Relevant bibliographies by topics / Destratification

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Destratification'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Destratification"

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Shin, Sangmin, Seungjae Lee, Sangeun Lee, Kyungtaek Yum, and Heekyung Park. "Improving design factors of air diffuser systems based on field conditions of dam reservoirs: CFD simulation approach." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.122.

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This study aims to improve the design factors of air diffuser systems that have been analyzed in laboratory experiments, with consideration of the field conditions of dam reservoirs. In this study, the destratification number (DN), destratification radius, and efficiency are considered as design factors. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation experiment is performed in diverse field conditions in order to analyze these factors. The results illustrate the wider range of DN values in field conditions and the relationship of the destratification radius and efficiency to DN. The results can lead to better performance of air diffuser systems and water quality management in dam reservoir sites.
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Gnafakis, C., and V. P. Manno. "Transient Destratification in a Rectangular Enclosure." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250664.

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An experimental study of transient destratification in a rectangular air-filled enclosure is described. The test cell, which is 1 m high, 0.5 m wide, and 0.25 m deep, is made of plexiglass with a variety of side and bottom thermal boundary conditions. The initial vertical stratification is 30°C. A number of transient tests are reported in which a destabilizing heat source is introduced after the initial stratification. Temperature maps of the middepth plane are recorded and analyzed. Basic enclosure destratification dynamics are described in terms of developing thermal and flow fields. Separate effects of horizontal partitioning, stabilizing side heating, and asymmetric heating are studied. Certain large fractional horizontal blockages are shown to enhance destratification, while side heating is demonstrated to be a stablizing effect that produces a steady-state inversion.
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Simmons, Jeremy. "Algal control and destratification at Hanningfield Reservoir." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0154.

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In May 1994 an artificial destratification system was installed at the eutrophic 27,200ML Hanningfield raw water reservoir in Essex U.K. The main objective of this installation was to prevent poor raw water quality, which can result from hypolimnetic isolation in the Summer months when thermal stratification often occurs. By adopting an intermittent destratification strategy to constantly change reservoir conditions thus promoting competition amongst algae, it is hoped that an overall decrease in annual phytoplankton biomass at the reservoir will result. This in turn will reduce the pressure on the raw water treatment processes required to produce a potable water supply. This paper evaluates algal, meteorological, and other monitored variables to assess the effect of destratification on Hanningfield Reservoirs phytoplankton community from 1994 to 1996. Although noting the limited data period the results show little dominant phytoplankton type changes, but notes a fall of 66% in mean total biomass in 1996 compared to 1994 values.
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Bobeth, M., A. Ullrich, and W. Pompe. "Destratification Mechanisms in Coherent Multilayers." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 19 (January 2004): 153–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.19.153.

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Stephens, Rohan, and Jörg Imberger. "Reservoir Destratification via Mechanical Mixers." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 119, no. 4 (April 1993): 438–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(1993)119:4(438).

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Sahoo, Goloka Behari, and David Luketina. "Bubbler design for reservoir destratification." Marine and Freshwater Research 54, no. 3 (2003): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf02045.

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Two important bubbler-performance criteria, the mechanical efficiency, ηmech, and the destratification time, Γ, were analysed as functions of two dimensionless parameters, G, the strength of stratification, and M, the source strength. Equations to estimate the optimum airflow rate (via M) and corresponding ηmech and Γ for a known linear stratification G in a reservoir were derived. Owing to difficulties in accurately determining the actual G, it was demonstrated that it is appropriate practice to reduce the design G value by around 10%. It was shown that the equivalent linear stratification method might lead to sub-optimal design for stratification profiles that deviate substantially from a linear profile. Rather, a bubble-plume model should be applied. Finally, the effects of incorporating changes in bubble radius in a bubble-plume model were examined. ηmech and Γ were found to be relatively insensitive to bubble radius; however, the ideal bubble size for maintaining a suitable oxygen dissolution efficiency is 1 mm.
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Goodrich, David M., William C. Boicourt, Peter Hamilton, and Donald W. Pritchard. "Wind-Induced Destratification in Chesapeake Bay." Journal of Physical Oceanography 17, no. 12 (December 1987): 2232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1987)017<2232:widicb>2.0.co;2.

