Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection de changements topologiques'
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Gaide, Maxime. "Modélisation et rejeu basés sur des règles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ESMA0026.
Full textDesigning a complex object is a tedious process involving repeated cycles of trial and error. In order to alleviate such a difficulty in the designing process, current parametric modelling systems offer some reevaluation mechanism sallowing a user to rebuild an object based on the editing of its parameters. However, such a process requires either processing an entire mesh in order to detect topological changes, which is computationally expensive, or hard-coding the changes in the modelling operations, which is computationally efficient but increases the risks to introduce detection errors. To address these limitations, our works focus on the development of a rule-based modelling system dedicated to the reevaluation of modelling processes. In particular, this system allows the addition, deletion and reordering of the operations defining those processes. We consider operations formalised with Jerboa’s graph transformation rules. Our first contribution is the syntactic analysis of the operations allowing for the detection of topological changes (creation, split, merge, and so on). These analyses are statically performed on rules, independently of the object onto which they are being applied. Thus, topological changes can be automatically detected and tracked. In some defined cases, a localised analysis performed within the object can assert whether the event has occurred or not. Our second contribution makes use of our topological changes detection approach in order to offer a reevaluation mechanism. Considering that a modelling process is a record of operations sequentially applied on specific topological entities, reevaluating a modelling process first requires solving the long-standing problem of persistently naming topological entities in a geometric model. To achieve this goal, we offer to reconstitute the histories of topological entities referenced within a modelling process. Each entity can be identified through its history, which is unique. With this mechanism, we reference topological entities in a robust way throughout reevaluation. Our third contribution aims to extend our reevaluation mechanism to include scripts of rules which can be used to create more complex operations. The Jerboa script language makes it possible to create such scripts with usual control structures such as alternatives and iterations. We extend our reevaluation mechanism by including these control structures, hence, enabling the user with greater versatility in modelling and managing complex operations
Alboody, Ahed. "Réception des données spatiales et leurs traitements : analyse d'images satellites pour la mise à jour des SIG par enrichissement du système de raisonnement spatial RCC8." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1316/.
Full textNowadays, the resolution of satellite images and the volume of available geographic databases are constantly growing. Images of high resolution remote sensing represent sources of heterogeneous data increasingly necessary and difficult to exploit. These images are considered very rich and useful sources for updating Geographic Information Systems (GIS). To update these databases, a step of change detection is necessary and required. This thesis focuses on the study of satellite image analysis by enriching the spatial reasoning system RCC8 (Region Connection Calculus) for the detection of topological changes in order to update GIS databases. The ultimate goal of this study is to exploit and enrich the topological relations of the system RCC8. The interest of the enrichment and detailed description of RCC8 system relations lies in the fact that they can automatically detect the different levels of topological details and topological changes between geographical regions represented on GIS digital maps and satellite images. In this thesis, we propose and develop an extension of the Intersection and Difference (ID) topological model by using topological invariants which are : the separation number, the neighborhood and the spatial element type. This extension enriches and details the relations of the system RCC8 at two levels of detail. At the first level, the enrichment of the system RCC8 is made by using the topological invariant of the separation number and the new system is called "system RCC-16 at level-1". To avoid confusion problems between the topological relations of this new system, the second level by enriching the "system RCC-16 at level-1" is done by using the topological invariant of the spatial element type and the new system is called "system RCC-16 at level-2". These two systems RCC-16 (at two levels : level-1 and level-2) will be applied to satellite image analysis, change detection and spatial analysis in GIS. We propose a new method for detecting changes between a new satellite image and a GIS old digital map. This method integrates the topological analysis of the system RCC-16 to detect and identify changes between two satellite images, or between two vector maps produced at different dates. In this study of the enrichment of the system RCC8, spatial regions have simple spatial representations. However, the spatial and topological relations between regions in satellite images and GIS data are more complex, vague and uncertain. With the aim of studying the topological relations between fuzzy regions, a model called the Fuzzy topological model of Intersection and Difference (FID) for the description of topological relations between fuzzy regions is proposed and developed. 152 topological relations can be extracted using this model FID. These 152 relations are grouped into eight clusters of the qualitative relations of the system RCC8 : Disjoint (Disconnected), Meets (Externally Connected), Overlaps (Partially Overlapping), CoveredBy (Tangential Proper Part), Inside (Non-Tangential Proper Part), Covers (Tangential Proper Part Inverse), Contains (Non-Tangential Proper Part Inverse), and Equal. These relations will be evaluated and extracted from satellite images to give examples of their interest in the image analysis field and GIS. The contribution of this thesis is marked by enriching the qualitative spatial reasoning system RCC8 giving rise to a new system, RCC-16, implementing a new method of change detection, the model FID, and clustering the 152 fuzzy topological relations in eight qualitative clusters of the system RCC8
Ribes, Aurélien. "Détection statistique des changements climatiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439861.
Full textWang, Yan. "Détection des changements à partir de photographies." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30069/document.
