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Academic literature on the topic 'Détection de polluants'
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Journal articles on the topic "Détection de polluants"
Nguyen, Chi Thanh, and Isabelle Ledoux-Rak. "Micro-résonateurs en anneau pour la détection et l’identification de polluants." Photoniques, no. 106 (January 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/photon/202110634.
Full textArnoux, Damien, Bruno Galland, Olivier Culié, and Sébastien Fave. "Détection de polluants en temps réel en service inter-entreprises." Archives des Maladies Professionnelles et de l'Environnement 79, no. 3 (May 2018): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.admp.2018.03.365.
Full textLanglois, C. "Etude préliminaire de la qualité des eaux de surface de 15 cours d’eau majeurs du Nouveau-Québec." Water Quality Research Journal 22, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 530–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1987.043.
Full textCharlebois, Denis, Konka Veeranjaneyulu, and Roger M. Leblanc. "Étude de l’activité photosynthétique à l’aide de la spectroscopic photoacoustique: applications potentielles en écotoxicologie." Water Quality Research Journal 28, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1993.040.
Full textOsbild, D., M. Babut, and P. Vasseur. "Les biocapteurs appliqués au contrôle des eaux: Revue - État de l'art." Revue des sciences de l'eau 8, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 505–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705236ar.
Full textVassalli, C., Y. Levi, M. Gibert, R. Rosset, and M. Dutang. "Détection des polluants organiques des eaux de surface par chromatographie en phase liquide et spectrophotométrie à barette de diodes." Journal français d’hydrologie 18, no. 1 (1987): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19871801037.
Full textPandard, P., and P. Vasseur. "Biocapteurs pour le contrôle de la toxicité des eaux : application des bioélectrodes algales." Revue des sciences de l'eau 5, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 445–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705141ar.
Full textMarion, M., and F. Denizeau. "Réponse des cellules du foie de truite arc-en-ciel exposées à des métaux lourds toxiques." Water Quality Research Journal 28, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1993.038.
Full textGermain, A., and C. Langlois. "Contamination des eaux et des sédiments en suspension du fleuve Saint-Laurent par les pesticides organochlores, les biphényles polychlores et d’autres contaminants organiques prioritaires." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 4 (November 1, 1988): 602–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.047.
Full textTRAN-THI, Thu-Hoa. "Matériaux hybrides nanoporeux pour la détection de polluants de l'air intérieur." Instrumentation et méthodes de mesure, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.51257/a-v1-r423.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Détection de polluants"
Bigourd, Damien. "Etude et détection de polluants atmosphériques dans le domaine THz." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120948.
Full textpartie du spectre électromagnétique est encore peu exploitée et a souvent été qualifiée de "gap spectral" en raison des nombreuses difficultés à émettre ce rayonnement à des puissances exploitables. Deux spectromètres dans la gamme THz ont été développés et exploités. Le premier, basé sur la spectroscopie résolue en temps, utilise des impulsions THz et permet d'obtenir un spectre de quelques GHz à 1,2 THz en quelques minutes avec une résolution de l'ordre du GHz. Le second est un spectromètre continu basé sur le photomélange avec
une extension spectrale de 3 THz et une pureté spectrale de 5 MHz. Après des descriptions analytiques et des caractérisations expérimentales des dispositifs, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'étude, à la surveillance et à la détection des polluants atmosphériques dans l'infrarouge lointain en exploitant les deux instruments pour l'analyse de la fumée de cigarette qui représente un excellent exemple de milieu hostile. Cette étude révèle la présence d'acide cyanhydrique (HCN), de monoxyde de carbone (CO), et de formaldéhyde (H2CO). Les concentrations de ces espèces ont été déduites des formes de raies puis confirmées et comparées à des
mesures par méthodes chimiques. La partie fondamentale de ce travail est d'étudier la réponse d'un gaz suite à une excitation subpicoseconde : les signaux de précession libre dans le sulfure de carbonyle (OCS) qui consiste en une série d'impulsions transitoires. Un modèle théorique permet d'interpréter classiquement ces impulsions réémises. La décroissance quasi exponentielle des impulsions transitoires est liée à la largeur de raie des transitions de rotation et les informations d'anharmonicité sont observées sur les formes de ces
impulsions qui sont principalement dues à la propagation, à la dispersion et à la distorsion centrifuge.
Bigourd, Damien. "Etude et détection de polluants atmosphérique dans le domaine THz." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0152.
