Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Detached buildings'

The global increase in demand for dwelling energy and implications of changing climatic conditions on buildings require the built environment to build sustainable dwellings. The aim of this thesis is to apply passive mitigation and adaptation design strategies to newly detached residential buildings in the UK with the view to identify the key building envelop and systems parameters to secure the right balance of energy consumption and thermal comfort in dwellings. In addition, currently, acceptable robust validation process for validating space temperatures is required, as existing simulation software validation is geared toward energy consumption. The thesis further aims to apply an effective validation method to the validation of building simulation indoor temperatures. This thesis comprised of six case studies. In the first study, Bland-Altman’s method of comparison is used as a validation technique in validating space temperatures in building simulation application. This is a newly developed knowledge in civil and construction engineering research in validating thermal analysis simulation software. The relevance of this approach is due to the emergent understanding that the goodness of fit measures used in current building simulation model validation are inadequate coupled with that fact that the current simulation software validation are geared toward energy consumption. In the second study, global Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis is performed on two differing weather patterns of UKCIP02 and UKCP09 weather data sets to compare their impact on future thermal performance of dwellings when use in thermal analysis simulation. The investigation seeks to ascertain the influential weather parameters which affect future dwelling indoor temperatures. The case study when compared to literature affirms the mean radiant temperature and the dry bulb air temperature as the key parameters which influence operative temperatures in dwellings. The third study, the extent of impact of climate change on key building performance parameters in a free running residential building is quantified. The key findings from this study were that the average percentage decrease for the annual energy consumption was predicted to be 2.80, 6.60 and 10.56 for 2020s, 2050s and 2080s time lines respectively. A similar declining trend in the case of annual natural gas consumption was 4.24, 9.98 and 16.1, and that for building emission rate and heating demand were 2.27, 5.49 and 8.72 and 7.82, 18.43 and 29.46 respectively. This decline is in consonance with the range of annual average temperature change predicted by the GCM based on the IPCC scenarios (IPCC, 2001) which generally shows an increase in temperature over stipulated timelines. The study further showed that future predicted temperature rise might necessitate the increasing use of cooling systems in residential buildings. The introduction of cooling to offset overheating risk, the trend of heating and cooling demand shows progressive increase variability with an average percentage increase of 0.53, 4.68 and 8.12 for 2020s, 2050s and 2080s timelines respectively. It is therefore observed that the introduction of cooling cancels out the energy gains related to heating due to future climatic variability. The fourth, fifth and sixth case studies consider the integrated passive mitigation strategies of varying future climatic conditions, variable occupant behaviour, building orientation, adequate provision of thermal mass, advance glazing, appropriate ventilation and sufficient level of external shading which influence the potential thermal performance of dwellings and a methodology that combines thermal analysis modelling and simulation coupled with the application of CIBSE TM52 adaptive overheating criteria to investigate the thermal comfort and energy balance of dwellings and habitable conservatories. In the fourth study, the impact of four standardized construction specifications on thermal comfort on detached dwellings in London, Birmingham and Glasgow are considered. The results revealed that the prime factor for the variation of indoor temperatures is the variability of climatic patterns. In addition, London is observed to experience more risk of thermal discomfort than Birmingham and Glasgow over the time period for the analysis. The total number of zones failing 2 or 3 CIBSE TM52 overheating criteria is more in London than in Birmingham and Glasgow. It was also observed that progressive increase in thermal mass of the standardized construction specifications decrease the indoor temperature swings but increase in future operative temperatures. The day ventilation scenario was seen not to be effective way of mitigating internal heat gains in London and Birmingham. The opposite was observed in Glasgow. Night ventilation coupled with shading offered the best mitigation strategy in reducing indoor temperatures in London and Birmingham. In the fifth study, Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis is used to determine the impact of standard construction specifications and UKCP09 London weather files on thermal comfort in residential buildings. Consideration of London urban heat island effect in the CIBSE TM49 weather files leading to the generation of three different weather data sets for London is analysed. The key findings of the study indicated that in the uncertainty analysis (box and whiskers plots), the medians for the day ventilation scenarios are generally higher than those of the night ventilation and further higher than the night ventilation with shading scenarios. This shows that applying mitigation scenarios of night ventilation and shading have a significant impact on reducing internal operative temperatures. In addition, the sensitivity analysis shows glazing as the most dominant parameter in enhancing thermal comfort. The sensitivity of glazing to thermal comfort increases from Gatwick, with London Weather Centre having the highest sensitivity index. This could be attributed to the urban heat island effect of central London, leading to higher internal operative temperatures. The study thus shows that more consideration should be given to glazing and internal heat gains than floor and wall construction when seeking to improve the thermal comfort of dwellings. Finally, the sixth study considers the use of passive solar design of conservatories as a viable solution of reducing energy consumption, enhancing thermal comfort and mitigating climate change. The results show that the judicious integration of the passive solar design strategies in conservatories with increasing conservatory size in elongated south facing orientation with an aspect ratio of at least 1.67 could progressively decrease annual energy consumption (by 5 kWh/m2), building emission rate (by 2.0 KgCO2/m2) and annual gas consumption (by 7 kWh/m2) when the conservatory is neither heated nor air-conditioned. Moreover, the CIBSE TM52 overheating analysis showed that the provision of optimum ventilation strategy depending on the period of the year coupled with the efficient design of awnings/overhangs and the provision of external adjustable shading on the east and west facades of the conservatory could significantly enhance the thermal comfort of conservatories. The findings from these case studies indicate that thermal comfort in dwellings can be enhanced by analysis of future climatic patterns, improved building fabric and provision of passive design consideration of improved ventilation and shading. They also confirm that the utilization of appropriate mitigation strategies to enhance thermal comfort could contribute to the reduction of the environmental implications to the built environment and facilitate the drive towards the attainment of future sustainability requirements.

