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Academic literature on the topic 'Détection/attribution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Détection/attribution"
PLANTON, Serge, and Laurent TERRAY. "Détection et attribution à l'échelle régionale : le cas de la France." La Météorologie 8, no. 58 (2007): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/2042/18205.
Full textDelicat Loembet, Lucrece Marcelline, A. D. Nno Mabiala, Ulrich Bisvigou, Eveline Avoune, Solange Bongo, André N’Tchoreret, Arnaud Kouoyo, et al. "Diagnosis of Sickle Cell Disease in Gabon Using Sickle SCAN®: A Point-of-Care Blood Test." International Journal of Translational Medical Research and Public Health 6, no. 2 (January 3, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.21106/ijtmrph.315.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Détection/attribution"
Bone, Constantin. "Détection et attribution du changement climatique à l’aide de réseaux de neurones." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS510.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on the development of new methods to address the issue of climate change detection and attribution. Climate is subject to two types of variability: variability arising from internal processes and variability arising from interactions between the different components of climate (land, oceans, atmosphere and cryosphere). This variability is called internal variability. A second source of variability is the so-called "forced" variability, due to the effect of forcings, which are elements outside the climate system that can affect it. The various forcings are greenhouse gases, natural or anthropogenic aerosols, land use, etc. Detecting and attributing climate change aims to distinguish the effects of internal climate variability from forced variability, and also to break down the latter by giving the relative influence of each forcing. This problem is fraught with difficulties, such as the relatively short temporal length of observations and the uncertainty of forced variability modelled in climate models. To this end, we are developing new methods based on the use of neural networks. Artificial intelligence is in fact a tool that has not yet been applied to this problem, making it possible to make effective use of data from simulations of a large number of climate models as well as observations. We have developed and applied two methods to the surface air temperature field, respectively separating internal and forced variability, and attributing the observed global surface temperature to different groups of forcings. The first of these methods for separating internal from forced variability is called "Noise to Noise" and is based on the literature of artificial intelligence image restoration. The three-dimensional field (time, latitude and longitude) of surface temperature simulations or observations is compared with a three-dimensional image. The internal variability is compared to a kind of noise similar to that found on images, in addition to the forced variability associated with the "real image". We have therefore used a neural network denoising methodology created for images, which we are adapting to our climate problem. The second of these methods aims to attribute the effect of three groups of forcings (greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols and natural forcings). It's a method drawn from explainable artificial intelligence called inverse optimization. It consists in finding the input of a trained neural network that corresponds to a given output result. This is done using a gradient descent method, by minimizing a cost function measuring the difference between the desired output and the output obtained. We use a convolutional neural network trained using global surface temperature outputs from historical climate model simulations. The purpose of the CNN is to reproduce the global surface temperature changes due to the ensemble of forcings, using as input the temperature changes due to the individual effect of the forcings. Once the network has been trained and its weights and biases fixed, an inverse optimization method, modified to better match the problem, is used. These two methods are implemented for the surface temperature variable over the historical period and their results are compared with those obtained with reference methods
Pillet, Valentin. "Détection et attribution des changements morphologiques côtiers récents en milieu insulaire tropical (Polynésie française, Caraïbe)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS019.
Full textLow-lying reef islands and coastal areas of tropical mountainous islands are highly vulnerable to the impacts of tropical cyclones and the expected effects of climate change. However, while the French metropolitan coasts have benefited from a significant effort to assess their long-term changes, French overseas islands are the least documented areas in French Territory. Based on this observation, this thesis examines the respective contribution of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the past evolution of reef islands (French Polynesia) and mountainous island beaches (Northern Lesser Antilles). This study relies on a combined approach between geomatic and fieldwork. From a multi-scalar (spatial and temporal) analysis, we detect and attribute the planimetric changes experienced by the sedimentary systems of the studied islands. Results on reef islands are comparable to those of previous studies which established that most of the islands have been stable or in expansion over the last decades. They allow to suggest conceptual models of long-term trajectories and examine the respective contribution of the drivers considered in this study. On mountainous island beaches, this study shows that local settings explain the high longitudinal variability detected in various climatic situations. In addition, this study contributes to the global samples of studied islands and to move forward on the understanding of past coastal changes in French overseas islands
Chagnaud, Guillaume. "Évolutions du régime pluviométrique au Sahel Ouest-Africain : détection, éléments d'attribution et projections." Université Grenoble Alpes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022GRALU027.
