Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection de bulles'
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Boussuges, Alain. "Maladie de décompression : modifications hématologiques et détection des bulles circulantes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1998AIX20669.pdf.
Full textBetter knowledge of the nitrogen supersaturation and desaturation phenomenoms together with their circulatory and biological consequences would be necessary for a better analysis of the physiopathology of the decompression illness (DCI). In this aim, we studied some parameters which could modify the production of nitrogen circulating bubbles, as an indice of nitrogen supersaturation. We demonstrated a lower circulating bubbles grade, following SCUBA dive with a lower ascent rate. We did not detect circulating bubbles after repeated and deep breath-hold living in underwater fishing divers. During those experimentations, continuous Doppler with blind positionning of the transducer appeared limited because of poor signal quality, in some subjects. In consequence, we developped a new method for the detection of circulating bubbles, which associates two-dimensionnal (2D) echocardiography and pulsed Doppler guided by 2D echocardiography. We performed a comparative study with the traditionnal continuous Doppler and we validated its performance. We think that this method for the detection of venous gas bubbles can also be proposed to critically ill patients suspected of iatrogenic venous gas embolism. Nitrogen supersaturation and desaturation phenomens may not resume DCI. We retrospectively analysed the clinical manifestations of an important population of patients victims of neurological decompression illness and we elaborated a gravity score of neurological DCI, which is necessary to allow comparaison of cohorts of patients. This first study underligned the difficulty to appreciate the individual severity with the only initial clinical signs. The venous haematocrit level may be another biological indice of severity as we demonstrated a correlation between an high haematocrit level and persistent neurological sequelae. At the contrary, we did not found any association between the severity of an accident and the activation of the coagulation
Tournaire, Agnès. "Détection et étude des ondes de taux de vide en écoulement diphasique à bulles jusqu'à la transition bulles-bouchons." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0030.
Full textSalomez, Pierre-Marie. "Caractérisation des fluctuations de pression dans un lit fluidisé en vue d'une méthode de détection précoce des dysfonctionnements." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD905.
Full textAfflard, Antoine. "Perturbation du champ magnétique dans un écoulement de liquide conducteur à bulles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSEP067.
Full textThis thesis is part of CEA's TECNA project, the aim of which is to develop instruments for detecting and quantifying the presence of bubbles in liquid sodium flows. These instruments are designed to detect any gas leaks in the circuits of sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors, in order to guarantee the safety of the operation. One of the measurement techniques considered involves inducing eddy currents in the flowing liquid, using an alternating magnetic field. Previous work has shown that Eddy-Current Flow Meters (ECFM), using this technique, can not only measure the flow of a metallic liquid in a pipe, but also detect the passage of electrically insulating inclusions (bubbles or particles).The interaction between the oscillating magnetic field generated by the ECFM and the passage of inclusions in a conductive fluid produces a disturbance in the magnetic field, which is detected by the ECFM. The measured signal then depends on the properties of the inclusions (positions, sizes). This work deals with the detection of electrically insulating inclusions in a liquid metal flow using eddy current perturbation. The aim of this thesis is to develop a two-phase flow loop to study the behavior of gas bubbles in liquid metal in turbulent flow. The aim is also to better understand and model the signals measured by the ECFM linked to the disturbance of eddy currents by the presence of bubbles.Simulations and an analytical model are developed to better understand the influence of inclusion size and position on the signal. An inverse method is developed to determine the radial position and diameter of an inclusion from the amplitude and phase shift of the perturbation it induces on the ECFM signal. In order to validate the modeling and the inverse method, experiments are carried out using solid particles in motion in a quiescent liquid metal. Subsequently, this method is applied to the characterization of ascending bubble trains in static metal. An experimental loop is specially designed to study the passage of bubbles of controlled diameter in a turbulent flow of liquid metal. The tests carried out validate the modeling of the electromagnetic interaction between the turbulent flow and the bubbles, as well as the response induced in the ECFM. The ECFM response induced by the passage of multiple inclusions is also modeled. For low void fractions, the disturbances induced by the passage of multiple inclusions are obtained by superimposing the individual responses of the inclusions. The results reveal the existence of ECFM configurations that are more sensitive to flow and others that are more sensitive to the presence of inclusions. These models open up promising prospects for the development of an inverse method for measuring the void fraction in a liquid sodium flow
Fouan, Damien. "Détection et caractérisation d'embolies gazeuses : application à la prévention des accidents de décompression." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4763.
