Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détecteurs de gaz – Gaz – Analyse'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Détecteurs de gaz – Gaz – Analyse.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ngo, Kieu An. "Etude d'un système multiplicateur pour la détection sélective des gaz." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30018.
Full textChemical sensors based on metallic oxide undergo a significant lack of selectivity to gases. To overcome this problem, we proposed a solution based on the electronic nose approach, i. E. The combination of several sensors with appropriate pattern recognition methods. A semi-automatic test bench including a matrix composed of several commercial gas sensors was carried out. We used two sensor heating procedures (isotherm mode and temperature modulation mode). Principal component analysis and artificial neural networks were used as pattern recognition techniques. The first heating procedure, applied to a six-sensor array, allowed to classify and to identify five toxic gases (CO, NH3, H2S, C2H2 and NO, each gas concentration was 100 ppm). Moreover, the quantification of gas in binary mixtures was satisfactory, with a RMSEPr value of about 10 %. The second heating procedure, applied to a four-sensor array, allowed to identify three reducing gases (CO, C2H2, and H2S) with concentrations varying from 25 ppm to 100 ppm
Mertens, Johann. "Conception d'un microlevier et analyse de sa réactivité avec un gaz : application à la réalisation d'un capteur de détection de florure d'hydrogène." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS055.
Full textThe objective of this work was the development of an hydrogen fluoride (HF) sensor by mechanical response of SiOx and Si3N4 microcantilevers that have typical dimensions of 2003́00́. 5 æm. Their fabrication uses thin films coating, lithography and reactive ion etching processes. A XPS, SIMS, AFM study of the dielectric layers shows a lateral etching orientation for SiOx and a transversal one for Si3N4. A gold layer (not reactive) is deposited on one face of the cantilever, making it sensitive to both temperature and surface stress. The sensitivity of the system to the temperature, pressure and humidity has been defined. SiOx and Si3N4 layers reactivity toward HF was measured in term of deflection and frequency resonance variation. The response of the sensor depends on the amount of HF introduced into the cell. The gas is then detected in term of irreversible deflection until 260 ppb. The influence of the surface roughness and stoichiometry of the reactive layers was demonstrated
Mouton-Chazel, Valérie. "Analyse des processus d'adsorption à l'interface solide-gaz par l'étude du phénomène de polarisation." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20155.
Full textBoulmani, Radouan. "Etude et réalisation d'un microcapteur à base d'oxyde de tungstène pour la détection d'ozone." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30024.
Full textThe gas sensors based on metallic oxides carried out on substrates of silicon present the majority of the devices of gas detection available in the Irade. The major problem encountered by these sensors, is often, the lack of selectivity, reproducibility, and the low sensitivity. In this work we realized, by using the micro-electronics techniques, a microsensor based on WO3 for the ozone detection. The sensor consists of two intergidited electrodes of platinum and of a thin layer of WO 3 (~ 60nm) deposited on SiO 2 / Si by R. F. Magnetron reactivate sputtering. This technique allows controlling the morphology of deposited layers- We studied the influence of several parameters. The self biasing voltage, acts more particularly on the density of me deposited layers. The percentage of oxygen present in plasma during the deposit affects primarily the size of the grains, the deposit time acts linearly on the layer thickness, in the studied range. The correlation between the sensitive layer morphology and the sensor response to ozone, enabled us to determine the realization process of a sensor which presents : a good response to ozone (R ozone / R air = 335), in a reproducible and stable way. We found that a homogeneous, granulose morphology with a small grains (~ 60nm), and a large specific surface is adapted for the gas sensor application. This morphology was obtained for layers deposited during 10 min with a self biasing voltage equal to -200 V, and an oxygen-argon ratio equal to 1. We also studied the influence of the operating temperature on the sensors responses to ozone. This temperature plays a very significant role for the activation of the adsorption and desorption phenomena. The produced sensors present optimal responses for an operating temperature equal to 250 °C, lower than those described in the literature
Strobel, Pascal. "Conception et réalisation d'un système multicapteurs portable intelligent en vue de la détection des gaz polluants N02, H2S et S02 en mélange de faible concentration." Metz, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2006/Strobel.Pascal.SMZ0641.pdf.
Full textThe intelligent gas sensor array systems (electronic nose) present an increasing development in many fields of applications. Concerning the campaign against the atmospheric pollution, the principally aim of our work is to realize and to validate a portable and autonomous electronic nose. After a state of the art on real time measurement of pollutant gases and the presentation of the principle of an electronic nose, a nomination of requirements for the engineering of a prototype is indicated. In order to fulfil the criteria of flexibility, cheapness, robustness and portability, we justify the choice of the six metal oxide gas sensors and the intelligent unit (microcontroller and Compact Flash memory) as well as the other components and their assembly. The realized prototype has been validated in laboratory for the detection of three pollutants gases: H2S, NO2 and SO2 in isolated state or in various mixtures with the small concentrations of industrial pollution near of emission sources. We have chosen multiple representative parameters of different phases and variations of the response of all the sensors. These parameters constitute a learning base and they are explored by a supervised classification method (Discriminant Factorial Analysis). We obtain a very good classification of the studied gas atmospheres as well as the concentrations of each atmospheric component. The obtained decision rules, which have been established in the memory of the prototype, allow the successfully identification of unknown gas composition samples
Perdreau, Nicolas. "Application des méthodes d'analyse multivariables à la détection quantitative de gaz par microcapteurs à base de dioxyde d'étain." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820773.