Full textAnthropogenic global warming has consequences on the hydrological cycle and in particular on rainfall at regional scales. Rainfall in the Sahel, driven by the West African monsoon, is characterized by significant variability over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales as well as by high sensitivity to global climate fluctuations. The socio-economic stakes of the region are particularly high, with, on the one hand, an essentially rain-fed agriculture that is vulnerable to droughts and, on the other hand, an increase in flood flows associated with strong demographic growth and little or unplanned urbanization, exacerbating the risk of flooding. In this context, this thesis aims to document and understand past changes in the sahelian rainfall regime in order to anticipate its future evolution. Existing tools allowing a fine description of the statistical properties of rainfall -- especially extremes -- over the region are adapted to a context of temporal non-stationarity. This framework has allowed to robustly demonstrate the increase in intensity of extreme rainfall events over the region, at time steps ranging from sub-hourly to daily. It was also shown that the strongest events are those whose frequency increases the most. These trends have been expressed in terms widely used in the field of hydrological engineering in order to promote the appropriation of decision support tools and the implementation of adaptation practices. The latest numerical climate simulations are then used to better understand the factors responsible for these changes. These simulations, which represent remarkably well the rainfall regime evolution observed since 1950 in the region, have highlighted the major role of anthropogenic climate forcing factors in the rainfall intensification: aerosols seem to be the main contributors to this trend, with an additional role of greenhouse gases. These forced signals were modulated in time and space by the internal variability of the ocean. Climate simulations in future socio-economic scenarios suggest the emergence of new hydro-climatic conditions over the region in the next decade, particularly with regard to extreme rainfall events. Thus, without the implementation of relevant and long-term adaptation measures, the consequences of increasingly frequent and intense extreme events will grow. On the other hand, the rainy season is experiencing a delay in its onset, which is made up for by more intense events later in the season. Such changes pose a serious threat to -- among other things -- agricultural yields, flooding (especially in urban areas) and the availability of water resources
Jézéquel, Aglaé. "Approches statistique et épistémologique de l'attribution d'événements extrêmes." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV055/document.
Full textExtreme events are an expression of natural climate variability. Since anthropogenic emissions affect global climate, it is natural to wonder whether recent observed extreme events are a manifestation of anthropogenic climate change. This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the influence of anthopogenic climate change on observed extreme events, while assessing whether and how this scientific information - and more generally, the science of extreme event attribution (EEA) - could be useful for society. I propose statistical tools to achieve the former, while relying on qualitative interviews for the latter.The statistical part focuses on European heatwaves. I quantify the role played by the atmospheric circulation in the intensity of four recent heatwaves. This analysis is based on flow analogues, which identify days with a similar circulation pattern than the event of interest. I then disentangle the influence of climate change on the dynamical and non-dynamical processes leading to heatwaves. I calculate trends in the occurrence of circulation patterns leading to high temperatures and trends in temperature for a fixed circulation pattern, applied to the 2003 Western Europe and 2010 Russia heatwaves. I find that the significance of the results depend on the event of interest, highlighting the value of calculating trends for very specific types of circulation.The epistemological part evaluates the potential social uses of extreme event attribution. I assess how it could inform international climate negotiations, more specifically loss and damage, in response to a number of claims from scientists going in this direction. I find that the only potential role EEA could play to boost the loss and damage agenda would be to raise awareness for policy makers, aside from the negotiation process itself. I also evaluate how the different motivations stated by EEA scientists in interviews fare compared to the existing evidence on social use of this type of scientific information. I show that the social relevance of EEA results is ambiguous, and that there is a lack of empirical data to better understand how different non-scientific stakeholders react and appropriate EEA information
Ribes, Aurélien. "Détection statistique des changements climatiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439861.