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Fernandez, R. L., M. Bonansea, A. Cosavella, F. Monarde, M. Ferreyra, and J. Bresciano. "Effects of bubbling operations on a thermally stratified reservoir: implications for water quality amelioration." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 12 (December 1, 2012): 2722–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.507.

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Artificial thermal mixing of the water column is a common method of addressing water quality problems with the most popular method of destratification being the bubble curtain. The air or oxygen distribution along submerged multiport diffusers is based on similar basic principles as those of outfall disposal systems. Moreover, the disposal of sequestered greenhouse gases into the ocean, as recently proposed by several researchers to mitigate the global warming problem, requires analogous design criteria. In this paper, the influence of a bubble-plume is evaluated using full-scale temperature and water quality data collected in San Roque Reservoir, Argentina. A composite system consisting of seven separated diffusers connected to four 500 kPa compressors was installed at this reservoir by the end of 2008. The original purpose of this air bubble system was to reduce the stratification, so that the water body may completely mix under natural phenomena and remain well oxygenated throughout the year. By using a combination of the field measurements and modelling, this work demonstrates that thermal mixing by means of compressed air may improve water quality; however, if improperly sized or operated, such mixing can also cause deterioration. Any disruption in aeration during the destratification process, for example, may result in a reduction of oxygen levels due to the higher hypolimnetic temperatures. Further, the use of artificial destratification appears to have insignificant influence on reducing evaporation rates in relatively shallow impoundments such as San Roque reservoir.
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Roberts, Jenny, Julia Gottschalk, Luke C. Skinner, Victoria L. Peck, Sev Kender, Henry Elderfield, Claire Waelbroeck, Natalia Vázquez Riveiros, and David A. Hodell. "Evolution of South Atlantic density and chemical stratification across the last deglaciation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 3 (January 4, 2016): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511252113.

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Explanations of the glacial–interglacial variations in atmospheric pCO2 invoke a significant role for the deep ocean in the storage of CO2. Deep-ocean density stratification has been proposed as a mechanism to promote the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean during glacial times. A wealth of proxy data supports the presence of a “chemical divide” between intermediate and deep water in the glacial Atlantic Ocean, which indirectly points to an increase in deep-ocean density stratification. However, direct observational evidence of changes in the primary controls of ocean density stratification, i.e., temperature and salinity, remain scarce. Here, we use Mg/Ca-derived seawater temperature and salinity estimates determined from temperature-corrected δ18O measurements on the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina spp. from deep and intermediate water-depth marine sediment cores to reconstruct the changes in density of sub-Antarctic South Atlantic water masses over the last deglaciation (i.e., 22–2 ka before present). We find that a major breakdown in the physical density stratification significantly lags the breakdown of the deep-intermediate chemical divide, as indicated by the chemical tracers of benthic foraminifer δ13C and foraminifer/coral 14C. Our results indicate that chemical destratification likely resulted in the first rise in atmospheric pCO2, whereas the density destratification of the deep South Atlantic lags the second rise in atmospheric pCO2 during the late deglacial period. Our findings emphasize that the physical and chemical destratification of the ocean are not as tightly coupled as generally assumed.
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Moshfeghi, Hengameh, Amir Etemad-Shahidi, and Jorg Imberger. "Modelling of bubble plume destratification using DYRESM." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 54, no. 1 (February 2005): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2005.0004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Destratification"

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Littlejohn, Carla Louise, and n/a. "Influence of Artificial Destratification on Limnological Processes in Lake Samsonvale (North Pine Dam), Queensland, Australia." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050211.133123.