Full textThis work deals with change detection from chronological series of photographs acquired from the ground. This context of consecutive images comparison is the one encountered in the field of integrated geography where photographic landscape observatories are widely used. These tools for analysis and decision-making consist of databases of photographic images obtained by strictly rephotographing the same scene at regular time intervals. With a large number of images, the human analysis is tedious and inaccurate. So a tool for automatically comparing pairs of landscape photographs in order to highlight changes would be a great help for exploiting photographic landscape observatories. Obviously, lighting variations, seasonality, time of day induce completely different images at the pixel level. Our goal is to design a system which would be robust to these insignificant changes and able to detect relevant changes of the scene. Numerous studies have been conducted on change detection from satellite images. But the utilization of classic digital cameras from the ground raise some specific problems like the limitation of the spectral band number and the strong variation of the depth in a same image which induces various appearance of the same object categories depending on their position in the scene. In the first part of our work, we investigate the track of automatic change detection. We propose a method lying on the registration and the over-segmentation of the images into superpixels. Then we describe each superpixel by its texture using texton histogram and its gray-level mean. A distance measure, such as Mahalanobis distance, allows to compare corresponding superpixels between two images acquired at different dates. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach on images taken from the photographic landscape observatory produced during the construction of the French A89 highway. Among the image segmentation methods we have tested for superpixel extraction, our experiments show the relatively good behavior of Achanta segmentation method. The relevance of a change is strongly related to the intended application, we thus investigate a second track involving a user intervention. We propose an interactive change detection method based on a learning step. In order to detect changes between two images, the user designates with a selection tool some samples consisting of pixel sets in "changed" and "unchanged" areas. Each corresponding pixel pair, i.e., located at the same coordinates in the two images, is described by a 16-dimensional feature vector mainly calculated from the dissimilarity image. The latter is computed by measuring, for each corresponding pixel pair, the dissimilarity of the gray-levels of the neighbors of the two pixels. Samples selected by the user are used as learning data to train a classifier. Among the classification methods we have tried, experimental results indicate that random forests give the better results for the tested image series
Fléchon, Elsa. "Définition d'un modèle unifié pour la simulation physique adaptative avec changements topologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10284/document.
Full textThe work made during my PhD, respond to the problematic of physical simulation of the behavior of deformable objects subject to topological changes in interactive time. My work resulted in the definition of a new unified model coupling a complete topological model and a physical model for physical simulation of deformable objects decomposed in surface as volume elements, while performing during this simulation topological changes such as cutting or subdivision local of a mesh element. This operation allowed us to propose an adaptive method where mesh elements are refined during the simulation according to a geometric criterion. For the topological model of our unified model, we made the choice of combinatorial maps and more particularly linear cellular complexes. Their main advantage of the latter is the simplicity of its equations, its intuitive implementation, its interactivity and its ease to handle topological changes. Finally, the definition of a unified model allowed us to propose a model avoiding duplication of information and facilitate the update after topological changes
Jung, Franck. "Reconnaissance d'objets par focalisation et détection de changements." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EPXX0036.
Full textGarcin, Laurent. "Techniques de mise en correspondance et détection de changements." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133078.
Full textBrisebarre, Godefroy. "Détection de changements en imagerie hyperspectrale : une approche directionnelle." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDM0010.
Full textHyperspectral imagery is an emerging imagery technology which has known a growing interest since the 2000’s. This technology allows an impressive growth of the data registered from a specific scene compared to classical RGB imagery. Indeed, although the spatial resolution is significantly lower, the spectral resolution is very small and the covered spectral area is very wide. We focus on change detection between two images of a given scene for defense oriented purposes.In the following, we start by introducing hyperspectral imagery and the specificity of its exploitation for defence purposes. We then present a change detection and analysis method based on the search for specifical directions in the space generated by the image couple, followed by a merging of the nearby directions. We then exploit this information focusing on theunmixing capabilities of multitemporal hyperspectral data. Finally, we will present a range of further works that could be done in relation with our work and conclude about it
Haouas, Fatma. "Raisonnement approximatif pour la détection et l'analyse de changements." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0150/document.
Full textThis thesis is the interaction result of two disciplines that are the change detection in multitemporal images and the evidential reasoning using the Dempster-Shafer theory (DST). Addressing the problem of change detection and analyzing by the DST, requires the determination of an exhaustive and exclusive frame of discernment. This issue is complex when images lake prior information. In this research work, we propose a new clustering algorithm based on the Fuzzy-C-Means (FCM) algorithm in order to define existing semantic classes. The idea of this algorithm is the representation of each class by a varied number of centroids in order to guarantee a better characterization of classes. To ensure the frame of discernment exhaustiveness, we proposed a new cluster validity index able to identify the optimal number of semantic classes. The third contribution is to exploit the position of the pixel in relation to class centroids and its membership distribution in order to define the mass distribution that represents information. The particularity of the proposed distribution, is the generation of a reduced set of focal elements and the respect of mathematical axioms when performing the fuzzy-mass transformation. We have emphasized the capacity of evidential conflict to indicate multi-temporal transformations. We reasoned on the decomposition of the global conflict and the estimation of the partial conflicts between the couples of focal elements to measure the conflict caused by the change. This strategy allows to identify the couple of classes that participate in the change. To quantify this conflict, we proposed a new measure of change noted CM. Finally, we proposed an algorithm to deduce the binary map of changes from the partial conflicts map
Bourdis, Nicolas. "Détection de changements entre vidéos aériennes avec trajectoires arbitraires." Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834717.
Full textBourdis, Nicolas. "Détection de changements entre vidéos aériennes avec trajectoires arbitraires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0028.
Full textBusiness activities based on the use of video data have developed at a dazzling speed these last few years: not only has the market of some of these activities widely expanded (video-surveillance) but the operational applications have also greatly diversified (natural resources monitoring, intelligence etc). However, nowadays, the volume of generated data has become overwhelming and the efficiency of these activities is now limited by the cost and the time required by the human interpretation of this video data. Automatic analysis of video streams has hence become a critical problem for numerous applications. The semi-autmoatic approach developed in this thesis focuses more specifically on the automatic analysis of aerial videos and enables assisting the image analyst in his task by suggesting areas of potential interest identified using change detection. For that purpose, our approach proceeds to a tridimensional modeling of the appearances observed in the reference videos. Such a modeling then enables the online detection of significant changes in a new video, by identifying appearance deviations with respect to the reference models. Specific techniques have also been developed to estimate the acquisition parameters and to attenuate illumination effects. Moreover, we developed several consolidation techniques making use of a priori knowledge related to targeted changes, in order to improve detection accuracy. The interest and good performance of our change detection approach has been carefully demonstrated using both real and synthetical data
Lee, Boram. "Teleconnections associated with climate variability in Europe and Asia." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MNHN0022.