Full textJézéquel, Aglaé. "Approches statistique et épistémologique de l'attribution d'événements extrêmes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLV055.
Full textExtreme events are an expression of natural climate variability. Since anthropogenic emissions affect global climate, it is natural to wonder whether recent observed extreme events are a manifestation of anthropogenic climate change. This thesis aims at contributing to the understanding of the influence of anthopogenic climate change on observed extreme events, while assessing whether and how this scientific information - and more generally, the science of extreme event attribution (EEA) - could be useful for society. I propose statistical tools to achieve the former, while relying on qualitative interviews for the latter.The statistical part focuses on European heatwaves. I quantify the role played by the atmospheric circulation in the intensity of four recent heatwaves. This analysis is based on flow analogues, which identify days with a similar circulation pattern than the event of interest. I then disentangle the influence of climate change on the dynamical and non-dynamical processes leading to heatwaves. I calculate trends in the occurrence of circulation patterns leading to high temperatures and trends in temperature for a fixed circulation pattern, applied to the 2003 Western Europe and 2010 Russia heatwaves. I find that the significance of the results depend on the event of interest, highlighting the value of calculating trends for very specific types of circulation.The epistemological part evaluates the potential social uses of extreme event attribution. I assess how it could inform international climate negotiations, more specifically loss and damage, in response to a number of claims from scientists going in this direction. I find that the only potential role EEA could play to boost the loss and damage agenda would be to raise awareness for policy makers, aside from the negotiation process itself. I also evaluate how the different motivations stated by EEA scientists in interviews fare compared to the existing evidence on social use of this type of scientific information. I show that the social relevance of EEA results is ambiguous, and that there is a lack of empirical data to better understand how different non-scientific stakeholders react and appropriate EEA information
Jebri, Beyrem. "Attribution et reconstruction du rôle de la variabilité interne et des forçages externes sur le climat passé récent et du dernier millénaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS162.
Full textUsing large ensembles of IPSLCM5A model simulations, we first investigate the roles of internal variability (and in particular the IPO) and external forcing in driving recent Peru-Chile regional cooling. The simulations reproduce the relative cooling, in response to an externally-forced southerly wind anomaly, which strengthens the upwelling off Chile in recent decades. This southerly wind anomaly results from the expansion of the Southern Hemisphere Hadley Cell in response to increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion since ~1980. An oceanic heat budget confirms that the wind-forced upwelling dominates the cooling near the coast while a wind-forced deepening of the mixed layer drives the offshore cooling, irrespectively of the IPO phase, hence indicating the preeminent role of external forcing. Constraining the climate sensitivity from observations remains however fraught with uncertainties due to the limited instrumental window of observation. In a second part, a data assimilation method is developed to reconstruct past natural variability relying on a particles filter using CMIP-class climate models. Such method is confronted with a problem of degeneracy associated with the resolution of a large problem with a limited number of particles. This issue has been resolved using a statistical emulator of the IPSL model (LIM) as an integration model in a particle filter with resampling. The validation of this new method, called SIR-LIM, allows the reconstruction of the climate variability of the past centuries by assimilating observations and proxy records into a CMIP-class coupled model while preserving the physical coherence along the simulation
Bibi, Khalil. "Personal information prediction from written texts." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24308.
Full textAuthorship Attribution (AA) is a field of research that exists since the 60s. It consists of identifying the author of a certain text based on texts with known authors. This is done by extracting features about the writing style and the content of the text. In this master thesis, two sub problems of AA were treated: gender and age classification using a corpus collected from online blogs. In this work, several features were compared using several feature-based algorithms. As well as deep learning methods. For the gender classification task, the best results are the ones obtained by a majority vote system over the outputs of several classifiers. For the age classification task, the best result was obtained using classifier trained over TFIDF.