The affordability crisis in the North American housing market has prompted the construction industry to reexamine technologies designed to lower cost through the factory mass production process. This thesis concentrates on modular prefabricated housing in the Province of Quebec in order to determine if this housing option can supply a less expensive alternative to comparable conventionally built housing. As issues of construction cost are allied with the quality of construction, a comparison between the conventional and the manufactured building industries, at this level, is also essential. Surveys evaluating sales cost and quality of construction have been developed for the modular prefabricated and conventional single family detached housing industry for the Province of Quebec. Fifteen prefabricated home builders and six conventional home builders were surveyed in order to facilitate the comparison between the two industries. It was found, based on the builders surveyed, that the average level of construction quality was consistent in both industries. The prefabricated residential home builders, however, proved on average to be approximately ten percent more expensive than the conventional home builders surveyed. Reasons for these cost discrepancies have been found to be related to the high start-up costs inherent in the manufactured housing industry, the overall cyclical market demand for housing, as well as price protection for distributors of manufactured housing.

Småhusbranschen innefattar en del av fastighetsbranschen som i sin tur är ansvariga för 19 procent av växthusgasutsläppen i Sverige. Det har gjorts mycket forskning kring bygg- och fastighetsbranschen med fokus på flerbostadshus vilket har gjort att studier om småhusbranschen har hamnat i skymundan. Syftet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse för hur småhusbranschen och dess aktörer arbetar mot dagens miljöproblem och för ett hållbart byggande. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod där intervjuer har gjorts med representanter från sex svenska företag inom småhusbranschen. Studiens tyngdpunkt ligger vid ord istället för siffror och statistik, eftersom det skapar en bättre uppfattning och upplevelse. Respondenternas svar skildrar en bild av verkligheten, vilket ger ett bättre djup i studien. För att förstå företagens hållbarhetsstrategier på ett bättre sätt har teorierna Strategic fit och differentieringsteorin tillämpats. Studien visar på att respondenterna är eniga om att det har skett en utveckling i rätt riktning inom småhusbranschens mål kring miljöfrågor. Miljömålet gällande en utsläppneutral fastighetsbransch 2045 är en bidragande faktor till att utvecklingen går i rätt riktning. Respondenterna är överens om att det finns incitament för att bygga hållbart, men inte tillräckligt starka för att övergå helt till grönt byggande. Det som krävs för grönt byggande är framförallt ekonomiska incitament för företagen eftersom kunder inom småhusbranschen sällan ställer krav på att husen ska vara certifierade. Branschen har olika åsikter om hur utsläppsneutralitet ska nås, vissa menar på att branschen tillsammans kommer lösa det, medan andra menar på att det krävs styrning från myndigheter. Vidare har det framkommit att samtliga småhusföretag arbetar utifrån en hållbarhetsstrategi på ett eller annat vis, en del arbetar utefter certifikat och andra ser till att företaget är miljömedvetna i sitt val av material och produktion.
The detached house market is part of the real estate industry, which is responsible for 19 percent of the greenhouse gas emission in Sweden. A lot of research has been made about the construction- and real estate industry with focus on apartment buildings, which has resulted in the detached house industry not getting enough attention. The purpose of this study is to establish an understanding of the detached house market and how the industry works towards environmental goals and sustainable construction. To collect primary data a qualitative approach has been applied. Six individual in-depth interviews have been conducted with participants from Swedish companies from the detached house industry. As the aim has been to collect qualitative data, focus has been on words and comprehension instead of numbers and statistics during the interviews. The respondents’ answers portray a picture of reality which provides more depth in the study. In order to better understand the companies’ sustainability strategies, the theories strategic fit and the differentiation theory have been applied. The research has found that all interview respondents agree that the progress is going in the right direction towards the detached house industry’s environmental goals. The environmental goal regarding an emissions-neutral real estate industry in 2045 is a contributing factor to the development going in the right direction. The respondents agree that there are incentives to build sustainably, but these are not strong enough to switch completely to green construction. What is required for companies to be encouraged to build green is, above all, financial incentives as customers in the detached house industry rarely demand that the houses are certified. The industry has different views on how emission neutrality in 2045 should be achieved, some believe that the industry together will solve it, while others believe that control from authorities is required. Further, it has been found that all detached house companies work on the basis of a sustainability strategy in one way or another, some work according to certificates and others ensure that the company is environmentally conscious in their choice of materials and production.