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Artificial destratification equipment was installed in Lake Samsonvale in October 1995 to reduce the biomass of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in the reservoir. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the destratifier on the limnological processes occurring in the lake and to determine if operation of the destratifier has been effective at reducing the summer populations of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa. The study showed that artificial destratification of Lake Samsonvale has been successful at reducing the surface to bottom thermal gradient and increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations at depth. While the destratifier has not resulted in the lake becoming completely 'mixed' during summer, it has weakened resistance to mixing from meteorological events, which has led to a reduction in mean concentrations of total and dissolved phosphorus during summer. Although not conclusive, it is likely that the influence of the destratifier is restricted to a narrow radial distance around the bubbleplumes during periods of strong stability, so internal loading may continue to provide a substantial source of nutrients for cyanobacterial growth, particularly in regions of the lake less influenced by the destratifier. The results for cyanobacteria are less encouraging. Despite the reduction in concentrations of dissolved phosphorus, the destratifier has not been effective at reducing summer populations of C. raciborskii and M. aeruginosa. On the contrary, there is evidence to suggest that populations have actually increased which could have serious operational consequences for the lake by mixing the previously buoyant cyanobacteria to the level of the water off-take. The growth season for C. raciborskii has been extended by up to 3 months and population onset now occurs during spring. This increase in spring populations could be a result of significantly greater baseline populations during winter, or the earlier germination of akinetes as a result of increased sediment temperatures. The seasonal successional relationship between C. raciborskii and M. aeruginosa appears to have shifted from one of alternating dominance between the two species to one of co-existence under conditions of intermediate disturbance. It was concluded that although the continued operation of the destratifier may prove useful to minimise water treatment costs through reducing internal loading of dissolved constituents, it has not been successful in achieving its original objective of controlling cyanobacterial populations in the lake.
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Littlejohn, Carla Louise. "Influence of Artificial Destratification on Limnological Processes in Lake Samsonvale (North Pine Dam), Queensland, Australia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365764.

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Artificial destratification equipment was installed in Lake Samsonvale in October 1995 to reduce the biomass of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in the reservoir. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of the destratifier on the limnological processes occurring in the lake and to determine if operation of the destratifier has been effective at reducing the summer populations of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa. The study showed that artificial destratification of Lake Samsonvale has been successful at reducing the surface to bottom thermal gradient and increasing dissolved oxygen concentrations at depth. While the destratifier has not resulted in the lake becoming completely 'mixed' during summer, it has weakened resistance to mixing from meteorological events, which has led to a reduction in mean concentrations of total and dissolved phosphorus during summer. Although not conclusive, it is likely that the influence of the destratifier is restricted to a narrow radial distance around the bubbleplumes during periods of strong stability, so internal loading may continue to provide a substantial source of nutrients for cyanobacterial growth, particularly in regions of the lake less influenced by the destratifier. The results for cyanobacteria are less encouraging. Despite the reduction in concentrations of dissolved phosphorus, the destratifier has not been effective at reducing summer populations of C. raciborskii and M. aeruginosa. On the contrary, there is evidence to suggest that populations have actually increased which could have serious operational consequences for the lake by mixing the previously buoyant cyanobacteria to the level of the water off-take. The growth season for C. raciborskii has been extended by up to 3 months and population onset now occurs during spring. This increase in spring populations could be a result of significantly greater baseline populations during winter, or the earlier germination of akinetes as a result of increased sediment temperatures. The seasonal successional relationship between C. raciborskii and M. aeruginosa appears to have shifted from one of alternating dominance between the two species to one of co-existence under conditions of intermediate disturbance. It was concluded that although the continued operation of the destratifier may prove useful to minimise water treatment costs through reducing internal loading of dissolved constituents, it has not been successful in achieving its original objective of controlling cyanobacterial populations in the lake.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
Australian School of Environmental Studies
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Hayward, Donald Max. "Contribution to the hydrobiology of the York River: predicting surface mixed layer depth (destratification, tidal, semilunar, Virginia)." W&M ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616690.

