Academic literature on the topic 'Destination planning'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Destination planning.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Destination planning"
1
Zehrer, Anita, Frieda Raich, Hubert Siller, and Franz Tschiderer. "Leadership networks in destinations." Tourism Review 69, no. 1 (April 14, 2014): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-06-2013-0037.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – Co-operation activities play a central role for the development of a tourism destination, and require a co-operative approach among numerous different actors to manage and market a tourism destination. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of leadership networks in tourism destinations and their impact on destination development. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses network relationships of destination leaders, as in their collectivity, leaders shape and influence the destination's core services, strategic orientation and innovation capability. The research is based on the examination of relevant literature and a quantitative survey conducted in five selected tourism destinations in the Tirol, Austria. Findings – The article discusses leadership networks in community-structured destinations, providing insights into its organizational structure and dynamic behaviour. Moreover, the paper illustrates the network characteristics and its influence on the development of the tourism destination. Thus, implications for destination management can be derived. Originality/value – Discussions on leadership have usually been limited to firms and have not yet fully embraced the network and destination level. The originality of the paper is to provide insights in destination leadership and networking activities of leaders within destinations by means of a quantitative approach and thus adds to the growing body of literature on the functionalities of destination leadership networks, their structures and mechanisms.
2
Zhuang, Hongchao, Kailun Dong, Yuming Qi, Ning Wang, and Lei Dong. "Multi-Destination Path Planning Method Research of Mobile Robots Based on Goal of Passing through the Fewest Obstacles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 7378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167378.
Full textAbstract:
In order to effectively solve the inefficient path planning problem of mobile robots traveling in multiple destinations, a multi-destination global path planning algorithm is proposed based on the optimal obstacle value. A grid map is built to simulate the real working environment of mobile robots. Based on the rules of the live chess game in Go, the grid map is optimized and reconstructed. This grid of environment and the obstacle values of grid environment between each two destination points are obtained. Using the simulated annealing strategy, the optimization of multi-destination arrival sequence for the mobile robot is implemented by combining with the obstacle value between two destination points. The optimal mobile node of path planning is gained. According to the Q-learning algorithm, the parameters of the reward function are optimized to obtain the q value of the path. The optimal path of multiple destinations is acquired when mobile robots can pass through the fewest obstacles. The multi-destination path planning simulation of the mobile robot is implemented by MATLAB software (Natick, MA, USA, R2016b) under multiple working conditions. The Pareto numerical graph is obtained. According to comparing multi-destination global planning with single-destination path planning under the multiple working conditions, the length of path in multi-destination global planning is reduced by 22% compared with the average length of the single-destination path planning algorithm. The results show that the multi-destination global path planning method of the mobile robot based on the optimal obstacle value is reasonable and effective. Multi-destination path planning method proposed in this article is conducive to improve the terrain adaptability of mobile robots.
3
Ye, Sheng, Julie A. Lee, Joanne N. Sneddon, and Geoffrey N. Soutar. "Personifying Destinations: A Personal Values Approach." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 7 (October 23, 2019): 1168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287519878508.
Full textAbstract:
In this article, we examine whether tourists ascribe value priorities to destinations in a way that is consistent with the structure of the Schwartz theory of human values. In study 1, we test a new measure of destination values to elicit tourists’ perceptions of the values of a recent memorable holiday destination and whether these values reflect their holiday experiences. In study 2, we use the same measure to elicit tourists’ perceptions of four popular international destinations (London, New York, Paris, and Bangkok) and examine whether person–destination values congruence influences visit intentions. Across both studies we show that tourists’ perceptions of a destination’s values share a common structure consistent with values theory, but they differ widely in the value priorities they ascribe to destinations. We also found that destination values reflect tourist’s value-expressive holiday experiences and that self-congruity was associated with intentions to visit a destination.
4
Ceylan, Demet, Beykan Cizel, and Hatice Hatice. "The symmetric and asymmetric impacts of cognitive attitude components on overall mass tourism destination image: gender comparison." European Journal of Tourism Research 28 (March 15, 2021): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.54055/ejtr.v28i.2250.
Full textAbstract:
Mass tourism has become the preferred travel type for millions of people. All-inclusive (AI) initially emerged as an accommodation type for mass tourism destinations but has evolved to become its own form of tourism. Factors motivating tourists towards a mass-tourism destination offering all-inclusive products may vary according to market segments and demographic attributes. Research shows that cognitive factors that affect a destination’s image, which is one factor that attracts tourists, are not symmetrical in all cases. This study examines the effect of cognitive attitude components on the general destination image perception of tourists by using Asymmetric Impact-Performance Analysis (AIPA) to assess Antalya, a prominent AI mass-tourism destination. Regression analysis results provide important insights for destination management organisations (DMO) by classifying the asymmetric effects of each destination’s cognitive attitude component on overall destination image perception, according to gender.
5
Pavlakovič, Barbara, Mladen Knežević, Marko Koščak, Tony O’Rourke, Boris Prevolšek, and Boštjan Brumen. "The effects of media displays regarding terrorist attacks on attitudes concerning tourist destination planning." Informatologia 51, no. 3-4 (December 30, 2018): 128–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/i.51.3-4.1.