The task of this diploma thesis is to suggest insulation of chosen building and evaluate difference of operation costs before and after finishing the insulation. The economic return of the investment will be focused as well.

Purpose: This degree project aims to see how the energy demand from active heating of detached houses can be improved to meet the energy performance requirements set for nearly zero-energy buildings by Boverket (The Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning). Method: To accomplish this, the benefits from two different energy-saving installations are studied: bedrock heat pumps and heat exchangers in Heat Recovery Ventilation Systems (HRV-systems). These are then compared in a new and an older detached house with very different heat losses. There are several reports of energy-saving systems in detached houses. What distinguishes this work is that it compares the specific results from the added energy-saving system depending on whether it was added first or last. The older detached house is an important part of this work as it represents a possible impact on parts of the existing housing stock with a similar technical standard. The energy balance for the buildings is calculated monthly with all contributions from passive heat considered, and with the energy demand for active heating as the main result. Results: It is very difficult to meet the energy performance requirements for an older detached house without extensive measures or renovations. The HRV-system had a low to very low impact. Both types of detached houses have a lot to gain from an investment in bedrock heating, especially the older one that has high energy demands. However, the new detached house with a higher technical standard in the building envelope, was the only one to meet the energy requirements with the bedrock heat pump on its own. Conclusion: Bedrock heating can be a very profitable investment as it provides heat both for the active heating of the building as well as for the domestic hot water. In order to meet tougher energy requirements, the bedrock heat pump may need to be accompanied by an improved and more energy-efficient building envelope and the supply of self-produced electricity, such as solar cells. HRV-systems require a good air tightness and an energy-efficient building envelope to be profitable. In older detached houses, it is not a profitable investment, as it does not have sufficiently large proportions of controlled ventilation to work with. In newer houses the proportion of controlled ventilation is bigger, but the amount of heat loss that can be affected is still not as big as the energy savings a bedrock heat pump can bring.

This diploma thesis aims to design a project documentation for a realization of a newbuild hotel. The building is in Sigord recreation ground, near Kokosovce village in Slovakia. The object is a detached building with three storeys and a partial basement. An entrance hall, offices, bar and a restaurant are situated on the ground floor. The hotel is on the first and the second floors. Foundations of the building are made of jamb blocks and a reinforced concrete beam foundation. Construction system is skeletal, consisting of concrete poles and reinforced concrete beams, filling and vertical constructions are made of Ytong aerated concrete blocks. Horizontal constructions are made from Spiroll precast panels, with reinforced concrete ceilings. The building is finished off with a single ply roof with a standard order of layers.

Detta examensarbete på 15 högskolepoäng har som syfte att undersöka några åtgärder för minskade uppvärmningskostnader. Då det byggs mycket nytt idag får man inte glömma bort alla befintliga byggnader. Det första steget mot minskad energianvändning är att minimera uppvärmningsbehovet. I detta arbete har vissa utvalda åtgärder beräknats på en 70-tals villa för att se vad man sparar in. Genom mätningar och information från villans byggnadsbeskrivning beräknas byggnadsdelarnas U-värden. Köldbryggor beräknas med datorprogram. Genom vetskap om ortens gradtimmar kan de totala energiförlusterna beräknas, som är transmissionsförluster, köldbryggor och ventilationsförluster. Tillskott från gratisvärme räknas in.

Åtgärder som beräknas är sänkt inomhustemperatur, som är en enkel lösning och inte kräver någon investering av pengar. Sänker man temperaturen i denna villa 1 ºC så sparar man ca. 9% energi varje år, vilket blir 2158 kr per år. Tilläggsisolering av vindsbjälklag är också relativt enkelt. För att uppnå en isoleringstjocklek på 500 mm används lösull. Denna åtgärd ger besparing på 2193 kr varje år vilket ger en återbetalningstid på knappt 6 år med arbete och materialkostnader inräknat. Att byta till nya fönster kostar desto mer och är inte lönsamt om de befintliga fönstren inte är i behov av att bytas ut. De fönster som används är 3-glasfönster med isolerruta. Med ett U-värde på 1,2 fås den lägsta återbetalningstiden på 24 år. Att byta till ett ventilationssystem av typen FTX har för denna villa en återbetalningstid på 10 år vilket är en rimlig åtgärd. Det förutsätter då att ventilationsaggregatet är i drift hela året och inte kräver någon eftervärmning av tilluften.