Full textAneflous, Latifa. "Systèmes nano- et micro-structurés à base de dioxyde de cérium et de sesquixyde de néodyme : propriétés électriques et catalytiques des solutions solides Ce1-xNdxO2-delta." Toulon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUL0004.
Full textTHe dioxide of cerium is used as gas sensor. Twos systems based on oxides of Ce(+IV) and of Nd(+III) are studied : a multiphase and nonostructured system, obtained by soft chemistry, at low temperature, starting from oxalates and of acetates ; a ceramics with micrometric granulometry, obtained after sintering of the nanostructured powders, to 1600°C. The structures are elucidated by DRX. Morphology is chacterized by MET coupled with the EDAX. The electric properties according to the composition in the temperature range 40-700°C are measured by SIE. With the top of 400°C, the contributions of the bulks grain boundaries and electodes are separate. Eponent n of model CPE is related to the microstructure. Conductivity reaches a maximum with neodymium 10%. The catalytic properties are studied for air-methane mixtures by spectroscopy IRTF. Measurements of conversion of methane show that these catalysts are very active at 350°C
Erades, Laurent. "Nanoparticules d'oxydes semi-conducteurs : synthèse, caractérisation et application à la détection sélective de gaz." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30031.
Full textHijazi, Mohamad. "Capteur de gaz SnO2 fonctionnalisé fonctionnant à température ambiante, sensible et sélectif pour la détection d’ammoniac." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEM030/document.
Full textOne of the major challenges in the modern era is how we can detect the disease when we are still feeling healthy via noninvasive methods. Exhaled breath analysis is offering a simple and noninvasive tool for early diagnosis of diseases. Molecularly modified SnO2 sensors seem to be promising devices for sensing polar gases such as ammonia. SnO2 surface functionalization was performed in order to obtain sensitive and selective ammonia gas sensor that operates at room temperature. The first step of functionalization is the covalently attachment of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) film on SnO2 in vapor or liquid phases. The characterization performed by the Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, show that more APTES were grafted by hydrous liquid phase silanization. The second step was the functionalization of APTES modified SnO2 with molecules having acyl chloride of end functional groups molecules such as alkyl, acid and ester groups. Pure SnO2 and APTES modified SnO2 sensors did not show any significant sensitivity to ammonia (0.2-100 ppm) at 25 °C. On the contrary, acid and ester modified sensors are sensitive to ammonia between 0.2 and 10 ppm at room temperature. However, ester modified SnO2 was more selective than acid modified sensor regarding the ethanol and carbon monoxide gases. Ammonia variates the attached molecular layer’s dipole moment which leads to change in SnO2 conductance. Working at ambient temperature is also one of the advantages of these sensors in addition to the selectivity to ammonia regarding other gases such as ethanol, carbon monoxide and acetone
Clarke, Kevin. "Estimation de la contribution de sources de nuisances olfactives par deux approches : réseaux de capteurs et analyses physico-chimiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10149/document.
Full textThe odor perceived in the vicinity of industrial areas is often the result of a combination of several odor sources. The objective of this thesis is to quantify simultaneously the contribution of each of these sources to the overall nuisance, in order to take appropriate corrective actions. In order to do so, two approaches are studied: the measurement of gaseous effluents using an electronic nose containing 6 non-specific gas sensors, and the chemical analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in the gaseous effluent using chromatographic techniques. The innovative aspect of the thesis comes particularly from the data analysis used in the two methods:- For the electronic nose, the signals obtained from the measurements of mixtures of odor sources are interpreted by calculating their proximity to the signals obtained from the measurement of individual sources: the proximity of a source can be correlated with its portion in the sample.- The use of a receptor model (the "Chemical Mass Balance", or “CMB” model) allows to interpret the concentrations of VOC in a mixture of sources. Indeed, each source having its own unique signature (or pattern), by performing different linear combinations of sources, it is possible to fit these combinations to the pattern of the mixture
Tropis, Cyril. "Analyse et Optimisation des performances d'un capteur de gaz à base de SnO2 nanoparticulaire : Application à la détection de CO et CO2." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459852.
Full textRichard, Lucile. "Développements de spectromètres ultrasensibles pour l'analyse de gaz par « optical feedback cavity enhanced absorption spectrocopy » dans le moyen infrarouge avec des lasers à cascades inter-bandes." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY004/document.
