Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Désintégration double bêta sans neutrino'
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Hugon, Christophe. "Analyse des données de l’expérience NEMO3 pour la recherche de la désintégration double bêta sans émission de neutrinos. Étude des biais systématiques du calorimètre et développements d’outils d’analyse." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112335/document.
Full textThe NEMO3 experiment was researching the ββ0ν decay by using various sources of double beta decay isotopes (mainly ¹ººMo, ⁸²Se, ¹¹⁶Cd and ¹³⁰Te for about 10 kg in total). The detector was located in the “Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane”, in the halfway point of the Frejus tunnel. This experiment demonstrated that the "tracko-calo" technology is really competitive and, in addition, it gives new results for the ββ2ν and the ββ0ν decay research. Moreover it opened a new way for its successor SuperNEMO, which aim is to reach a mass of 100 kg of ⁸²Se (for a sensitivity of 10²⁶ years). The main goal of the thesis is to measure the ββ2ν and ββ0ν decay of the ¹ººMo to the excited state 0₁⁺ of the ¹ººRu thanks to the whole NEMO3 data, with new original methods of analysis and through the development of the collaboration analysis software. The results obtained for the ground states (gs) and excited states ββ2ν of the ¹ººMo are T1/2(ββ2ν,gs)=(7,05±0,01(stat)±0,54(syst)).10¹⁸ years and T1/2(ββ2ν, 0₁⁺)=(6,15±1,1(stat)±0,78)).10²º years. Those results are compatibles with the last published ones by the collaboration. For the ββ0ν(0₁⁺), this work gave a half-life time of T1/2 (ββ0ν, 0₁⁺)>2,6.10²³ years, improving significantly the last published results. Furthermore those methods also allowed to present a new and more exhaustive background noise model for this experiment. The second point of this work was to measure the systematics errors of the NEMO3 calorimeter, among others, due to the wavelength of the NEMO3 calibration systems. This work was done using a new test bench based on LED. This bench also allowed to contribute to the development of the SuperNEMO calorimeter, especially in the time characteristic and the energy linearity measurement of the PMT intended to the demonstrator of the experiments
Armatol, Antoine. "Innovative methods for background rejection in next-generation neutrinoless double beta decay bolometric experiments." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP105.
Full textThe search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0ν2β) is a major challenge in contemporary physics, as its observation would demonstrate that the neutrino is a Majorana particle. The half-life of the process being related to the effective Majorana mass mββ, it would also provide a measure of the neutrino mass scale and information on its mass hierarchy. The next-generation experiment CUPID aims to reach a sensitivity high enough to explore completely the region of possible values for mββ in the case of the inverted hierarchy. It will use scintillating bolometers made of a Li₂MoO₄ (LMO) crystal, containing ¹⁰⁰Mo as the 2β candidate isotope, coupled to a Ge bolometric light detector. Thanks to the dual light/heat readout, CUPID will be able to reject the background due to α particles, which is the main source limiting the sensitivity of CUORE, its predecessor, and aims to achieve a background level of 10⁻⁴ counts/kg/keV/year (ckky) in the region of interest (ROI). However, if the 0ν2β still eludes us after CUPID, we will have to push the background reduction even further to explore the spectrum of values for mββ possible in the case of the normal mass hierarchy. It is in this context that BINGO (Bi-Isotope 0ν2β Next Generation Observatory) and the work of this thesis lay. This project aims to test innovative methods for achieving a background of 10⁻⁵ ckky in the ROI of ¹⁰⁰Mo but also of ¹³⁰Te, respectively embedded in LMO and TeO₂ crystals. Firstly, an innovative assembly of bolometers reducing the amount of passive material around the detectors has been developed and validated. Secondly, R&D on implementing a cryogenic active veto composed of scintillators around the volume containing the bolometers was done to reject external γ events by coincidence. A study of potential candidates led to the selection of the BGO for the material. A cryogenic test of a prototype veto module containing two BGOs is also reported in this thesis. Other light collection measurements have also been done at room temperature. Finally, to use TeO₂ crystals as scintillating bolometers, it is necessary to boost the performance of the light detectors. To achieve this goal, BINGO will operate light detectors using the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) effect to amplify the signal. An R&D campaign has been conducted to test a new method for depositing aluminum electrodes and different electrode geometries
Oliviero, Guillaume. "Expérience SuperNEMO pour la recherche de la double désintégration bêta sans émission de neutrino : conception et réalisation du système de déclenchement du module démonstrateur." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC236/document.