This master thesis describes a detached house, requirements for the detached house, price, technical-economic index and card of cost indicator. The author performed an analysis of selected houses and itemized budgets of selected houses. Different shapes, technologies and solutions of materials are included in the analysis. The author, from the analysis, inferred the behavior of technical-economic index (TEI) of detached houses. The author described behavior in the particular and sub models. The author suggested methodology of calculation of the price data, the spatial data and the structure of price TEICF2 (technical-economic index, complex formula, version 2) of planned detached house. The author founded his methodology on particular and sub models. The principle of methodology TEICF2 consists in the analogy of the planned detached house with the model with same parameters. The author implemented TEICF2 into application dyCBI. Application dyCBI is working on Microsoft Excel.

This diploma thesis deals with the processing of project documentation in the documentation phase for construction of building object SO 01 – Detached house with facilities. The thesis is not worked out in full extent, as prescribed in Decree No. 62/2013 Coll. Amending Decree No. 499/2006 Coll., On Construction Documentation. It includes only part A (Data Accompanying Report), B (Summary Technical Report), C (Situational Drawings), D.1.1 (Architectural and Building Solutions) and D.1.3 (Fire Safety Solutions) of Appendix 6 of this Decree. In addition, a thermal-technical assessment of the building was elaborated. There are two specializations in small range as additional part of the documentation as well. The proposed two-storey house with small cellar is situated on flat land in the village of Lipová-lázně and layout of the object is divided into two parts, part of house with function of housing and part with facilities for cooking and catering for more persons.

The master’s thesis topic is a project of a low-energy cottage. The cottage is situated in Kralický Sněžník near Jeseník and it is designed for forty customers. The house is designed as a detached house with two floors and with one basement and with a gable roof. A substructure is from a system blockpanel of a concrete and a heat insulations. The structural system of a superstructure is designed from a timber frame and a heat insulations. The indoor shell is formed from a plasterboard. The house shell is covered by heat insulations. The main entrance is located to the south. It leads to a hall with a reception. On the ground floor we can find a restaurant which is situated in the left part of the cottage. On the ground floor we can also find a room for disabled people and in the north-eastern corner are situated WC for people. The first floor is reachable via stairs from the entry hall. Upstairs there are seven rooms and four bathrooms with toilets. Two rooms of them have a ensuite bathroom. All of the rooms are enterable from the hall. Five of them have a window to the south side and other two rooms have a window to the north side. In the basement there is an utility room a boiler room a laundry a workshop and stocks.

Abstract (in English)

"This thesis work is a design project of an on-site construcktions. The issue addressed by the project was how to

devise and design an detached house

I have examined which architecture-drawings, construcktion-drawings and static calculations are needed to

produce an on-site construcktions detached house.

The result is presented in the finished drawings for the construction documents, which show a one-storey

detached house with an attractive/accessible construction plan. It uses the combination of a strong style of

architecture and a clear influence of functional design. This is clarified by the bench ceilings, and the facade,

which is partly laying panel, partly white trimmed.

Size: 153 square meters

Number of rooms: 6, where of 3 are bedrooms."

Sammanfattning

Detta examensarbete är ett utformningsprojekt av en platsbyggd villa. Frågeställningen till

projektet var hur man kan utforma en villa.

Jag har undersökt vilka A-ritningar, K-ritningar samt statiska beräkningar som behövs för att

producera en platsbyggd villa.

Resultatet visar färdiga ritningar till bygghandlingar vilket betyder enplans villa med

attraktiv/öppen planlösning och en stark byggnadsstil med tydliga inflytanden av funkisstil.

Detta tydliggörs genom pulpettaken, och fasaden som är delvis liggande panel, delvis vit

putsad.

Yta: 153 kvm

Antal rum: 6, varav sovrum: 3

Según estudios realizados por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, en la región de Puno, en los censos de 1993 y 2007 existe un crecimiento demográfico emigrante de las zonas rurales a la zona urbana, de la ciudad de Juliaca, gran parte de esta población pertenece al sector socioeconómico “C”; por lo que la demanda de la adquisición de la vivienda propia que sea de bajo costo y además cumpla con las necesidades básica que se incrementaron para dicha población. El objetivo de esta tesis consiste en el desarrollo y utilización de nuevas tecnologías de gestión como es el uso del BIM (Building Information Modeling) y el Lean Construction para el desarrollo de una vivienda unifamiliar en la ciudad de Juliaca, como así también la implementación del uso de materiales y técnicas de construcción novedosos tales como son los prefabricados de concreto; con estas nuevas tendencias de construcción y gestión se procura aminorar los costos y tener la posibilidad de adquirir la vivienda propia para este sector de la población. Dentro de este estudio se establece que los prefabricados a utilizarse en este proceso constructivo de la vivienda serán los paneles tipo Sándwich y las prelosas, las cuales son comparadas con el sistema tradicional que corresponde a un sistema aporticado que es usado mayormente en la ciudad de Juliaca.
According to some statistical studies by Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática – INEI, in the region of Puno, performed in the 1993 and 2007 Census; there is increasing of immigrant population who belong to the "C" socioeconomical sector; for which low-cost own housing that meets the requirements of this population has shown a strong growth. The aim of this thesis consists in developing and use of new technologies of management in building, as the usage of BIM (Building Informatio Modeling), and Lean Construction in order to get a single-family house built in the city of Juliaca, as well as the implementation of the use of new materials and new construction techniques, as pre-fabricated concrete construction products; with these new construction and management trends, we seek to lower costs and to get the possibility to obtain own housing for this sector of the population. Pre-fabricated construction products to be used in this process of building of houses will be Sandwich panels and floor plates, which will be compared with the traditional building breached system used mostly used in the city of Juliaca.
Trabajo de investigación