Full textTerahertz or Far Infrared radiation extends from 100 GHz to 10 THz. This frequency range was considered to be a “spectral gap” due to the considerable technological difficulties in producing a tunable source with reasonable emission powers. Two THz spectrometers have been developed and exploited. The first uses THz pulses and is based on Time Domain Spectroscopy. It is capable of providing a spectrum which extends from few GHz to 1,2 THz within few minutes and has a spectral resolution in the order of few GHz. The second instrument generates continous wave THz photomixing and can reach up to 3 THz with a spectral purity of 5 MHz. After presenting the analytical descriptions and experimentally characterizations of the instruments, we focus on the monitoring and detection of atmospheric pollutants, illustrated by the analysis of cigarette smoke which represents an example of hostile medium. This study reveals the presences of the hydrogen cyanide (HCN), carbon monoxideee (CO) and formaldehyde (H2CO) and allows their concentrations to be measured. This analysis is verified by comparison with standard chemichal methods. The fundamental part of this work is the study of the gas response after a subpicosecond excitation : the free induction decay of carbonyl sulphide that consists of a series of uniformly spaced subpicosecond commensurate transients. A theoretical model is used to understand the classical phenomena. The quasi exponential decrease of the reemitted pulses is linked to the spectral with of the rotational transition while the anharmonicity influences the pulse shape due to the propagation, dispersion and centrifugal distorsion
Ayari, Mohamed Yassine. "Détection électromagnétique d'éléments polluants au dessus de la surface maritime." Brest, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BRES2011.
Full textThis document presents the work completed within the theis of Mohamed Yassine Ayari between october 2002 and novembre 2005. The work was carried out in the laboratory E3I2-EA 3876 of ENSIETA in Brest. The project of the thesis has the objective to supply methodological means on making it possible to detect the pollutants on the surface of the sea (oil, residues petrochemical…) by electromagnetic methods (radar). One of the additional difficulties to the problem arising relates to the adopted configuration, it acts of the bistatic configuration where the transmitter and the receiver are separate (contrary to the case often used : backscattering configurtion). Until now, few studies were interested in electromagnetic detection of pollutants on sea surface and less in the scattering problems by rough surfaces in bistatic configuration. The majority of the current detection methods are based either on the technique of satellite photos or on radar imagery (SAR…). The latter are not easily exploitable and do not give a precise idea as for the nature of pollutant. Indeed, SAR images give similar effects for a covered surface with pollutants and another sheltered wind surface. During this work we have studied the effect of the pollutant on physical and geometrical sea surface characteristics and correlated this study with the electromagnetic scattering models in order to have a precise idea on the effect of the pollutant on the electromagnetic surface scattering for different configurations and various transmitter and the receiver polarizations
Bittel, Marine. "Détection de polluants chimiques par biocapteurs bactériens couplés à la spectroscopie Raman." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4113/document.
Full textIn the field of toxicological bioassays, the current biosensors are mostly monoparametric and limited in terms of sensitivity and specificity. A more complete toxicity analysis thus calls for combinations to cross-check the results. In this context, the latest progress in Raman spectroscopy opens new research perspectives on a fast method of observing metabolic responses against toxic agents. Indeed, Raman spectra constitute molecular fingerprints of the observed biological samples, offering a global multiparametric view of their physiology. Based on the premise that the molecular variations triggered by a substance on a microorganism affect its spectral fingerprint, this thesis explores the Raman spectroscopy potential of identifying spectral signatures of targeted toxic effects. That said, proper physiological spectral fingerprints analysis requires complex chemometric methods. In the first part of this work, a particular attention has been given to the elaboration of a statistical strategy to highlight the effects of arsenic on the E. coli bacteria. To confirm the specific aspects of the generated spectral signatures, the study has then been extended to the observation of four microorganisms exposed to different kinds of toxic substances (antibiotic, metal, pesticides, phenol compounds). Spectral analyses lead to the identification of the most impacted macromolecules, allowing evidencing of specific toxic effects. Finally, in partnership with the company Tronico Vigicell (CIFRE partner of the thesis) this approach has also been tested on environmental water samples, making this work an integral part of the search for better environmental pollution monitoring solutions
Griffete, Nebewia. "Cristaux photoniques et polymères à empreintes moléculaires pour la détection optique de polluants." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077105.
Full textVery recent years have shown great improvements in the field of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), biomimetic Systems able to selectively recognize a target molecule. Another emerging domain in full expansion is the development of photonic crystals based on highly organized colloïdal particle networks, with the possibility to immobilize them within polymer films: the selective etching of the particles provides 3D-ordered interconnected macroporous structure, called inverse opals. In this PhD, we have combined these two promising concepts (molecular imprinting and photonic crystals in order to elaborate an original self-reporting sensing film exhibiting high sensitivity and selectivity. We have adopted the Langmuir-Blodgett method to form colloïdal silica crystals as templates in combination with the molecular-imprinting technique to prepare highly ordered 3D macroporous hydrogel films (of polymethacrylic acid). The resulting porous material contains both specific molecular recognition nanocavities for bisphenol A and a periodic variation of the dielectric constant which generates a readable optical signal directly (self-reporting) upon binding' the target analyte without the need for labeling. We focused particularly on the optimisation of the optical response of the photonic crystals towards external stimuli (such as pH changes or variation of the BPA concentration) by introducing active defect layer within the materials. Two kinds of defect layers were studied: (i) planar defects made of the same material as the host crystal but varying by the particle size; (ii) planar defects made of a chemically different material, consisting in ferric oxide nanoparticles covered by a molecularly imprinted polymer overlayer (NP@MIP)
Gandar, Aude. "Échantillonnage et détection des filtres solaires, nouveaux polluants des eaux du littoral méditerranéen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PERP0008.
