Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détecteur SoLi∂'
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Yeresko, Mykhailo. "Search for antineutrino disappearance with the SoLi∂ detector : novel reconstruction, calibration and selection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UCFAC127.
Full textThis thesis presents the search for active-to-sterile antineutrino oscillations with the SoLi∂ detector, which has an innovative concept based on a sandwich of composite polyvinyl-toluene and 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillators. Three main contributions to this search are reported. The first one describes the new reconstruction method based on the ML-EM algorithm. It is aimed at transformation of the raw detector response to the list of positions (with dedicated energies) where actual physics interaction in the detector took place. The second one describes the energy calibration of the detector. It includes both relative calibration with the cosmic horizontal muons and exploration of several options for the absolute energy scale derivation. Finally, the thesis presents a novel method for selecting antineutrino candidates based on the analysis of the electromagnetic part of the inverse beta decay signal and categorising them according to the geometry of the events in the detector (topologies). The analysis was developed blindly and the method was validated with a small fraction of the data sample
Boursette, Delphine. "Neutrino physics with SoLid and SuperNEMO experiments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS272/document.
Full textNeutrinos are the most abundant fundamental particles of matter in the Universe. They were detected for the first time in 1956. Since then, several experiments have tried to unveil their mysteries. They only interact weakly so they are difficult to detect. It is known that their masses are very low and that they can oscillate between three leptonic flavours. However, several questions remain about their masses, their nature or the existence of sterile neutrinos. This thesis addresses the last two questions with two different experiments: SuperNEMO and SoLid. The goal of the SuperNEMO experiment is to understand the nature of neutrinos, whether it is its own antiparticle (Majorana particle) or not (Dirac particle). This is investigated by searching for neutrinoless double beta decay as this process is possible only if neutrinos are Majorana particles. Source foils of the double beta emitter ⁸²Se are installed at the center of the SuperNEMO demonstrator which is being assembled at the Modane Underground Laboratory. This detector is composed of a wire chamber to detect the tracks of the two electrons emitted in the decays and a calorimeter to measure their energies. Neutrinoless double beta decay measurement is very difficult because if this process exists, it is extremely rare. An important work has thus to be done to decrease backgrounds from cosmic rays or natural radioactivity. In this thesis, different backgrounds have been simulated to understand their impact on the measurement of the energy of the two electrons from ⁸²Se double beta decay. It is shown that radioactivity from photomultipliers glasses will not be negligible but it will be possible to measure it precisely in dedicated channels. Copper foils have also been simulated in the source strips to demonstrate that they can help to control efficiently the backgrounds. Following this work, it has been decided to install copper foils in addition to ⁸²Se foils. The second experiment investigated in this thesis is the SoLid experiment which is looking for the existence of sterile neutrinos. Several experimental anomalies could be explained by oscillations of reactor antineutrinos toward sterile neutrinos. The SoLid detector is looking for an oscillation signal at the Belgian BR2 reactor by measuring the antineutrino flux as a function of their energy and their traveling distance thanks to a fine segmentation. The reactor antineutrinos are detected via inverse beta decay. The antineutrino interaction signal is thus the emission in coincidence of a positron and a neutron. Positrons are detected by plastic scintillator cubes in PVT and neutrons are detected by ⁶LiF:ZnS sheets placed on 2 faces of each cube. A first prototype, SM1, has demonstrated the advantages of this technology, particularly to discriminate backgrounds. A part of the work of this thesis consisted in developing and exploiting a test bench to optimize the light collection of the detector in order to improve the energy resolution of the SoLid detector. By testing different materials and configurations, the test bench measurement demonstrated that an energy resolution of 14 % can be achieved for SoLid phase I, while it was 20 % for the SM1 prototype. The improvements proposed have been taken into account for the SoLid detector construction that was achieved in 2017. An analysis of the first detector data is also presented to show SoLid sensitivity to reactor antineutrino detection