Full textDecompression sicknesses (DCS) are a consequence of microbubbles formation in tissues during decompression. Many fields are affected by this issue: divers, astronauts, tunneling, hyperbaric medical staff... It is observed that these accidents can occur even if the decompression tables are respected. The detection and characterization of decompression bubbles have a diagnostic potential for the prevention of DCS. Today, the detection of microbubbles is performed by experienced health workers using Doppler systems. However, this approach has a high dependence on the operator and does not provide quantitative information (number, size) about the distribution of circulating bubbles. Moreover, it is not suitable for the detection of stationary bubbles (tissue bubbles).These limitations lead to the development of a bi-frequency ultrasonic method for microbubbles detection and characterization by setting them into resonance. The constraints as real-time measurements, size polydispersity ([1 to 200 μm]) and saturation of tissues require the use of very low powerful excitation but high bandwidth waves.The solutions implemented are aimed firstly to reduce the complexity of the instrumentation and secondly to consider the dynamics of the excitation. In addition, an original solution, protected by a patent, has been developed. It allows to overcome the measurement of resonance while maintaining a discriminating character between bubbles and tissues
Patraucean, Viorica. "Detection and identification of elliptical structure arrangements in images : theory and algorithms." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0020/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with different aspects concerning the detection, fitting, and identification of elliptical features in digital images. We put the geometric feature detection in the a contrario statistical framework in order to obtain a combined parameter-free line segment, circular/elliptical arc detector, which controls the number of false detections. To improve the accuracy of the detected features, especially in cases of occluded circles/ellipses, a simple closed-form technique for conic fitting is introduced, which merges efficiently the algebraic distance with the gradient orientation. Identifying a configuration of coplanar circles in images through a discriminant signature usually requires the Euclidean reconstruction of the plane containing the circles. We propose an efficient signature computation method that bypasses the Euclidean reconstruction; it relies exclusively on invariant properties of the projective plane, being thus itself invariant under perspective
Kchia, Younes. "Semimartingales et Problématiques Récentes en Finance Quantitative." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00635436.
Full textKumar, Mithlesh. "Magnetic flux distorsion in two-phase liquid metal flow." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/15854/1/Kumar_1.pdf.
Full textBachelet, Étienne. "Détection d'exoplanètes par effet de microlentille gravitationnelle : des observations à la caractérisation." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2138/.
Full textThe search of exoplanets using gravitational microlensing started in 1995. First results come quickly and the first exoplanet has been detected on 2003 by the OGLE and the MOA collaborations. Nowadays, more than twenty exoplanets are published and the number of detections should rise a lot in the coming years with the launch of KMTNet survey and EUCLID and WFIRST space-based observatories. When a "close" star, the lens, cross the line of sight between the Earth and a more distant star, the source, the luminosity of this source is magnified. By chance, if a planet orbits this lens star, it produces a second magnification of lower amplitude. The lightcurve of the event then shows a typical signature : a planetary deviation. In this manuscript, we present the theoritical and observational tools needed to detect planets with gravitational microlensing. We present two studies on two special events : MOA-2009-BLG-411L, a lens formed by a brown dwarf around an M-dwarf, and MOA-2010-BLG-477Lb, a super-Jupiter orbiting an M star. We finally present a study on planets already published in order to standardize theses results. Two major problems make this research difficult. First, the occurence of a microlensing event for a single star is very low (one in a million). We then need to observe very dense fields, such as the Galactic Bulge. Each night, OGLE and MOA surveys analyze the Galactic Bulge to detect events. The second problem is the planetary deviation is very short, one hour to few days for most massive planets. This is why we have to continously observe events and use telescopes all around the Southern Hemisphere. The rapid increase of detection during the last years forces the follow-up telescopes to choose which targets they need to observe. We so decided to develop a new software to make automatically this choice. At the end of this manuscript, we present a statistical study of microlensing parameters from four observational seasons. We expect these results will help to constrain theoritical model of the Milky Way in the future
Jukovskaya, Natalia. "Adaptation périphérique aux odeurs dans le bulbe olfactif : détection et conséquences sur l'hypérémie fonctionnelle locale." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T036.
