Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détection d'activité des utilisateurs'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 43 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Détection d'activité des utilisateurs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Brissaud, Pierre-Olivier. "Analyse de trafic HTTPS pour la supervision d'activités utilisateurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0255.
Full textThe protection of the Internet users’ privacy has made every web service offer some security by using encryption. Thus, it is now impossible to use classical tools anymore, like DPI (deep pakets inspection), in order to detect malicious behaviour on the Internet. The main target of this thesis is to find new ways to monitor malicious behaviours despite the use of encryption (HTTPS). This new solution should, nevertheless, follow tree guidelines: passivity, transparency and privacy preservation. According to the works in the state of the art for encrypted traffic monitoring, they mainly focus about protocols or services detection but not about the detections of the users' behavior inside a service. The first objective is to construct a monitoring solution in order to detect some behaviour inside a web service protected by HTTPS used with HTTP/1.1. We develop an example which detects requests related to non-legitimate keywords on Images search engine by only monitoring the encrypted traffic. The solution reconstructs the size of the encrypted HTTP objects and builds a footprint of the related traffic by using the Kernel Density estimation method (KDE). The evaluation of this traffic classification when monitoring 10 000 keywords achieved an accuracy of more than 99% considering an open world scenario. Despite, this solution is very effective when monitoring HTTP/1.1 traffic, it shows some limitation when dealing with HTTP/2 traffic because of its impact on the traffic. Thus, the second goal is to adapt our knowledge for purposes of detecting keywords when HTTPS is used with HTTP/2. This new method is structured around some features collected on the encrypted traffic and use supervised machine learning (random forest) to classify them. The solution called H2Classifier is evaluated over four very used services (Amazon, Google, Google Images and Google Maps) and achieve a TPR between 61 and 98% depending of the service when monitoring 2000 keywords (per service) considering open world scenario. Finally, H2Classifier evaluated over the time, against new services and with new configurations too
Sagheer, Fakher. "Bayesian statistical methods for joint user activity detection, channel estimation, and data decoding in dynamic wireless networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04874844.
Full textGrant-free non-orthogonal multiple access (GF-NOMA) is gradually becoming an integral part of the physical layer of future radio access systems. By allowing access to a base station without explicit allocation of time/frequency/code resources, GF-NOMA not only improves spectral efficiency, but also enables ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Such requirements will make it possible to meet the specific challenges of wireless applications such as the Internet of Things, virtual reality, online video games, communications between machines, vehicles, etc.However, GF-NOMA introduces a new challenge that does not exist in conventional communication systems, namely user activity detection: in addition to channel estimation, detection and decoding of interfering users, the base station receiver must be able to classify them into two categories: those who are active and transmitting and those who are not. The massiveness of the system, the absence of power control on transmission and/or orthogonality of user pilot sequences are all characteristics which complicate processing at the receiver.The general subject of this thesis is the study of new statistical methods based on message passing algorithms on appropriate factor graphs in order to jointly handle all these tasks at the receiver level.Are studied more precisely:- a method (1) of hybrid Bayesian inference based on the belief propagation algorithm (BP) and the expectation propagation algorithm (EP) to solve the problem of joint activity detection, channel estimation, and multi-user detection in a synchronous GF-NOMA system with no transmit power control, orthogonal pilot sequences and multiple receiver antennas. By introducing an approximation criterion to express message passing as Gaussian laws, channel estimation and multi-user detection can be efficiently processed by the EP algorithm. This proving impossible in this form for detecting user activity, message passing in BP form is used for this purpose. The proposed method includes a step of estimating the hyperparameters of the model, which are the energy of the received signals and the spatial correlation between the receiving antennas. A reduced complexity variant ignoring the spatial correlation between receiving antennas is also proposed;- a method (2) of Bayesian inference based on the EP algorithm exploiting complex analysis methods (Wirtinger derivatives) making it possible to process user activity detection also in the form of a Gaussian message passing algorithm;- a method (3) preceding method (2) with a Bayesian compressed acquisition method responsible for the initial estimation of the channel and user activity in the more complex context of massive access with non-orthogonal pilot sequences for the users.The evaluation by simulations of these different methods is carried out in the particular case of a synchronous GF-NOMA system by coding, interleaving and OFDM modulation (GF-OFDM-IDMA). The performance obtained (measured in terms of residual bit error rate for detection and decoding, root mean square error for channel estimation, and false alarm and missed-detection probabilities for activity detection) compare favorably with those obtained with traditional methods published in the literature. Keywords: NOMA, grant-free, massive access, OFDM, factor graphs, message passing algorithms, belief propagation, expectation propagation
Ammar, Mahmoud. "Détection multi-utilisateurs pour l'UMTS." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES2006.