This is a detached office building with halls located in an industrial zone. The building is situated in Ostrovačice. The office building has two floors without cellar. There are an entrance hall with reception, three office rooms, kitchen with dining room, archives, restrooms and technical background on the first floor. There are one office room, office of managing director, office of traders, boardroom, training room, kitchen and restrooms on the second floor. From the entrance hall you can climb from double staircase to the roof. The building is covered by single-layer flat roof. This is extensive green roof. The building is based on the footings of plain concrete and is built from the building system POROTHERM with contact insulation system from company ISOVER. The office building has a production and storage hall. There are an entrance hall, dressing room for men and other also for women with shower, separate toilets, kitchen with dining room and engine room of ventilation in production hall. Built-up area is totally 1926,6 square metres.

This thesis deals with current topics of today, such as the issue of valuation of real estate and energy performance of buildings. The content is divided into a theoretical part where the first general and then specifically looks at the issue, and the practical part, which contains the calculations for determining the price of the selected house by direct comparison and cost methods by decree. It also specifies the energy performance of the house in its current state, and after the thermal insulation. Orientation also the return on the investments made from the perspective of the investor. The aim of this study is to assess the extent to which there is an increase in the price of a house due to the thermal insulation.

The thesis contains the design and construction design of a residential building with an establishment connected to the existing terraced houses in the town of Svitavy in level of project documentation for the construction. The building has a rectangular plan shape, one underground floor, three floors, the attic and the roof is designed as a saddle. The property is brought footpaths and nearby the parking is proposed. Building land is sloping to the north. The main part of the building is intended for living, ground floor is designed for three establishments.

The Master’s thesis deals with the development of construction of residential properties and housing estate in the locality of Tišnov. The thesis describes the particular historical building periods in Tišnov. In shows the historical development, changing and growing on the town. Some chapters describe the current status of building activities and the possible future development of this area in the residental properties. The main purpose of the thesis is to get the detailed summary of the construction of residental properties in the elected lokality from the very beginning to these days. All results the research are displayed in the overwiew map, the individual period sof building development in the town of Tišnov are distinquish with colors.

This thesis of problem with sell realty. Namely, have energy performance certification of building (EPCB) influence to price of detached house. In the firt part thesis is solved EPCB (when we need it, who can perform it and the calculation for a particular detached house). In the second part is valued the building using the market compared to the development of database house. After comparing the results achieved and the informations we determined, whether EPCB affect the price of the detached house or not.

Theme of this master's thesis is a new library building design including traffic and technical infrastructure. Content of the building integrates library, education centre, bookshop and coffee house. Main tasks of the institution are cultural, informational and educational activities. Due to its position, library building should create functional centre of social life and provide opportunities for gathering of inhabitants. Library is designed as detached building with four levels above, and one level under the ground. Supporting structure is created by reinforced concrete frames. Ventilated facade is insulated with mineral wool and paneled with cement-fiber boards. Object is covered with single-skin roof.

This thesis solves the design of multifunctional building. The building is situated on the outskirts of Mikulov in the cadastral area Mikulov in Moravia. Plot number is the 5087th. Multifunctional house will be used for housing of 26 people and providing commercial services. There are considered groceries and hairdressing salon. The building is designed without a basement, four-storey, with a gabled roof. It is based on the footings of plain concrete. The structural system consists of wall formwork system from VELOX.

This thesis solves new building multifunctional building in Brno in the form of documentation for construction. The work contains text, drawings and calculation part. The building is designed as a detached and located in a slightly sloping terrain. The new building is designed as a four-storey with basement and three floors. The facility is designed sixteen and four residential rental units. The structural system is a cross- walled ceramic fittings. Horizontal structures ceilings are made of precast filigree ceiling tiles with nadbetonovanou distribution plates. The roof is designed as a single-layer flat. Part of the main road in the building is designed passenger elevator. The work process basic assessment of building in terms of building physics and approximate calculation of the base area.

