Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Détecteur de rayonnement'
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Feinstein, Fabrice. "Étude d'un détecteur à rayonnement de transition pour l'expérience DO au FNAL." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112448.
The DZero experiment will study proton-antiproton collisions at 1. 8 TeV in the center of mass produced at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (USA). The main features of the detector are an excellent hermetical calorimeter and a very good identification of muons and electrons. The Transition Radiation Detector contributes to electron/jet discrimination. Transition radiation is emitted when a charge particle crosses the interface between two media of different refraction indices. A N foils radiator produces about N/137 soft X rays when the Lorentz factor gamma of the particle is greater than a threshold of the order of 1000. The radiated energy saturates when gamma goes to infinity. These properties allow to separate electrons from pions until 140 GeV. The depth of the TRD is 31. 5 cm. The optimum design is: either two sets {lithium radiator, detector} or three sets {polypropylene radiator, detector}. The photon detector is a xenon filled longitudinal drift proportional wire chamber. The charge is collected and sampled at a rate of 100 MHz, which allows to reconstruct electron clusters produced by photons in xenon. This study presents the results of a test on a 5 GeV electron and pion beam of a prototype of chamber and of three radiators made of lithium foils, polypropylene foils, and polyethylene fibres. The detector response to pions and electrons is compared to theoretical predictions. Different statistical methods of electron/pion separation are compared on the experimental data. A method has been performed using likelihood functions which obtain a pion rejection greater than 50 for an electron efficiency of 90%. The performances are compared to those of other TRDs
Samarati, Jérôme. "Développement et caractérisation d'un détecteur gazeux : application à l'autoradiographie bêta." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2020.
Gouaty, Romain. "Analyse de la sensibilité du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Virgo." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS006.
The Virgo detector for gravitational waves is a laser interferometer with arms which are 3 km long. This interferometer is at present in its commissioning phase whose goal is to reach the Virgo nominal sensitivity. To this purpose it is necessary to reduce the technical noises which are limiting the sensitivity during this phase. The work described in this thesis focuses on the analysis of technical noises. The noises which are known to be likely to limit the sensitivity are first described and their propagation mechanism is also explained. The method used to analyse the technical noises is then presented. It first consists in identifying the possible noise sources by looking for coherence between the interferometer signals. Then it is useful to understand how the noise propagates into the interferometer. This is done by building analytical models of propagation. Some studies based on a simulation of the detector have been added to the analysis of interferometer data. Between the end of 2003 and the end of 2005, the advance of the commissioning has been punctuated with seven technical data taking periods, performed in order to check the evolution of the detector performance. The analysis of the noises limiting the interferometer sensitivity for each of these data taking is presented in this thesis. The impact of the technical upgrades implemented on the interferometer to suppress the effect of these noises is also discussed
Pernot, Cyril. "Développement d'un détecteur de flamme à base d'AlGaN." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20043.
Brault, Léandre. "Mesurabilité, avec le détecteur DELPHI, de la masse et de la largeur du z⁰ par la réaction e+e⁻ →μ⁺ μ⁻ γ₁. . . γn (mous)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112365.
Reverchon, Jean-Luc. "Etude des propriétés optoélectroniques et de transport dans les hétérostructures AlGaN/GaN pour la réalisation de détecteurs UV." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112337.
This work investigates GaN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures for achieving Uv photodetectors. In the first chapter, the difficulties in growing these structures are presented. Their fundamental properties are studied in order to understand their limits and develop tools to predict the behavior of devices. Alloy fluctuations and localisation in (Ga,In)N and (Al,Ga)N materials are investigated in the second chapter. The effect of the piezoelectric field and the spontaneous polarization in quantum wells is shown. In bulk materials, the sharpness of band edge absorption is proved to be close to statistic alloy broadening. A model to explain no-ideal behaviours as subbandgap absorption and nonlinearity of response versus optical power is developed. The effects of deep donors in the barrier of field effect transistors on persistent photoconductibilty are also shown. .
Le, Rouzo Judikaël. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la réponse angulaire et de la réponse spectrale hors bande de détecteurs infrarouges hautes performances." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003710.