Full textThis thesis deals with multiuser detection for the uplink transmissions of third generation radio mobile systems (UMTS). The performance of the conventional detector is limited and it can be significantly degraded by MAI and the near-far effect. These problems can, however, be combatted with multiuser detection. The multiuser detector studied in this thesis is the Subtractive Interference Canceller, chosen because of its relatively low complexity and suitability for hardware implementation. There are two main categories of cancellers: the Parellel Interference canceller (PIC) and the Successive Interference canceller (SIC). We are more particularly interested in the problem of the uplink transmissins of the UMTS-FDD system, for which all the signatures of the users are known by the receiver. In this context, we have proposed a new strategy based on an iterative implementation of the suppression of interferences which makes it possible to deal with this problem in the case of asynchronous transmission on multipath channels. We have proposed two multi-user detectors. The first one is based on the SIC structure (SIC/RAKE) and the second one uses the PIC structure (PIC/RAKE). A comparison of the performances of the two detectors proposed in a UMTS-FDD context shows that the convergence of the SIC/RAKE detector is faster than that of the PIC/RAKE and the PIC/RAKE detector diverges in certain cases. To complete this study, we have proposed a new multi-user method of multipath channel estimation. This method uses conventionel channel estimation algorithms in an iterative interference cancellation structure. We could thus highlight the potentialities of the proposed SIC/RAKE structure in terms of performances as well as in terms of robustness with respect to the errors in the channel estimation
Abdi, Moussa. "Détection multi-utilisateurs en mode CDMA." Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0027.
Full textChiodi, Roberto Frédéric. "Détection d'activité vocale basée sur la transformée en ondelettes." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1293/1/030153819.pdf.
Full textOudet, Jean-Philippe. "Architecture distribuée pour la détection d'activité dans un Espace Intelligent." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1634.
Full textMillerioux, Jean-Pierre. "Techniques de détection multi-utilisateurs pour les communications multifaisceaux par satellite." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002006.
Full textKaroui, Jihen. "Détection automatique de l'ironie dans les contenus générés par les utilisateurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30145/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to detect figurative language devices in social networks. We focus in particular on irony and sarcasm in Twitter and propose an approach based on supervised learning to predict if a tweet is ironic or not. This required three steps: (1) Analyze the pragmatic phenomena of irony and a multi-level annotation of a corpus of reference, (2) Development of an automatic detection system for French tweets that exploits both semantic features and the extra-linguistic context, (3) Study of the portability of the model to detect irony in a multilingual setting (Italian, English and Arabic). The obtained results for this extremely complex task are very encouraging and will allow a significant improvement of polarity detection in sentiments analysis
Burykh, Serguei. "Détection multi-utilisateurs et estimation aveugle du canal pour les systèmes CDMA." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0002.
Full textThis study deals with multi-user detection and blind channel estimation for DS/CDMA systems. Multi-user detection represents a class of signal processing algorithms designed to combat the multiple-access interference and channel effects. Blind channel estimation aims to identify the propagation channel based on the observed channel outputs and the a priori statistical information on the inputs. In this thesis, a number of techniques is proposed for the receivers of DS/CDMA systems which can be implemented on either uplink or downlink. The basic assumptions are the periodicity of spreading codes and the availability of the desired user's spreading code at the receiver. First group of the considered algorithms relates to linear multi-user detection. In this class, we consider reduced-rank Wiener filters and we develop a novel reduced-rank filter : CGRRF. We next consider the blind subspace-based multi-user detector of Wang & Poor and we develop its efficient adaptive implementation which combats jointly the MAI and ISI. The next part of the thesis deals with non-linear suboptimal multi-user detection known as interference cancellation. We develop the Blind Interference Canceller (BIC) which can be implemented in the mobile terminal as it assumes the knowledge of the preading code of the desired user only. Final part of this thesis dedicated to the blind channel estimation in presence of carrier offsets (or Dopplershifts). All algorithms designed in this work are validated numerically by computer simulations of DS/CDMA communications over fading multipath channels
Carlier, Florent. "Nouvelle technique neuronale de détection multi-utilisateurs : Applications aux systèmes MC-CDMA." Rennes, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAR0019.
Full textOuertani, Karim. "Détection multi-utilisateurs pour un réseau de modems acoustiques sous-marins furtif." Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=14155.