This is detached sports center. The building is situated in the town of Jiříkovice town in Brno – Country Distric. This sports centre has two floors and it is partially with a cellar. The building is based on the footings of concrete. It is built from the building system POROTHERM and PREFA with contact insulation system from company ISOVER and ventilated facade. The roof construction is single-flat, on part is designed vegetation roof. Area buildings is 792,25 m2.

This thesis is focusing on market value and cost price of a real estate. The difference between the above-mentioned market value and cost price in relation to a specific real estate is emphasized. To regard and evaluate this difference a database of real estates was needed to be established. Building plots in the region of Opava with a planned construction of a detached house were chosen to establish this database. In all cases, the cost price of the structure and the future market value of the building plot with a completed building of the detached house was known. Based on the database, the main impact of each characteristic of the structure and the building plot on the difference in market value and cost price of particular real estates is evaluated in the main part of this thesis. In it’s last part this thesis comes to the application of ascertained conclusions on the problematic of municipalities management with municipal real estates in the most economical effective way.

The aim of my master’s thesis is a project of a new apartment building at a level of the documentation for the structure realization. The thesis contains text, drawings and calculation part. The house is designed as a detached house. Residential house is situated in flat terrain. The building is full basement with four above-ground floor. The house has 16 housing units. The construction system is a combined brick. The structural system of the basement part is made up of permanent shuttering. The floors are of brick blocks HELUZ. In the middle of the building is constructed elevator. The ceiling structure is made of prefabricated prestressed panels Spiroll. The roof consists of single-layer flat roof. The thesis also includes thermal and technical expertise and the calculation of the foundation structure.

This Master's thesis "Multi-function building" deals with a project of new multi-function building. It is in a stage of project documentation. An object is design as a detached house. The house is slab-on-ground with four stories. In the object are designed 8 flats with 7 garages. In the first story is situated a wellness centre and an office. The roof is flat, projected as single-skin. A carrier system is made from sacrificial formwork system. A construction of a ceiling is projected as ribbed floor. Windows and entering doors are plastic, interior doors are wooden. A part of work is a specialization from a branch concrete structures.

The subject of the diploma thesis is the solution of chosen parts of the construction technology project of the 1st phase of the construction „Komplex RD Slavkov, Pod Zlatou horou“. These are 4 semi-detached houses, overall 8 family houses. The work deals with technological regulations for the superstructure including roof, study of the realization of the construction technology project, design of the main construction machines and mechanisms and control and test plan. For the whole construction is elaborated time and financial plan in two variants, namely the gradual and current method of construction, and a detailed schedule for one semi-detached house. The technical report of the building site equipment is completed with the drawings, itemized budget of the building part of the house, noise study and specialization focused on the photovoltaic system, with an alternative solution to use solar collectors. The thesis also includes a case study of construction methods focused on the gradual and current method of construction.

The subject of diploma project is the design of complex of buildings using hemp lime composite, in English known as Hempcerete. Four detached houses are completed by building of facilities. Buildings have one to three floors. The composite fiercly reduces carbon footprint in building industry. The design is focused on different construction systems using hemp lime composite as a wall filling. Detached houses are made of load bearing timber frame with cast-in-situ hempcrete, building of facilities is made of reinforced concrete with precasted blocks. All buildings are cellarless. Detached houses are shed roofed, building of facilities is gable roofed.

碩士
中華科技大學
土木防災與管理碩士班
106
If there is a fire, people are not only alert at the earliest - on fire, but also aware at once – the dos and don’ts, in order to prevent a conflagration and/ or it might even change to a disaster area. Thus it would reduce the number of casualties and the loss of property on fire. In Taiwan, there are many complicated types of buildings, however, there are only seven types of buildings under the control of the fire safety policies, the standards of the fire equipment, too. In fact, it is according to the uses of the buildings, or the buildings are appropriate for safety facilities or over size of establishment, to have to install fire safety equipment, such as automatic fire alarms, fire sensor devices, smoke alarms and so on. However, there are many problems with premises and residential areas. Building and structure are safety/ fire risk. If there is a fire, people are not feeling very alert. Furthermore, the fire may become a large fire that causes a lot of damage. In almost fatal cases, some people or firefighters were trapped in burning buildings. This is because those buildings are not under the supervision of the premises. 　　　The aim of the study of "Residential Fire Alarms" is to reduce the number of casualties in fire accidents in detached houses such as studio apartments, rowhouses through analysis and promotion. We have conducted the survey, data collection, literature review, case analysis, interview, questionnaire as well as the Analytic Hierarchy Process and so on to find out about the improvement and the solution. 　　　Referring to a report of the Department of Statistic, the Ministry of the Interior, the report presents the findings during 2016. A large majority of the fire are detached buildings. Also the report presents the rate of occurrence has been declining in recent years, but it is important to prevent the buildings on fire nevertheless. In fact that people died or they are injured due to lack of alert on fire and awareness. Most of casualties were found only in detached houses. The reasons for disaster are no awareness, no alerting to the Fire Service Department as well as trapping in burning buildings. Besides, how to reduce the rate of casualty in the burning buildings where without fire safety equipment? Due to some problems with buildings i.e. no fire safety equipment, let’s use the result of the Analytic Hierarchy Process for solving. In the future, the solution is on the reference for law and implementation for policy respectively in order to reduce the rate of casualty.