Marquet, Christine. "Etude des composantes neutron et gamma du bruit de fond de la décroissance ββ(0ν) dans le détecteur prototype NEMO2 : implicatons pour le détecteur NEMO3." Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10532.
Isaac, Maria Célia Perillo. "Le bruit de fond de radioactivité naturelle du détecteur NEMO 2." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10581.
Pancin, Julien. "Détection de neutrons avec un détecteur de type micromégas : de la physique nucléaire à l'imagerie." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12824.
Girod, François-Xavier. "Diffusion Compton profondément virtuelle avec le détecteur CLAS pour une étude des distributions de partons généralisées." Strasbourg 1, 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/GIROD_Francois-Xavier_2006.pdf.
The structure of the nucleon, among the first fundamental problems in hadronic physics, is the subject of a renewed interest. The lightest baryonic state has historically been described in two complementary approaches : through elastic scattering, measuring form factors which reflect the spatial shape of charge distributions, and through deep inelastic scattering, providing access to parton distribution functions which encode the momentum content carried by the constituents. The recently developped formalism of Generalized Parton Distributions unifies those approaches and provides access to new informations. The cleanest process sensitive to GPDs is the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) contributing to the ep → epγ reaction. This work deals with a dedicated experiment accomplished with the CLAS detector, completed with two specific equipments : a lead tungstate calorimeter covering photon detection at small angles, and a superconducting solenoid actively shielding the electromagnetic background. The entire project is covered : from the upgrade of the experimental setup, through the update of the software, data taking and analysis, up to a first comparison of the beam spin asymmetry to model predictions
Paganini, Pascal. "Etude des oscillations du système B°-B̄ ̄°et mesure de la durée de vie du méson B°đ avec le détecteur DELPHI à LEP." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10073.
Glicenstein, Jean-François. "Recherche de désintégrations du nucléon en lepton chargé et mésons avec le détecteur du Fréjus." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112116.
Girard, Pascal. "Photo-production de mésons pseudo-scalaires sur le proton avec le détecteur CLAS pour Eγ ≤ 1,8 GeV." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10071.
Guerard, Bruno. "Étude et développement d'un détecteur de vertex pour les collisionneurs multi-TeV : le tube à dérive multifils." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112165.
Fournie, Christian. "Etude de la production du baryon lambda b avec le détecteur Aleph à Lep." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112018.
Parriaud, Jean-François. "Recherche d'antimatière dans les rayons cosmiques en utilisant l'ombre de la Lune avec le détecteur à muons de L3." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10132.
Capony, Vincent. "Etude et développement du transfert de données pour l'expérience NA50 : le réseau de transputers du détecteur de multiplicité." Chambéry, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CHAMS023.
Arnaud, Nicolas. "Contrôle global de la partie centrale du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles Virgo : recherche de signaux impulsionnels : application aux coi͏̈ncidences entre interféromètres." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112042.
The Virgo interferometer is aimed at achieving the first direct detection of the gravitational waves. Before the availability of the complete detector, some preliminary activities are taking place: tests of the different sub-systems on the central interferometer (CITF) and simulations of the future data analysis. I worked in both fields: on the longitudinal control of the cavities and on the search of on-line detection triggers for implulsive sources. To reach its sensitivity, Virgo must be kept at its working point by longitudinal and angular servo controls. The Global Control steers this task centrally. After having presented its hardware and software features, one shows that they follow the necessary requirements. Hen its uses on the ITF are described, in particular during cavity resonance acquisitions, first for the simple Michelson, then for the whole CITF (recycling mirror aligned). In parallel, the tested strategies as well as the first experimental results are presented. .
Lavergne-Gosselin, Laurence. "Étude de détecteurs nucléaires minces, passivés et implantés, réalisés à partir de silicium épitaxique : applications aux ions lourds et au rayonnement synchrotron." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112094.
Najmi, Abbes. "Conception et réalisation d'un détecteur d'obstacles automobile à faisceaux infrarouges balayés et pulsés." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30167.