Full textUV filters are part of the emerging contaminants causing a risk to aquatic environments. Quantification of those molecules usually uses chromatographic technics. A method based on spectroelectrochemistry was developed, it is based on the combined use of an electrochemical experiment, chronoamperometry, and UV spectrophotometry. Some UV filters’ spectrum are modified following oxidation. The developed method enable the recording of UV spectra before and after potential application, set at +1,8 V vs Ag during 30 min. Deconvolution using both spectra is then performed to simultaneously identify and quantify four UV filters. This method was developed for the analysis of avobenzone, octinoxate, octocrylene and oxybenzone. In addition to the analytical method, a passive sampling experiment was performed in Mediterranean waters. Among the studied UV filters, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine, ethylhexyl triazone, octocrylene and diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate were measured at concentration in the µg/L range. A risk assessment on Mediterranean and tropical species showed a medium to high risk for many species
Charrier, Thomas. "Développement d'un biocapteur bactérien bioluminescent multicanal pour la détection de polluants dans l'environnement." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2142.
Full textWater pollution is a major concern for european authorities. Water pollutants analyze is carried out currently by significant but expensive physicochemical techniques. The needs of simple and low polluting alternative methods, being able to amplify the frequency of measurements at lower cost, are growing. Objective of this thesis was to develop and validate a multichannel biosensor for on line water metal pollution measurement by bioluminescent bacteria (BLB): Lumisens3 (L3). In this purpose, work was divided in four stages: construction, characterization and immobilization of sensitive BLB, on line metal detection optimization, L3 engineering and finally its validation for on line metal detection in WWTP effluent. L3 biosensor represents a new approach of multiple on line water analyzes, simple and complementary to the traditional methods
Zehani, Nedjla. "Étude et développement de biocapteurs électrochimiques pour la détection de polluants en milieu aqueux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10156.
Full textA biosensor is an analytical device, used for the detection of an analyte, that combines a biological component so-called a receptor (e.g. enzyme, antibody, DNA, microorganism) to a physical transducer (e.g. electrochemical, optical or thermal). In last decade, biosensors are quite promising tools since they are rapid, selective and cost effective, with an increasing interest for their application in various fields (e.g environment, food, health). In this work, we developed different biosensors based on immobilized enzymes onto microelectrodes in view of electrochemical detection. First, we demonstrated the potentialities of conductometric and impedimeteric biosensors based on lipase from Candida Rugosa for direct and rapid detection of organophosphate pesticides. In order to enhance the analytical performances of the developed devices, we tried to optimize enzyme immobilization as well as several operational parameters. We also elaborated an impedimetric biosensor for a sensitive determination of phospholipase A2 activity. Finally, a tyrosinase biosensor was developed for ultra-sensitive detection of Bisphenol A, based on the unique proprieties of boron doped diamond electrodes and taking advantage the use of multi walled carbon naotubes to improve the stability and detection limit of biosensor. We also demonstrated the applicability of both biosensors based on lipase and tyrosinase for the detection of organophosphate pesticides and bisphenol A in river water
Jasmin, Jean-Philippe. "Élaboration de capteurs nanostructurés pour la détection de polluants métalliques à l'état de traces." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE010/document.
Full textThis work focuses on screen-printed electrodes functionalization by electrografting of diazonium salts in order to be used as metallic micropollutants sensors. Two kind of functionalization were treated; the functionalization by organic groups selective of metal ions owing selective sensors and, the nanostructuration with gold nanoparticles to increase the analytical performances of the sensors. The first part of the work deals with the functionalization of screen-printed electrodes with macrocyclic ligands, chosen from a bibliographic study, for their respective affinities for Cu (II), Pb (II) and UO2 (VI). Covalent grafting of this macrocycles on screen-printed electrodes leads to potentially selective sensors. The analytical performances of these sensors as well as the influence of many interference species on the detection were studied.A second part handles with methods for the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes by covalent immobilization of naked or functionalized gold nanoparticles. Two types of gold nanoparticles, with different characteristics have been studied. The nature, the size and the surface state of the gold nanoparticles were found to be key parameters that influence on the nanostructuration of screen-printed electrodes and consequently on their electrochemical properties. The last part of this work concerns the development of a detection protocol for metallic micropollutants with the nanostructured and functionalized screen-printed. The analytical performances have been studied and compared with systems without nanoparticles in order to highlight the contribution of the gold nanoparticles on the performance of the electrodes
Guo, Zhenzhong. "Développement de biocapteurs électrochimiques pour la détection de polluants environnementaux et pour la sécurité alimentaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10044/document.
Full textNowadays, electrochemical biosensors are rapid, reliable, cost-effective and label-free tools for in field monitoring of environmental pollutants, for assessing the food safety criterion and for detection of the territory military residues. We developed biological receptors based affinity biosensors for electrochemical detection of estradiol in environment samples and odorant molecules in pork meat adulteration. The sensitive, selective, rapid, simple, repetitive, stable and effective biosensors were produced. In addition, another strategy entrapment based on integrated nano-material was used to produce a biomimetic sensor for explosives detection, which has shown good valuable in environmental protection and homeland security. In the end, certain significant prospective are discussed