Full textFor some applications the need for stealth and covert communications is crucial, especially for military purposes. The underwater acoustic channel is very noisy environment. It is subjected to multiple noise sources, reflections and refractions of acoustic waves, which creates multipath. Considering the multipath nature of the underwater acoustic channel and the transmission of acoustic waveforms at very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) as the need for low probability of intercept (LPI) is essential for our application, we propose a transmission scheme based on direct sequence spreading spectrum and code division multiple access (DS-CDMA). We present the receivers structures for this transmission method and we evaluate their performance. We study the performance of the proposed receivers for Rayleigh fading multipath channels in presence of multiuser access interference. The receivers structures allow both the channel parameters estimation by using a bench of matching filters to the spread code sequences of each user and to exploit the spatial diversity of the underwater acoustic channel by the mean of a coherent recombination of the different paths energy contributions, after the channel estimation (MRC : maximum ratio combining). The channel parameters, paths time delays and channel coefficients, are estimated at the output of matched filters at symbol rate. We show that we can potentially improve the system performance by implementing a successive interference cancellation method. The results obtained establish that the proposed system achieves excellent and robust performance at very signal to noise ratio. The convergence of the successive interference cancellation structure is achieved with no more than three iterations. At last, we introduce channel coding that allows us to improve the overall system performance along with its robustness by using error-correcting codes. Some of the developed algorithms were implemented and tested on real data procured by a sea trials campaign conducted off the coast of Brittany at Rade de Brest and in the Mediterranean Sea
Séris, Julie. "Étude de quelques méthodes de détection d'activité vocale dans des environnements industriels bruités." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2006. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/471/1/S%C3%89RIS_Julie.pdf.
Full textNadal, Florence. "Techniques de surcharge en utilisateurs d'un canal à accès multiple." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112301.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the channel overloading concept, which refers to the situation in which a system accommodates a greater number of users than allowed by the use of orthogonal signal waveforms. We showed the existence of two families of construction at the transmitter side allowing a spectral efficiency gain by the increase of the number of users. The first family of techniques includes the schemes making use of combinations of orthogonal CDMA and possibly of TDMA, and a construction proposed in the literature by Ross and Taylor. We investigated and compared the performance given by different methods of multiuser detection based on an iterative interference cancellation principle, which can be applied to these schemes in the absence of coding, on a Gaussian channel or on a non-selective Rayleigh fading channel. We next considered schemes from the second family of construction: on the one hand a scheme proposed following the interpretation of the above mentioned schemes as multilevel coding, and on the other hand IDMA (Interleave-Division Multiple Access), whose performance was studied on a Gaussian channel without coding, and compared to the other channel overloading techniques. Finally, we presented through a general matrix formalism some iterative techniques adapted to schemes with channel coding, and which can be used on a Gaussian or a Rayleigh multipath channel. Thus, several receiver structures adapted to each scheme (CDMA or IDMA) were proposed
Robidas, Simon. "Comparaison de méthodes pour la détection d'activité vocale à bande large sous différents bruits." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27290.
Full textCraciun, Alexandru. "Implémentation d'une méthode robuste de détection d'activité vocale sur le processeur de signal TMS320C6711." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2004. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/713/1/CRACIUN_Alexandru.pdf.
Full textBendjima, Brahim. "Amélioration de la parole et détection d'activité vocale dans les systèmes de télécommunications mobiles." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/91a9e016-24cc-4a30-95aa-2dbca48a1ab2.
Full textMany works have already been published on noise or echo cancellation, but they mainly concentrate on environments very different from the inside of vehicles. In a vehicle, the word enhancement process is also concerned by the interferences among interlocutors. This work analyzes methodically the techniques of spectral subtraction to deduce their performances on compensation of several typical damages present in the environment of vehicles. This leads to the suggestion of an effective system model for increasing word audibility. A new structure based on an algorithm for word / noise classification, relying on higher (than second) order statistics (HOS), an evolution of the extended spectral subtraction technique, ESS, and an adaptive identification system, AIS, is derived. It gives estimates from two simultaneous observations. The performances of this system in the classic noise reduction and echo suppression problems are investigated. This system includes a digital processing part for word enhancement and a communication part. It should be capable of localizing an identified (target) speaker, to cancel the echoes produced inside the vehicle, to fight against several various noise sources, and to block all other signals, which could as well influence any post-processing of the words, like compression, transmission, or reception
Sayadi, Bessem. "Détection multi-utilisateurs par réseau de filtres de Kalman parallèles pour les systèmes AMRC." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112224.
Full textThe research presented in this dissertation concerns the study of the multiuser detection as a symbol by symbol Bayesian estimation based on a symbol rate state space representation of the DS-CDMA system. The classical works on the Kalman filtering approach are based on the assumption of Gaussian signals. This is not valid in our context since the state noise presents a non Gaussian character (it is related to the transmitted symbols of users). By approximating their a posteriori pdf by a Weighted Sum of Gaussian (WSG) density function, where each Gaussian term parameters are adjusted using one Kalman filter, we show that the resulted MUD detector is structured into a Network of Kalman Filters (NKF). The proposed detector improves the performances of the classical structure such as DFE, MMSE,. . . Etc. It is also near far resistant. It presents an exponential complexity since it decodes jointly the users. So, we propose two simplified structures. The first is based on the application of a Network of LMS Filter. The second combines a hybrid SIC/PIC structure and a reduced Network of Kalman Filters-based on a reduced state space representation of the DS-CDMA system. The proposed structure involves two steps. The first, called forward step, decodes the users in a serial approach using a SIC structure. The second, called backward step, is based on a hybrid SIC/PIC structure in order to produce better estimates of the transmitted symbols. In addition to, we study the channel estimation in a multiuser context where we propose a hybrid structure for joint estimation and detection. This enable us to evaluate the impact of channel error estimation on the performances of the NKF detector. The second shutter of this dissertation is devoted to the study of the multiuser detection in an impulsive environment. After showing the deterioration of the performances of structures optimized under Gaussian hypothesis, we extend the formalism of Sorenson et al. To the case of the impulsive noise. We show that the resulted structure is a convex combination of two NKF working in parallel weighted by the probability of appearance of the impulsive noise (extended NKF structure). Further more, we propose a second structure based on the Huber's function called M-NKF-MMSE. Its performances are dependant on the value of the used threshold. Hence, in order to reduce the complexity of the proposed extended NKF structure, we propose to incorporate a Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT) for impulses localization. In fact, we show that the impulses localization in the received signal can be cast by two binary hypothesis. The resulted structure, is called NKF/Bayes. .