Full textAbstract:
Designing and presenting a destination as a tourist product is a process, which is influenced by different issues. Among them are perceptions of destination and attitudes towards a destination. In this study we have examined how media representation of destination safety and security affects attitudes about tourism destinations. Safety and security are important questions in the field of tourism and therefore we initially present differing aspects of this topic. This research question was addressed as an experiment among students of tourism, who are future tourism product designers. The independent variable was the projection of terrorist attack films on observed destinations. The experiment used different questionnaires – among them was a nonverbal semantic differential. The results of these questionnaires showed that the perception of different destinations is lower than before the experiment and therefore that the safety and security issues are important factors when designing a tourist product
6
Malik, Younis Mohammad. "Cultural Tourism Destination Elements and Attributes: An Interpretive Planning." Journal of International Cooperation and Development 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jicd-2020-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism destinations involve a diverse of key components, elements and attributes that allure tourists to visit the destinations which fulfill their needs on arrival. The facilities and service quality of these key components and elements influences the traveler’s decision-making process in choosing a destination to travel. The purpose of this research paper is to study the key elements and attributes of cultural tourism destinations and to understand the interpretive planning process of cultural tourism destinations.
7
Pjerotić, Ljiljana, Miško Rađenović, and Ana Tripković-Marković. "Stakeholder Colaboration in Tourism Destination Planning – The Case of Montenegro." ECONOMICS 4, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2015-0026.
Full textAbstract:
Summary The importance of involving diverse stakeholders in tourism planning is receiving growing recognition. Effective tourism destination planning is a complex process, due to the existence of a wide variety of stakeholders with a wide range of opinions, multiple problem visions and different interests. Despite the complexity of the planning process one feature acknowledged for successful destination management planning is a high level of stakeholder engagement and cooperation. The implementation and success of a tourism plan often relies on the support of destination stakeholders. The paper deals with the issue of effective tourism destination planning from the perspective of harmonizing stakeholders’ interests. It explores tourism destination planning in the Montenegrin tourist destinations, the level of stakeholder cooperation and correlation between destination plans implementation and stakeholder cooperation. An empirical research was carried on the population of 19 local tourist organizations in Montenegro. Findings and implications of the research are given in the paper. The results revealed the problem of insufficient implementation of tourism development plans and low level of stakeholder cooperation. Also, there are implications based on recently conducted research reported in this paper, that there is a strong positive correlation between the level of stakeholder cooperation and implementation of a tourism destination plans.
8
Sports Tourism International Counci, Research unit,. "Sports tourism destination planning." Journal of Sport & Tourism 2, no. 3 (June 15, 1995): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10295399508718571.
Full text
9
Choi, Miju, Rob Law, and Cindy Yoonjoung Heo. "An Investigation of the Perceived Value of Shopping Tourism." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 7 (September 20, 2017): 962–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517726170.
Full textAbstract:
Managing shopping risk is a prerequisite to ensuring business prosperity in shopping destinations, as risk is likely to influence perceived value and the choice of future shopping destinations. Previous studies have shown that enhancing trust is a means of avoiding or minimizing perceived (shopping) risk. Increased trust is expected to reduce shopping risk and ultimately foster the impression of a shopping destination as reliable. Despite its important role, trust has received limited, if any, attention in shopping- and tourism-related research. As shopping behavior while traveling abroad differs from ordinary shopping in one’s home country, tourists’ shopping activities require in-depth research grounded in psychological theory. This study aimed to examine the influence of trust in a shopping destination on the value of that destination as perceived by tourist shoppers. The findings suggest that trust in a shopping destination positively influences perceptions of the destination’s value in every value category.
10
Ismail, Reem J., Mohammed H. Shukur, and Samar J. Ismael. "Route Discovery Development for Multiple Destination Using Artificial Ant Colony." Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal 6, no. 2 (August 20, 2022): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuesj.v6n2y2022.pp41-48.
Full textAbstract:
Smart cities need a smart applications for the citizen, not just digital devices. Smart applications will provide a decision-making to users by using artificial intelligence. Many real-world services for online shopping and delivery systems were used and attracted customers, especially after the Covid-19 pandemics when people prefer to keep social distance and minimize social places visiting. These services need to discover the shortest path for the delivery driver to visit multiple destinations and serve the customers. The aim of this research is to develop the route discovery for multiple-destination by using ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning. ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning develops the Google MAP application to optimize the route when it is used for multiple destinations and when the route is updated with a new destination. The results show improvement in the multiple destination route discovery when the shortest path and the sequence order of cities are found. In conclusion, the ACO Algorithm for Multiple destination route planning simulation results could be used with the Google Map application and provide an artificial decision for the citizen of Erbil city. Finally, we discuss our vision for future development.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Destination planning"
1
Viggiano, Cecilia A. (Cecilia Ann). "Bus network sketch planning with origin-destination travel data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111441.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: Ph. D. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-147).
Public transport plays an important role in urban mobility. Public transport planners seek to improve existing public transport networks to better serve existing passengers and recruit new passengers, particularly as demand patterns change with evolving demographics and land use. One strategy for network improvement is to add new routes, which can improve service by reducing circuity in the network. In large, complex, and multi-modal public transport networks, it is challenging to determine where new routes should be added. A systematic approach for incremental network improvements, such as adding new bus services, is needed. This research proposes a new approach to network-level public transport planning by combining origin-destination (OD) level analysis with new spatial aggregation methodologies, and develops a comprehensive framework for the identification of corridors for new bus services. In the context of this framework, this dissertation contributes several new methodologies. First, it proposes a methodology for defining zones that reflect the spatial characteristics of a public transport network. This produces zonal pairs that are appropriate for OD level analysis of travel in the network. Second, the dissertation develops metrics and rules for the identification of OD pairs that can benefit from new bus services, and proposes methods for estimating the expected benefits of such services at the OD level. Finally, a new methodology for spatially clustering OD pairs into corridors is developed, based on trajectory clustering methods. This final methodology represents a new way of aggregating OD level information to accomplish the first step in bus network design: the definition of corridors for new services. The framework is demonstrated for the identification of corridors for new bus services in the London public transport network. Bus stops and rail stations are clustered into 1,000 zones. A subset of zonal OD pairs with circuitous service are identified as candidates for improvement through new bus routes. An algorithm that clusters OD pairs into corridors for bus service is developed and applied. Several promising corridors are identified, and their potential is confirmed in post-analysis.
by Cecilia A. Viggiano.