Full textThis work of these has made it possible to develop and characterize the use of instruments on the "OF-CEAS" technique in the mid-infrared for traces' detection in different mixtures in the gas phase. Inter-band Cascade Laser (ICL) is the latest innovation in semiconductor lasers in this spectral region. Compatibility of ICL with OF-CEAS offers new applications for compact and robust instruments with fast response time and a low detection limit. A demonstration of the good sensitivity and stability of the OF-CEAS instruments was performed with continua absorption measurements (water vapor and nitrogen). But also with the detection of a very low intensity quadrupole line of nitrogen (3x10-29 cm-1/(moléc cm-2). The main objective of this work was to develop an instrument dedicated to nitrogen oxide detection for the analysis of exhaled breath. The analyzer is presented at the sensitivity of 6x10-10 cm-1 in an acquisition of 180 ms. Its limit of detection on NO is at the state of the art, with short term (180 ms) limit of 50 ppt. It reaches the sub-ppt level (0.9 ppt) with 12 min of integration
Sohl, Lukas. "Development of PICOSEC-Micromegas for fast timing in high rate environments." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP084.
Full textFuture particle physics experiments will face an increasing particle flux with rising beam luminosity. Detectors close to the interaction point will need to provide robustness against the high particle flux. Moreover, a time resolution of tens of picosecond for Minimum Ionising Particles will be necessary to ensure a clear vertex separation of the reconstructed secondary particles and to reduce pile-up. This manuscript focusses on the PICOSEC-Micromegas, an innovative particle detector based on the Micromegas readout coupled to a Cherenkov radiator and a photocathode in front of the gaseous volume. In this way, each primary electron is located on the surface of the photocathode, suppressing thus the inevitable time jitter of several nanoseconds, due to the different ionisation positions created by the passage of a particle from the drift region of a gaseous detector. The drift region length is reduced to the same order of magnitude as the amplification region (100-200 μm) to minimise direct gas ionisation, and it is additionally used as a pre-amplification stage. A mathematical model, based on GARFIELD++ simulations, is developed to describe the propagation of the pre-amplification avalanche showing that the length and multiplication of the avalanche in the drift region is the dominant factor in the timing performance. The PICOSEC-Micromegas concept is studied with several prototypes optimising the electric fields, the drift distance, and the gas mixture in the LIDYL (Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers) UV laser facility. A single photoelectron time resolution of ~44 ps is measured with the shortest tested drift region length of 119,μm and the highest stable field setting. Measurements performed in the secondary particle beam at CERN have resulted in a time resolution of 24 ps for 150 GeV muons with a drift region length of 200 μm and a CsI photocathode providing 10 photoelectrons per MIP. In order to evolve from the detection concept to a versatile instrument, several prototypes are developed, focusing on specific properties needed for future applications: anode segmentation, spark quenching, photocathode efficiency and robustness for higher particle flux. An hexagonal segmented multipad prototype is tested in the beam with a time resolution of ~36 ps in the central pad. The operation in high rate environments is studied with different resistive strip and floating strip anodes resistive detectors in muon and pion beams. Time resolutions significantly under 100 ps and stable operation in the pion beam are achieved with all resistive prototypes. Robust photocathode materials, as an alternative to CsI, are investigated to reduce degradation from the ion-backflow generated in the pre-amplification avalanche. The most promising materials are diamond-like carbon (DLC) and boron carbide (B4C). Considering all the results achieved, two application cases are projected with the PICOSEC-Micromegas detector. The first one is the use in a calorimeter as a timing layer. Many secondary particles are produced in an electromagnetic calorimeter after few radiation lengths and a time resolution down to ~5 ps is expected with the PICOSEC-Micromegas. The second one is particle identification trough time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. The PICOSEC-Micromegas is expected to double the momentum range of current TOF detectors for π/Κ separation with 3σ
Delpha, Claude. "Contribution au développement d'un système multiplicateurs de gaz : application à la détection de gaz réfrigérant Forane 134a et de gaz carbonique dans une atmosphère conditionnée humide." Metz, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2000/Delpha.Claude.SMZ0031.pdf.
Full textThe development of gas multisensor systems (electronic noses) has now an increasing interest in many field of application. In the field of atmospheric anti-pollution control our study consists in the main detection of a refrigerant gas Forane 134a and carbon dioxide in a humidity controlled atmosphere. We first give the state of the art on electronic noses and gas sensors, and then we present to justify our choice for array of tin dioxide (SnO2) sensors from FIGARO Engineering Inc. We mention the main constraints for their use allowing us to define the experimental set-up useful to their study. We show the importance of this set-up by noting the errors and other lack of precision which can be induced in the measurements if a good control is not correctly operated. Afterwards, we give the characterization results of the chosen sensor types for the different possible atmospheres : dry or wet synthetic air mixed with various concentrations of our two target gases R134 and CO2 and their mixture. We underline the reducing type response of the sensor in presence of humidity or R134a, and the oxidising type response CO2. We also show the influence of the relative humidity on the alone or mixed studied gases. From this characterization two main representative variables are extracted : the steady-state conductance and the conductance dynamic slope. The system learning data base is then built and we show that the association of the reference gas conductance as a variable with the two other types allow us to reduce the drift effects during the treatment with multivariate data analysis methods (Principal Component Analysis and Discriminant Factorial Analysis). Finally we propose decisive laws for the identification of the target gases and also their possible quantification. These laws allowed us the successful identification (more than 99%) of unknown test cases
Potdevin, Guillaume. "Développement de photocathode de meilleures efficacitées quantiques pour détecteurs à gaz." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10009.