Harrus, Ilana. "Violation de CP dans le système K⁰-K⁰ : étude et réduction du bruit de fond chargé à l'aide d'un détecteur à rayonnement de transition." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112123.
This work has been performed for the NA31 experiment at CERN whose goal is a high precision measurement of the parameter Ɛ '/ Ɛ reflecting direct CP-violation in the K0- K0 system. This work is concerned with the calibration and the study of the performance of the transition radiation detector, TRD, added recently to the experiment. The TRD provides an important increase in the pion/electrons separation. This allows a significant reduction in the systematic uncertainty in the background substaction of the K0L to two charged pions decay mode which is dominated by semi leptonics decays. A complete calibration of this detector has been performed. Energy pulseheight response for various detectors parameters is reviewed. After ail corrections, electron rejection efficiency is shown. We analyze then, the semi-leptonic charged background
Rousset, Philippe. "Etude expérimentale et théorique du fonctionnement du détecteur gazeux à lame en mode proportionnel." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10076.
Zach, François. "Mesure du temps de vie du méson B0s et étude de ses oscillations temporelles par le détecteur DELPHI au LEP." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10097.
Moret, Guillaume. "Caractérisation des différentes options du trajectographe du détecteur OPERA." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001799.
Le projet OPERA se propose de prouver directement cette oscillation. Pour cela un faisceau de nu_mu sera produit au CERN et dirigé vers le Gran Sasso en Italie à 732 km de distance. Le détecteur a été optimisé pour mettre en évidence l'apparition du neutrino tau, produit de l'oscillation nu_mu --> nu_tau. Ce détecteur de 30 mètres de long et de 2 000 tonnes de cible sera composé de plus de 200 000 briques de plomb et d'émulsions photographiques. Les leptons taus seront mis en évidence après scanning des émulsions. Pour cela les briques devront être localisées dans le détecteur, et cette localisation sera réalisée par un trajectographe placé derrière chaque mur de briques.
Cette thèse avait pour but de déterminer le meilleur trajectographe pour OPERA. Trois options ont été étudiées et un trajectographe constitué de barreaux de scintillateur plastique a été choisi. Il permet d'avoir une efficacité de localisation du mur du vertex d'environ 80% et une efficacité de localisation de la brique à l'intérieur du mur d'environ 80%. Dans ce contexte d'utilisation de scintillateurs, nous avons testé des photo détecteurs de type HPD avec une électronique auto déclenchable. Ces HPD ont montré une très bonne résolution, une diaphonie inférieure à 2% et une uniformité supérieure à 98%. Une acquisition basée sur Ethernet a été proposée et acceptée par la collaboration. Chaque photo détecteur constituera directement un noeud du réseau. Un modèle complet de trajectographe constitué de barreaux de scintillateur lus par une HPD et une électronique auto déclenchable avec une acquisition par Ethernet a été validé pendant des tests sur faisceau.
Monin, Jean-Louis. "Conception et réalisation d'une camera astronomique basée sur un détecteur infrarouge bidimensionnel : résultats astrophysiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725260.
Kim, Geun-Beom. "Recherche des sélectrons, neutralinos et squarks dans le cadre du modèle GMSB avec le détecteur CMS : étude de la compression sans pertes de données provenant du calorimètre électromagnétique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13102.
Pantel, Denis. "Développement d’un détecteur de particules pour caractériser l’environnement radiatif stratosphérique et évaluer sa contrainte sur la microélectronique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20213/document.
We developed an integrated silicon detector to be embedded in a stratospheric balloon in order to investigate the radiative atmospheric environment. The detector was calibrated with a Californium source, and it was fully characterized under neutron beams which produced various secondary ionizing particles. Differential detection cross sections for different neutron beam energies were shown to be in good agreement with simulations performed with the MC-Oracle code. We performed four stratospheric balloon flights (with ESA and CNES) and confirmed the correlation between the count rate and the altitude. Moreover, we observed that the radiative environment is not isotropic and demonstrated the potential of our tool for investigating the radiative atmospheric environment. These results are useful for estimating the particle flux that affects electronic devices and onboard aircraft systems
Vareille, Aymeric. "Étude expérimentale, simulation et interprétation des données du détecteur Nemo 2 : application à la décroissance BétaBeta2nu du 100Mo." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10505.