Ph. D. in Transportation
2
Vanderwaart, Catherine (Catherine Elizabeth). "Planning transit networks with origin, destination, and interchange inference." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103820.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2016.Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 169-175).
The institutional and financial circumstances at many transit agencies significantly constrain the bus planning process. Long-term planning focuses on major infrastructure projects, while short-term planning focuses on scheduling and minor service adjustments. Medium-range bus planning is given limited attention in many agencies, especially those with significant capacity constraints. Recent research has developed a new method of assembling data that has the potential to be very useful to service planners: origin, destination, and interchange inference (ODX), which uses farecard and vehicle location data to provide a previously unavailable level of geographically precise disaggregate data on passengers' linked trips. This research develops a framework for using ODX for medium- to long-range bus planning. It proposes a service planning process that targets limited resources at the areas that need them most. It develops tools and methods for using ODX data to design and evaluate realistic, practical, and incremental service changes to improve accessibility to key parts of the agency's service area. The process has five phases: identification of target locations, analysis of those locations, development of proposed service changes, evaluation of those proposals, and post-implementation review. Several case studies are presented using data from the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), the transit agency for the Boston region. First, three target locations in the MBTA service area are analyzed. Service changes that would improve access to each of these locations are proposed and evaluated, including additional frequency on an existing route, the creation of a new route, and extensions of two existing routes. ODX and related data are used to analyze each proposal in detail in a process that can be replicated by other agencies with similar data.
by Catherine Vanderwaart.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Transportation
3
Al-Masroori, Rashid Salim, and n/a. "Destination Competitiveness: Interrelationships Between Destination Planning and Development Strategies and Stakeholders' Support in Enhancing Oman's Tourism Industry." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070712.142534.
Full textAbstract:
A critical understanding of stakeholders' involvement in destination tourism planning and development, and the factors that influence their perceptions, opinions and involvement in the decision-making process and evaluation of the destination competitive strategies, is not only important for tourism destination planners and managers, but also for the host community's support for tourism development and the destination's competitiveness. It has been widely recognised that tourism destinations need to plan their development strategies to succeed internationally and gain a sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is scant empirical evidence that addresses approaches in which stakeholder participation in the planning process contributes to destination competitiveness. This study examines the interrelationships between various destination-specific situational factors, including economic, social, political, environmental, and cultural factors, community participation, community attachment, and impact on the development of the Sultanate of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies. Furthermore, it investigates potential effects of those interrelationships on the government's initiatives in formulating and implementing tourism development, management and marketing policies/strategies. The key objective is to develop and empirically test a conceptual framework of tourism destination competitiveness that focuses on a stakeholder's perspective of Oman, and investigates the interrelationships between its constructs. Such an approach echoes the stakeholder perspective of 'Third Way' tourism planning suggested by Burns (2004). This study utilises social exchange and stakeholder theory. Accordingly, the research problem is: How does the interrelationship between destination-specific situational factors, stakeholders' perceived power (community participation), and community attachment, impact on the development of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies? Furthermore, what effects may those interrelationships have on the government's approaches in formulating and implementing tourism development and marketing policies? A four-step methodological approach including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Following research refinement and pilot studies, a total of 987 usable questionnaires were collected from Omani stakeholders using a convenience and quota sampling method. The final empirical results were submitted to three focus groups in Oman for elucidation and confirmation of results, with a particular focus on the practical implications. The hypotheses testing indicated that tourism stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions development are a function of socio-cultural impacts, economic impacts, and community participation. Furthermore, the results highlighted a strong link between stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions and support for competitive destination strategies such as destination marketing efforts and activities, and sustainable destination management and practices. Additionally, empirical results supported the existence of a relationship between community participation and community attachment constructs; however this relationship was somewhat negative. The study also did not prove the existence of any relationship between community attachment and preferences about tourism resources and attractions development constructs. Furthermore, new findings that were not hypothesised indicated that tourism stakeholders who perceived socio-cultural and economic impacts were most likely to support further tourism development and competitive destination strategies. Additionally, stakeholders' attachment to their communities had a weak but positive effect on their perception about tourism's environmental impacts and sustainable destination management and practices. The focus group participants mostly confirmed the study's empirical findings with a few diverging opinions regarding some issues such as environmental impacts and mass tourism versus alternative tourism policies. Thus, the study's findings provided various theoretical and methodological contributions, closing the gap in the notions of destination competitiveness and stakeholders' active participation in tourism planning and development. As well, the practical implications of the study's findings could be adopted by Oman's tourism planning authorities to enhance the destination's competitiveness in the international tourism marketplace. This study is considered a personal effort. Thus, I used the first person 'I' throughout the study to express and reflect my personal work. The use of 'I' in research is not an unacceptable notion, however, it is recommended that the researcher not take cover behind using 'we' or the 'researcher' in his/her work (Gummesson, 2000, p.xi).
4
Al-Masroori, Rashid Salim. "Destination Competitiveness: Interrelationships Between Destination Planning and Development Strategies and Stakeholders' Support in Enhancing Oman's Tourism Industry." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365179.