Full textThe SuperNEMO experiment is designed for the neutrinoless double beta decay (ββ) research involving a massive Majorana neutrino (ν ≡ ν̄). The demonstrator module of the experiment is currently being installed at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane (LSM). The so-called tracko-calo detection technique allows the energy measurement of the particles passing through the detector and a complete reconstruction of their kinematics.This thesis presents the design, simulation and implementation of the electronics trigger system for the SuperNEMO demonstrator module. The purpose of this system is to maximize the detection efficiency for ββ events as well as for background events due to natural radioactivity while reducing the acquisition rate caused by spurious events. Pattern recognition and calorimeter-tracker association algorithms have been developed and implemented in electronic boards after validation by Monte-Carlo simulations. The performance targets have been reached, taking into account different constraints (physics of the detectors, electronics, real time) with maximized detection efficiency for events of interest
Soulé, Benjamin. "Recherche des désintégrations double bêta avec et sans émission de neutrinos du 82Se vers les états excités du 82Kr dans l'expérience NEMO3 : développement de dispositifs de mesure ultra-sensibles d'émanation du Radon pour l'expérience SuperNEMO." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0198/document.
Full textThe NEMO3 detector was installed in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane, in 2003, in orderto search for neutrinoless double beta decay (ββ0v). The specificity of this experiment was the possibility to study several isotopes simultaneously. Among them were 100Mo, 82Se, 96Zr or 150Nd. In addition to setting the best limits on these isotopes half-lives for theββ 0v process, the detector performed precise measurements of their 2v ββdecays. The first point of this work was to measure the half-lives of 2v ββand 0v ββdecays of 82Se to the 0+2 excited state of 82Kr using NEMO3 data. Since those processes have not been observed, only limits were set. The resulting half-life limits are T2 1=2(82Se; 0+1 → 0+2) > 1:29 x 1021 yr and T01=2(82Se; 0+1 → 0+2) > 2:31 x 1022 yr. The latest is the first limit ever measured for this decay. SuperNEMO is the successor to NEMO3 and will aim to reach an half-life sensitivity of 1026 yr for the 0v ββdecay of 82Se. Radon being a source of background for the search of this decay, its concentration inside the detector must be less than 0:15 mBq.m-3. To reach this objective, Radon emanation from the detector componants has to be checked. The second goal of this thesis was thus to develop two setups able to measure Radon emanation. Those two devices, each consisting of an emanation chamber associated to an electrostatic detector, were calibrated before their backgrounds were characterized. With a sensitivity of a few mBq.m-3, these setups measured the Radon emanation rate of several materials which will be used for the construction of the SuperNEMO detector
Etienvre, Anne-Isabelle. "Méthode d'analyse pour la recherche de la double désintégration bêta sans émission de neutrinos dans l'expérience NEMO3. Etude du bruit de fond et premiers résultats." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002824.
Full textLobasenko, Andrii. "The neutrino nature through the study of the Xenon 136 double-beta decays on the PandaX-III experiment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP051.