Boursicot, Stéphanie. "Poudres et couches minces de CuₓMo₆S₈ pour capteur électrochimique d’ions de métaux lourds : synthèse par voie chimique en solution et caractérisations." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S160.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis was to synthesize of Chevrel phases powders and thin films, which was realised for the first time by chemical solution deposition, in order to develop an electrochemical sensor for heavy metal ions. In a first part, the conditions of the synthesis of powder using polymeric precursor method have been identified and optimised for thin films on insulating and conductor substrates. Also, a specific process has been developed for reduction treatment, the especially delicate step, in order to synthesize reproducibly Chevrel phases. In a second part, cations have been intercalated and deintercalated electrochemically in Mo₆S₈ and Cu₂Mo₆S₈. Finally, the synthesis of Chevrel phases thin films on TiN / Si results in a good prospect for a portable electrochemical sensor, with a cyclability more than hundred cycles, suitable for the detection of various cations Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺ et Co²⁺) with a minimal sensitivity for cadmium in the order of 10⁻⁵ mol. L⁻¹
Le, Guevel Xavier. "Elaboration de sols de silice colloïdale en milieu aqueux : fonctionnalisation, propriétés optiques et de détection chimique des revêtements correspondants." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4005.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study surface reactivity of silice nanoparticles through physical and chemical properties of sols and coatings. Appliatons are numerous and they are illustrated in this work by optical coating preparation for laser components and chemical gas sensor development for nitroaromatics detection
Fuxa, Étienne. "Etude théorique du dimensionnement d’une matrice bolométrique au pas de 5µm, par report de dispositifs SOI sur structures suspendues pour des applications dans l’imagerie infrarouge non refroidi." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT116.
Full textThe work reported in this document relates to pixel size reduction in uncooled infrared imaging in the LWIR range. The motivation for such a downsize is pretty straightforward (better matrices performances or lower production costs), achieving this without lowering the pixel performance is a true challenge. That is, for state of the art detectors based on thermistors, pixel downscaling leads to lower signal to noise ratio as well as a decrease in detector thermal isolation that in turn reduces the signal's amplitude. Our work focused on the study of SOI components for use as thermal transducer in a 5µm pixel design. As such we evaluated these components' intrinsic thermal properties to compare expected performance of a 5µm SOI bolometer with that of a state of the art bolometer scaled to the same pixel size, which allowed us to conclude that the interest for SOI bolometers is well-founded. We were also able to confirm that our pixel design is able to maintain sufficient IR absorption, but that the thermal isolation is yet problematic. This problem is however not specific to SOI bolometers and as such does not undermine the interest for SOI detectors for 5µm pixel pitch bolometers for uncooled IR imaging
Rocklin, Pascal. "Conception de sondes de détection et développement de techniques de mesure in situ de la contamination de matrices solides (sols, déchets) par des composés organiques volatils." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL049N.
Full textGutierrez, Sébastien. "Mesures par spectrométrie gamma de l'abondance des radioéléments naturels et artificiels en surface et dans les sols par moyens mobiles (détecteurs au germanium embarqués à bord d'un hélicoptère ou d'un véhicule)." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112097.
Full textUntil the beginning of the 1980's, airborne gamma-ray spectrometry was used above all for geophysical applications and only concerned the measurement of ground concentrations of the three natural radionuclides (40K, 238U, and 232Th). Over the last fifteen years, many measuring systems have been developed for use in the event of a nuclear accident or for environmental monitoring. As part of its programme to improve the performance of its mobile radiological measurement resources, (Hélinuc and Autonuc), the MSA laboratory (Mesures Sol et Aéroportées) has acquired a germanium gamma-ray measurement system, consisting of a High Purity germanium diode of 70% efficiency (ORTEC, Ref. GMX-70- 230-P. S. ), specially designed for airborne use from a helicopter and a digital spectrometer (Numerical Analyser DSPec, ORTEC). Although the sensitivity of the germanium semi-conductor detector is 30 times lower than that of the sodium iodide (NaI) detectors frequently used in airborne spectrometer, its energy resolution is 20 times better, giving more accurate identification of radionuclides, especially when complex spectra are involved. This thesis bas consisted in the conception of an experimental device, in its integration to the nominal mobile measurement device, and in the development of adapted acquisition and treatment software. This work bas came to lead to a validated device and treatment methodologies. Finally, a reflection bas been led on the Ge detectors strategy of use in a accordance with the radiological environment. The possibility to combine several Ge detectors in future, either conjointly or in place of NaI detectors is envisaged with reference to this work
Traore, Issiaka. "Etude et caractérisation des fonctions de réponse des détecteurs solides de traces nucléaires : applications à la dosimétrie radon et neutron." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067060.