Shaposhnyk, Vladyslav, and Vladyslav Shaposhnyk. "Détection de patterns d'activité bioélectrique simulée et modélisation de réseaux neuraux bioinspirés par l'expression génique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00685211.
Full textQuotb, Adam. "Méthodes et systèmes pour la détection adaptative et temps réel d'activité dans les signaux biologiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762842.
Full textShaposhnyk, Vladyslav. "Détection de patterns d'activité bioélectrique simulée et modélisation de réseaux neuraux bioinspirés par l'expression génique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENS017/document.
Full textModular architecture is a hallmark of many brain circuits. Particularly, in the cerebral cortex it has been observed that reciprocal connections are often present between functionally interconnected areas that are hierarchically organized. Evolutionary development is another distinctive characteristic of living species, even the simplest viruses are capable to adapt to better fit new environmental conditions. Having hierarchical architectures and evolutionary features in mind, we build unique and novel simulation framework, which allows us to model and to study evolving hierarchically organized circuits of modules of spiking neural networks. Each module is characterized by embedded neural development and expression of spike timing dependent plasticity. Cell death, synaptic plasticity and projection pruning, embedded in the neural model, drive the build-up of auto-associative links within each module, which generate an areal activity that reflect the changes in the corresponding functional connectivity within and between neuronal modules. Bio-electric activity of each module is recorded by means of virtual electrodes and these signals, called electrochipograms (EChG), are analyzed by time and frequency domain methods in order to find general patterns of emerging behavior. Beside time and frequency domain analysis methods, a novel robust non-linear structural regression approach is proposed to provide researchers with more powerful tools specially adapted to the data typically used in the domain. We tested the effect of an external stimulus at fixed frequency fed to a sensory module, which pro jecting its activity to two hierarchically organized parallel pathways. We found that modeled circuits manifest behavior similar in certain aspects to that of real brains. We show evidence that all networks of modules are able to maintain long patterns of activity associated with the stimulus offset. These findings bring new insights to the understanding of EEG-like signals, both real and virtual. The findings prove that the approach is successful and could be extended to model cognitive and behavioral processes in the brains
Mohammad-Khani, Golam-Reza. "Détection multi-utilisateurs pour les systèmes asynchrones à étalement de spectre sur canaux de propagation multitrajets." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0038.
Full textWe have studied suboptimal multiuser detectors for the DS-CDMA asynchronous systems on multipaths frequency-selective channels, in two principal axes. 1- Linear Detectors in blocks: The decorrelator is often envisaged for his simplicity and his optimal near-far resistance. We have studied his practical realization by means of the edge correction method and we have showed how his structure on channel Gaussian could be generalized in the case of the Raleigh channel. For the moderate spreading factor (31), the single user bound is reached within less than 3dB for high SNRs. Eventually we show how the detectors with successive cancellation interference allow to obtain similar performances to ones of decorrelators with a lower complexity. 2- Iterative detectors using channel coding( turbo-detection, turbo-cancellation). In the context of services with small spreading factors the decorrelator performances must be improved. That's why we choose original turbo-type solutions which allow to reach the single user bound within less than 1dB for high SNRs. We have developed, based on the equivalent synchronous model, a new receiver model which exhibits outstanding performances even on multipath Rayleigh fading channel
Aarabi, Ardalan. "Détection et classification spatiotemporelle automatique d'évènements EEG pour l'analyse de sources d'activité cérébrale chez le nouveau-né et l'enfant." Amiens, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AMIED002.