Trinquet, Hervé. "Caractérisation de la source laser du détecteur d'ondes gravitationnelles VIRGO." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135165.
Alirol, Olivier. "Simulation d'un détecteur CdTe:CI de rayonnement X en mode comptage à fort flux pour la radiothérapie et la tomographie." Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0070/these.pdf.
The use of a semiconductor detector CdTe: Cl for a counting measure of a strong X-photon flux is possible. However, for flows in excess of one hundred million photons per second per square millimeter, we observe a temporal instability in the measures because of the appearance of a space charge in the material. Moreover, this space charge also has an impact on the shape of the 20 image count by changing the curvature of the field lines. The work of this thesis focused on the simulation of the measurement chain, from the Interaction of the photon radiation field X in the semiconductor to the response of the counting electronics. For this, the main obstacle has been the dynamic modeling of space charge and we concentrated our efforts on this particular point. Lt is apparent that the precise knowledge of trap levels in the detector was unthinkable. Soto overcome this difficulty, rather than modeling the electric field , we have measured it by Pockels effect. For this. We developed an experimental bench capable of measuring a dynamic electrical field in a detector during astron X-rays irradiation. Ln addition, we have coupled the measure of field at the counting measure to allow us to connect the two. We validated our simulation of the acquisition of three points: the electric field, the signals due to the interaction of X-rays and measured at the electrodes and the counting response. Thus, our work has resulted in the development and the validation of Iwo tools, useful for understanding the phenomena related to the appearance of a space charge. The first tool is our bench measuring electric field Pockels effect. It allows us to know the amplitude of the field at any point at any moment. And the second tool is our complete simulation of a CdT detector Cl incounting mode with high flows, ranging from the interaction radiation-matter to the response count. We were able to show that space charge is the origin of temporal and spatial instabilities of the measure count
Bourgouin, Alexandra. "Caractérisation du détecteur à fibre scintillante plastique commercial et étude sur la réduction de dose aux appareils cardiaques implantables par blindage de plomb." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25877.
The recent development of the spectral method for correction of the Cˇ erenkov light in plastic scintillation detectors (PSD) have led to the first commercial dosimeter of this type, the Exradin W1 (STANDARD IMAGING INC., Middleton, WI, U.S.). As any new commercial dosimeter, it had to be characterized and validated in different situations of radiation. The first purpose of this project was to perform this validation. The results of characterization have shown that PSD is an efficient dosimeter to make out-of-field doses measurements as required in the evaluation of the feasibility of using a lead sheet to reduce dose to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices, CIED. Measurements performed with PSD shown an important reduction of doses by the shielding for square anterior-posterior field (40 % to 80 %) and also for complex clinical treatments (5 % to 45 %).
Laporte, Matthieu. "Amélioration et exploitation d’un simulateur électro-optique du détecteur spatial d’ondes gravitationnelles LISA." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC013.
The first gravitational waves detection in 2015 opened a brand new window on astrophysics and cosmology. Developement and enhancement of new instruments, coupled with electromagnetic observations, will help with the understanding of quite unknow objects of the Universe, such as black holes. In this context, the LISA mission (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) will be the first space-based interferometric detector of gravitational waves. The effect of a gravitational wave is a weak periodic distortion of space-time but still observable with interferometric measurments. LISA will detect length variation in the range of picometer, for an arm length in the range of a million kilometer, which corresponds to a relative variation of 〖10〗^(-21). Such sensitivity levels require advanced noise reduction techniques which have to be tested both numerically and experimentally. The dominant noise on the measurement is the frequency noise of the laser. Besides laser stabilisation techniques, a data processing technique called time delay interferometry (TDI) will be needed. It allows to virtually reconstruct an equal arm interferometer, so that the frequency noise of the laser is canceled. This is the main noise reduction technique which is tested by the core experiment of this thesis work. The LISA On Table (LOT) is a simulator comprised of both an electronic and an optical part that can simulate realistic signals of LISA to test TDI. It enables simulated delayed signals, representative of the travel time of the light between satellites, to interfere. The experiment having its own instrumental noises, it is necessary to work on their comprehension and reduction. Moreover, the LOT can be used to test other key features of the mission, such as clock noise transfer, and instruments prototypes such as the phasemeter. the conducted studies made the LOT operational under vacuum, thus limiting the instrumental noises. With the experiment, TDI can be validated in a representative uneven arm length configuration of LISA. Doppler effect simulations are also tested
Beauville, Fabrice. "Prélude à l'analyse des données du détecteur Virgo." Phd thesis, Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS026.