Full textFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging technique (fMRI) uses hemodynamic changes in the brain for mapping neuronal activity. Although it is recognized that functional hyperemia is triggered by neurotransmitter release rather than energy consumption by activated neurons, the mechanisms which link neuronal activity and hemodynamic changes are still under debate. We used the olfactory bulb as a biological model to study the relationship between the amount of locally released glutamate from olfactory receptor neuron terminals and blood flow changes in capillaries. We used two-photon laser scanning microscopy to measure in parallel with high spatial and temporal resolution vascular responses in individual capillaries and Ca2+variations in the terminals of Olfactory Sensory Neurons (OSN). Here we report that functional hyperemia is positively or negatively coupled to the amount of the locally released glutamate as measured for Ca2+signals, depending on the absence or the presence of peripheral adaptation. In parallel we investigated the extent for which OSNs are activated homogeneously. We report that during peripheral adaptation OSN terminals are not homogeneously activated
Aimé, Pascaline. "Étude de la modulation de la détection olfactive par les états alimentaires et métaboliques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711645.
Full textZeboulon, Arnaud. "La détection des retournements du marché actions américain." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020033.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to build a model capable of detecting the reversals - shift from bull market to bear market or vice versa - of the American stock market, by using a relatively large number of explanatory variables, both of fundamental (macroeconomic and microeconomic) and of ‘technical analysis’ types.The statistical model used is static logistic regression, with lags for the independent variables ranging from zero to three months. Starting with twenty variables, the eight most significant ones have been selected on a training set consisting of monthly data of the S&P500 between 1963 and 2003. There sulting model has been tested over the 2004-2013 period and its performance was better than those of a buy & hold strategy and of a univariate model based on the variable with the highest predictive power – the latter model being the focus of a paper in the current literature. Another contribution of the thesis is that some variables not yet studied in the literature – the six month moving average of net non-farm job creations, the monetary base and the OECD Composite Leading Indicator – are statistically significant for our problem. Moreover, the predictive power of the binary variable indicating whether the S&P500 is above or below its ten-month moving average – a technical analysis variable – is much higher than that of the fundamental variables which have been considered. Finally, the two other most significant variables are macroeconomic ones: the spread between the ten-year T-bond and three-month T-bill rates and the moving average of non-farm jobs creations
Wu, Zhi-Qian. "Caveolin in membrane nanotubes : curvature sensing and bulge formation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLS007.
Full textCaveolin is one of the major protein components of caveolae, which are small cup-shaped invaginations in the plasma membrane. It is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum in a signal recognition particle-dependent manner and transported to the Golgi apparatus via COPII-coated vesicles. At the trans-Golgi network (TGN), caveolin 8S complexes further oligomerize into 70S complexes with the facilitation of cholesterol. They are then sorted intotransport carriers through an unknown mechanism and transported to the plasma membrane. The conventional structural model of caveolin might suggest it is a curvature-sensing protein based on its hairpin molecular shape. However, a recently discovered structure model of the caveolin 8S complex in detergent micelles based on cryo-electron microscopy, which exhibits a flat disc geometry, raises questions about its curvature sensitivity.Furthermore, cavins, another major protein component of caveolae that cooperate with caveolins in bending the membrane to form caveolae, do not associate with caveolins at the TGN. Given that no other known candidate, apart from cavins, can cooperate with caveolin to form transport carriers at the TGN, it becomes unclear how these carriers for caveolin are formed there. Therefore, in this project, we aimed to elucidate the curvaturesensitivity and induction of caveolin. We addressed these issues by reconstituting caveolin-1 (Cav1) into the membrane of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and by performing tube-pulling experiments. The results showed that caveolin is indeed a curvature-sensing protein, with