Full textNeonates, especially the premature ones, are at high risk of brain damage and life-long cognitive disability. Concerning the full-term neonates, neurological pathologies are often accompanied by epileptic manifestations. These newborns may be impaired in other domains including coordination, cognition and behavior. EEG is a useful non-invasive tool to measure the electrical activity of the brain. In this thesis, we developed tools to identify normal and pathological EEG events in neonates and children. We paid a special attention to detect (i) seizures by using specific age-dependant features of the newborn EEG, (ii) brain epileptic states and (iii) short-term events like spikes and spike-and-waves for each state. We characterized EEG events by extracting a set of contextual features in order to classify them. Then, the location of cerebral generators was found and tracked by spatial clustering of the equivalent dipoles of the EEG events in different brain states. The results showed good sensitivities and selectivities with a low false detection rates in neonates and children
Ribeiro, Thierry. "Développement d'un appareil de quantification de croissance et/ou d'activité microbienne par impédancemétrie indirecte." Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1369.
Full textHuynh, Huu Hung. "Vidéosurveillance pour appartements intelligents : application à la détection de prise de médicaments." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22133/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to propose a hierarchical approach for recognition of themedication intake for elderly people. By analyzing the complex activity of the medicationintake we show that it consists of several activities, from low of high levels. So recognition ismade from top to bottom, from primary activity to simple activity and then complex activity.In addition, a simple calibration model, using a stereo camera is proposed to estimatethe depth of objects, for better handling of object occlusions. Consequently, the recognitionof the medication intake is more accurate.First of all, a background subtraction method is used to detect moving objects in theindoor environment. The segmentation of skin regions, and medication bottles is made usingcolor information, by thresholding.Secondly, by observing that the displacement of skin regions in two consecutive frames issmall, we use the minimum distance of displacement to track the skin regions. The regionsof hands are detected by exploiting the intensity contours. We detect the mouth by theAdaBoost method and the tracking of mouth is done using the Kalman filter and the ratioof colors R/G. The Kalman filter is also used for handling occlusions of regions of interest,between hand-face, and hand-hand.Finally, for the recognition of the medication intake, a hierarchical approach is proposed,based on primary activities. By detecting the overlap between the regions of interest, weidentify the primary activities. By exploiting the sequence of primary activities, we recognizesimple activities, that are inputs for recognizing complex activities, which correspond tomedication intake. The depth of occluded objects is estimated at the end to check thecontact state between these objects, to recognize more precisely the activities.Experience showed that our approach is more robust and flexible than prior works inthe literature on this subject. It allows to recognize different scenarios of medication intakeand can be applied to recognize other complex activities in general
Rivet, Bertrand. "La bimodalité de la parole au secours de la séparation de sources." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200871.
Full textSyed, Mohamad Jamalullil Bilfagih. "Transmission multiple porteuses utilisant un codage détecteur/correcteur d'erreur de type LDPC sur canaux MIMO : Détection multi-utilisateurs, turbo égalisation, diversité temps, espace, fréquence." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/fdaa373f-c0da-4eb9-abf9-3aed67119b83/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0006.pdf.
Full textWe are continuously looking for high-speed mobile system using at it best all the allocated and available radio resources. In order to increase the communication reliability and quantity, the error correcting codes such as LDPC and turbo detection are often used together with diversity techniques. In this thesis, four major points have been investigated. The first point relates to the transmitter created space, time and frequency diversity techniques. Diversity methods namely STBC, SFBC and STFBC were studied here. A novel matrix representation for SFBC and STFBC have been elaborated and presented. The second point focus on the turbo equalizer for space-time diversity systems. Our studies were based on the structure proposed by Lu. LDPC code and EM algorithm were the basic blocs of the turbo receiver. Some modifications have been made to the basic receiver structure especially on the initialization method in order to increase the systems performances. The SAGE algorithm was applied to speed up the overall convergence rate of the system. The third point was the uplink quasi synchronous multiple user detection in MIMO systems. We proposed two multiple user systems with an equivalent performances as single user system when some conditions were fulfilled. We have also elaborated in our proposed system that the potential very high rate system mixing and the Combined Array Processing techniques as proposed by Calder bank. Finally, in the fourth point, we presented using computer simulations proven that, in some cases, an additional symbol interleaver is required for multiple carrier space diversity system to concatenate with LDPC codes over frequency selective channels. It is well known that the LDPC codes have an intrinsic interleaver. However, the computer simulations showed that the intrinsic interleaver might be insufficient in this configuration
Meng, Zide. "Analyse temporelle et sémantique des réseaux sociaux typés à partir du contenu de sites généré par des utilisateurs sur le Web." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4090/document.
Full textWe propose an approach to detect topics, overlapping communities of interest, expertise, trends andactivities in user-generated content sites and in particular in question-answering forums such asStackOverFlow. We first describe QASM (Question & Answer Social Media), a system based on socialnetwork analysis to manage the two main resources in question-answering sites: users and contents. Wealso introduce the QASM vocabulary used to formalize both the level of interest and the expertise ofusers on topics. We then propose an efficient approach to detect communities of interest. It relies onanother method to enrich questions with a more general tag when needed. We compared threedetection methods on a dataset extracted from the popular Q&A site StackOverflow. Our method basedon topic modeling and user membership assignment is shown to be much simpler and faster whilepreserving the quality of the detection. We then propose an additional method to automatically generatea label for a detected topic by analyzing the meaning and links of its bag of words. We conduct a userstudy to compare different algorithms to choose the label. Finally we extend our probabilistic graphicalmodel to jointly model topics, expertise, activities and trends. We performed experiments with realworlddata to confirm the effectiveness of our joint model, studying the users’ behaviors and topicsdynamics
Dubois, Amandine. "Mesure de la fragilité et détection de chutes pour le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070972.