Full textAbstract:
A critical understanding of stakeholders' involvement in destination tourism planning and development, and the factors that influence their perceptions, opinions and involvement in the decision-making process and evaluation of the destination competitive strategies, is not only important for tourism destination planners and managers, but also for the host community's support for tourism development and the destination's competitiveness. It has been widely recognised that tourism destinations need to plan their development strategies to succeed internationally and gain a sustainable competitive advantage. However, there is scant empirical evidence that addresses approaches in which stakeholder participation in the planning process contributes to destination competitiveness. This study examines the interrelationships between various destination-specific situational factors, including economic, social, political, environmental, and cultural factors, community participation, community attachment, and impact on the development of the Sultanate of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies. Furthermore, it investigates potential effects of those interrelationships on the government's initiatives in formulating and implementing tourism development, management and marketing policies/strategies. The key objective is to develop and empirically test a conceptual framework of tourism destination competitiveness that focuses on a stakeholder's perspective of Oman, and investigates the interrelationships between its constructs. Such an approach echoes the stakeholder perspective of 'Third Way' tourism planning suggested by Burns (2004). This study utilises social exchange and stakeholder theory. Accordingly, the research problem is: How does the interrelationship between destination-specific situational factors, stakeholders' perceived power (community participation), and community attachment, impact on the development of Oman's tourism resources and attractions, and in turn the support of its competitive strategies? Furthermore, what effects may those interrelationships have on the government's approaches in formulating and implementing tourism development and marketing policies? A four-step methodological approach including qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Following research refinement and pilot studies, a total of 987 usable questionnaires were collected from Omani stakeholders using a convenience and quota sampling method. The final empirical results were submitted to three focus groups in Oman for elucidation and confirmation of results, with a particular focus on the practical implications. The hypotheses testing indicated that tourism stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions development are a function of socio-cultural impacts, economic impacts, and community participation. Furthermore, the results highlighted a strong link between stakeholders' preferences about tourism resources and attractions and support for competitive destination strategies such as destination marketing efforts and activities, and sustainable destination management and practices. Additionally, empirical results supported the existence of a relationship between community participation and community attachment constructs; however this relationship was somewhat negative. The study also did not prove the existence of any relationship between community attachment and preferences about tourism resources and attractions development constructs. Furthermore, new findings that were not hypothesised indicated that tourism stakeholders who perceived socio-cultural and economic impacts were most likely to support further tourism development and competitive destination strategies. Additionally, stakeholders' attachment to their communities had a weak but positive effect on their perception about tourism's environmental impacts and sustainable destination management and practices. The focus group participants mostly confirmed the study's empirical findings with a few diverging opinions regarding some issues such as environmental impacts and mass tourism versus alternative tourism policies. Thus, the study's findings provided various theoretical and methodological contributions, closing the gap in the notions of destination competitiveness and stakeholders' active participation in tourism planning and development. As well, the practical implications of the study's findings could be adopted by Oman's tourism planning authorities to enhance the destination's competitiveness in the international tourism marketplace. This study is considered a personal effort. Thus, I used the first person 'I' throughout the study to express and reflect my personal work. The use of 'I' in research is not an unacceptable notion, however, it is recommended that the researcher not take cover behind using 'we' or the 'researcher' in his/her work (Gummesson, 2000, p.xi).Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text
5
Reis, Mayra. "Urban activation through food : Stockholm’s new food destination." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-266886.
Full textAbstract:
Responding to the needs of a rapidly growing urban population, Stockholm is investing in multiple urban development projects, one of which being Slatkthusområdet, the so-called meatpacking district located in the southern area of the city. Atrium Ljungberg, the Swedish developer responsible for a big parcel of the land in the area, envisions making the slaughterhouse district into an attractive destination for business, society and people in search of cultural life. The developer aims to transform the location from an industrial site to a lively neighbourhood for the society, with a diversity of activities that will work together with a food market in one of the main buildings of the area. Their plan is to establish a food destination that will have a leading role in Slakthusområdet. In the long run, the food destination will become the hub and the unifying link between the various actors and residents of the area, but also a destination that will lift Stockholm as a reference city for gastronomic experiences. It is a crucial issue to look at the identity and experience of a place, especially when proposing the urban renewal for an area that has long been known to have a significant representation in a city. By utilizing placemaking tools and lessons from the feminist urban planning movement, I ask how can we - urban planners, designers, and architects - contribute to placemaking by encouraging certain behaviours, such as collective cooking? Furthermore, from a commercial point of view: how to brand a place? Is it possible to make a win-win, where the developer, the inhabitant, the city, all gain from a place establishing an identity through food? While using Slatkthusområdet as a case study, this thesis project aims to undergo a review of the actions happening in the area, and the actors involved, in order to propose a strategic plan for the urban renewal of the neighbourhood. This plan could be used by the authorities responsible for making decisions regarding urban planning in the city of Stockholm. The celebratory nature of food is universal In search of the universal element that could inspire the creation of public spaces in Slakthusormrådet and extend the domestic life from indoors to outdoors, food as a social tool was continuously appearing as a recommendation during my search. Every single culture and religion uses food as part of their celebrations. Sometimes food means survival, sometimes a status, and in many cases, it is a synonym for pleasure. Regardless of the reason, everyone needs to eat, and the process of cooking and preparing each meal is part of many domestic lives around the world. Slakthusområdet is the ideal scenario to experiment with this concept: their history is connected to food production, and the leading developer of the area has the intention to establish the site as a food destination in the city. Thus, I aim to use eating habits to bringing different groups to the public spaces attracted by one common interest: food
6
Dam, Lien P. "Destination consumer-based brand equity: The effects of social media on travel planning." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119223/1/Lien_Dam_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Technological innovation with the advances in new media has increasingly become a focus as a strategy to gain competitive advantages for a holiday destination. Yet, there is a lack of understanding about to what extent new media such as social media effects a destination branding from the consumers' perspective. By utilising a mixed method approach and testing the proposed model with multiple destinations, this study provides a more complete and comprehensive understanding of the consumers' engagement with social media in the context of travel planning and its subsequent impacts on the destination brand performance. This study is part of a growing body of research on new media's effects in marketing area and thus will contribute to future research on similar topic.