The Virgo detector for gravitational waves is at present in its commissioning phase, which precedes the search for astrophysical sources, for which it is intended. The work described in this thesis focuses on the preparation of data analysis methods, and their application on data sets taken along the detector's progression. These methods are thus described as well as their validation and the results obtained on the data. The first part of this analysis relates to the detector response to gravitational waves. The calibration procedure consists in measuring this response, from which the detector sensitivity at all frequencies is obtained; this procedure has allowed to follow the evolution of Virgo over the last two years. It is followed by the gravitational signal reconstruction, a process that compensates for the effects of this response on the data and subtracts certain noises. The second part is dedicated to the search for coalescing binaries signals in the reconstructed data. The studied method is an alternative implementation - the multi-band template analysis - of the optimal method, the latter being limited by computing costs issues. The equivalence of this alternative implementation with the usual method is checked, thanks to simulation tests. The method is then applied to the two most recent data taking, with the double goal of getting prepared for future astrophysical searches, and of evaluating the current detector. The preparation of the future collaborative analysis with LIGO experiment is finally considered, through a first quantitative comparison of the two experiments analysis pipelines for the search for coalescing binaries
Russew, Thomas. "Etude et simulation d'un détecteur pour l'expérience GRAAL à l'ESRF : application à la photoproduction d'étrangeté." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10182.
Fazio, Tonino. "Le détecteur à rayonnement de transition de l'expérience NOMAD pour l'identification du (tau) dans le canal (tau)- -> e-VeVt." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10039.
Beucher, Jérôme. "Recherche et développement d'un détecteur gazeux PIM (Parallel Ionization Multiplier) pour la trajectographie de particules sous un haut flux de hadrons." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00191999.
Dans le cadre du programme européen de physique hadronique (EU-I3HP-JRA4), nous avons investigué le détecteur multi-étage PIM pour une application sous un haut flux de hadrons.
Lors de ce travail de recherche et développement, nous avons caractérisé de nombreuses configurations géométriques d'une structure PIM à 2 étages d'amplification séparés par un espace de transfert opérant avec un mélange gazeux Ne+10%CO2. Des tests réalisés sous faisceau de hadrons de hautes énergies auprès du CERN ont montrés que la probabilité de décharges peut être fortement réduite avec une structure adéquate du détecteur PIM. Un taux de décharges inférieur à 10-9 par hadron incident et une résolution spatiale de 51 µm ont par ailleurs été mesurés au point de fonctionnement correspondant au début du plateau d'efficacité (>96%).
Slassi, Sennou Sai͏̈d. "Spectroscopie fine du rayonnement gamma cosmique. Etude et optimisation d'un détecteur germanium à faible bruit : analyse de l'émission du centre galactique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30282.
Akiri, Tarek. "Test des Flash-ADCs, optimisation de la conception du détecteur et développement d'un nouveau concept de reconstruction spatiale dans l'expérience d'oscillation de neutrinos Double Chooz." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077138.