Full textThis study has the objective to find evidences of the correlation between climate variations in Korea and those in Europe. Firstly, a homogenised time series of monthly mean surface air temperature (SAT) of the Korean peninsula was established, which serves as a basis for analysis of regional climate variability, over Korea and nearby regions. This time series was verified for its robustness by comparing with other long-term temperature series, as well as by analyzing its trend and interannual signals. The correlation analysis for anomalous signals in the newly constructed Korea SAT series (observations), in global SAT datasets, in geostationary teleconnection indices, and in the regional surface snow extent revealed that the SAT variability of Korea and East Asia is closely related to that of Europe, particularly in mid- and high-latitudes (above 40°N) during winter and spring seasons. This link has strengthened during the recent decades particularly after the significant interdecadal change that occurred around 1980. A major mechanism that explains this teleconnection is found to be the influence of the north-south gradient in the Northern Hemisphere (represented by AO / NAO): as the centres of AO / NAO signatures moved eastward in the recent period (after 1980), the link between this pattern and East Asian SAT has been strengthened which results in enhanced correlation between Europe and East Asia. The surface snow condition intensifies or reduces the extent of Arctic influence southward to the Eurasian continent, and therefore amplifies or reduces the correlations between the two regions through the Arctic system. Also, Central Asia is found to be under stronger influence of the lower latitudes and the North Pacific, which results in weaker correlation between this region and other parts of Eurasia. Analysis on the upper atmosphere solidified these findings from the correlation analysis between the surface parameters. The jet stream over Eurasia has slightly strengthened after 1980, and the intensity on the downstream side (eastern part of the centres) has increased, which supports strengthened AO / NAO signals over the Northern Hemisphere and eastward displacement of the correlation centres between the SAT and AO / NAO. The difference of the wave activity flux between the two periods (before and after 1980) confirmed enhanced Arctic influence over higher latitudes of Eurasia, and the North Pacific / Asian influence on Siberia and Central Asia
Fournier, Alexandre. "Détection et classification de changements sur des zones urbaines en télédétection." Toulouse, ISAE, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463593.
Full textBeisson, Rémi. "Détection de changements dans les séries temporelles d’images satellitaires multi-dimensionnelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0095.
Full textThis thesis focuses on change detection in multidimensional time series of satellite images. Specifically, we address the equality test of covariance matrices in the context of multivariate complex Gaussian time series. The covariance matrices of L time series, each of dimension M, are modeled as rank-K perturbations of the identity matrix, representing a signal-plus-noise model. In this research, we propose a novel test statistic based on estimates of the eigenvalues of covariance matrices. This test statistic is consistent in the asymptotic regime of large dimensions, where the sample sizes N1, . . . ,NL for each time series and the dimension M approach infinity at the same rate, while keeping K and L fixed. Additionally, we provide a control of the Type I error of the proposed test statistic in the asymptotic regime of large dimensions. Simulations on simulated data and real-world data have demonstrated rather satisfactory results compared to other relevant methods, even for moderate values of M and N1, . . . ,NL
Kalantari, Saman. "Introduction de fonctionnalités de changements d'états topologiques dans le formalisme de modélisation et de simulation CORDIS-ANIMA." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS004.
Full textL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Santini, Sébastien. "Flexibilité et changements topologiques de la protéine prion et du peptide β-amyloi͏̈de d'Alzheimer par simulations numériques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11029.
Full textBosc, Marcel. "Contribution à la détection de changements dans des séquences IRM 3D multimodales." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005163.
Full textHopuare, Marania. "Changement climatique en Polynésie française détection des changements observés, évaluation des projections." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0007/document.
Full textThe effects of climate change on Pacific islands is a major concern for the local populations. The rainfall parameter, specifically, appears as one of the sensitive parameters, as it determines water resources. The goal of this thesis is to bring a first insight into the 21st century evolution of precipitation in Tahiti.The first step was to characterize rainfall in Tahiti using data records from the observation network of Meteo France. The “rainfall season”, lasting from November to April, is the season of interest, as rainfall amounts are the highest at this time of the year. Indeed, the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), host of deep convection, remains the principal source of rainfall in Tahiti in austral summer (December-January-February). On interannual and interdecadal timescales, the El niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) imply north/south and east/west migrations of the SPCZ, drawing it away, or closer to Tahiti. The positive phase of the IPO involves a north-eastward displacement of the SPCZ, which causes higher rainfall amounts in Tahiti. The SPCZ is displaced towards the south- west during negative IPO phase, leading to a decrease of rainfall in Tahiti. The study reveals that the IPO positive phase favor the occurrence of intense El niño events. In those cases, the SPCZ is critically displaced to the north-east and lies zonally just south of the equator. Accordingly, the SPCZ is drawn away from Tahiti and alters the south-east flow of trade winds. As a result, substantial orographic precipitation affect the south-east coasts of Tahiti.Following the assessment of observed precipitation for the period 1961-2011, an original method has been set up to obtain a model able to resolve the island and capture the orographic effects at best. Two successive downscaling steps have been necessary to get the limited area model ALADIN-Climat over Tahiti (at the resolution of 12 km), starting from the global coupled model CNRM-CM with a resolution of 150 km. The regional model outputs have been compared to the observed records over the historical period. A linkage between observed and modeled precipitation has been defined. This linkage has been built between meteorological stations and model grid cells exhibiting similar behaviour regarding the phases of ENSO. It has been assumed that this linkage is still relevant in the 21st century. In this way, future precipitation in Tahiti, as realistic as possible, are deduced from modeled precipitation (at 12 km of resolution), following two IPCC scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The El niño-like spatial structure of global warming further confirms the relevance of the linkage built previously. The results obtained concern the southern coasts of Tahiti. Rainfall would gradually increase along the 21st century, as a consequence of global warming. In Papara, the austral summer mean rainfall height is 695 mm over the period 1961-2011. The mean value, for the period 2070-2100, would be 825 mm for the scenario RCP4.5 and 814 mm for the scenario RCP8.5, let say an increase of a little less than 20%. Superimposed to this long-range raise, El niño events would induce an excess of rainfall. This effect would be reduced at the end of the 21st century in RCP8.5. Conversely, La niña events would always involve a decline of rainfall, but would not succeed in counteracting the long-range increase
Hamze, Alaa. "Détection et localisation de changements dans une structure : application numérique et expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934435.