Full textThis work concerned the development of a new generation of photocathodes for X-rays gas filled detectors. The thesis contains a description of the monte carlo studies, as well as experimental tests of various photocathodes which were carried out during the thesis work. Last, interesting results concerning CsI3 as an interesting precursor to CsI (as a secondary emitter) are given
Gautheron, Benoît. "Elaboration de couches minces de SnO2 pures et dopées (Pd, Ni) par pyrolyse d'un aérosol généré par ultrasons. Caractérisations microstructurale et électrique ; application à la détection des gaz." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0160.
Full textMorin-Duponchelle, Guillaume. "Reconnaissance automatisée de points d’intérêts pour un robot d’inspection dans un environnement contraint et dégradé : inspection visuelle et chimique par un robot hexapode." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0009.
Full textThe thesis subject concerns the automatic recognition of points of interest (PI) for an inspection robot in a constrained and degraded environment. The objective of this thesis work is to develop a robotic platform capable of carrying out autonomous missions based on detected visual and chemical PIs, a so-called bimodal problem. The combination of visual and chemical percepts optimizes localization accuracy and ensures information redundancy. The field of study concerns 3 application cases: case 1, the inspection is carried out in a confined space (industrial environment). Case 2, the inspection is carried out in an environment with a proven risk of loss of signal and predominantly rocky (mine, underground quarry). Case 3, the inspection is carried out in an environment that has undergone significant deformations and therefore a modified and chaotic geometry of the inspection sites (natural disasters such as earthquakes or landslides in an urban environment). In this study, a contextual case analysis method is proposed and presented in order to analyze the constraints of the different complex environments for the robotic solution. The thesis therefore brings together different issues: the study of environmental constraints, the choice of the robotic solution, autonomous navigation and visual and chemical servoing. Following this contextual analysis, a state of the art is oriented on the terrestrial robotic platform to determine the most suitable robotic solution to operate in the 3 application cases. The hexapod robots were chosen for their ability to overcome obstacles, their stability, and their carrying capacity for sensors, in particular. A method is proposed to reach the source of the percept in an unstructured environment by relying on visual and chemical PIs. For the evaluation of the proposed methodology, the visual PIs considered are of the QR code type and the detection of the concentration of a gas concerning chemical servoing. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is first demonstrated by simulations. Finally, a hexapod prototype is designed, built and developed using the ROS software architecture. The developed hexapod carried out a mission within an industrial environment and inside a shipbuilding including a series of obstacles (case 1 of the study). The results of this robotic approach arefinally presented, commented and discussed
Helli, Omar. "Multicapteurs de gaz pour la conception d'un nez électronique de surveillance de la pollution atmosphérique : application à la detection de NO2 et H2S dans une atmosphère humide chargée de CO2." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2003/Helli.Omar.SMZ0303.pdf.
Full textSougrati, Moulay Tahar. "Corrosion atmosphérique des bronzes et Spectroscopie Mössbauer." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347816.
Full textPatois, Tilia. "Elaboration et caractérisation de polymères conducteurs electrosynthétisés : Application à la détections de gaz polluants." Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA2030.
Full textThickness, hydrophobicity, semi-crystallinity, electrical conductivity, conduction mode, morphology, or roughness are properties that can be tuned and controlled by varying electrochemical conditions (such as electrodposition potential, nature of the electrolyte salt or salt monomer concentration used during the electrodeposition of polypyrrole. [. . . ] The synthesis of hybrid materials based on polypyrrole and sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine was also performed. These new materials, introduced into the gaz sensor notably improved the sensitivity of the sensors to ammonia and were proved to be more efficient than sensitive layers only composed by a polypyrrole film
Ould, Daddah Brahim. "Capteurs potentiométriques de gaz carbonique, réalisés en technologie microélectronique hybride "couches épaisses"." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR12325.
Full textFaure, Sébastien. "Synthèse et caractérisation de complexes métalliques en série bistétraazamacrocyclique face à face : étude de leurs propriétés photophysiques." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5048.
Full textGroboillot, Anne. "Comparaison de capteurs à membrane gazeuse utilisant soit un chromatographe, soit un spectromètre de masse : application au suivi de substances volatiles de procédés de fermentation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10471.
Full textMitev, Krasimir. "Modélisation numérique des mécanismes de fonctionnement d'un compteur proportionnel cylindrique utilisé pour la mesure absolue de l'activité volumique du krypton-85." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30241.