碩士
長榮大學
土地管理與開發學系碩士班
102
In recent years, as the world population increases, the resources of Earth become depleted, and energy and environmental problems become more serious. The ecological consciousness of the public gradually rises. People will use resources to maximize efficiency and reduce manufacturing waste using green building concepts are yielded. 40% of electricity consumption in the whole world which is total annual consumption of energy is by living in the buildings of residence (EPBD, 2002). The buildings in British, as an example, the annual consumption of resources are about 50% of the national energy and raw materials and 40% of the resources (Edward, 1998). Therefore, it can be said that the energy consumption of buildings takes up a huge amount of resources of Earth. The cases of green building of private implementation are few in Taiwan; it may be due to lack of public consciousness on using of green building. Therefore, this study is based on Green Building Certification System in Taiwan (EEWH system), which is through references and questionnaires. We consider the benefits of green building, the main benefits and benefit evaluation factors of detached house of case in Tainan using illustration methods and applications, which Include estimates and assessments building breakdown of costs and benefits. And we wish to contribute the theory and practice work of green building in Taiwan. The main factor to determine the effectiveness of this paper is through references and questionnaires. And by the case of cost of traditional architecture, we assess green building to quantify which become cases of costs. Finally, in two different conditions, the traditional architecture and green building, we assess cost and benefit. From questionnaire analysis, we found that consciousness of green building is the highest carbon dioxide emissions and uses of energy-saving (water-saving) equipment. Therefore, we use these two variables to do this case study. Certain building, detached house, in Tainan is an example. We do the traditional architecture and green building cost price analysis, and analysis of carbon dioxide emissions and energy efficiency (water-saving) analysis. In this paper, results from case studies are showing as following: 1. The case of this research house, respectively the traditional construction method and green building construction method estimate the project cost of its case. Traditional building construction project costs total of NT$ 32,593,251 in this cases, and using green building techniques and materials technology, will increase 5.6 percent of the total construction project costs, with a total construction project cost is NT $ 34,410,139. 2. In this study, we estimate the case into four parts which are: the body structure of the building engineering, interior decoration engineering, aluminum doors and windows engineering, and water & electricity engineering of carbon dioxide emissions. Respectively, traditional construction methods and green building construction methods of the total amount of CO2 emissions were 1,178,301 kg and 1,150,771 kg, CO2 emissions per unit area was 1257.4 kg/m2 and 1225.4 kg/m2. From this, green building construction method can effectively reduce the total CO2 emissions of 27,530 kg, namely 29.3 kg/m2 per unit area of CO2 emissions. 3. In energy conservation (water-saving) computing section, people can use in daily life that saving green building technology construction method, and can save 113 m3 of water; 6,386 KWh/yr of electricity in a year; total water and electricity savings of the year is NT$16,872. In terms of building 50 years of computing, people can save utilities NT$843,600 each. According to the analysis of results of this study, it shows that although green building construction methods increased 5.6% in construction costs, the performance on CO2 emissions and energy saving have significant benefits. In addition, people on green building are still a significant recognition, and this will help to promote future reference of green building. Key Words: green building, detached house, cost, benefit

This thesis explains basic problems related to construction of the building. A primary goal of this work was set to work out a project of small detached house in given locality. This project has to reflect requirements of modern young family living. The appearance of house also has to respect circumstances of rural surrounding. The Local plan sets out a land use strategy for the district. During this work were all the regulations of planning policy followed. Designing building layouts to maximize the space use and improve accessibility inside buildings are important consideration for building designers. There were two possible building layouts designed. After due consideration was one of these variants chosen for further elaboration. The considerable work has been done by taking a general overview of the building process preparation. The main conclusion of this work is not only the spatial layout of one single house. Building law in the Czech Republic was completely modified year 2007. In connection with this modification, this work also provides a useful outline of new building act.