Full textDien, Eric. "Elaboration par voie chimique et caractérisations physiques de films minces à base de matériaux ferroélectriques du type Ba1-xSrXTio3." Limoges, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LIMO0016.
Full textBahout, Jessica. "Fibres optiques dédiées à la détection de rayonnements ionisants : vers une dosimétrie aux extrêmes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R030.
Full textFor several decades now, monitoring ionizing radiation has been particularly important in places that are difficult to access or even dangerous, especially in harsh environments. Optical fiber is the solution of choice when remote measurement is mandatory. In addition, the optical fibers ensure the spatial separation of the probe, sensitive to radiation, and the electronic processing system, which allows remote measurements in complex geometries. During this work, silica-based glasses developed by the sol-gel route and codoped with active Ce / Tb or Ce / Cu ions were welded to one or two transport fibers to make measurements of dose rates and remote dose. In addition, the presence within the matrix of two types of luminescent centers emitting at different wavelengths makes it possible to extend the spectral range of luminescence. These samples were characterized, before and after 1MGy irradiation, by several spectroscopic techniques. In the case of Cu or Tb doped glasses alone, defects (NBOHC, HC1 ...) have been created after irradiation. Thanks to the presence of the cerium ions in the codoped silica Ce / Cu or Ce / Tb which played a very important role where it protected the matrix and attenuates the creation of certain defects under irradiation. Dosimetric measurements carried out under X-rays made it possible to evaluate the linearity of the RL and OSL signal for the codoped silica glasses Ce / Tb and Ce / Cu. For Ce / Cu codoped glasses, the RL signal has a linear response in the range 0.0011 - 34 Gy / s in Saint-Etienne and between 13.3 µGy / s and 7.3 Gy (SiO2) at Nice and the linearity of OSL has been demonstrated up to 50 Gy in Saint-Etienne and 33 Gy in Nice. Co-coded Ce / Tb glasses showed sensitivity in RL in the dose rate range of between 13.3 µGy / s and 7.3 Gy / s with excellent reproducibility of the measurements. This material has been shown to have an OSL response which remains dose proportional up to 66 Gy (SiO2). Thanks to these results, we deduce that these codoped samples constitute a solution for remote dosimetry measurements in severe environment
Lopez, Claire. "Synthèse de polymères à empreintes moléculaires d'alcaloïdes Vinca pour leur extraction sur phase solide dans des extraits de plantes ou des fluides biologiques : développement du détecteur conductimétrique sans contact à couplage capacitif et de la technique de la double injection en électrophorèse capillaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2078.