Full textBouhadid, Myriam. "Conception, caractérisation et mise en œuvre de matériaux organiques conducteurs pour des applications dans le domaine des capteurs chimiques." Pau, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/41/98/89/PDF/TheseBouhadid.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this project was to prepare, study and test new generation of chemical sensors based on conducting polymer composite material. All the steps concerning the feasibility of the sensors have been studied. The active layer was made of composite containing intrinsically conducting polymers as polyaniline (Pani). The synthesis of the conducting composites was optimized and obtained with an environmental friendly process (no acid nor organic solvent) at low cost and thus easy to scale up. Several composites made of polyacrylate/polyaniline were obtained, parameters as dopant chemical nature and polyaniline content were studied. To answer the fundamental questions and to reach the applications mentioned, the structure and several physico-chemical properties (composite formulation, response to gas exposure, signal treatment…) were studied in details on samples and devices that are prepared and characterized in a systematic and controlled way. The procedure to test these new sensors has been optimized in a climatic chamber previously calibrated to control the temperature, the relative humidity and the ammonia concentration parameters. Performances of the sensors were then carried out in terms of reproducibility, sensibility, reversibility, selectivity… Effects of specific conditions as humidity, temperature, and more commonly ageing study were studied and the sensor response was recorded to certify the gas sensor safe for use in hazardous location. This study demonstrated the feasibility of whole polymer (polyaniline composite) sensors to detect ammonia. Moreover, all the performances of this new chemical sensor are in line with the market needs in terms of response time, sensitivity, reproducibility. At last, these sensors introduce a breakthrough technology since their response is reversible with no need of servicing or calibration between two exposures. This feature is very interesting in terms of time-life and cost
Yoboue, N'Goran Pamela Marie Josephe. "Etude technologique pour l'amélioration des performances d'un capteur à gaz à oxyde métallique : développement d'une plateforme chauffante et intégration de couche sensible nanostructurée." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/911/.
Full textIn recent years, the development of metal oxides gas sensors has experienced a considerable growth because of an interest more and more important in the protection of environment and people safety. Thanks to technological advances in microelectronics that promote better performances, low costs in terms of consumption and production, these sensors can be used for monitoring air quality in many fields such as transport, industry or housing environment. It is clear that metal oxide sensors sold today present mixed performances. Indeed, despite an interesting sensitivity with a detection threshold around the ppm, those sensors also have low selectivity and great instability, which limit their use to simple detectors. For that matter, these imperfections are the motor of many researches including development of new sensing materials but also new transducers. The goal of this thesis is to prove that it is possible to improve the performances of those metal oxide gas sensors especially on aspects of consumption (<80mW) with a remarkable mechanical stability and electrothermal stability up to 600°C. For that, our work consisted firstly to redefine a new design and then to optimize technological process to develop high-temperature microhotplate. Then we worked on the optimization of ink jet process as a new technological way to integrate nanoparticular sensitive materials; a way much more reproducibly than current deposition techniques. The first tests were conducted with ZnO nanoparticles and have shown promising results especially for flexible integration of various sensing materials for new multisensors
Bourrounet-Dubreuil, Brigitte. "Conception et développement d'un système à multiples capteurs de gaz : application en agro-industrie." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT004C.
Full textCamara, El Hadji Malick. "Développement d'un micro-preconcentrateur pour la détection de substances chimiques à l'état de trace en phase gaz." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448980.
Full textIn the field of gas detection, one major trend is to miniaturize analytical techniques. In such technological developments, the gas pre-conditioning is usually very important. This may involve, firstly, the modification of a gas mixture, for example to improve the selectivity of a detection device, secondly, the effect of preconcentration in order to increase the sensibility of the detector. Indeed, in some applicative environments the concentration of gas is too small and therefore a preconcentration unit at the entrance of the analytical device is needed. When a preconcenrator is used, the gas mixture to be analyzed flows through it and is accumulated during some time, then the mixture is desorbed by a temperature pulse and brought to the detector. This work presents the development of a gas preconcentrator based on a micro-channel in porous and non-porous silicon filled with an adequate adsorbent material by micro-fluidic process in open micro-device or by impregnation in close one. The particularity of this device is its applicability in the fields of atmospheric pollution monitoring (Volatiles Organic Compounds-VOCs) and explosives detection (nitroaromatic compounds). Various designs of micro-devices have been investigated and a special focus has been dedicated to the carbon adsorbent. The optimization of the device and its operation were driven by its future application in outdoor environments. The benefits of using porous silicon to ease the fixing of the carbon absorbent in the reactor and to modify the gas desorption kinetic are also investigated
Labidi, Ahmed. "Etude de capteurs de gaz à base d'oxyde de tungstène (WO3) par spectroscopie d'impédance." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30025.