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Destratification in the York River, USA, during high spring tides is the result of the interruption of normal two-layer estuarine flow by advection of relatively fresh water in to the River mouth from the Chesapeake Bay. This is due to the presence of a longitudinal salinity gradient in the Bay and a difference of tidal current phase between the River and the Bay. Similar behavior is seen in other subestuaries of the Chesapeake Bay and may be common in subestuary-estuary interactions. Correlation and regression analysis are used to examine relationships between stratification variation in the lower York River and a variety of tidal and environmental parameters. A gross measure of stratification was derived from near surface and deep salinity samples. One hundred fifty six observations were made over a 434 day period from February 1982 to April 1983. The environmental and tidal factors evaluated were assessed on a daily basis and incorporated a variety of transformations. The factors included wind speed and direction, fresh water river flow from both the York and Rappahanock Rivers, water temperature, mean sea level and the following tidal parameters: observed and predicted daily mean and maximum high and low tide height, flood, ebb, and combined flood and ebb tidal ranges for Gloucester Point and for Hampton Roads. The results indicate that: (1) almost all of the tidal range or high tide height factors tested are equally strongly correlated with salinity difference, being associated with as much as 48% of the variation in that value; (2) that a combination of functions of tidal range and mean sea level at Gloucester Point are associated with more than 70% of the variation; and (3) that with the addition of wind stress terms as much as 80% of the variation can be included in the model. Over a range of observed salinity differences from 0.01 to 11.06 per mille the 25 term model predicts a range of -1.01 to 11.09 per mile with a root mean squared error of 0.99 per mile. A model predicting variation in surface mixed layer depth from salinity difference is also presented.
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Hein, Birte [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Pohlmann. "Processes of stratification and destratification in the Mekong ROFI - seasonal and intraseasonal variability / Birte Hein. Betreuer: Thomas Pohlmann." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041716753/34.

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Gorieu, Olivier. "Étude de la destratification d'une interface épaisse en convection naturelle double-diffusive : application aux cuves de stockage de GNL." Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT2105.

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Lorsque le reservoir de stockage est complete par du gaz naturel liquefie provenant d'un methanier, la difference de masse volumique avec le gnl initialement stocke peut creer une stratification verticale stable. Plusieurs auteurs ont montre que son evolution est lie aux transferts de masse et de chaleur a travers la zone interfaciale situee entre les deux couches. Dans la premiere partie, la convection double-diffusive explique le comportement d'un milieu stratifie chauffe lateralement et le comportement d'une interface diffusive. Les phenomenes de penetration a la paroi et d'entrainement sont introduits afin d'estimer l'influence de la convection naturelle sur le comportement du milieu stratifie. Dans la deuxieme partie, l'etude des stockages de gnl a mis en evidence un manque de comprehension sur le comportement des interfaces epaisses pendant la destratification. Dans la troisieme partie, le dispositif experimental, utilisant du freon et comprenant une cuve cylindrique transparente, a ete developpe pour etudier des interfaces epaisses. Dans la quatrieme partie, la synthese des 22 stratifications permet de caracteriser les mecanismes qui font evoluer l'interface epaisse vers une interface fine avant le melange. Dans la cinquieme partie, des simulations numeriques avec le code estet, en 2d-3 plans laminaire, ont mis en evidence la difficulte de reproduire quantitativement les resultats experimentaux. Dans la sixieme partie, des modeles de comportement sont proposes pour modeliser les phenomenes physiques tels que le developpement d'intrusions convectives, le phenomene de penetration a la paroi ou encore l'entrainement de part et d'autre de l'interface epaisse. Enfin, dans la septieme partie, la synthese compare les resultats experimentaux a des etudes anterieures et les perspectives de ce travail sont presentees.
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Marek, Tomáš. "Průběh destratifikace na vodní nádrži Brno." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216964.