Full textXiao, Wen. "Détection de changements à partir de nuages de points de cartographie mobile." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1125/document.
Full textMobile mapping systems are increasingly used for street environment mapping, especially mobile laser scanning technology enables precise street mapping, scene understanding, facade modelling, etc. In this research, the change detection from laser scanning point clouds is investigated. First of all, street environment change detection using RIEGL data is studied for the purpose of database updating and temporary object identification. An occupancy-based method is presented to overcome the challenges encountered by the conventional distance-based method, such as occlusion, anisotropic sampling. Occluded areas are identified by modelling the occupancy states within the laser scanning range. The gaps between points and scan lines are interpolated under the sensor reference framework, where the sampling density is isotropic. Even there are some conflicts on penetrable objects, e.g. trees, fences, the occupancy-based method is able to enhance the point-to-triangle distance-based method. The change detection method is also applied to data acquired by different laser scanners at different temporal-scales with the intention to have wider range of applications. The local sensor reference framework is adapted to Velodyne laser scanning geometry. The occupancy-based method is implemented to detection moving objects. Since the method detects the change of each point, moving objects are detect at point level. As the Velodyne scanner constantly scans the surroundings, the trajectories of moving objects can be detected. A simultaneous detection and tracking algorithm is proposed to recover the pedestrian trajectories in order to accurately estimate the traffic flow of pedestrian in public places. Changes can be detected not only at point level, but also at object level. The changes of cars parking on street sides at different times are detected to help regulate on-street car parking since the parking duration is limited. In this case, cars are detected in the first place, then they are compared with corresponding ones. Apart from car changes, parking positions and car types are also important information for parking management. All the processes are solved in a supervised learning framework. Furthermore, a model-based car reconstruction method is proposed to precisely locate cars. The model parameters are also treated as car features for better decision making. Moreover, the geometrically accurate models can be used for visualization purposes. Under the theme of change detection, related topics, e.g. tracking, classification, modelling, are also studied for the reason of practical applications. More importantly, the change detection methods are applied to different data acquisition geometries at multiple temporal-scales. Both bottom-up (point-based) and top-down (object-based) change detection strategies are investigated
Germain, Simon. "Conception d'une mesure automatisée de détection des changements alimentaires chez le porc." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7925.
Full textColot, Olivier. "Apprentissage et détection automatique de changements de modèles : application aux signaux électroencéphalographiques." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES012.
Full textCarincotte, Cyril. "Segmentation markovienne floue d'images. Application en détection de changements entre images radar." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30046.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to unsupervised remote sensing image segmentation and change detection on SAR images. We first present a higher order hidden Markov chains model which allows to model complex noise structures, like correlated noises. In order to take into account several fuzzy characteristics of remote sensing images, we propose a fuzzy hidden Markov chains model, which jointly takes in account the fuzzy and noisy characteristics of the observations. This model authorizes the coexistence of hard and fuzzy pixels in the same image, and allows to characterize noisy gradation located on both sides of more homogeneous areas. We finally propose a methodology of change detection based on the fuzzy model, which allows to characterize the imprecision associated to the changes between two SAR images
Bendraou, Youssef. "Détection des changements de plans et extraction d'images représentatives dans une séquence vidéo." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0458/document.
Full textWith the recent advancement in multimedia technologies, in conjunction with the rapid increase of the volume of digital video data and the growth of internet ; it has becom mandatory to have the hability browse and search through information stored in large multimedia databases. For this purpose, content based video retrieval (CBVR) has become an active area of research durinf the last decade. The objective of this thesis is to present applications for temporal video segmentation and video retrieval based on different mathematical models. A shot is considered as the elementary unit of a video, and is defined as a continuous sequence of frames taken from a single camera, representing an action during time. The different types of transitions that may occur in a video sequence are categorized into : abrupt and gradual transition. In this work, through statistical analysis, we segment a video into its constituent units. This is achieved by identifying transitions between adjacent shots. The first proposed algorithm aims to detect abrupt shot transitions only by measuring the similarity between consecutive frames. Given the size of the vector containing distances, it can be modeled by a log normal distribution since all the values are positive. Gradual shot transition identification is a more difficult task when compared to cut detection. Generally, a gradual transition may share similar characteristics as a dynamic segment with camera or object motion. In this work, singular value decomposition (SVD) is performed to project features from the spatial domain to the singular space. Resulting features are reduced and more refined, which makes the remaining tasks easier. The proposed system, designed for detecting both abrupt and gradual transitions, has lead to reliable performances achieving high detection rates. In addition, the acceptable computational time allows to process in real time. Once a video is partitioned into its elementary units, high-level applications can be processed, such as the key-frame extraction. Selecting representative frames from each shot to form a storyboard is considered as a static and local video summarization. In our research, we opted for a global method based on local extraction. Using refined centrist features from the singular space, we select representative frames using modified k-means clustering based on important scenes. This leads to catch pertinent frames without redoudancy in the final storyboard
Elmi, Mohamed Abdillahi. "Détection des changements de points multiples et inférence du modèle autorégressif à seuil." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD005/document.