Full textThe aim of this work is the determination of detection mechanism for WQ3 based sensors by impedance spectroscopy, under reducing (ethanol and acetone) or oxidizing (ozone) gases. This technique is a powerful method for understanding the conduction processes and the solid/gaz interaction mechanisms of these sensors kind. The studied WOa sensitive thin layers were deposited at the laboratory by reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering and vacuum evaporation. These techniques permit to prepare homogeneous and polycrystalline thin layers. The morphological properties were studies by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The impedance investigation showed that the sensors interaction with ozone and organic vapors depends on the W03 sensitive layer morphology in particular of their density of grain boundaries. We have also analyzed by impedance spectroscopy the response under ozone and ethanol of W03 based sensors wherein the film surface was modified by gold (Au) or palladium (Pd) metal additive. The results of these studies showed that the Au addition improves slightly the sensitivity of the sensors toward ethanol, for the films of WO3 obtained by sputtering or evaporation. Under ozone, the Au addition seems to be able to improve the sensitivity of WC3 sensors film prepared by evaporation. For instance, the sensors became practically insensitive toward the two used gases when Pd is added. The results of this work make it possible to determine the principal morphological parameters to take into accounts for the improvement of the WO3 based sensors responses
Passard, Michelle. "Analyse et modelisation de l'action des gaz sur des semi-conducteurs organiques (phtalocyanines) pour l'application aux capteurs de gaz." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF21721.
Full textBilli, Elena. "Développement de capteurs de gaz électro-chimiques pour le contrôle de la pollution de l'air." Lyon, INSA, 2003. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2003ISAL0001/these.pdf.
Full textTwo ceramic gas sensors, developed by screen-printing technique, are considered. The first is able to detect CO and Nox concentrations in combustion processes and, to increase its durability, a alpha-alumina protective layer was deposited by screen-printing on the sensor sensing element. The alpha-alumina screen-printable ink was realised with a new formulation to minimise the possible interactions between the layers. The other sensor is a device for CO₂ monitoring in urban areas: the sensing materials, Nasicon and Yttria stabilised zirconia, are deposited as overlapped films. After the thermal treatment this sensor doesn't work because of an interface reaction between the layers. This reaction is studied by SEM and TEM and is not avoidable. Then the sensor is realised by substitution the Nisicon film with a beta-alumina one and it shows good sensibility and stability
Chalabi, Habib. "Conception et réalisation d'une plate-forme multi-capteur de gaz conductimétrique…Vers le nez électronique intégré." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30064.
Full textSemiconducting oxide gas sensors often bases on structures unstable over time and presents always low gas selectivity. Thus this work describes the development of new generation gas microsensors. The different elements of the device have been studied and improved. In particular, a new micro-hotplate with platinum resistance could be achieved by using a numerical approach based on the finite element method. Good control of technological processes has enabled the development of a multi-sensors technology involving four cells on one chip. A WO3 sensitive layer was able to be integrated into this system and electrical and thermographic characterizations of devices have been enabled to validate functioning and good stability of structures. Preliminary tests in controlled gaseous atmosphere have provided good overall performances in term of sensibility and selectivity. This work is encouraging first stage for electronic nose realisation
Jouve, Christophe. "Etude de matériaux composites dans des structures : métal-composite-métal, métal-composite-semiconducteur : application aux capteurs en phase gazeuse." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO10232.
Full textDufour, Nicolas. "Conception et réalisation d'un multicapteur de gaz intégré à base de plateformes chauffantes sur silicium et de couches sensibles à oxydes métalliques pour le côntrole de la qualité de l'air habitacle." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2207/.
Full textMany recent studies have shown the presence of high amounts of pollutants inside the car cabin. The proposed solution for this problem is the development of a gas sensor capable of detecting pollutants entering in the vehicle, resulting in the closing of vents in the case of a pollution peak. Metal-oxides chemical micro-sensors are the best candidates to solve this problem: they are highly sensitive to many gases, fast response times, and their production cost is low. Their main drawback is a lack of selectivity. The research work consisted of developing a micro-device incorporating a gas multi-sensor array based on conductivity detection: different sensitive layers are integrated on a single silicon micro-machined chip, in order to selectively detect several gases: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide nitrogen (NO2), ammonia (NH3), acetaldehyde (C2H4O) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). To do this, three main areas of research have emerged. The first part of this study focused on the design of the heating micro-platforms using a multiphysics simulations tool to optimize, on the one hand, their structure and geometry to achieve the expected thermal performances (thermoelectric efficiency optimization and minimizing interaction of a cell to another), and on the other hand, the thermo-mechanical performance given the possibility to use sensors in a fast thermal transient mode. The resulting model was validated by comparison with physical measurements. This has allowed us to improve the thermal behavior of the membrane surface and reduce manufacturing costs by simplifying the design. The manufacturing in clean room of the multisensor platform was then performed taking into account the improvements proposed by the modeling. A specific study on the integration process of an industrial technique to deposit sensitive materials by inkjet was conducted. A method for depositing quickly and at low costs several sensitive layers (ZnO, CuO and SnO2) on a single sensing structure has been developed. Finally, we proceeded to develop a decision-making system, including two elements: the development of an optimized profile to control the heating and sensitive resistors to improve the sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and a data multivariate analysis. It has therefore been possible to selectively detect most of the target gas (alone and mixed) at low concentrations (NO2-0. 2ppm, C2H4O-2ppm, NH3-5ppm and CO-100ppm)
Moudakkir, Salah. "Etude physico-chimique de l'oxyde d'étain SnO2. Aptitude à la réalisation d'un capteur passif sensible aux traces de gaz réducteurs dans l'air." Tours, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOUR4016.