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This thesis deals with the process of destratification at the Brno dam reservoir within the activities of a larger project "Clean Svratka", aimed to improvement of water quality in the catchment area upstream the Brno dam. At the Brno dam the project "Implementation of measures at the Brno Reservoir" has been in progress for the third year. Its aim is the proposal and implementation of measures to suppress the cyanobacteria mass development in the dam lake. One of the key measures is aeration and mixing of dam water through a 20 aeration tower. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on seasonal conditions in the dam lake, the technology suitable for destratification and aeration and possibilities of their use. In the practical part of the thesis the seasonal destratification and the impact of meteorological conditions are monitored.
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Sluše, Jan. "Destratifikace vodních nádrží." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-446791.

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This doctoral thesis is focused on design of new equipment for aeration of water surface with low depth of water column. Aeration is one of ecological preventive methods to prevent growth of cyanobacteria. Increase of dissolved oxygen content in water mass leads to support of the growth of organisms which are disadvantaged by impossibility of movement in water mass and thus also to support biodiversity. Given biodiversity has a positive effect on water quality because it avoids the outbreak of one species of aquatic organism, in particular of cyanobacteria. Designed aeration equipment uses membrane formed by hollow fibre to transport oxygen into the water. When aeration dissolution of oxygen occurs directly on the membrane surface which prevents air leak in the form of bubbles. This type of aeration has low operating costs and high efficiency of input of the oxygen into the water. Distribution in the aquatic environment is ensured by special boat. This boat is moving on the water surface and the technology is installed on the upper deck. The aeration is carried out by an aeration module situated in the water. The movement of the boat is partially ensured by autonomous control.
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Oucherfi, Myriam. "Contribution à l'étude de la ventilation transversale lors d'un incendie en tunnel routier." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652385.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de présenter des critères simples pour l'évaluation des performances d'une ventilation transversale. On définit l'efficacité et le rendement, calculés à partir du flux de déficit de densité créé par l'incendie. Après une étude préliminaire permettant de caler les modèles numériques, l'influence de différents paramètres sur ces valeurs a été évaluée. Dans un premier temps, l'étude a porté sur une seule trappe et a montré que le courant d'air dans le tunnel est le paramètre le plus important. A l'inverse, la forme de la trappe pour une surface donnée n'a que très peu d'importance, sauf dans des cas limites (fente sur toute la largeur du tunnel). L'étude d'un canton à huit trappes confirme l'importance du contrôle du courant d'air. Lorsqu'on diminue le nombre de trappes en conservant la même surface totale d'aspiration, cette sensibilité tend à disparaître, mais l'efficacité diminue. Enfin, l'étude de l'influence de l'encombrement montre une légère amélioration de l'efficacité, due à l'obstruction d'une partie de la section par des camions, qui bloquent les fumées au droit des trappes.
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Oucherfi, Myriam. "Contribution à l'étude de la ventilation transversale lors d'un incendie en tunnel routier." Phd thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6cc0z3v.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de présenter des critères simples pour l’évaluation des performances d’une ventilation transversale. On définit l’efficacité et le rendement, calculés à partir du flux de déficit de densité créé par l’incendie. Après une étude préliminaire permettant de caler les modèles numériques, l’influence de différents paramètres sur ces valeurs a été évaluée. Dans un premier temps, l’étude a porté sur une seule trappe et a montré que le courant d’air dans le tunnel est le paramètre le plus important. A l’inverse, la forme de la trappe pour une surface donnée n’a que très peu d’importance, sauf dans des cas limites (fente sur toute la largeur du tunnel). L’étude d’un canton à huit trappes confirme l’importance du contrôle du courant d’air. Lorsqu’on diminue le nombre de trappes en conservant la même surface totale d’aspiration, cette sensibilité tend à disparaître, mais l’efficacité diminue. Enfin, l’étude de l’influence de l’encombrement montre une légère amélioration de l’efficacité, due à l’obstruction d’une partie de la section par des camions, qui bloquent les fumées au droit des trappes
The aim of this study is to present simple criteria to evaluate the performances of a transverse ventilation system. Efficiency and yield have been defined, based on the flux of density deficit createdby the fire. After a preliminary study of numerical models, the influence of different parameters on those criteria has been investigated. First, the study focused on the simplified case of a single damper. We showed that the air flow speed in the tunnel is the more important parameter. On the contrary, the shape of the damper has little influence on the efficency, except in unusual cases (slit on the whole width of the tunnel). Then, the study of a longer portion of the tunnel confirmed the prominence of the limitation of air flow speed. Comparison with a case with fewer dampers but the same total extraction section showed that this sensibility to air flow speed tends to disappear for larger dampers, but that the efficiency is lowered. Finally the study of the influence of heavy-goods-vehicules obstructing the tunnel reports better results, due to the fact that big objects tend to confine smokes
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Merrick, Chester John. "Phytoplankton-zooplankton interactions in Mt. Bold Reservoir, South Australia /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm568.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Destratification"