7
Coen, Kris. "Designing a destination : a plan for the River Market transit station district." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1502.
Full text
8
Wisansing, Jutamas. "Tourism planning and destination marketing : towards a community-driven approach : a case of Thailand." Lincoln University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/671.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis argues that while analysing markets and developing strategies to exploit the external market place and to attract tourists remains a central focus for tourism marketers, it is not enough on its own to achieve sustainable tourism destination development. The researcher substantiates this argument by exploring the 'participatory tourism planning' concept in detail. Based on this approach, the community is identified as a primary customer for whom tourism marketers have ignored involving in their marketing attention, messages and programmes. The fundamental concept - marketing orientation and customer orientation - combined with emerging marketing theories were reviewed in order to help examine how destination marketing, a community-driven approach, should be implemented within a destination area. This examination of marketing and community based tourism planning set a platform for this research. This analysis examines relevance, applicability and potential for an integration of these two pervasive approaches for tourism planning. Guided by the theoretical examination, an integrated community-based tourism planning and marketing model was proposed. In order to explore gaps between the proposed model and its practicality, three destination areas (Phuket, Samui and Songkla-Hatyai) in Thailand were studied and evaluated. At this pragmatic level, this thesis identified impediments confronting national and local tourism organisations. The findings of this study draw a particular attention to institutional challenges which require clear identification of responsibilities and coordination of all actors involved in the planning and marketing process. These selected case studies have not only provided critical commentaries to assist tourism planners improve strategically their marketing approaches within community tourism planning, but they also have helped provide avenues for future research.
9
Hayat, Adi. "Attributes influencing meeting planners' destination selection a case of Orlando, FL." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4917.
Full textAbstract:
The meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions (MICE) industry generates billions of dollars in direct and indirect spending annually, and is considered one of the fastest growing segments of the tourism industry. Destinations that want to capitalize on this industry must understand what drives its planners. The current study used Orlando, Florida as a case study, and investigated whether there are differences between the three meeting planners' types (association, corporate, 3rd party) in regards to destination selection attributes and the recent recession impact. The study further identified attributes that affect future bookings to Orlando. Data was collected from a nationwide survey of meeting planners with a usable sample of 2,388 completed phone surveys and 118 completed online questionnaires. Only one significant difference was found between the three meeting planners' types. This research was performed in the midst of the recent recession. Some effects of the recent economic downturn on the events industry are decreased attendance and more conservative cost management. Most association meeting planners did not cancel or postponed their events, although all planners agree that attendance to their meetings decreased. Third party planners seemed to be the most sensitive to budget allocations. Recommendations for the Orlando Orange County Conventions and Visitor's Bureau include marketing the variety and quality of its meeting facilities better, its extreme weather insurance and its website. It is also wise to pursue more local associations, because those can be the main source of income during recessions.ID: 030423011; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-89).
M.S.
Masters
Rosen College of Hospitality Management
Hospitality and Tourism Management
10
Vu, Hoai Nam. "Embracing Sustainability through a People-centred Approach to Tourism Planning and Destination Management in Nha Trang, Vietnam." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366034.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism is often utilised by governments of developing countries to enhance economic development opportunities that will increase the quality of life of citizens. The overreliance on economic growth stimulated by tourism has in many cases compromised environmental and social aspects of sustainable development. Possible solutions to these issues lie in incorporating all dimensions of the development model to address socio- ecological issues, and in improving the role of the tourism industry in shaping sustainable societies, towards a better quality of life for the community. The purpose of this study is to explore key factors influencing the adoption of a people- centred approach to sustainable development within a tourism destination, in particular to achieve greater social outcomes within the sustainable development of Vietnam. In this study, a people-centred approach to sustainable destination management and tourism planning puts people at the centre of sustainable development. The key aspect of a people-centred approach to tourism destination management is the effective engagement of stakeholders in the development process, which aims to ensure the socio-cultural viability of the host community. Underpinning such an approach is a practice of shared moral responsibility among the stakeholders. Through exploring a case study in Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, the study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches in order to examine how a people-centred approach can be applied or enhanced in the study site. In-depth interviews were conducted with governmental officers and content analysis was undertaken to analyse the responses. Two sets of questionnaire surveys were used to seek the responses of tourists and local residents for use in multivariate analysis. A mixed methods approach was used to help answer the applied nature of the research questions.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
Full Text
Books on the topic "Destination planning"
1
Destination weddings for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2007.
Find full text
2
Sardone, Susan Breslow. Destination Weddings For Dummies. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008.
Find full text
3
Dwyer, Larry, Renata Tomljenović, and Sanda Čorak, eds. Evolution of Destination Planning and Strategy. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42246-6.
Full text
4
Bob, Mehaffy, ed. Destination Mexico: Planning a cruise to Mexico. Santa Barbara, Calif: Caractacus Corp., 1995.
Find full text
5
Group, Equus Consulting. Lakeland tourism destination resort plan. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Tourism, Regional Planning Unit, 1991.
Find full text
6
Group, Equus Consulting. Foothills tourism destination resort plan. Edmonton, Alta: Regional Planning Unit, Planning Division, Alberta Tourism, 1990.
Find full text
7
Roney, Carley. The Knot guide to destination weddings. New York: Clarkson Potter, 2007.