Full textThis thesis has two parts: the first part deals the change points problem and the second concerns the weak threshold autoregressive model (TAR); the errors are not correlated.In the first part, we treat the change point analysis. In the litterature, it exists two popular methods: The Penalized Least Square (PLS) and the Filtered Derivative introduced by Basseville end Nikirov.We give a new method of filtered derivative and false discovery rate (FDqV) on real data (the wind turbines and heartbeats series). Also, we studied an extension of FDqV method on weakly dependent random variables.In the second part, we spotlight the weak threshold autoregressive (TAR) model. The TAR model is studied by many authors such that Tong(1983), Petrucelli(1984, 1986). there exist many applications, for example in economics, biological and many others. The weak TAR model treated is the case where the innovations are not correlated
Habib, Tarek. "Mesures de similarités pour la détection de changements abrupts en imagerie satellitaire multicapteurs." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0122.
Full textImages acquired using satellites allows the study of the evolution of the earth's surface with a coverage (both spatial and temporal) that is impossible to match by any other technology. Despite this fact, in the case of a natural or industrial disaster, it is generally difficult to propose, in a reasonable delay, impact and da mage assessment using satellite images. Ln this thesis, we propose methods for the detection of abrupt changes. These methods are destined to solve the above mentioned technical problems, and thus satellite images could be fully exploited in the framework of risk and hazard assessment. The algorithms that we have developed are generic with respect to the type, resolution, quantity and the nature of the data, and they offer interesting results in terms of precision and computation time
Boisgontier, Hervé. "Détection automatique de changements en IRM de diffusion : application à la sclérose en plaques." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BOISGONTIER_Herve_2010.pdf.
Full textMedical imaging brings important information to help physicians in their diagnosis and therapeutical decision and for the follow-up of patients. Medical image processing enables to assist physicians with the interpretation and the analysis of images and particularly for the longitudinal follow-up of patients. Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a new technique that characterizes in vivo the water diffusion, especially in brain tissue. This thesis deals with the automatic detection of changes that can be observed between DTI acquisitions of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis. In this dissertation, we present statistical tools for detecting and analyzing intra-individual changes, adapted to both specificities of DTI and the follow-up of multiple sclerosis. Several information can be extracted from DTI acquisitions: the apparent diffusion coefficients, the diffusion tensor model and some indices characterizing diverse diffusion properties (mean diffusion, fractional anisotropy). The detection can be performed on these different kinds of representations. We present appropriated methods for each of these sets of images. These methods have been validated on simulated data and on a database of 21 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis
Wang, Xiuheng. "Approches conjointes de modélisation et d'apprentissage pour l'imagerie hyperspectrale et la détection de changements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5025.
Full textIn the era of artificial intelligence, there has been a growing consensus that solutions to complex science and engineering problems require novel methodologies that can integrate interpretable physics-based modeling approaches with machine learning techniques, from stochastic optimization to deep neural networks. This thesis aims to develop new methodological and applied frameworks for combining the advantages of physics-based modeling and machine learning, with special attention to two important signal processing tasks: solving inverse problems in hyperspectral imaging and detecting change points in time series. The first part of the thesis addresses learning priors in model-based optimization for solving inverse problems in hyperspectral imaging systems. First, we introduce a tuning-free Plug-and-Play algorithm for hyperspectral image deconvolution (HID). Specifically, we decompose the optimization problem into two iterative sub-problems, learn deep priors to solve the blind denoising sub-problem with neural networks, and estimate hyperparameters with a measure of the statistical whiteness of the residual. Second, we introduce an original hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion (HMIF) method. It leverages neural networks to learn image priors from data to solve the optimization problem accounting for inter-image variability. We also propose a zero-shot strategy to learn the image-specific priors in an unsupervised manner. The second part of the thesis focuses on modeling changes in data distribution and learning knowledge of time series signals to detect change points. First, we propose a change point detection (CPD) method using an online approach based on neural networks and continual learning to directly estimate the density ratio between current and reference windows of the data stream. Second, we introduce a non-parametric algorithm for online CPD in manifold-valued data and provide theoretical bounds on the detection and false alarm rate performances using a new result on the non-asymptotic convergence of the stochastic Riemannian gradient descent. Finally, we extend this algorithm to distributed CPD in streaming manifold-valued signals over graphs with a parallel implementation of a graph filter. This significantly improves the detection of change points in unknown communities of networks
Quin, Guillaume. "Etude des séries temporelles en imagerie satellitaire SAR pour la détection automatique de changements." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0003/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the MIMOSA (Method for generalIzed Means Ordered Series Analysis) change detection methood. This new technique can automatically detect changes between SAR image pairs or within time series. Indeed, thanks to the temporeal means, the number of involved images doesn’t matters because only two different means are compared to detect the changes (for example, the geometric and quadratic means). Thus, large data volumes can be processed easily, since the useful information is condensed within the temporal means. The only change detection parameter is the false alarm rate that will be MIMOSA method are very good compared to other methods. Several tests have been performed in order to quantify the robustness of the method facing the most common problems, like image misregistration or radiometric calibration errors. A graphical user interface has also been developed for MIMOSA, including many useful tools to prepare and process SAR data, but also several analyse tools
Quin, Guillaume. "Etude des séries temporelles en imagerie satellitaire SAR pour la détection automatique de changements." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0003.