caveolin 8S complexes exhibiting approximately a 5 degree tilt from the horizontal, which endows them with curvature sensitivity. Furthermore, we showed that caveolin 8S complexes can collectively generate membrane curvature at low tension and form scaffolds on the tubes at high tension. In summary, our results showed that caveolin is a curvature-sensing and -inducing protein, suggesting the possibility of its sorting into transport carriers at the TGN based on these properties. Interestingly, we observed that above a certain membrane tension Tt that depends on Cav1 density, nanotubes pulled from Cav1-GUVs no longer exhibit a constant radius and that caveolins form bulges on the tube. To explore how Cav1 form these bulges, we first observed that on average, bulges' size decreases with an increase in membrane tension. We found that the bulge size is proportional to the total amount of caveolin in the bulge, suggesting a constant Cav1 density in the bulges. Additionally, higher density of caveolin in the membrane favors bulge formation and lowers Tt. These results suggest that when the tube radius decreases, caveolin might induce formation of bulges to relax mechanicalconstraints due to the tubular geometry, but a model and high resolution imaging are now needed to explain these observations
Bachelet, Etienne. "Détection d'exoplanètes par effet de microlentille gravitationnelle : des observations à la caractérisation." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939349.
Full textGuichou, Rafaël. "Etude des perturbations du champ électromagnétique par un écoulement de métal liquide contenant une inclusion isolante." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0044/document.
Full textThis thesis is included in the conception of the prototype of Sodium Fast Reactor (SFR) ASTRID, currently studied in the CEA Cadarache. Velocimetry of liquid sodium in the primary andsecondary loops, and bubble detection in sodium (e.g. in case of leaks) represent a major issue for the control and oversight of the reactor. The electrical conductive property of liquid sodium allows to consider the use of Eddy Current Flow Meters (ECFM) for this purpose. A previous thesis realized by Mithlesh Kumar highlighted a decoupling of the signal measured with the ECFMrelative to the velocity, to the one relative to the presence of heterogeneities (such as bubbles). The object of the present thesis is to caracterize experimentally and analytically the effects of velocity and the effects of the presence of an insulating inclusion on the measured signal, thanks to modeled flows. This approach, complementary with most of the studies of real flows existing in the litterature, aims to give a tool for a physical comprehension of the system. Two experimental set-ups with liquid metal (galinstan) have been developed. The first set-up represent a galinstan flow in a cylindrical duct at uniform velocity (plug flow), advecting electrically insulating rigidinclusion simulating a bubble. The second experimental set-up is a galinstan flow in a cylindrical duct without inclusion. The controled parameters are the flow velocity (from 0.01 to 1 m/s), the size and location of the inclusion (radius from 1 to 2.5 mm, depth of 3 and 6 mm) and the frequency (from 0.5 to 20 kHz). The radius of the duct is equal to 12.5 mm, and the skin depth varies between 2.4 and 15.3 mm for this frequency range. Two theoretical models, based on the resolution of the induction equation of the vector potential, are moreover developed to determine velocity effects and inclusion effects on the measured signal. In both experimental studies, it is shown that the measured signal relative to the liquid metal velocity varies linearly with velocity and is maximal at a given frequency (f = 2 kHz here). These results are corresponding well with those of the first theoretical model and show a good agreement with litterature. Besides, in the first experimental study, the passage of the inclusion through the ECFM manifests itself by an oscillation of the measured signal. The behaviour of the oscillation is well described by the second theoretical model within the limit of low frequencies (up to 2 kHz) : the amplitude of the oscillation is then proportionnal to the inclusion volume and follows a power law in f^2. At high frequencies, it is shown that amplitude and phaseshift of the measured signal relative to the presence of an inclusion are highly impacted by inclusion size and depth. A first step of inverse method is developed from this result, in order to determine size and location of an inclusion
Vialatte, François Benoît. "Modélisation en bosses pour l'analyse de motifs oscillatoires reproductibles dans l'activité de populations neuronales: applications à l'apprentissage olfactif chez l'animal et à la détection précoce de la maladie d'Alzheimer." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001508.