Find full text
8
Roney, Carley. The Knot guide to destination weddings. New York: Clarkson Potter, 2007.
Find full text
9
Rose, Evan Stuart. Destination downtown: Streetscape investments for a walkable city. [San Francisco]: Planning Dept., City and County of San Francisco, 1994.
Find full text
10
Rhode Island. Dept. of Administration. Division of Planning. 1990 census data for transportation planning. Providence, R.I: Division of Planning, Rhode Island Department of Administration, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Destination planning"
1
Morrison, Alastair M. "Destination planning." In Marketing and Managing Tourism Destinations, 42–74. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | “First: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315178929-2.
Full text
2
Morrison, Alastair M. "Destination marketing planning." In Marketing and Managing Tourism Destinations, 75–117. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | “First: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315178929-3.
Full text
3
Mason, Peter. "Destination management." In Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management, 193–208. Fourth editon. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York,: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429273544-16.
Full text
4
Hickman, M. "Transit Origin-Destination Estimation." In Public Transport Planning with Smart Card Data, 15–35. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315370408-4.
Full text
5
Ali, A., and S. Lee. "Destination and Activity Estimation." In Public Transport Planning with Smart Card Data, 37–53. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315370408-5.
Full text
6
Čorak, Sanda, and Snježana Boranić Živoder. "Tourism Destination and DMO Transformation." In Evolution of Destination Planning and Strategy, 99–118. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42246-6_6.
Full text
7
Rauschen, Laura, Anastasia Traskevich, and Martin Fontanari. "Strategic considerations for sustainable tourism development of the micro-destination East Belgium." In Tourism planning and development in Western Europe, 80–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620797.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter uses East Belgium as a case to conceptualize the relevance of micro-destinations for tourism development and strategic planning. The chapter provides an integrative definition of the term 'micro-destination' and explores the extent to which the region of East Belgium can be called a micro-destination. In addition, attention is paid to the strategic considerations required to ensure the sustainable tourism development of the region. By collecting primary data through a workshop and expert interviews, the authors propose projects that will only be efficiently implemented if a partnership and team spirit of all stakeholders is ensured.
8
Spyriadis, Thanasis, John Fletcher, and Alan Fyall. "6. Destination Management Organisational Structures." In Trends in European Tourism Planning and Organisation, edited by Carlos Costa, Emese Panyik, and Dimitrios Buhalis, 77–91. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781845414122-010.
Full text
9
Telišman-Košuta, Neda. "Shaping Destination Identity: Challenges of Branding Croatia." In Evolution of Destination Planning and Strategy, 67–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42246-6_4.
Full text
10
Dwyer, Larry, Sanda Čorak, and Renata Tomljenović. "Introduction." In Evolution of Destination Planning and Strategy, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42246-6_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Destination planning"
1
PROKOPIOU, DIMITRIS, ELENI NIKOLAIDOU, GEORGE MAVRIDOGLOU, SOTIRIS MANOLOGLOU, and BASIL TSELENTIS. "SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND DESTINATION MANAGEMENT: THE GREEK ISLAND OF POROS." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2017. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp170441.
Full text
2
Xu, Jun, Rouhollah Rahmatizadeh, Ladislau Boloni, and Damla Turgut. "Taxi Dispatch Planning via Demand and Destination Modeling." In 2018 IEEE 43rd Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcn.2018.8638038.
Full text
3
Pfaffenbichler, Paul, Joachim Gauster, Lukas Hartwig, and Michael Meschik. "Planning and designing infrastructure and services for sustainable bicycle tourism along the EuroVelo routes in the Danube region." In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1043.
Full textAbstract:
Before the Covid-19 pandemic air travel was growing steeply and “flight shame” became one of the catch phrases of the climate crisis. Too often urban citizens undermined eco-friendly workday mobility with long-distance holiday air travel. The arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic posed new challenges. The recreational needs had to be satisfied by domestic tourism closer to home. There is a need for innovative sustainable tourism products and concepts to respond to both of these trends. Bicycle tourism combined with public transport for destination access and egress is a promising candidate for low carbon and regional tourism concepts. The Danube region is among the most important European cycle tourism destinations. A long stretch of the EuroVelo route 6 follows the river Danube, other EuroVelo routes cross the region. The European Interreg-project EcoVeloTour combines three main elements to support new sustainable tourism concepts in this corridor: ecotourism, use of public transport to access the destination or starting and final points of cycle tours and cycling within the destination region. Key elements of the EcoVeloTour approach are sustainable mobility and ecotourism guidelines. The guidelines utilize synergies between sustainable multimodal mobility planning, including cycling infrastructure, and cyclist ecotourism related services and ecotourism development (e.g. destination management, marketing, product development) along the EuroVelo routes. The guidelines for sustainable bicycle tourism provide a comprehensive basis for planning and improving all relevant mobility-related infrastructure and services. The chapter “Infrastructure for high-level bicycle tourism” deals with relevant road infrastructure elements like different types of tracks, intersections and roundabouts, route signposting, bicycle parking, shelters for cyclists, lighting and maintenance. The chapter “Transport services and intermodality” addresses public transport use for transfers to origin and from final destination of bicycle tours. It describes infrastructure, information and services needed at intermodal nodes. Regional bicycle tourism strategies and pilot projects are elaborated based on the EcoVeloTour guidelines. An interactive self-assessment tool to support strategy development and pilot actions of the regions was developed and tested in transnational learning interactions.
4
Arnone, Maurizio. "The potential of e-ticketing for public transport planning: the Piedmont region case study." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.1999.