Full textThis PhD thesis presents the MIMOSA (Method for generalIzed Means Ordered Series Analysis) change detection methood. This new technique can automatically detect changes between SAR image pairs or within time series. Indeed, thanks to the temporeal means, the number of involved images doesn’t matters because only two different means are compared to detect the changes (for example, the geometric and quadratic means). Thus, large data volumes can be processed easily, since the useful information is condensed within the temporal means. The only change detection parameter is the false alarm rate that will be MIMOSA method are very good compared to other methods. Several tests have been performed in order to quantify the robustness of the method facing the most common problems, like image misregistration or radiometric calibration errors. A graphical user interface has also been developed for MIMOSA, including many useful tools to prepare and process SAR data, but also several analyse tools
Jézéquel, Aglaé. "Approches statistique et épistémologique de l'attribution d'événements extrêmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV055.
Full textExtreme events are an expression of natural climate variability. Since anthropogenic emissions affect global climate, it is natural to wonder whether recent observed extreme events are a manifestation of anthropogenic climate change. This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the influence of anthopogenic climate change on observed extreme events, while assessing whether and how this scientific information - and more generally, the science of extreme event attribution (EEA) - could be useful for society. I propose statistical tools to achieve the former, while relying on qualitative interviews for the latter.The statistical part focuses on European heatwaves. I quantify the role played by the atmospheric circulation in the intensity of four recent heatwaves. This analysis is based on flow analogues, which identify days with a similar circulation pattern than the event of interest. I then disentangle the influence of climate change on the dynamical and non-dynamical processes leading to heatwaves. I calculate trends in the occurrence of circulation patterns leading to high temperatures and trends in temperature for a fixed circulation pattern, applied to the 2003 Western Europe and 2010 Russia heatwaves. I find that the significance of the results depend on the event of interest, highlighting the value of calculating trends for very specific types of circulation.The epistemological part evaluates the potential social uses of extreme event attribution. I assess how it could inform international climate negotiations, more specifically loss and damage, in response to a number of claims from scientists going in this direction. I find that the only potential role EEA could play to boost the loss and damage agenda would be to raise awareness for policy makers, aside from the negotiation process itself. I also evaluate how the different motivations stated by EEA scientists in interviews fare compared to the existing evidence on social use of this type of scientific information. I show that the social relevance of EEA results is ambiguous, and that there is a lack of empirical data to better understand how different non-scientific stakeholders react and appropriate EEA information
Weiss, Pierre. "Algorithmes rapides d'optimisation convexe. Applications à la reconstruction d'images et à la détection de changements." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00349452.
Full textJAMET, Olivier. "Comparaison Vecteurs-Images pour la détection des changements des bâtiments d'une base de données topographiques." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005662.
Full textWeiss, Pierre. "Algorithmes rapides d'optimisation convexe : applications à la restauration d'images et à la détection de changements." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4032.
Full textThis PhD contains contributions in numerical analysis and in computer vision. The talk will be divided in two parts. In the first part, we will focus on the fast resolution, using first order methods, of convex optimization problems. Those problems appear naturally in many image processing tasks like image reconstruction, compressed sensing or texture+cartoon decompositions. They are generally non differentiable or ill-conditioned. We show that they can be solved very efficiently using fine properties of the functions to be minimized. We analyze in a systematic way their convergence rate using recent results due to Y. Nesterov. To our knowledge, the proposed methods correspond to the state of the art of the first order methods. In the second part, we will focus on the problem of change detection between two remotely sensed images taken from the same location at two different times. One of the main difficulty to solve this problem is the differences in the illumination conditions between the two shots. This leads us to study the level line illumination invariance. We completely characterize the 3D scenes which produce invariant level lines. We show that they correspond quite well to urban scenes. Then we propose a variational framework and a simple change detection algorithm which gives satisfying results both on synthetic OpenGL scenes and real Quickbird images
Jamet, Olivier. "Comparaison vecteurs-images pour la détection des changements des bâtiments d'une base de données topographiques." Paris, ENST, 1998. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005662.
Full textPillet, Valentin. "Détection et attribution des changements morphologiques côtiers récents en milieu insulaire tropical (Polynésie française, Caraïbe)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS019.
Full textLow-lying reef islands and coastal areas of tropical mountainous islands are highly vulnerable to the impacts of tropical cyclones and the expected effects of climate change. However, while the French metropolitan coasts have benefited from a significant effort to assess their long-term changes, French overseas islands are the least documented areas in French Territory. Based on this observation, this thesis examines the respective contribution of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the past evolution of reef islands (French Polynesia) and mountainous island beaches (Northern Lesser Antilles). This study relies on a combined approach between geomatic and fieldwork. From a multi-scalar (spatial and temporal) analysis, we detect and attribute the planimetric changes experienced by the sedimentary systems of the studied islands. Results on reef islands are comparable to those of previous studies which established that most of the islands have been stable or in expansion over the last decades. They allow to suggest conceptual models of long-term trajectories and examine the respective contribution of the drivers considered in this study. On mountainous island beaches, this study shows that local settings explain the high longitudinal variability detected in various climatic situations. In addition, this study contributes to the global samples of studied islands and to move forward on the understanding of past coastal changes in French overseas islands
Demattei, Christophe. "Détection d'agrégats temporels et spatiaux." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134491.