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Haynes, Robert C. Section 314 phase II restoration project of Lake Lashaway. Westborough, Mass: Massachusetts Dept. of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Pollution Control, Technical Services Branch, 1990.

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Landner, Lars. Eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs in warm climates. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 1988.

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Karen, Aschaffenburg, Chang Mariko Lin, and Poster Winifred, eds. Equality by design: The grand experiment in destratification in Socialist Hungary. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 1998.

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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Upwards migration of iron and phosphorous compounds in anoxic sediments. Toronto: Ministry of the Environment, 1991.

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Davydova, N. N., kandidat biologicheskikh nauk., ed. Istorii͡a︡ ozer Vostochno-Evropeĭskoĭ ravniny. Sankt-Peterburg: "Nauka," S.-Peterburgskoe otd-nie, 1992.

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Branch, Ontario Water Resources. Measuring the trophic status of lakes sampling protocols. Toronto: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1992.

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Cleveland, Karen D. Methods for applying WASP to Texas reservoirs for waste load allocation and eutrophication potential analysis. Austin, Tex: Texas Water Commission, 1988.

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1969-, Johnson Gary P., United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Chicago District, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Methodology, data collection, and data analysis for determination of water-mixing patterns induced by aerators and mixers. Urbana, Ill. (221 North Broadway Ave., Urbana 61801): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Szelenyi, Szonja. Equality by Design: The Grand Experiment in Destratification in Socialist Hungary. Stanford University Press, 1999.

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N, Shimaraev M., and Limnologicheskiĭ institut (Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR), eds. Gidrofizika i gidrologii͡a︡ vodoemov: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Novosibirsk: "Nauka", Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Destratification"

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Rogers, Herbert H., Julian J. Raynes, Frank H. Posey, and Willis E. Ruland. "Lake Destratification by Underwater Air Diffusion." In Man-Made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects, 572–77. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm017p0572.

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Chiswell, Barry, and Mazlin Bin Mokhtar. "Some Effects of Dam Destratification upon Manganese Speciation." In Surface and Colloid Chemistry in Natural Waters and Water Treatment, 143–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2510-7_11.

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Chiswell, Barry, and Myint Zaw. "Lake Destratification and Speciation of Iron and Manganese." In Fourth Symposium on our Environment, 433–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2664-9_40.

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Gibbs, Max M., and Clive Howard-Williams. "Physical Processes for In-Lake Restoration: Destratification and Mixing." In Lake Restoration Handbook, 165–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93043-5_6.

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Caine, G. H., and A. V. Pradhan. "Pumps or Fans for Destratification of Hydrogen Liquid and Gas." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 728–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0516-4_77.

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Umeda, M., S. Furuya, and H. Tanaka. "Planning Methodology of Destratification System in a Reservoir Against Algal Bloom." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 441–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_77.

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Ruzecki, E. P., and D. A. Evans. "Temporal and Spatial Sequencing of Destratification in a Coastal Plain Estuary." In Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 368–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4966-5_15.

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Ruzecki, E. P., and D. A. Evans. "Temporal And Spatial Sequencing Of Destratification In A Coastal Plain Estuary." In Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies, 368–89. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ln017p0368.

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Knight, Michael Muhammad. "Conclusion: The Seal of Muslim Pseudo." In Sufi Deleuze, 144–54. Fordham University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9781531501808.003.0007.