Double Chooz (DC) is a reactor neutrino oscillation experiment whose purpose is the measurement of the last unknown mixing angle 613. It inherits from the past CHOOZ experiment which was limited by the statistical and systematic errors at the same extent of about 2. 8%. To lower the statistical error, the DC detector target mass has been increased and a longer exposure k foreseen while the lowering of the systematic error is ensured by the use of two identical detectors One will be located in the vicinity of the reactor cores to monitor the flux and spectrum of the ~ve emitted whereas the other one will be located where the effect of the oscillation is expected to be maximal. They are respectively so-called 'near' and 'far' detectors. The expected errors are 0. 5% (stat. ) and 0. 6% (syst. ) for a measurement down to sin2 2613 = 0. 05 (613 = 6. 5°) at three standard deviations after three years of data taking. The far detector is expected for November 2010 while the near detector will be operational in mid-2012. This thesis presents first a hardware work consisting in testing the Flash-ADCs that are the core of the main acquisition System of the experiment. Subsequently, it presents analyses performed on Monte Carlo simulations towards the optimization of the detector design. This work was composed of analyses to choose some detector components with the appropriate natural radioactivity contamination, analyses for the best achievable energy resolution and the most stable and robust way of triggering. The work on the optimization of the detector together with the acquired knowledge on the Flash-ADCs led us to envisage the possibility of a new spatial reconstruction based on the time of flight. All these contributions to the experiment are described in details throughout this manuscript
Billot, Nicolas. "Etalonnage d'un nouveau type de détecteur bolométrique pour l'instrument PACS de l'Observatoire Spatial Herschel." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292030.
De nombreux instituts de recherche ont participé à l'élaboration de ce projet ambitieux, notamment le CEA qui a développé un nouveau type de détecteur bolométrique pour le photomµetre de l'instrument Herschel/PACS.
Ce manuscrit rend compte du travail de recherche que j'ai effectué au Service d'Astrophysique du CEA dans le cadre de ma thµese de doctorat. Ma tâche a consisté d'une part à développer une procédure de caractérisation adaptée aux nouvelles matrices de bolomµetres du CEA, et d'autre part à réaliser l'étalonnage du photomµetre PACS et à optimiser ses performances dans les différents modes d'observation ouverts à la communauté astronomique.
Dans ce manuscrit, je présenterai les grandes lignes de l'astronomie infrarouge de la découverte du rayonnement infrarouge par William Herschel à la réalisation de l'Observatoire Spatial Herschel. Je décrirai également les développements d'hier et d'aujourd'hui dans le domaine de la bolométrie refroidie afin de mettre en perspective les innovations apportées par le CEA, à savoir la fabrication collective de bolomµetres, la thermométrie haute impédance, le multiplexage à froid et l'absorption du rayonnement par cavité résonante. J'exposerai ensuite le principe de fonctionnement des matrices de bolomµetres, étape nécessaire pour comprendre la problématique de la procédure de caractérisation que nous avons mise au point. Puis je présenterai et analyserai en détail les résultats obtenus lors de la campagne d'étalonnage du Photomµetre PACS qui s'est achevée en Juin 2007. Enfin, je traduirai les mesures réalisées en laboratoire en terme de performances "observationnelles" du Photomµetre PACS.
Tchoualack, Tchamako Armel. "Détecteur SiC de particules et électronique de conditionnement." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0176.
It involves both studying a state-of-the-art silicon carbide particles (electrons and neutrons) detector and producing an adaptive integrated reconfigurable electronics interface from hardened technologies for the conditioning and processing electrical signal generated. The electronics front-end will be capable to extract all useful signals (current answer) from the detector having different characteristics (dimensions, response times) and providing resolved data (nature of the particle, spectroscopy, etc.) using on-board processor. Several scenarios of co-integration of the "detector and electronic reading" assembly taking into account the environment of use will be studied to design a particle detector equipped with on-board intelligence and placing the study in the state of art
Veziant, Olivier. "Calibration de l'expérience VIRGO : de l'étalonnage du détecteur à la recherche de signaux de coalescences binaires avec l'interféromètre central." Chambéry, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CHAMS011.