Full textAbstract:
In the Piedmont region (Italy) the electronic ticketing system called BIP, is currently active across much of its territory, and thedata collected in the Province of Cuneo since the full activation of the system (2014) provide today a sound source ofinformation. Two different travel documents are available, travel passes and pay-per-use, with different validation rules: check-inonly for travel passes and check-in and check-out for pay-per-use. Data produced by this electronic ticketing system employingsmart cards allow to perform a detailed analysis of each user’s behaviour, and calculate time and space distributions of eachpassenger trip. In detail, data originating from smart card transactions allow to trace back the trip chains, establish journey originsand destinations, and produce a “travel diary” for each passenger. Based on this data, performance indicators (i.e. load factor) aswell as user mobility patterns and origin-destination matrices can be calculated in an automated and reliable way. This articlepresents a methodology for assessing the quality of the data collected when information about boarding and alighting stops isavailable from the (on board) validation system. It also presents an algorithm to assign a destination for each trip where only theboarding information is available. In the case study of the Province of Cuneo, it was found that 91% of the pay-per-use journeydata are reliable and can be used for further analysis, whereas with the use of the proposed algorithm it was possible to estimatethe destinations for 82% of the travel pass trips.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.1999
5
Johnson, Dr Patricia, and Dr Kevin Lyons. "Knowledge Transfer: An Analysis Technique for Destination Planning Processes." In Annual International Conference on Tourism and Hospitality Research. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3426_thor1221.
Full text
6
Cuchy, Marek, Michal Stolba, and Michal Jakob. "Benefits of Multi-Destination Travel Planning for Electric Vehicles." In 2018 21st International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc.2018.8569385.
Full text
7
PROKOPIOU, DIMITRIS, and BASIL TSELENTIS. "CARRYING CAPACITY INDICATORS IN RELATION TO A TOURIST DESTINATION: THE CASE OF THE ISLAND OF PAROS, GREECE." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2022. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp220291.
Full text
8
Slavić, Nataša, and Tanja Ivek. "STANDARDIZATION OF SERVICES AS KEY COMPONENTS OF CYCLING TOURISM DESTINATION DEVELOPMENT." In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2021: ToSEE – Smart, Experience, Excellence & ToFEEL – Feelings, Excitement, Education, Leisure. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.06.45.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The objective of this paper is to suggest a development scenario for cycling tourism destinations in the form of a model with identified stages, stakeholders, and activities, contingent upon regional commitment and supported by EU funding. Its purpose is to evaluate the role of service standardization in cycling tourism destination development from the stakeholder perspective. Methodology – This paper uses the case study approach in capturing practical implications of reallife regional tourism development. The conceptual model is a result of the conducted study and analysis that included qualitative data from strategic documents, implemented actions, and onsite observations, as well as the opinions, attitudes, and suggestions of tourism development stakeholders. Proposed is a more general and widely applicable cycling tourism development model, built around service standardization as the key component. Findings – Not all regional stakeholders (primarily service providers) demonstrate willingness to adapt to cycling tourism standardization, regardless of the simplicity of criteria for a basic (entrance) level of standardization. Interestingly, service providers that already cater to cycling tourists (or have attempted to) and have adopted some kind of service customization are more responsive to regional standardization initiative. Research results confirm the standpoint of the conceptual model that service standardization plays a key role in cycling tourism development. Contribution – This research provides more insight into the stakeholder perspective of cycling tourism development. Capturing stakeholder behaviour and attitudes towards service standardization as part of the strategic regional tourism development model offers practical and managerial implications for destination management and other (potential) actors in cycling tourism development. Research results indicate that service standardization is the key component of the destination’s cycling tourism development model, influenced by top-down development planning, stakeholder-involvement, and collaborative efforts at each stage.
9
Osipov, Vladimir, and Vladimir Sudakov. "The Fuzzy Origin–Destination Matrix Estimation for Planning Air Traffic." In 2020 Ivannikov Ispras Open Conference (ISPRAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ispras51486.2020.00031.
Full text
10
Hakeem, Abeer, Narain Gehani, Xiaoning Ding, Reza Curtmola, and Cristian Borcea. "Multi-destination vehicular route planning with parking and traffic constraints." In MobiQuitous: Computing, Networking and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3360774.3360824.
Full textReports on the topic "Destination planning"
1
McIntyre, Phillip, Susan Kerrigan, and Marion McCutcheon. Australian Cultural and Creative Activity: A Population and Hotspot Analysis: Coffs Harbour. Queensland University of Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/rep.eprints.208028.
Full textAbstract:
Coffs Harbour on the north coast of NSW is a highway city sandwiched between the Great Dividing Range and the Pacific Ocean. For thousands of years it was the traditional land of the numerous Gumbaynggirr peoples. Tourism now appears to be the major industry, supplanting agriculture and timber getting, while a large service sector has grown up around a sizable retirement community. It is major holiday destination. Located further away from the coast in the midst of a dairy farming community, Bellingen has become a centre of alternative culture which relies heavily on a variety of festivals activated by energetic tree changers and numerous professionals who have relocated from Sydney. Both communities rely on the visitor economy and there have been considerable changes to how local government in this region approach strategic planning for arts and culture. The newly built Coffs Harbour Education Campus (CHEC) is an experiment in encouraging cross pollination between innovative businesses and education and incorporates TAFE NSW, Coffs Harbour Senior College and Southern Cross University as well as the Coffs Harbour Technology Park and Coffs Harbour Innovation Centre all on one site. The 250 seat Jetty Memorial Theatre is the main theatre in Coffs Harbour for local and touring productions while local halls and converted theatres are the mainstay of smaller communities in the region. As peak body Arts Mid North Coast reports, there is a good record of successful arts related events which range across all genres of music, art, sculpture, Aboriginal culture, street art, literature and even busking and opera. These are mainly managed by passionate local volunteers.
