at the detection of Weakly Interactive Massive Particles (WIMPs), today's most favoured candidates for solving the dark matter issue. Background ionising particles are identified thanks to the simultaneous measurement of heat and ionisation in the detectors. The main limitation to this method is coming from the ionisation measurement, charge collection being less efficient in some part of the detectors known as "dead" areas. The specificity of the measurement is due to the use of very low temperatures and low collection fields. This thesis is dedicated to the study of carrier trapping. It involves time-resolved charge measurements as well as a simulation code adapted to the specific physical conditions. We first present results concerning charge trapping at the free surfaces of the detectors. Our method allows to build a surface-charge in a controlled manner by irradiation with a strong radioactive source. This charge is then caracterised with a weaker source which acts as a probe. In a second part of the work, bulk-trapping characteristics are deduced from charge collection efficiency measurements, and by an original method based on event localisation in the detector. The results show that a large proportion of the doping impurities are ionised, as indicated independently by the study of degradation by space-charge build-up. In this last part, near-electrodes areas are found to contain large densities of charged trapping centres, in connection with dead-layer effects
Negri, Pablo Augusto. "Détection et reconnaissance d'objets structurés : application aux transports intelligents." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066346.
Full textSentouh, Chouki. "Analyse du risque et détection de situations limites : application au développement des systèmes d'alerte au conducteur." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419414.
Full textGascon, Hélène. "Détection de traces de gaz par spectroscopie à diode laser : application au sulfure d'hydrogène." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066513.
Full textGuérin, Philippe Jean. "Utilisation de la surveillance sanitaire des voyageurs comme système sentinelle de détection de maladies émergentes : exemple des maladies entériques." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066366.
Full textAubry, Carole. "Développement et mise en oeuvre de structures textiles multifonctionnelles contenant des nanotubes de carbone : application aux capteurs chimiques pour la détection de solvants." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10153/document.
Full textThis work is performed through the European project Inteltex. The aim is to develop new textile structures for the solvent detection. The use of CPC (Conductive Polymer Composite) composed of an insulating polymer matrix and conductive fillers, allows to detect the solvent presence by the swelling of the polymer that induces the conductive network deconnexion and the decrease of the electrical conductivity. The use of carbon nanotubes (CNT) as conductive fillers is a biggest advantage because only a low content is necessary to achieve the appropriate electrical conductivity for sensing (10-3 S/m). The different sensitive and spinnable matrices are polycarbonate (PC), polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The percolation threshold of CNT in 1.5 mm diameter monofilament, produced by extrusion, is determined between 1.5 and 2 wt.% of CNT. The elaboration of multifilament yarns by melt spinning process show a decrease of the conductivity with the drawing effect. In order to maintain the electrical properties, PLA fibers containing at least 4 % of CNT and having a minimum diameter of 80 µm have to be produced. In this way it is necessary to introduce a plasticizer to improve the composites spinnability. The electrical, thermal, mechanical, morphological properties and fluidity of filaments were studied depending on the processing conditions and their composition. Composite fibers, close the percolation threshold, show sensitivity to humidity, ethanol and toluene
Guillemot, Laure Hélène. "Capteurs chimiques à base de matrices synthétisées par voie sol-gel et à transduction optique pour la détection de composés organiques volatils microbiens (mCOV)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769955.
Full textAubry, Alexandre. "Approche matricielle de l'opérateur de propagation des ondes ultrasonores en milieu diffusant aléatoire." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004213.
Full textLu, Wenjie. "Contributions to Lane Marking Based Localization for Intelligent Vehicles." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112017/document.