Full textAit-Idir, Tarik. "Iterative space-time processing for broadband wireless communications." Télécom Bretagne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TELB0023.
Full textDubois, Amandine. "Mesure de la fragilité et détection de chutes pour le maintien à domicile des personnes âgées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0095.
Full textPopulation ageing is a major issue for society in the next years, especially because of the increase of dependent people. The limits in specialized institutes capacity and the wish of the elderly to stay at home as long as possible explain a growing need for new specific at home services. Technologies can help securing the person at home by detecting falls. They can also help in the evaluation of the frailty for preventing future accidents. This work concerns the development of low cost ambient systems for helping the stay at home of elderly. Depth cameras allow analysing in real time the displacement of the person. We show that it is possible to recognize the activity of the person and to measure gait parameters from the analysis of simple feature extracted from depth images. Activity recognition is based on Hidden Markov Models and allows detecting at risk behaviours and falls. When the person is walking, the analysis of the trajectory of her centre of mass allows measuring gait parameters that can be used for frailty evaluation. This work is based on laboratory experimentations for the acquisition of data used for models training and for the evaluation of the results. We show that some of the developed Hidden Markov Models are robust enough for classifying the activities. We also evaluate de precision of the gait parameters measurement in comparison to the measures provided by an actimetric carpet. We believe that such a system could be installed in the home of the elderly because it relies on a local processing of the depth images. It would be able to provide daily information on the person activity and on the evolution of her gait parameters that are useful for securing her and evaluating her frailty
Portello, Alban. "Localisation binaurale active de sources sonores en robotique humanoïde." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01017770.
Full textBourennane, Walid. "Étude et conception d'un système de télésurveillance et de détection de situations critiques par suivi actimétrique des personnes à risques en milieu indoor et outdoor." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937264.
Full textBourennane, Walid. "Étude et conception d’un système de télésurveillance et de détection de situations critiques "par suivi actimétrique" des personnes à risques en milieu indoor et outdoor." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20072.
Full textThe aging of the population implies an evolution of the healthcare systems, in order to take over dependent people whose proportion is growing. A possible solution is to develop and implement a home care technology. In this context, this PhD work consist to design and test a multisensory monitoring system: deployment of sensors in patient environment, sensory data fusion and automatic diagnostic algorithms, in order allowing patients to live in better safety conditions and helping health professionals to give better care quality. This manuscript presents, in the beginning, the problematic of elderly care and the state of knowledge and practices of activity analysis systems for elderly, through a literature review. Then, it describes the design step of monitoring system according to a functional approach. This approach presents the implemented hardware and software architecture in order to satisfy established specifications. We worked on two projects: 1) Homecare System aims to experiment and validate the good working of a remote monitoring system for elderly (or disabled) suffering from Alzheimer's disease. 2) BéA System (Bracelet Electronique d’Autonomie) is oriented to outdoor monitoring of able-bodied people but frail: Our contribution is to implement a system architecture which integrates a self-adaptive algorithm for detecting and modelling wandering by day-part. For these two projects, we present the results and make a first experience feedback. Finally, we propose a potential economic model that defines the available options that allow, today, the deployment these types of system
Auffray, Jean-Michel. "Systèmes MIMO à porteuses multiples : étude et optimisation de la combinaison de codes temps-espace et des techniques MC-CDMA." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008453.
Full textAprès un état de l'art relativement exhaustif des systèmes MIMO en général et des codes temps-espace en particulier, nous proposons de nouveaux codes STBC orthogonaux, puis une représentation polynômiale permettant la comparaison des codes STTC existants. La combinaison STBC/MC-CDMA étudiée ensuite améliore sensiblement les performances d'un système MC-CDMA SISO tout en autorisant un décodage relativement simple. Leur optimisation repose sur des techniques de détection mono-utilisateurs ou multi-utilisateurs. Leur performances sont évaluées dans des configurations MISO ou MIMO, aussi bien sur des canaux théoriques que sur des canaux réalistes. Enfin, la combinaison STTC/MC-CDMA est étudiée.
Ollagnier, Anaïs. "Analyse de requêtes en langue naturelle et extraction d'informations bibliographiques pour une recherche de livres orientée contenu efficace." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0556/document.