The aim of the VIRGO experiment is the detection of gravitational waves. The detector is based on a Michelson interferometer with three-kilometer long arms. Before the avialability of the complete detector, most of the technical choices have been tested on a small scale interferometer (CITF). The calibration of the CITF data has been studied in this thesis. This work involved the calibration of the electronics of the detection system, and the characterization of the detector response function. The latter is used to unfold the data from experimental effects and to estimate the detector sensitivity. A monitoring procedure of this response function has been aplied to procedure a time series of reconstructed data. The implementation of VIRGO will make use of an optical calibrator. The optical calibrator has been designed and assembled in laboratory and its performances have been measured. The physics analysis following the calibration step was tackled through a coalescing binary search algorithm
Bigler, Emmanuel. "Détecteurs d'images X grand champ : applications à la microscopie X de contact et à la microanalyse d'absorption avec le rayonnement synchrotron." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112100.
This thesis presents an application of synchrotron radiation (ORSAY/DCI storage ring) to X-ray contact microscopy and X-ray absorption chemical microanalysis near an absorption edge. In a first part, high resolution photographic plates are used as images detectors. Two microradioqraphs of the sample are recorded at two different X-ray wavelengths chosen on each side of an absorption edge of the analysed element. The images are digitalised with a microdensitometer. Subsequent computer processing gives analytical charts of this element showing 5 to 10 μm spatial resolution and 2-3 cm2 field. The second part presents an X-ray image detector based on guided scintillation. The detector is designed to improve the limited performances of photographic detection for high flux quantitative X-ray image detection over keV. X-ray to visible image conversion is performed in an array of optical fibers with a scintillating liquid core. A spatial resolution close to the pitch of the fiber array (10 μm) is experimentally obtained. Applications of the detector to X-ray microscopy, X-ray micro-analysis and medical imaging with synchrotron radiation are described
Ahmad, Salleh. "Développement et réalisation d'un circuit de microélectronique pour le détecteur spatial de rayons cosmiques JEM-EUSO." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112327.
Extreme Universe Space Observatory on Japanese Experiment Module (JEM-EUSO) is conceived as the next generation cosmic rays experiment for observing the highly energetic particles above 5.10¹⁹ eV. The project is lead by RIKEN and supported by an active collaboration of more than 200 members from 13 countries. This observatory, in the shape of a wide field-of-view UV telescope, will be attached to the International Space Station (ISS) for a planned launch in 2017. Observing the Air Showers generated in troposphere from an altitude of 400 km, this space based cosmic rays experiment will offer a very large instantaneous detection surface, which is at least 100 times bigger than the largest land based cosmic rays observatory. The detection surface of JEM-EUSO will be equipped with around 5000 units of 8x8 pixels Multianode Photomultiplier (MAPMT). A radiation hardened mixed signal application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), known as SPACIROC, has been proposed for reading out the MAPMT. This ASIC features 64-channel analog inputs, fast photon counting capabilities, charge measurements and high-speed data transfer. Above all, the power dissipation of this ASIC is required to be very low in order to comply with the strict power budget of JEM-EUSO. By taking the advantages of high speed AMS 0.35 µm Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) process, this ASIC integrates 64 fast Photon Counting channels. The photon counting time resolution is 30 ns, which allows the theoretical counting rate in the order of 10⁷ photons/s. The charge measurement system is based on Time-Over-Threshold which offers 8 measurement channels. Each measurement channel is composed of 8 pixels of the MAPMT and it is expected that this system will measure up to 200 pC. The digital part is then required to operate continuously and handles data conversion of each Photon Counting and Time-Over-Threshold channel. For the first version of this ASIC, one channel measurement channel for the dynode is also available. The digital data are transmitted via dedicated parallel communication links and within the defined Gate Time Unit (GTU) of 400 kHz frequency. The ASIC data output rate is in the vicinity of 200 Mbps or 576 bits/GTU. The power dissipation is kept strictly below 1 mW per channel or 64 mW for the ASIC. The first prototype of SPACIROC was sent for tapeout in March 2010 through Centre Multi Projet (CMP) prototyping services. The packaged ASICs and bare dies have been received in October 2010 which marked the characterization phase of this chip. After successful testing phase, SPACIROC chips were integrated into the front-end electronics of an instrument pathfinder for detecting the gamma ray bursts – Ultra Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO) which is foreseen to be launched in 2013. Towards the end of 2012, front-end board designed around SPACIROC chips have been fabricated for the EUSO-Balloon project. This balloon borne project will serve as a technical and engineering demonstrator of a fully miniaturized JEM-EUSO instrument which will be flown to the stratosphere at the altitude of 40 km. The second tapeout of this ASIC was done in December 2011. This second prototype, SPACIROC2, was tested from May 2012. The main improvements are as follows: lower power consumption due to better power management, enhancement in Photon Counting time resolution and extension the Time-Over-Threshold maximum input rate. The ongoing tests have shown that SPACIROC2 exhibits a good overall behavior and improvement compared to its predecessor
Chardin, Gabriel. "Recherche de muons souterrains en provenance de la direction de Cygnus X-3 dans le détecteur de Fréjus : Cygnus X-3 à haute énergie : être ou ne pas être." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112015.