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In Islamic interpretive traditions, “seal” (khatm) can signify a conclusion but also a confirmation. This concluding chapter reassembles the themes and arguments of the book and imagines Deleuzo-Islam as a tradition characterized by theological immanence and ongoing destratification through a positive relationship to change and mixture, an Islam that remains unfinished and continually informed by its encounters.
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Odd, N., J. Rodger, and C. Waters. "Production of efficient bubble plumes for destratification." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set, 439–44. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-71.

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Conference papers on the topic "Destratification"

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MESEROLE, JERE, OGDEN JONES, SCOTT BRENNAN, and ANTHONY FORTINI. "Mixing-induced ullage condensation and fluid destratification." In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2018.

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Elçi, Sebnem, Oguz Hazar, Nisa Bahadiroglu, and Derya Karakaya. "Design of an Autonomous System for Artificial Destratification to Control Cyanobacteria Growth in Reservoirs." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022867.

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Kennett, Ryan, Yunho Hwang, and Reinhard Radermacher. "Evaluation of an Extended-Duct Air Delivery System in Tall Spaces Conditioned by Rooftop Units." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65523.

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Mixing ventilation in high bay buildings conditioned by rooftop units involves supplying and returning air near the ceiling. Several problems occur in tall spaces, such as higher return air temperatures in the summer and excessive stratification in the winter. A novel air delivery strategy is investigated that involves supplying and returning air at different heights depending on the season. In the summer, air is supplied low and returned just above the occupied zone in order to cool the occupied zone directly, letting the upper zone stratify. In the winter, air is supplied high and returned low in order to draw warm air down from the ceiling, thus promoting destratification. This system’s performance was investigated in a full-scale experiment using measured temperature profiles and utility bills. A calibrated EnergyPlus model used measured temperature profiles as an input to a room-air model to study the effects of stratification on building energy consumption. The EnergyPlus model predicts 19% yearly HVAC electricity savings when considering the additional pressure drop of extended ducting and 37% yearly HVAC electricity savings without considering extra pressure drop. A utility bill analysis of the test facility shows a yearly 28.8% reduction in HVAC electricity consumption.
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Junqua, Alexandra, and Christophe Morel. "Some Issues Related to the Modeling of the Volumetric Interfacial Area in Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flows." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31387.