Full textIn the recent years, the Web has undergone a tremendous growth regarding both content and users. This has led to an information overload problem in which people are finding it increasingly difficult to locate the right information at the right time. Recommender systems have been developed to address this problem, by guiding users through the big ocean of information. The recommendation approaches have multiplied and have been successfully implemented, particularly through approaches such as collaborative filtering. However, there are still challenges and limitations that offer opportunities for new research. Among these challenges, the design of reading recommendation systems has become a new expanding research focus following the emergence of digital libraries.Traditionally, libraries play a passive role in interaction with users due to the lack of effective search and recommendation tools. In this manuscript, we will study the creation of a reading recommendation system in which we'll try to exploit the possibilities of digital access to scientific information. Our objectives are: - to improve the understanding of user needs expressed in natural language search queries for books, articles and posts. This work will require the establishment of processes capable of exploiting the structures of data and their dimension; - to compensate for the absence of explicit links between books and journal articles by automatically detecting and analyzing bibliographic references, and then to propose links;- to achieve a reading recommendation system based on textual data to provide a customized recommendation list to active users, similar to systems already used by users profiles
Fares, Fares. "Traitement des signaux Argos 4." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0024/document.
Full textIn our thesis, we investigate the application of multi user detection techniques to a Low Polar Orbit (LPO) satellite used in the Argos system. Argos is a global satellite-based location and data collection system dedicated for studying and protecting the environment. User platforms, each equipped with a Platform Transmitter Terminal (PTT), transmit data messages to a 850 km LPO satellite. An ARGOS satellite receives, decodes, and forwards the signals to ground stations. All PTTs transmit at random times in a 100 kHz bandwidth using different carrier frequencies. The central carrier frequency f0 is 401.65 MHz. Due to the relative motion between the satellite and the platforms, signals transmitted by PTTs are affected by both a different Doppler shift and a different propagation delay. Thus, the Argos satellite receives overlapping signals in both frequency and time domains inducing Multiple Access Interference (MAI). One common approach to mitigate the MAI problem is to implement Multi User Detection (MUD) techniques at the receiver. To tackle this problem, several MUD techniques have been proposed for the reception of synchronous and asynchronous users. In particular, the Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) detector has been shown to offer a good optimality-complexity trade-off compared to other common approaches such as the Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver. In an Argos SIC receiver, users are decoded in a successive manner, and the signals of successfully decoded users are subtracted from the waveform before decoding the next user. This procedure involves a parameter estimation step and the impact of erroneous parameter estimates on the performance of Argos SIC receiver has been studied. Argos SIC receiver has been shown to be both robust to imperfect amplitude and phase estimation and sensitive to imperfect time delay estimation. The last part of our work focuses on the implementation of digital estimators for the Argos system. In particular, we propose a time delay estimator, a frequency estimator, a phase estimator and an amplitude estimator. These estimators are derived from the ML principle and they have been already derived for the single user transmission. In our work, we adapt successfully these estimators for the multi user detector case. These estimators use the Non Data Aided (NDA) cases in which no a priori information for the transmitted bits is required. The performance of these different estimators are compared to the Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) values. Finally, we conclude in our work by showing the different results obtained during this dissertation. Also, we give some perspectives for future work on Argos system
Nsiala-Nzéza, Crépin. "Récepteur adaptatif multi-standards pour les signaux à étalement de spectre en contexte non coopératif." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489462.
Full textNgo, Khac Hoang. "Non-coherent wireless communications : fundamental limits and system design." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC031.
Full textIn wireless communication over fading channels, especially multiple-antenna communication, the instantaneous knowledge of channel coefficients, so-called channel state information (CSI), is critical because it enables to adapt the transmission and reception to current channel conditions. The communication with a priori CSI at the receiver is said to be coherent. In practice, however, CSI is not granted for free prior to communication and needs to be estimated at a cost that should not be ignored, especially in a highly mobile environment. Thus, communication without a priori CSI, also known as noncoherent communication, is a more practical and general framework. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the theoretical limits of noncoherent communications, as well as the design of a practical noncoherent communication system in block fading. We consider three scenarios: the point-topoint (P2P) channel, the multiple-access channel (MAC), and the broadcast channel (BC).In the first part, we study the fundamental limits of noncoherent communications in terms of achievable data rate and degrees of freedom (DoF). We consider generic block fading in which the channel has finite differential entropy and finite second moment. First, we derive the optimal DoF for the noncoherent multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) P2P channel by using the duality approach to bound the input-output mutual information. Second, using a similar duality approach, we derive the optimal DoF region for the two-user noncoherent single-input multiple-output (SIMO) MAC, which can be achieved by time sharing between simple pilot-based schemes. Third, we derive achievable rate and DoF regions for the noncoherent MIMO BC with spatially correlated fading by exploiting the transmit correlation diversity, which is the difference between the correlation experienced by different users. In doing so, we carefully design pilot-based transmission schemes based on rate splitting, product superposition, and a combination of them to effectively transmit signals in both the common and mutually exclusive parts of the correlation subspaces. In the second part, we design the constellation and efficient detection schemes for noncoherent communications over Rayleigh block fading channel. First, we propose a structured Grassmannian constellation for the SIMO P2P channel that is simple to generate, has high packing efficiency, admits a simple yet effective binary labeling, and allows for efficient soft and hard detection. Second, we investigate joint constellation design for the MIMO MAC. We introduce some simple and effective design criteria so as to minimize the joint detection error, and propose some simple constellation constructions. Third, we propose a noncoherent multi-user soft detection scheme for the SIMO MAC in spatially correlated Rayleigh fading based on expectation propagation approximate inference. This scheme has polynomial complexity in the channel dimension while producing accurate approximate per-user posterior marginals leading to near-optimal error performance
Klein, Philipp. "Non-Intrusive Information Sources for Activity Analysis in Ambient Assisted Living Scenarios." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH8932/document.