Full textThis thesis reports in a first part results obtained with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) during solid liquid extraction. Polymer-analyte interactions, composition of the sample matrix and selectivity of MIPs have been studied.The first application concerned the extraction of molecules in a plant extract. Two MIPs respectively prepared from the methacrylic acid (MAA) and itaconic acid ( IA) and with respectively catharanthine and vindoline as template showed their selectivity on standard solutions then on a plant extract. Experiments of cross reactivity performed with analogue of the template (dimers alkaloids) have proved the specificity of analytes recognition by the MIPs. The MIP-catharanthine is characterized by Scatchard isotherms and its capacity was estimated from the extract of Catharanthus roseus. A MIP prepared from MAA with the vinorelbine as template was applied in salt aqueous matrices for the extraction of vinflunine and its metabolite in bovine plasma and urine. High extraction recoveries were reached with a study of the impact of salts and the choice of washing solvents adapted to the matrix. The second part showed the simplicity of use and the sensibility of capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) for the analysis of counter-ion and active principle in pharmaceutical compounds in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The technique of double injection allowed the simultaneous analysis of cations and anions. The developed method EC-C4D was applied to Vinca alkaloids and various medicines with anionic or cationic counter-ions
Gojon, Christine. "Préparation par procédé sol-gel et évaluation des performances analytiques d'un capteur chimique spécifique de l'hydrazine." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20203.
Full textAlhelou, Nissrine. "Etude de verres pour la dosimétrie fibrée de rayonnements ionisants." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R032/document.
Full textNowadays, existing dosimeters are insufficient for monitoring and control of ionizing radiation in all configurations and especially in severe environments. In optical dosimetry, fiber systems allow to provide a real-time response to relatively low dose rates, making possible some measurements in hard-to-reach places with interesting spatial resolution. This work consisted in the study of sol-gel silica glasses doped with ionic copper or cerium, with the aim of using them in a dosimetry device. These glasses have been characterized by different spectroscopic techniques before and after irradiations. In the case of Cu-doped glasses, after X or γ irradiation (1 MGy), the defects HC1, HC2 and E' have been identified. As for Ce-doped glasses, they are more resistant and remain colorless, even after a dose of 8.8 MGy under X. Measurements of the optical response from the samples under X-rays were carried out using a fibered device. For Cu-doped glasses, radioluminescence (RL) sensitivity covers dose rates ranging from 0.25 to at least 800 mGy/s and the linearity of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) has been demonstrated in the range 40 mGy-200 Gy. Ce-doped glasses are more efficient in terms of linearity. Indeed, for this dopant, RL and OSL signals are linear up to 1.2 Gy/s and 500 Gy, respectively. Short-term OSL fading was observed before stabilization of the signal. The obtained results show that these doped glasses are of great interest for fibered dosimetry of ionizing radiations
Hennequin-Marot, Elisabeth. "Utilisation des réactions nucléaires (neutron, α) et (neutron, proton) pour la détection d'isotopes stables en biologie." Rouen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ROUES023.
Full textLin, Zhenhua. "Development of high sensitivity gamma and beta sensors for in situ diffusion tests in the mudstone in France." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1024/document.
Full textThe precise monitoring of radiotracers, for example used for medical imaging, for the storage of ultimate waste, or for certain industrial applications can be a very complex subject. The development of low-noise sensors with long-term stability and high geometric flexibility were engaged by the AXINT company. (Hautefeuille, et al., 2006). My PhD thesis was focused on experiments in the diffusion of radiotracers, typically to monitor the possible leakage of radioactive products from the geological repositories. We focuses on the study of the 22Na and 36Cl ion diffusion, which is one of the highest cation and anions diffusion rate in geological medium, as well as actinides, which represent the majority of the radioactive elements of Stored nuclear waste. This thesis is in continuity with the research carried out by ANDRA (National Agency for Radioactive Waste), under contract with the laboratory ILM (Institute Light Matter), of which AXINT is the main subcontractor. The present project describes the research work that foreseen the radiation impact on the environment for the coming years during the deep disposal of nuclear waste. Our work focus on the investigation and quantification of the radionuclide diffusion through the geological clay barriers. A new in situ experiment was considered by Andra for the study of the radionuclide migration. Compared to previous experiments, this new in situ diffusion test required longer distance (hundreds of mm), longer time-scale (over 10 years), and real time in situ monitoring of radionuclides migration. To fulfill these conditions, the work was organized as following: 1: Conception and dimensional design of the Diffusion of Radio Nuclide (DRN) experiments in solving emission of beta and gamma radiations 2: Development of corresponding beta and gamma monitoring systems by means of sensors located in peripheral boreholes
Delmarre, David. "Incorporation de porphyrines dans les matrices sol-gel : études spectroscopiques et application à la détection de polluants." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0024.