碩士
逢甲大學
建築學系
102
The impact of Western culture has led to a gradual transformation in the lifestyle of Taiwan’s citizens. People in Taiwan have come to attach more importance to leisure, and growing numbers of people have got into the habit of visiting coffee shops as a way to relax and unwind, either alone or with a group of friends. Today, besides providing a wide range of different types of coffee and other beverages, coffee shops in Taiwan also rely heavily on their décor, style and atmosphere to attract customers. In particular, those coffee shops located in their own detached buildings (as opposed to being located in a shopping mall, department store, etc.) have sought to create a unique visual appearance, and to provide an environment in which consumers can relax and enjoy a get-together with friends, which in turn leads customers to spend longer inside the building. This study constitutes an in-depth examination of the factors affecting consumer behavior in such detached-building coffee shops. Coffee shops located in detached buildings constitute the largest share of the Starbucks branches in Taichung City (in Central Taiwan). The questions addressed by this study include: What common features do these detached-building coffee shops share? What impact does the existence of the coffee shop have? Which aspects of the coffee shop’s spatial layout help to attract customers? How does the spatial layout affect customer behavior? Taking those Starbucks coffee shops in Taichung City that are located in detached buildings as the object of its research, the present study collates information regarding the spatial layout of each individual coffee shop, and explores consumers’ consumption behavior and usage needs in relation to these coffee shops; the study also seeks to analyze the relationship between consumer perception and consumer satisfaction. The research findings and the study’s recommendations can be summarized as follows: 1. Consumption behavior: The most commonly used means of transportation employed by consumers to travel to a coffee shop is a motorcycle or scooter. It is suggested that coffee shop operators may want to consider increasing the number of motorcycle parking spaces that they provide. 2. As regards what changes consumers wished to see in the external spatial environment of coffee shops, the most widely reported wish was for coffee shops to increase the area outside the store given over to plants and flowers. The next most widely-requested change was an increase in the number of car parking spaces provided. It is suggested that coffee shop chains might be advised to implement coordinated, consistent improvements to their greenification of the exterior of each coffee shop, and to the provision of parking spaces. 3. The aspects of the coffee shop interiors that consumers felt could be improved included the following: Consumers felt that the number of seats provided was too small, and that coffee shops should install more low partitions and more charging stations near customers’ seats; consumers also suggested that coffee shops could create areas within the coffee shop where the seats have more privacy from other customers; in addition, given the high penetration rates of mobile phone and smartphone usage in Taiwan today, it was suggested that coffee shops could install more charging stations in specific areas of the coffee shop. 4. The majority of visitors to coffee shops are female, usually in the 21 – 30 age range. The biggest single need expressed by consumers in this category was for more individual seating (for one or two people only). Coffee shop operators may wish to consider improving their interior layout planning to meet the needs of this customer segment. 5. The aspects with which, on average, consumers expressed the highest level of satisfaction were, in order of the degree of satisfaction: The cleanliness of the coffee shop interior; the lighting; the ventilation; the degree of safety; convenient access (in terms of transportation). These are characteristics that appear to be shared by all Starbucks coffee shops in this region. 6. The aspects with which, on average, consumers expressed the lowest level of satisfaction were, in order: The location of magazine racks within the coffee shop; the location of eating utensil shelves and other shelves and stands within the coffee shop; the location of stands displaying items for sale within the coffee shop; the external views from inside the coffee shop; the location of outdoor chairs and tables outside the coffee shop; the number of parking spaces available. It is therefore suggested that, when planning the location of their racks, shelves and stands within the coffee shop, coffee shop operators may want to consider moving them to locations where they are more easily seen (in so far as this is possible without obstructing movement or spoiling the visual impact of the interior), which may involve adjusting the entirety of the internal spatial layout. Keywords: Starbucks; detached building; coffee shop chain; consumer behavior ; IPA analysis

This thesis explains basic, usually used constructional terms, describes the rules for drafting the projection drawings and it informs about legislative directives, which acompany every process of construction. It also mentions possibilities of building materials offered on the czech market. The work talks about wooden buildings, about constructions of bricks, enumerates advantages of insulation and presents the types of roofcoverings. It also describes the positives and negatives of classic heating and informs about new alternatives, which use bottomless natural sources. The most expanded windows in our country {--} thus the windows of wood and plastic are mentioned as well in the thesis. It presents some specialist´s opinions of most discussed themes in the building industry, it introduces new trends like thermal pump, solar collector and recuperation. Results of this work contain description of two solutionvariants, valuation of a detached house and determining of necessary construction costs. The thesis includes also a technical report and calculation of energy demands.

The aim of this thesis is to proces a digest about a status of real estate market in the region of Strakonicko. While proceeding the given topic I first made a literary background research, which is above all engaged in the explanation of basic terminology connected with the real estate market and also in the theoretical description of individual segments of the market. Furthermore, I prescribed a methodology, which I later acted upon during a creation of my own thesis. In the practical part of the thesis I first of all created a detailed characteristics of the researched area and identified characterisctics of a full area. I focused especially on unemployment, job opportunities, population, infrastructure and other elements which can influence the prices of real estates. I divided the researched area into three parts according to the biggest towns in the region. In each of these I observed the prices of real estates in the individual segments. Concretely what is discussed here is the market with flats, detached houses, building ground and commercial real estates. I stated qualitative, build-technical, urbanistic and economic characteristics of agents for individual segments. Afterwards I numerically represented a price range of individual groups of real estates and analysed a real estate market.