Full textDaher, Carlos. "Etude et réalisation de capteurs térahertz à base de nanocanaux asymétriques de gaz d’électrons bidimensionnel." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS121/document.
Full textTerahertz frequency domain (THz, 1 THz = 10^12 Hz) is part of the electromagnetic spectrum that is not yet under control. It does have physical properties that concern very different fields such as spectroscopy, telecommunications, imaging, security...The project goal of this thesis was to study and to realize a new type of THz sensor based on asymmetrical nanochannels of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) also called Self‐Switching‐Devices (SSDs). These new devices have a non-linear I-V characteristics allowing them to operate as quadratic detectors like conventional Schottky diodes.SSDs manufactured by creating – into a heterojunction containing a two-dimensional electron gas — two symmetrical L-shaped insulating trenches arranged in head to tail, present high electron mobility that allows them to work at very high frequencies. Contacts are simply made by metal deposit on each side of the device and the completely planar architecture allows easy downscaling and parallelization. This is a great contrast with the traditional diode, and obviously leads to a significant reduction of the production cost. Moreover, the extremely simple architecture enables a very low parasitic capacitance and therefore a very high operation speed. From Monte Carlo simulations, the device is expected to operate also in the THz frequency range, in which very broad ranges of applications have been visualized.We have developed two experimental benches and demonstrated, in a quasi-optical configuration, free space and at room temperature that gallium nitride (GaN) based SSDs act as rectifying direct detectors and heterodyne detectors up to 0.69 THz. Responsivities of 2 V/W and 0.3 V/W with bandwidths greater than 40 GHz and 13 GHz were obtained in the 0.30 and 0.69 THz ranges, respectively. The characterization of the SSDs as mixers didn't show any deviation from linearity between the THz carrier (RF) input power and the power of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal output. Monte Carlo simulations, used to estimate nano-device intrinsic conversion losses of 27 dB at 0.69 THz, have confirmed these results. As a consequence, the practical implementation of SSDs as mixers of high-power sub-millimetre waves seems feasible. Moreover recent studies of similar GaN-based nanodevices, have demonstrated their possibilities to act as Gunn oscillators that could be active elements in THz emitters. Therefore, the good performances of GaN nanochannels demonstrated in this thesis allow not only the easy integration of antennas for a better free space coupling but also (i) a flexibility in the design of an optimum thermal dissipation and reduction of parasitic effects, and (ii) the possibility to develop a fully integrated emitter/detector submillimeter-wave system working at room temperature
Brunet, Jérôme. "Elaboration, étude et optimisation de capteurs de gaz à phtalocyanines pour la pollution atmosphérique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CLF21455.
Full textCharrada, Kamel. "Etude hydrodynamique d'un plasma de décharge mercure haute pression. Analyse de l'influence des transports de masse. Généralisation à un système à deux fluides." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30015.
Full textTremblay, Jean-François. "La rentabilité économique de l'efficacité énergétique pour un distributeur gazier : une analyse bénéfices/coûts." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ49126.pdf.
Full textLouis, Georges. "Absorbeurs gaz-liquide pour pompes à chaleur : analyse exergétique, modélisation-expérimentation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10045.
Full textFINET, VIZENTINI MARIELLE. "Analyse de recepteurs solide-gaz : modelisation et identification de cinetiques chimiques." Perpignan, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PERP0047.
Full textFinet, Marielle. "Analyse de réacteurs solide-gaz modélisation et identification de cinétiques chimiques /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613617p.
Full textLouis, Georges. "Absorbeurs gaz-liquide pour pompes à chaleur analyse exergétique, modélisation-expérimentation /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615483d.
Full textCachia, Maxime. "Caractérisation des transferts d’éléments trace métalliques dans une matrice gaz/eau/roche représentative d'un stockage subsurface de gaz naturel." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3006/document.
Full textNatural gas represents 20% of energy consumption in the world. This percentage is expected to increase in the next years due to the energy transition. For economic and strategic concerns, and in to regulate energy demand between summer and winter, natural gas might be stored in underground storages like aquifers. Consequently, injection and drawing operations favour contact between gaseous, liquid and solid species and make possible transfer phenomena of chemical species from one matrix to another. In addition, even though natural gases are composed essentially of methane (70-90%vol), they can also show various metallic trace element concentrations (mercury, arsenic, tin…). According harmful effects of these compounds on industrial infrastructures and on environment, knowing impacts of natural gas composition on aquifer storage is crucial.The different tasks of this thesis are incorporated within such a context with the objective to characterize gases-waters-rocks matrices and their potential interactions, focusing on metallic trace elements.Therefore, we have focused a part of this PhD thesis on the optimisation of conditions of use (i) of a in EX zone 0 sampler device, working according to the principle of bubbling and (ii) of trapping methodology as well as analytic methods. This unique device allows metal sampling from natural gases up to 100 bar pressure. Its use on industrial sites has permitted to measure and monitor during several years the metallic trace element chemical compositions of a natural gas and also more limited biogas and a biomethane analysis. Indeed, these two last gases are designed to reduce fossil fuel consumption particularly natural gas one. Biomethanes are led to use the same transportation network and to be temporarily stored in the same way as natural gaz. In addition of the gaseous phase, we have taken interest in the water and the mineral phases to characterize their chemical composition evolutions in time, without identify specific transfer mechanisms in touch with gas storage activity
Borges, Da Silva Filho Alvim. "Le déploiement des systèmes logistiques de distribution du gaz naturel : une analyse financière et stratégique par les options réelles du système GNC." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24008.