Full textAutonomous Vehicles (AV) applications and Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) relay in scene understanding processes allowing high level systems to carry out decision marking. For such systems, the localization of a vehicle evolving in a structured dynamic environment constitutes a complex problem of crucial importance. Our research addresses scene structure detection, localization and error modeling. Taking into account the large functional spectrum of vision systems, the accessibility of Open Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the widely presence of Global Positioning Systems (GPS) onboard vehicles, we study the performance and the reliability of a vehicle localization method combining such information sources. Monocular vision–based lane marking detection provides key information about the scene structure. Using an enhanced multi-kernel framework with hierarchical weights, the proposed parametric method performs, in real time, the detection and tracking of the ego-lane marking. A self-assessment indicator quantifies the confidence of this information source. We conduct our investigations in a localization system which tightly couples GPS, GIS and lane makings in the probabilistic framework of Particle Filter (PF). To this end, it is proposed the use of lane markings not only during the map-matching process but also to model the expected ego-vehicle motion. The reliability of the localization system, in presence of unusual errors from the different information sources, is enhanced by taking into account different confidence indicators. Such a mechanism is later employed to identify error sources. This research concludes with an experimental validation in real driving situations of the proposed methods. They were tested and its performance was quantified using an experimental vehicle and publicly available datasets
Magni, Stefano. "Astrophysical aspects of dark matter direct detection." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS137/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the astrophysical aspects of the direct detection of WIMP dark matter (DMDD). In particular, it focuses on the observational constraints on the astrophysical quantities relevant for DMDD, which impact on the interpretation of the experimental results.We review the formalism of DMDD and we summarize some of the main experimental results in this domain and the statistical methods usually employed to interpret the data, reproducing the associated constraints on the parameter space relevant for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon interaction. We summarize the set of astrophysical assumptions usually employed, the Standard Halo Model, and we point out the impact of variations in its parameters on such limits.We outline the main concepts of the dynamics of our galaxy that allow to put the astrophysics related to DMDD in a wider framework. In particular, we review the description of the Galaxy through Milky Way mass models (MWMM), pointing out how the astrophysical quantities are related. We describe some procedures to obtain dark matter phase-space distributions consistent with given dark matter profile and Galactic potential, the simplest being Eddington equation, of which we discuss the limits of applicability. We review in detail the recent literature on the main determinations and uncertainties of the astrophysical quantities relevant for DMDD and of the fundamental Galactic parameters.In the most original part of this thesis we focus on the recent estimates of the local Galactic escape speed published by the RAVE collaboration. We study in detail the implications of these results for the spin-independent interpretation of DMDD experiments. We take into account the correlations between the astrophysical quantities relevant for DMDD calculations, and from the assumed MWMM we compute the dark matter phase-space distribution using Eddington equation, which provides a self-consistent physical connection between the two. This procedure leads to more constraining exclusion curves with respect to the standard ones, due to higher values of the local dark matter density
Moutsinga, Ghislain de Saint-Val. "Le crédit et le rôle du banquier dans la prévention des difficultés des entreprises." Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0099.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the relationship between financial integration, political openness and growth in developing countries. In fact, political reforms and economic liberalization was the slogan of the international financial institutions which conditioned the granting of financial aid to the implementation of certain reforms in favor of democracy and more respect of human rights in addition to more financial integration. Our empirical investigation covers a sample of 108 developing countries between 1984 and 2008 and uses both static and dynamic panel data estimation in addition to the new causality test in heterogeneous panel. Our results show that financial liberalization positively impact growth directly and through indirect channel like Investment, trade and macroeconomic stability. It also favors financial development and promotes human capital. Even though, democracy doesn’t directly influence growth, it has an indirect positive effect on it through favoring international trade in addition to financial and human capital development. Otherwise, political instability negatively affects growth directly but also indirectly through decreasing investment and increasing inflation. Finally, our results suggest the existence of a bidirectional relationship between financial integration and democracy. In the other side, the relationship between financial integration and political stability is more specific and depend upon regionals characteristics of the country
Frini, Marouane. "Diagnostic des engrenages à base des indicateurs géométriques des signaux électriques triphasés." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES052.
Full textAlthough they are widely used, classical vibration measurements have several limitations. Vibration analysis can only identify about 60% of the defects that may occur in mechanical systems. However, the main drawbacks of vibration measurements are the difficult access to the transmission system in order to place the sensor as well as the consequent cost of implementation. This results in sensitivity problems relative to the position of the installation and the difficulty to distinguish the source of vibration because of the diversity of mechanical excitations that exist in the industrial environment.Hence, the Motor Current Signatures Analysis (M.C.S.A.) represents a promising alternative to the vibration analysis and has therefore been the subject of increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, the analysis of electrical signatures has the advantage of being a technically accessible method as well as inexpensive and non-intrusive to the system. Techniques based on currents and voltages only require the motor’s electrical measurements which are often already supervised for the purposes of the control and the protection of the electrical machines. This process was mainly used for the detection of motors faults such as rotor bars breakage and eccentricity faults as well as bearings defects. On the other hand, very little research has been focused on gear faults detection using the current analysis. In addition, three-phase electrical signals are characterized by specific geometric representations related to their waveforms and they can serve as different indicators providing additional information. Among these geometric indicators, the Park and Concordia transforms model the electrical components in a two-dimensional coordinate system and any deviation from the original representation indicates the apparition of a malfunction. Moreover, the differential equations of Frenet-Serret represent the trajectory of the signal in a three-dimensional euclidean space and thus indicate any changes in the state of the system. Although they have been previously used for bearing defects, these indicators have not been applied in the detection of gear defects using the analysis of electrical current signatures. Hence, the innovative idea of combining these indicators with signal processing techniques, as well as classification techniques for gears diagnosis using the three-phase motor’s electrical current signatures analysis is established.Hence, in this work, a new approach is proposed for gear faults diagnosis using the motor currents analysis, based on a set of geometric indicators (Park and Concordia transforms as well as the properties of the Frenet-Serret frame). These indicators are part of a specifically built fault signatures library and which also includes the classical indicators used for a wide range of faults. Thus, a proposed estimation algorithm combines experimental measurements of electrical signals with advanced signal processing methods (Empirical Mode Decomposition, ...). Next, it selects the most relevant indicators within the library based on feature selection algorithms (Sequential Backward Selection and Principal Component Analysis). Finally, this selection is combined with non-supervised classification (K-means) for the distinction between the healthy state and faulty states. It was finally validated with a an additional experimental configuration in different cases with gear faults, bearing faults and combined faults with various load levels
Roux, Antoine E. "Le vieillissement chronologique de Schizosaccharomyces pombe : Implication des voies de détection du glucose." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3051.