2
Iyer, Ananth V., Konstantina Gkritza, Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Raul Candanedo, Srinath Jayan, Pooja Gupta, et al. Last Mile Delivery and Route Planning for Freight. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317315.
Full textAbstract:
This report analyzes anticipated list mile challenges in Indiana by using a scenario-based approach to develop forecasts of GDP growth and thus freight growth across industry clusters in Indiana counties; potential congestion implied by this growth; and a proactive plan to add capacity to alleviate the congestion. We use a quantitative approach to aggregate ramp level flows, industry cluster locations, county layout, and economic activity to develop our recommendations. We develop forecasts through the year 2050 based on long-term planning approaches used by other states (California, Ohio, and Utah). We use data from global databases that consider different possible geo-political scenarios and regulatory choices to scale it down to county-level impact. At the same time, we track industry cluster locations within each county, ramps from interstates, and distances to travel within the counties to reach freight destinations. The result is a report that combines macro trends with micro detail to develop potential capacity bottlenecks.
3
Iyer, Ananth V., Konstantina Gkritza, Steven R. Dunlop, Dutt J. Thakkar, Raul Candanedo, Srinath Jayan, Pooja Gupta, et al. Last Mile Delivery and Route Planning for Freight. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317315.
Full textAbstract:
This report analyzes anticipated list mile challenges in Indiana by using a scenario-based approach to develop forecasts of GDP growth and thus freight growth across industry clusters in Indiana counties; potential congestion implied by this growth; and a proactive plan to add capacity to alleviate the congestion. We use a quantitative approach to aggregate ramp level flows, industry cluster locations, county layout, and economic activity to develop our recommendations. We develop forecasts through the year 2050 based on long-term planning approaches used by other states (California, Ohio, and Utah). We use data from global databases that consider different possible geo-political scenarios and regulatory choices to scale it down to county-level impact. At the same time, we track industry cluster locations within each county, ramps from interstates, and distances to travel within the counties to reach freight destinations. The result is a report that combines macro trends with micro detail to develop potential capacity bottlenecks.
4
Jacobsen, Nils. Linjebussens vekst og fall i den voksende byen: en studie av bybussenes geografiske kvalitet Stavanger – Sandnes 1920 – 2010. University of Stavanger, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.244.
Full textAbstract:
Linear city bus services are facing increased challenges from city growth. Increased number of inhabitants on increasing acres of built-up areas, makes it demanding to maintain adequate bus services within reasonable catchment areas. Number of departures per hour give a partial description of the bus service quality. Number of departures give reference to the time aspect of bus service quality, but say nothing about the geographical aspect. What part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service when frequencies are limited? To address the geographical aspect of bus service quality, the term network ratio is introduced. The term Network Ratio (NR) signifies what part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service to or from a certain place in the network. Network Ratio is given as a mathematical term whereby direct bus lines are calculated as a percentage of the entire network. The character and development of Network Ratio in a specific city is illustrated through an analysis of the urban growth of line network and built-up areas in the twin cities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The analysis is covering the period 1920 – 2000 in intervals of 20 years from the first bus lines were established in the urban area. Year 2010 is also included due to major changes implemented right after the turn of the millennium. Development show there is a close relation between bus network and built-up areas. When areas are being built, bus lines follow. The initial fase 1920 – 40 with extensive development of bus lines combined with some areal growth, is followed by a fase of consolidation 1940 – 60. The latter period is characterized by moderate areal growth, extended lines reducing network ratios, and increasing frequencies on the best bus lines. Extensive areal growth in the following period 1960 – 80, implies increased number of bus lines. As a consequence network ratios as well as frequencies are falling in the entire network. In 1960 certain lines had developed as much as 6 departures per hour, while maximum bus line frequency in 1980 has diminished to 2. New bus service development is introduced in the following period between 1980 and 2000. Numerous bus companies are united, and a more comprehensive planning of bus services are applied. The number of bus lines is stabilized at about 40, the fall in network ratio is reduced, and certain lines develop 4 departures per hour. Parallell to the bus development, growth of built-up areas is slowing down due to increased urban renewal with higher densities within built-up areas. In the period 2000 – 2010 new efforts are given to the development of bus services. Development of Network Ratio takes a new direction: The length of network links with high NR is increasing, while links with very low NR are diminishing. Number of bus lines is decreasing, and by 2010 almost 50% of the bus lines are served with 4 departures or more. Passenger comfort is improved in buses as well as on bus stops, and low floor buses are introduced to ease accessibility. Bus service quality is further developed after 2010. Digital services are introduced including digital ticketing, bus service information and real-time information on internet. In addition real-time information is presented at high frequency bus stops through visual screen and auditory speaker. Inside the buses name of next stop is given on screen and through loudspeaker. Further development of the bus services, should include improved Network Ratios in the entire network, as well as increased frequencies on major bus corridors. The latter is a task not only for the bus service planners, but just as well for the city planners and politicians in collaboration with the developers implementing urban density and allocation of important destinations. A last, but not least, objective for bus service development will be to improve punctuality and total travel time. Today a considerable proportion of city bus services are delayed in car traffic congestions. This is occurring especially on main streets and during rush hours. A set of different solutions are needed to address this question: 1. Dedicated bus streets (including car access to limited addresses) 2. Bus lines through local streets in concentrated housing, office and shopping areas. 3. Dedicated bus lane on main streets where possible. 4. Car traffic regulations on main streets without space for extra bus lane. As an overall vision, we need to cultivate the word of Flemming Larsen: urban growth as pearls on a string, as shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14.