Perdereau, Olivier. "Recherche d'oscillations des neutrinos atmosphériques dans l'expérience du Fréjus." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112076.
Among the known elementary particles, the neutrino has very particular properties in the Standard Model. It is the only massless and chargeless fermion : it couples to other particles onlt through the weak interaction. Thus the study of neutrino properties provides a test of the theoretical model of this interaction and enables us to search for exotic phenomena, such as oscillations between different neutrinoeigenstates. The first chapter of this thesis presents the basic neutrino specificities, from a theoretical point of view. Experimental limits on physical parameters such as neutrino mass and mixing are then reviewed. The Fréjus fine grained calorimeter, built for nucleon decay search, recorded about 200 neutrino interactions which are analysed here. The second chapter describes the apparatus, and the mecanism which account for atmospheric neutrino production. Neutrino interactions and their simulation in the detector are thzn presented. The third chapter discusses event measurement and data analysis. The satisfactory statistical agreement found between data and Monte Carlo simulation makes it possible, under some hypothesis, to exclude neutrino oscillations. The signatures for oscillations in our experiment are described in the fourth chapter, together with results of a search for oscillations in the data. This produces new limits on the oscillation parameters. The study is made in the three 2-neutrino hypothesis, but effects of a third flavor are also considered. Finally, the conclusions of the analysis are compared with those of other underground experiments, such as I. M. B. Oe Kamiokande. The last chapter deals with various subjects, related with the search for a signal superimposed on the atmospheric neutrino flux, such as a high energy neutrino flux produced by an astrophysical point-like source, or a cosmic flux of supersymmetric particles
Koeniguer, Cédric. "Transport électronique dans les détecteurs à cascade quantique." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00491605.
Boudoul, Gaëlle. "Trous noirs primordiaux, rayonnement cosmique et développements instrumentaux pour l'imageur Tcherenkov de l'expérience spatiale AMS." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003566.
Lutter, Guillaume. "Etude du système d'étalonnage relatif du calorimètre du détecteur NEMO 3 et recherche des périodes de décroissances 2β0nu et 2β2nu du 100Mo." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13248.
Goulette, Marc. "Simulation et détermination des quantités de matière du trajectomètre à rayonnement de transition de l'expérience ATLAS, étalonnage et alignement du détecteur avec des données cosmiques, et estimation des sections efficaces de production des désintégrations W ev et Z ee au LHC." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6186.
The thesis has been completed within the Translation Radiation Tracker (TRT) group of the ATLAS experiment at CERN, between January 2006 ans May 2009. This work has been done during the last years of construction of the LHC experiments, before data taking, expected for the winter 2009/2010. After a short introduction in particle physics, the thesis describes the ATLAS experiment and in particular its inner detector and TRT. This report can be divided into four main parts. First, work on the TRT simulation has been done. Results include some geometry definition, as well as some estimates and measurements of the TRT barrel and end-caps weight. The detector performances are studied in a second part, to measure the electrons energy (E) and scalar momentum (p). Using some E/p distributions, a work on the determination of the amount of material and the residual misalignments is presented. In the third part, an estimate of the systematic uncertainty due to the acceptance corrections on the W ev and Z ee cross-section measurements is given. The last part contains an analysis of cosmic ray data in the TRT. The first results on the wire-by-wire alignment are presented