Full textAliane, Abdelkader. "Développement de bolomètre refroidi à 0,1 K pour une détection X dans la gamme 100 eV – 10 keV." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00387573.
Full textHamdi, Khaoula. "Détection spectrophotométrique en temps réel d'hydrocarbures monoaromatiques (benzène, toluène et xylènes) dans l'air aux valeurs limites d'exposition professionnelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0328/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to develop a spectrophotometric sensor to quantify benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX) in real time at the level of the occupational exposure limit values, ie 20 ppmv for toluene, 50 Ppmv for xylenes and 1 ppmv for benzene. The study was carried out with several sensitive layers, a solid silicic material synthesized by the sol-gel process or thin films (less than 5 μm) deposited on quartz by dip-coating a suspension of nanoparticles or a precursor solution leading to mesoporous silica thin films. We were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of BTX detection in real time. The use of continuous mesoporous films has enabled a correct repeatability of the sensor (standard deviation <10%). Nevertheless, neither these silica films nor their functionalization by methyl groups have solved the problem posed by moisture. Only the use of a dryer that we implemented in the measuring device allowed the detection of toluene in the presence of ambient humidity. In this configuration, interference of 40 ppmv of butanone, acetone and ethanol was also eliminated. Finally, the design of a multi-plate cell allowed to reach detection limits of 1 ppmv at 267 nm for toluene, 1 ppmv at 274 nm for p-xylene and 5 ppmv at 252 nm for benzene. Finally, this limit of detection can be lowered to 1 ppmv at 190 nm for benzene
Chirita, Raluca-Ioana. "Développement de nouvelles méthodes séparatives compatibles avec une détection par spectrométrie de masse et par électrochimie pour l'analyse de traces de catécholamines et molécules apparentées." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2043/document.
Full textAs neurotransmitters, catecholamines play an important role in the control and regulation of numerous brain functions. They are also believed to be implicated in different neurodegenerative disorders. First an ion pairing chromatography method using nonafluoropentanoic acid as volatile ion paring agent was developed on the new generation of C18 columns (monolith and fused core). This method is compatible with MS detection in positive ionization mode. Secondly an HILIC method was optimized using different commercially available HILIC supports, they can be classified as follows: neutral (diol, amide, and cyano bounded), positively charged (amino, triazole bounded), negatively charged (bare silica as wholly porous particles or fused core particles columns) and zwitterionic (sulfobetaine bounded). Our studies lead us to a better understanding of the HILIC retention mechanism and also to the selection of the most appropriated column for catecholamine analysis. Only the HILIC system was compatible with both positive and negative ionization modes. The two chromatographic systems were then compared in terms of resolution, efficiency, detection and quantification limits (LOD/LOQ), calibration linearity and repeatability. The LODs obtained were in the range of 1-100 ng.mL-1. A simple pre-concentration method using Oasis HLB and PGC solid phase extraction cartridges has been optimized in order to enhance the LODs. Finally the optimized SPE-LC-MS/MS method has been applied to the identification of these compounds present in brain extracts
Gaddari, Abdelhadi. "Nouvelle méthode d'élaboration par voie sol-gel des couches minces de dioxyde d'étain : Applications à la détection à température ambiante d'ozone et d'ammoniac." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020790.
Full textBenoit, Mathieu. "Modélisation de détecteurs à base de semiconducteurs pour la spectroscopie et l'imagerie des rayons-[y] ?" Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8019.
Full textPotelle, Bruno. "Potentiel de l'analyse des macrorestes pour détecter les épidémies de la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette dans des sols de sapinières boréales." Thèse, 1995. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1191/1/1518000.pdf.
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