Full textThe first increase in life span due to man’s intervention was obtained with rats subjected to a diet reduced in calorie intake. Later, this phenomenon was repeated with many other species and referred as diet restriction or calorie restriction. The development of modern Molecular Biology approaches and the use of simple model organisms demonstrated that the rate of aging was regulated by genetic traits. Indeed, several cellular mechanisms were identified as responsible for the control of aging. These regulatory pathways appear to be conserved throughout species, from yeast to multicellular organisms like nematode, fly and mice, thus suggesting the existence of a universal program of aging. Yeast proved several times to be a powerful and reliable model for discovering genes involved in the regulation of aging. My study consisted in developing Schizosaccharomyces pombe (also called fission yeast) as a new unicellular model to study aging. The first step of my work was to show that pathways of nutrient detection through kinases involving Pka1 and Sck2 control chronological aging in S. pombe, as it was previously demonstrated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This first work validated the use of fission yeast for the study of aging. Subsequently, we analysed in more detail the pro-aging effect of glucose focusing on the role of its signalling through the G-protein Gpa2-coupled membrane receptor Git3, which acts upstream of Pka1. The loss of the glucose signal due to deletion of Git3 mimics partially the effect of increasing longevity by reducing glucose in the medium. Moreover, detrimental effects of glucose signal are maintained in absence of sugar metabolism following loss of hexokinases, the first enzymes of glycolysis. Together, these results suggest that the pro-aging effects of glucose signalling are predominant over those due to metabolism of this sugar. Moreover, both obliteration of this signalling pathway and decrease of glucose availability extend life span, and correlate with an increase in stress resistance, in mitochondrial activity and a lower production of free radicals. Finally, screening a cDNA-overexpression library allowed us to identify several genes candidates responsible for the effects on longevity downstream of Git3/Pka1. Research in the molecular mechanisms of aging propose holds the promise to bring precious clues as to this mysterious processes affecting all living creatures, and paves the way to unravel the underlying causes of many human diseases. Indeed, aging is the first cause of numerous late-onset pathologies including cancers, cardiovascular diseases or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer and Parkinson syndromes.
Bélanger, Jean. "Mise à jour de la Base de Données Topographiques du Québec à l'aide d'images à très haute résolution spatiale et du progiciel Sigma0 : le cas des voies de communication." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6319.
Full textIn order to optimize and reduce the cost of road map updating, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Wildlife is considering exploiting high definition color aerial photography within a global automatic detection process. In that regard, Montreal based SYNETIX Inc, teamed with the University of Montreal Remote Sensing Laboratory (UMRSL) in the development of an application indented for the automatic detection of road networks on complex radiometric high definition imagery. This application named SIGMA-ROUTES is a derived module of a software called SIGMA0 earlier developed by the UMRSL for optic and radar imagery of 5 to 10 meter resolution. SIGMA-ROUTES road detections relies on a map guided filtering process that enables the filter to be driven along previously known road vectors and tagged them as intact, suspect or lost depending on the filtering responses. As for the new segments updating, the process first implies a detection of potential starting points for new roads within the filtering corridor of previously known road to which they should be connected. In that respect, it is a very challenging task to emulate the human visual filtering process and further distinguish potential starting points of new roads on complex radiometric high definition imagery. In this research, we intend to evaluate the application’s efficiency in terms of total linear distances of detected roads as well as the spatial location of inconsistencies on a 2.8 km2 test site containing 40 km of various road categories in a semi-urban environment. As specific objectives, we first intend to establish the impact of different resolutions of the input imagery and secondly establish the potential gains of enhanced images (segmented and others) in a preemptive approach of better matching the image property with the detection parameters. These results have been compared to a ground truth reference obtained by a conventional visual detection process on the bases of total linear distances and spatial location of detection. The best results with the most efficient combination of resolution and pre-processing have shown a 78% intact detection in accordance to the ground truth reference when applied to a segmented resample image. The impact of image resolution is clearly noted as a change from 84 cm to 210 cm resolution altered the total detected distances of intact roads of around 15%. We also found many roads segments ignored by the process and without detection status although they were directly liked to intact neighbours. By revising the algorithm and optimizing the image pre-processing, we estimate a 90% intact detection performance can be reached. The new segment detection is non conclusive as it generates an uncontrolled networks of false detections throughout other entities in the images. Related to these false detections of new roads, we were able to identify numerous cases of new road detections parallel to previously assigned intact road segments. We conclude with a proposed procedure that involves enhanced images as input combined with human interventions at critical level in order to optimize the final product.
LADROIT, Yoann. "Amélioration des méthodes de détection et de qualification des sondes pour les sondeurs multifaisceaux bathymétriques." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783671.
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