Full textNous proposons une revue des méthodes existantes ainsi que notre contribution dans différentes directions. Deux approches sont proposées dans le cadre temporel permettant pour l'une d'éviter l'utilisation de simulations et pour l'autre de prendre en compte les données dont l'information temporelle est incomplète. Nous avons également mis au point une méthode de détection de clusters spatiaux de forme arbitraire permettant d'analyser des données dont on connaît la localisation géographique exacte. Cette approche a été appliquée sur des données particulières, celles obtenues par Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique fonctionnelle. Les perspectives d'analyse spatio-temporelle sont finalement évoquées.
Rioublanc, Stéphanie. "Modèles à changements de régimes markoviens : détection des régimes, mémoire courte ou mémoire longue et prévision." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0013.
Full textThis thesis deals with Markov switching models. We investigate the possible detection of several states inside data issued from simulated Markov switching models aid of various empiricals estimators. We also study the long or short memory behavior of those models and compare their forecast performance with that of long memory models
Deroche, Madeleine-Sophie. "Détection à court-terme et long-terme des tempêtes hivernales à fort potentiel d'impact." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066578.pdf.
Full textThe research carried out during the PhD deals with winter windstorms with high economic damage potential in Europe and can be divided in two parts. The first part aims at quantifying the impact of climate change on European winter windstorms and relies on datasets covering long periods of time (>30 years) either in the past or in the future. The objective of the second part is to forecast potential losses and claims associated with an upcoming extreme windstorm by using forecast data updated every six hours. The overall objective of the first part is to provide a medium-term view of what could be the winter windstorms in Europe during the 21st century. It thus completes the short-term vision of the risk given by the Catastrophe Models used by the (re)insurers to assess the cost of the risk on their portfolio. A new methodology has been developed to define the damage potential associated with European winter windstorms. The novelty of the methodology relies in the use of several variables capturing different spatiotemporal scales and the coupling that exists between variables during the cyclogenesis. Seeking for events sharing a similar intense signature simultaneously in the relative vorticity at 850 hPa, the mean sea level pressure and the surface wind speed lead to the detection of a small group of events. Comparing the number of events that belong to this group and their intensity in reanalysis datasets and different simulations of the future climate can provide enough information to insurance companies on the potential evolution of this hazard in a future climate. A first paper on the methodology has been accepted in the journal of Natural Hazard and Earth Science System.The methodology has been applied to the datasets provided by Global Climate Models (GCM) participating to the CMIP5 project. The goal is to assess the ability of GCMs to reproduce winter windstorms in Europe and the potential impact of climate change on the frequency and intensity of such events. A second paper presenting the results obtained from this second study will be submitted.The second part of the PhD focuses on the project Severe WIndstorms Forecasting Tool (SWIFT). The objective is to develop an early warning tool that detects an upcoming winter windstorms in meteorological forecasts updated every six hours and provides interested AXA entities with an alert on the upcoming windstorm as well as an estimate of the potential losses and claims.The tool has been developed in parallel of the research project and consists in two modules. In the first module, particularly intense systems are detected in meteorological forecasts and the associated gust footprint is extracted. In the second module, wind speeds are translated into a loss and a number of claims thanks to vulnerability curves. When a system is detected, an alert is sent with the appropriate information on the event propagation and the associated loss. The tool has been running automatically for the 2013 – 2014 winter season and detected most of the events that passed over Europe
Robin, Amandine. "Détection de changements et classification sous-pixelliques en imagerie satellitaire. Application au suivi temporel des surfaces continentales." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00163361.
Full textRobin, Amandine. "Détection de changements et classification sous-pixeliques en imagerie satellitaire : Application au suivi temporel des surfaces continentales." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05S019.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the land cover analysis and monitoring from remote sensing time series. The use of data with different resolution is critical for both a good discrimination and a good localization of the objects of interest. In this context, we propose two approaches for sub-pixelic classification and change detection, using very few {\it a priori} information. The first one is based on the definition of an energy function in a Bayesian framework. Given a number of classes, it enables an unsupervised estimation of the classification as a minimum of this energy function, through a simulated annealing algorithm. The second one is based on an a-contrario detection model with a stochastic algorithm that automatically selects the image subdomain representing the most likely changes. A theoretical and experimental analysis of the proposed approaches enabled to estimate their limitations and, in particular, to show their capability to deal with high resolution ratios. Actual applications are presented in the case of an agricultural scene of the Danubian plain (ADAM database)
Pfister, Laurent. "Analyse spatio-temporelle du fonctionnement hydro-climatologique du bassin versant de l'Alzette (Grand-duché de Luxembourg) : Détection des facteurs climatiques, anthropiques et physiogéographiques générateurs de crues et d'inondations." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR1GE05.
Full textWilcox, Catherine. "Evaluation de changements hydrologiques en Afrique de l'Ouest : Détection de tendances et cadre de modélisation pour projections futures." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU016/document.