Full textThieury, Margaux. "Développement de métamatériaux super-absorbants pour l’acoustique sous-marine." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLS004.
Full textThe constant evolution of sonar performance requires new designs of absorbent coatings for underwater acoustics. Such coatings are used to improve stealth of submarines but can also improve the efficiency of on-board detection systems. Bubble meta-screens (reminiscent of the so-called Alberich coatings) are a possible solution to tackle this issue. A bubble meta-screen consists of a periodic distribution of sub-wavelength air cavities trapped in a visco-elastic matrix. The cavities acoustically behave as bubbles and exhibit a low frequency resonance, known as the Minnaert resonance. Under certain conditions, the meta-screen can achieve a total absorption when placed in front of a perfect reflector. This doctoral work allowed us to build a phenomenological model, validated by numerical simulations and experiments, which can predict the reflection and transmission coefficients of the meta screen as a function of its geometric and rheological characteristics. Our model takes into account the influence of the temperature and static pressure on the performance of a meta-screen, as well as the role played by the shape of the cavities
Gornea, Razvan Stefan. "Détection directe de la matière sombre avec le détecteur à gouttelettes surchauffées dans le cadre du projet PICASSO." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18112.
Full textTardif, Frédéric. "Direct detection of dark matter with the PICO Experiment and the PICO-0.1 calibration chamber." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22214.
Full textEl, Omary Youssef. "Modèles déformables et Multirésolution pour la détection de contours en traitement d'images." Phd thesis, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083468.
Full textNotre propos dans cette thèse, est d'étudier ces modèles dans un environnement multirésolution.
Commençant par une étude des contours actifs à haute résolution, nous démontrons un théorème d'existence pour les contours actifs fermés et les contours actifs à extrémités libres. Nous présentons ensuite un nouveau modèle appelé la bulle déformable, qui a l'avantage d'avoir une représentation discrète, d'être relativement robuste au bruit et à la texture et d'agir par faibles déformations.
Ensuite nous étudions quelques techniques de multirésolution, en présentant les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune. A travers une proposition que nous avons montrée, nous établissons le lien entre la multirésolution et la notion de minimisation d'énergie.
Enfin, nous terminons par une proposition originale qui consiste à faire coopérer les contours actifs et la multirésolution. Cette coopération s'agrémente de plusieurs approches pour faire passer le contour du haut de la pyramide vers sa base. Elle associe entre autres une factorisation du modèle des contours actifs, d'une part selon une démarche de type membrane effectuée à basse résolution, et d'autre part selon une démarche de type plaque mince au travers des différentes résolutions supérieures permettant de réajuster le contour détecté jusqu'à la résolution initiale.
Lafrenière, Matthieu. "Mesures d'étalonnage aux neutrons et caractérisation par étude Monte Carlo de la réponse des détecteurs à gouttelettes surchauffées conçus pour la recherche et la détection directe du neutralino (la matière sombre) menant aux résultats finaux de l'expérience PICASSO." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20603.
Full textLaurin, Mathieu. "Recherche de la matière sombre à l’aide de détecteurs à liquides surchauffés dans le cadre de l’expérience PICO/Picasso." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18480.
Full textDark matter makes up 85% of the matter content of the universe and we still don’t know what it is made of. The Picasso experiment, now named PICO, has been searching for it for several years with the use of superheated liquid detectors. Following the interaction of a particle with a superheated liquid freon of the CXFY family, a bubble is formed through a phase change and is detected with several types of sensors, telling us about the nature of the event. Located at SNOLab, in Ontario, these detectors produce some of the best results in the field. The present work will go through three types of superheated liquid detectors. A full description of the working principles will be presented for each of them. In addition, the fabrication, the operation mode and the data analysis will be shown. Detector calibration techniques will then be presented with different particle sources. Finally, the most recent results will be discussed, demonstrating the performance of the superheated liquid detector technique.
Di, Marco Marie. "Réduction du bruit de fond en vue de la détection de la matière sombre avec le projet PICASSO." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14759.
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