Full textAs people grow older, they are often faced with some degree of decreasing cognitive abilities or physical strength. Isolation from social life, poor quality of life, and increased risk or injuries are the consequence. Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) is a vision for the way people live their life in their own home, as they grow older: disabilities or limitations are compensated for by technology, where care-giving personnel is scarce or relatives are unable to help. Affected people are assisted by technology. The term "Ambient" in AAL expresses, what this technology needs to be, beyond assistive. It needs to integrate into the living environment in such a way that it is not recognized as such any more. Interaction with residents needs to be intuitive and natural. Technical equipment should be unobtrusive and well integrated. The areas of application targeted in this thesis are activity monitoring and activity pattern discovery in apartments or small houses. The acquisition of information regarding the residents' activity is vital for the success of any assistive technology. In many areas of daily life, this is routine already. State-of-the-art sensing technology includes cameras, light barriers, RFID sensors, radio signal localization using transponders, and pressure sensitive Floors. Due to their operating principles, they have a big impact on home and living environments. Therefore, this thesis is dedicated to research for non-intrusive activity information acquisition technology, that has minimal impact on daily life. Two base technologies are taken into account in this thesis
Guilmart, Christophe. "Filtrage de segments informatifs dans des vidéos." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00668307.
Full textFrini, Marouane. "Diagnostic des engrenages à base des indicateurs géométriques des signaux électriques triphasés." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES052.
Full textAlthough they are widely used, classical vibration measurements have several limitations. Vibration analysis can only identify about 60% of the defects that may occur in mechanical systems. However, the main drawbacks of vibration measurements are the difficult access to the transmission system in order to place the sensor as well as the consequent cost of implementation. This results in sensitivity problems relative to the position of the installation and the difficulty to distinguish the source of vibration because of the diversity of mechanical excitations that exist in the industrial environment.Hence, the Motor Current Signatures Analysis (M.C.S.A.) represents a promising alternative to the vibration analysis and has therefore been the subject of increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, the analysis of electrical signatures has the advantage of being a technically accessible method as well as inexpensive and non-intrusive to the system. Techniques based on currents and voltages only require the motor’s electrical measurements which are often already supervised for the purposes of the control and the protection of the electrical machines. This process was mainly used for the detection of motors faults such as rotor bars breakage and eccentricity faults as well as bearings defects. On the other hand, very little research has been focused on gear faults detection using the current analysis. In addition, three-phase electrical signals are characterized by specific geometric representations related to their waveforms and they can serve as different indicators providing additional information. Among these geometric indicators, the Park and Concordia transforms model the electrical components in a two-dimensional coordinate system and any deviation from the original representation indicates the apparition of a malfunction. Moreover, the differential equations of Frenet-Serret represent the trajectory of the signal in a three-dimensional euclidean space and thus indicate any changes in the state of the system. Although they have been previously used for bearing defects, these indicators have not been applied in the detection of gear defects using the analysis of electrical current signatures. Hence, the innovative idea of combining these indicators with signal processing techniques, as well as classification techniques for gears diagnosis using the three-phase motor’s electrical current signatures analysis is established.Hence, in this work, a new approach is proposed for gear faults diagnosis using the motor currents analysis, based on a set of geometric indicators (Park and Concordia transforms as well as the properties of the Frenet-Serret frame). These indicators are part of a specifically built fault signatures library and which also includes the classical indicators used for a wide range of faults. Thus, a proposed estimation algorithm combines experimental measurements of electrical signals with advanced signal processing methods (Empirical Mode Decomposition, ...). Next, it selects the most relevant indicators within the library based on feature selection algorithms (Sequential Backward Selection and Principal Component Analysis). Finally, this selection is combined with non-supervised classification (K-means) for the distinction between the healthy state and faulty states. It was finally validated with a an additional experimental configuration in different cases with gear faults, bearing faults and combined faults with various load levels
OUERTANI, Karim. "Détection multi-utilisateurs pour un réseau de modems acoustiques sous-marins." Phd thesis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00960997.
Full textValin, Myriam. "Vidéosurveillance pour le contrôle de la prise de médicaments." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15721.
Full text