Full textThe thesis is structured in five chapters. The first chapter brings to light the current context of the market of the energy and the GN which the research concerns. The history of the market of the GN is presented by focusing the distribution, where the new rules promulgated for the whole market of the energy, created a new competitive environment.This one is the result of the change of structure of the sector, go from a public monopoly to the private competition. We show the more successful need of management tools, such as the real options.Also, we can see that the flexible systems of distribution become an asset important for the deployment of a distribution network. The second chapter presents the general structure of the empirical research. It discusses the epistemology of the research and the abductive approach which is used there. This last one, based on Thiétart ( 2001 ), allows that the research can advance with the interactions enter the ground of research And the theory in a simultaneous way. We also show that the systematic methodological approach (Grawitz,2001) is the one which adapts itself best to the research.The third chapter exposes the frame of analysis of the research. It exploits the important aspects of the approach by the real options for the analysis of the system of distribution of GN. The objective here is to show the state of the research on the real options and the contributions which the optional approach can offer to the management of the distribution of the GN
Nicolas, Dominique. "Etude par mesures de différence de potentiel de contact et de photopotentiel du comportement de structures semi-conductrices fonctionnalisées en vue de la détection de gaz." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECDL0020.
Full textMorros, Tosas Jorge. "Analyse des équations magnétohydrodynamiques et étude des bifurcations des solutions non linéaires." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX11213.
Full textYang, Lin. "Functionalized double-walled carbon nanotubes for integrated gas sensors." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30254/document.
Full textWe have successfully fabricated gas sensors based on chemically functionalized double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) using a robust and low cost process. The DWCNTs were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method. They were then purified before functionalization (oxidation, amination, and fluorination). The sensor devices were fabricated by soft lithography using PDMS (Poly-DiMethylSiloxane) stencils and liquid phase pipetting of a suspension of chemically functionalized DWCNTs in deionized water, rinsing and finally drying in a nitrogen flow. Each device (1 cm x 2 cm) is equipped with a set of 7 DWCNT based resistors. Each resistor can accommodate a precise chemical functionalization for targeting a specific gas species, allowing a multiplexed (up to 7) detection. Due to their small size and the possibility to fabricate them on soft substrates, they could be used for many kinds of applications including wearable devices. The electrical resistance of the produced resistors turned out to decrease with temperature, suggesting fluctuations induced tunneling conduction through the disordered network of metallic nanotubes. However, we have shown in our work that for realistic applications, gas sensing can be achieved without any temperature regulation of our devices, because the variations of electrical conductance caused by gas molecules adsorption are significantly larger than those caused by possible temperature fluctuations. The as fabricated devices exhibit at room temperature a metallic conducting behavior. Devices with a resistance less than 100 kO were selected for gas detection. Because the sensing principle is based on the direct measurement of the resistance, our scheme ensures low power consumption (<1 µW). Raw (not functionalized) DWCNTs-based gas sensors exhibited a low sensitivity to the tested analytes, including ethanol, acetone, ammonia and water vapor. Functionalized DWCNTs-based gas sensors exhibited a moderate sensitivity to ethanol, acetone and water vapor but the response to ammonia, even in the presence of additional water vapor, was excellent. In particular, oxidized DWCNTs based gas sensors exhibited a high stability in the case of prolonged and repeated gas exposures. The oxidized DWCNTs gas sensors were also able to detect ammonia vapor at sub-ppm concentration in the presence of water vapor at high concentration
Moula, Guillaume. "Analyse multi-échelle d'un écoulement réactif gaz-particule en lit fluidisé dense." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11565/1/moula.pdf.
Full textChamassi, Kaim. "Détecteur de gaz multi-espèces par mesure photo-acoustique à effet capacitif." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS065.
Full textThe need of a sensitive, selective, stable and compact gas sensor is increasing due to public and military issues. Photoacoustic detection variant of tunable diode laser spectroscopy is a promosing solution. Current devices available on the market and developing are still cumbersome and unsuitable for being transported by a person. The goal of this thesis is to study and develop silicon capacitive micro-resonator in order to achieve a gas sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscpy. This original approach has never been proposed. It offers new perspectives and a solution to have very compact, sensitive, selective and stable gas sensor. First, theoretical study of capacitive micro resonators is done in order to set up modeling tools and determine the key optimization parameters. The performances are strictly linked to mechanical properties and viscous damping. A SOI process divided into two main steps is then developed in order to produce capacitive micro-resonator. Then, we demonstrate the approach by stable and reproducible methane and ethylene detection. Finally, we propose new micro-resonator adapted to photoacoustic spectroscopy without the constraints of capacitive transduction