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During the last decades, the so-called two-fluid model has been the most widely used in two-phase flow studies for environmental and industrial applications. In this model, one set of mass, momentum and energy balance equations is written for each phase, therefore the model is able to deal with mechanical and thermal imbalances. The two phases cannot evolve independently, since they are coupled together through interfacial interaction terms representing the average exchanges between the two phases. The success of the two-fluid model in particular situations strongly depends on the modeling of these interfacial interaction terms. The interfacial interaction terms generally involve the volumetric interfacial area, that is the contact area between phases per unit volume of the two-phase mixture. This interfacial area is very important to express correctly the interfacial exchanges of mass, momentum and energy, and also gives an additional information about the interfaces structure, hence on the flow regime (bubbly, droplet, flow with separated phases…). Therefore, considerable attention has been focused on this subject in the last ten years. Theoretical and experimental researches have been done, especially on the bubbly flow configuration. Despite all these efforts, some issues remain and a general model giving the volumetric interfacial area in all two-phase flow regimes is not yet available. In the subject of the interfacial area modeling, three types of issues remain : theoretical, experimental and numerical ones. In what follows, we examine these three points independently in the general context of all two-phase flow regimes. From the theoretical point of view, most of the authors working on the subject try to write a seventh balance equation for the volumetric interfacial area, in addition to the six balance equations of the two-fluid model. This method seems promising, since it is able to deal with complex situations where different phenomena responsible for the flow regimes transitions, like coalescence, break-up, phase change and so on, act together. The transport of the VIA by the flow is also taken into account in this equation. However, such an equation is very difficult to establish in the general case where the flow regime is not known a priori. One should distinguish the relatively simple case of dispersed two-phase flows (bubbly and droplet flows) from the other, more complex, cases like the stratified flow, the annular flow or the churn-turbulent flow. For the dispersed flow case, an analogy with the kinetic theory of gases is generally adopted. The bubbles or droplets are described by a probability density function, as for the molecules in the kinetic theory of gases. A Liouville type equation is written for the pdf and the VIA balance equation is deduced from this equation. This method is very advantageous for the dispersed flow case since the coalescence and break-up terms can be introduced in a natural way. These terms correspond to the collisions terms in the kinetic theory of gases. The transport velocity appearing in the VIA balance equation is also clearly defined in this approach : it corresponds to the centre of area velocity of the particles swarm. Unfortunately, this method cannot be easily extended to the other flow regimes, especially the flows with separated phases like the annular or the stratified flows. To make the analogy with the kinetic theory of gases, one needs to introduce a population balance, and there is no population in the stratified or the annular flows, since only one continuous interface exists. Several attempts to establish a general balance equation not restricted to a particular flow regime have been done. But it appeared to the authors that these balance equations are nothing else than a particular form of the Leibniz rule for the surfaces. Therefore the application of these equations to the modeling of the VIA in two-phase flows is highly questionable. The issue of the establishment of a general balance equation for the VIA, able to deal with all two-phase flow regimes, remains open. From the experimental point of view, new instrumentation is available today to measure the volumetric interfacial area. The most promising method seems to be the use of local resistive or optical probes. Four-sensor probes are theoretically able to measure the local volumetric interfacial area whatever the flow regime if the following requirements are satisfied. The interfaces must always move in the flow and the smallest radius of curvature of the interfaces passing through the probe must be significantly larger than the probe size. The method has the inconvenient to be intrusive, but non intrusive methods, like the photographic method, are generally restricted to particular flow regimes like a bubbly flow regime characterised by low values of the void fraction. The two-sensor and four-sensor probes have been tested with success in the bubbly flow regime by several authors, up to the cap bubbly flow. We will try to use a four-sensor probe in the case of a stratified wavy flow in the CEA Grenoble. The application of these measuring techniques to the droplet flow case seems more difficult because of the small size of the droplets generally encountered, the high velocity of the droplets in a gas stream and the possibility that the droplets form liquid films on the probe. Therefore, for droplet flows, the use of a photographic method is perhaps preferable. From the numerical point of view, the use of a volumetric interfacial area balance equation in a code and the determination of the local flow regime from the calculated VIA necessitates a lot of modeling efforts, and numerous iterative comparisons to the experiments. In our opinion, the major difficulties are the prediction of a stratification or a destratification (transition from a dispersed flow regime to a flow regime with separated phases and vice-versa), and the phase inversion (when a bubbly flow becomes a droplet flow and vice versa). The VIA in a bubbly flow is typically much greater than the one in a stratified flow, and the source and sink terms governing the transition between these two regimes (for example the deposition rate of the bubbles on the free surface) are not easy to model. During a phase inversion (governed for example by a criterion based on the local value of the void fraction), the source terms of VIA for bubbles and droplets are not the same, and this can bring some discontinuities on the VIA during the calculation. This problem is due to the fact that the same balance equation is used for all the flow regimes. A solution to this problem could be to introduce several interfacial area balance equations : one for the bubbles surfaces, a second one for the droplets surfaces and possibly a third one for the free surface. This method has been used with success in the SIMMER code, where separated VIA balance equations are used for bubbles and droplets, but we believe that it is more difficult to use these VIA to determine the flow regime. At the moment, numerous authors use a VIA balance equation in their computer code for the case of bubbly-to-slug flow regimes. The issue of the possible extension of these balance equation to the other flow regimes should be addressed in the future.
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Reports on the topic "Destratification"

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Irwin, Christopher S. Dynamics of Destratification in the Severn River Estuary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418475.

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Meyer, Edward B., Richard E. Price, and Steven C. Wilhelms. Destratification System Design for East Sidney Lake, New York. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada258683.

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