Full textThe semi-arid regions of West Africa are known for their dry conditions which have predominated since the 1970s. In recent years, however, West Africa has witnessed a series of severe flooding events which caused widespread fatalities and socioeconomic damages. The emergence of this new problem demonstrates the sensitivity of the region to changes in the hydroclimatic system and calls for an improved characterization of flood hazard and the mechanisms that generate it. It also signals the need to develop projections for how flood hazard may evolve in the future in order to inform appropriate adaptation measures.In this context, the following PhD thesis seeks to answer three main questions:1) Is there a significant trend in extreme streamflow in West Africa, or are the documented flooding events isolated incidences?2) How can one model mesoscale convective systems, the primary driver of runoff in the region, in order to explore the properties of precipitation that drive streamflow?3) Based on potential climate change in the region, what trends might be observed in streamflow in the future?First, changes in extreme hydrological events West Africa over the past 60 years are evaluated by applying non-stationary methods based on extreme value theory. Results show a strong increasing trend in extreme hydrological events since the 1970s in the Sahelian Niger River basin and since the 1980s in the Sudano-Guinean catchments in the Senegal River basin. Return levels calculated from non-stationary models are determined to exceed those calculated from a stationary model with over 95% certainty for shorter return periods (<10 years).Next, recent developments are presented for a stochastic precipitation simulator (Stochastorm) designed for modeling mesoscale convective storms, the main rainfall source in the Sahel. Developments include a model for storm occurrence, the explicit representation of extreme rainfall values, and an improvement in the modeling of sub-event intensities. Using high-resolution data from the AMMA-CATCH observatory, simulation outputs were confirmed to realistically represent key characteristics of MCSs, showing the simulator’s potential for use in impact studies.Finally, a modeling chain for producing future hydrological projections is developed and implemented in a Sahelian river basin (Dargol, 7000km2). The chain is original as it is the first attempt in West Africa to encompass the continuum of scales from global climate to convective storms, whose properties have major impacts on hydrological response and as a result local flood risk. The modeling chain components include the convection-permitting regional climate model (RCM) CP4-Africa, the only RCM (to date) explicitly resolving convection and providing long-term simulations in Africa; a bias correction approach; the stochastic precipitation generator Stochastorm; and a rainfall-runoff model specifically developed for Sahelian hydrological processes. The modeling chain is evaluated for a control period (1997-2006) then for future projections (ten years at the end of the 21st century). Hydrological projections show that peak annual flow may become 1.5-2 times greater and streamflow volumes may double or triple on average near the end of the 21st century compared to 1997-2006 in response to projected changes in precipitation.The results raise critical issues notably for hydrological engineering. Current methods used to evaluate flood risk in the region do not take non-stationarity into account, leading to a major risk of underestimating potential floods and undersizing the hydraulic infrastructure designed for protecting against them. It is also suggested to not only consider rainfall changes but also societal and environmental changes, interactions, and feedbacks in order to better attribute past hydrological hazards and their future trajectories to related causes
Lefèvre, Sébastien. "Détection d'événements dans une séquence vidéo." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00278073.
Full textGrigis, Antoine. "Approches statistiques pour la détection de changements en IRM de diffusion : application au suivi longitudinal de pathologies neuro-dégénératives." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750933.
Full textPham, Thi Thanh Hien. "Détection des changements de l'occupation des terres de la zone littorale cas du district de Tiên Hai (Viêt-nam)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2415.
Full textGuérin, Cyrielle. "Génération de modèles numériques de surface et détection de changements 3D à partir d'imagerie satellite stéréoscopique très haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00953485.
Full textGuérin, Cyrielle. "Génération de modèles numériques de surface et détection de changements 3D à partir d'imagerie satellite stéréoscopique très haute résolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05S003.
Full textThe growing amount of satellite data, increasingly resolved spatially and temporally, represents a high potential of information allowing the accurate characterization of the evolution of an area of interest. For this reason, automatic analysis techniques such as change detection methods are widely investigated. Most of them are based on radiometric changes between remote sensed optical images. These methods are however very sensitive to a significant number of irrelevant changes such as those due to the variation of the geometrical conditions between two different acquisitionsThe objective of this work is then to develop an alternative method based on the elevation change detection. The advantage of using the elevation is that this information is particularly relevant and well adapted in a context of urban monitoring where the elements of interest correspond to buildings that can be constructed, modified or destroyed between two dates.In order to satisfy new needs in image analysis which require quick and reliable results, our method is a complete and automatic processing flow based on the analysis of high resolution satellite stereoscopic couples and the generation of Digital Surface Models (DSM). Stereoscopic DSMs, however, generally suffer from a high number of correlation errors leading to false alarms in the final change detection map. One of the main contribution of this work consisted in increasing the DSM accuracy, especially through a better handling of the occlusion and miss-correlation areas. For this purpose, the image matching technique has been improved and all DSMs computed from the same stereoscopic couple are then fusioned through a new approach, based on an optimization method.The comparison between our DSM with a LiDAR-based DSM indicates that our method largely improves the DSM quality, the amount of correlation errors is decreased while the occlusion areas are accurately localized. The change detection method itself is based on the labelization of the pixels of the differential DSM computed from the DSMs generated at each date of interest. This step, performed through another optimization process, enables to bring forward the relevant changes among the residual noise of the DSMs. The results, obtained for several experimental areas, show that more than 80% of the changes larger than 15 pixels x 15 pixels (100 m² with high resolution images) are detected with our method, with less than 20% of false alarms. We also show that these results mainly depend on the regularization parameter which controls the balance between the amount of false alarms towards the amount of true detections in the final results
Ferraris, Vinicius. "Détection de changement par fusion d'images de télédétection de résolutions et modalités différentes." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24107/1/Ferraris_Vinicius.pdf.
Full textAbou, Younes Fayez. "Détection des changements des propriétés mécaniques des tissus au contact d'un biomatériau : développement d'une nouvelle méthode basée sur les ultrasons." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1367.
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