Full textThe search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) is crucial for advancing our understanding of physics and exploring physics beyond the Standard Model. However, this pursuit is incredibly challenging due to the decay's extreme rarity, requiring profound interpretation and reliance on experimental constraints and theoretical nuclear models. The PandaX-III experiment is dedicated to the search for 0νββ in 136-Xe. It is a high-pressure gaseous Time Projection Chamber (TPC) with Micromegas detectors. This design choice is made to maximize the particle track detection and discrimination 0νββ signal vs. gamma background capabilities. One of the main challenges of the 0νββ search is the discrimination between the signal and background events, which contaminate the region of interest (ROI). The strip readout system of the Micromegas detectors (a combination of 52 of them form a readout plane) allows for the precise 2D reconstruction of the ionization tracks together with the charge and time information. This allows for studying the electron tracks' energy and topology and ultimately discriminating the signal from the background. To suppress the scintillation light and rely only on the ionization signal, a 90% enriched 136-Xe is mixed with a 1% trimethylamine (TMA) quencher. The current energy resolution of the PandaX-III experiment is 3% for the 2457 keV energy of the 136-Xe 0νββ decay, envisioned to be improved to 1%. However, several factors can degrade the energy resolution, such as the presence of dead channels, gain inhomogeneities in the Micromegas detectors, or electron attachment in the TPC. This Ph.D work presents a study on the impact of missing channels on the energy and topology reconstructions in the PandaX-III experiment. The results of the Blob charge determination do not provide the desired possibility of reconstituting the part of the blob energy that would have been lost due to missing channels in XZ from YZ projections of reconstructed event tracks and vice versa. However, the study gave insight into employing machine learning (ML) algorithms to mitigate the impact of missing channels on energy and topology reconstructions. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model was developed to predict the true energy of the electrons from the simulated data collected by the Micromegas with missing channels. The final results show that the CNN model predicts the true energy of the events recorded by the Micromegas with missing channels with a good energy resolution. We observe an improvement in the detection efficiency of the Monte Carlo 0νββ signal in the ROI from 69% to 89% after applying the CNN model, in comparison to the direct approach of directly summing amplitudes of the signals from the Micromegas with missing channels. Another CNN model was also used to classify the two-electron events from the single-electron events in the Monte Carlo data affected by missing channels. The model is capable of rejecting 99% of the background events while maintaining a 26% efficiency for the 0νββ signal in the ROI. The results of this work are promising and pave the way for further studies to improve the energy resolution and background rejection in the PandaX-III experiment
Hugon, Christophe. "Analyse des données de l'expérience NEMO3 pour la recherche de la désintégration double bêta sans émission de neutrinos. Étude des biais systématiques du calorimètre et développements d'outils d'analyse." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796403.
Full textMacko, Miroslav. "Expérience SuperNEMO : Études des incertitudes systématiques sur la reconstruction de traces et sur l'étalonnage en énergie. Evaluation de la sensibilité de la 0nbb avec émission de Majoron pour le Se-82." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0368/document.
Full textPresented thesis is composed of variety of projects which I performed within theconstruction phase of SuperNEMO demonstrator during the period 2015-2018.SuperNEMO experiment, located at underground laboratory LSM, is designed to searchfor 0nbb of 82Se. Its technology, which takes advantage of particle tracking, is unique inthe field of double beta decay experiments. Event topology reconstruction is powerful toolfor suppression of naturally-occurring background radiation.Part of the thesis is dedicated to experimental work. I took part in assembly and testingof optical modules - the integral part of SuperNEMO calorimeter. Results of tests afterassembly of 520 optical modules are presented in the thesis. Furthermore, I present resultsof complete mapping of 207Bi sources performed using pixel detectors. I also present precisemeasurements of their activities for which I used HPGe detectors. These 207Bi sources willbe used for calibration of the calorimeter. Study played a key role in choice of 42 sourceswhich were installed in the demonstrator and will take part in calibration of the demonstrator.Another part of the thesis contains projects focused on Monte Carlo simulations. In firstof them, I studied a vertex reconstruction precision achievable by reconstruction algorithmdeveloped for SuperNEMO experiment. Precision is evaluated using different statisticalmethods in variety of different conditions (magnetic field, energy of electrons, angles ofemission, etc.). Factors influencing the precision, based on the achieved results are discussed.In 2018, I also performed simulations of neutron shielding. Variety of shielding materialswith different thicknesses were (in the simulation) exposed to realistic neutron spectrumfrom LSM and the fluxes behind the shielding were estimated. It was shown that the partsof the detector made of Iron should be expected to capture vast majority of neutrons passingthe shielding. I also discuss a problem with simulation of deexcitation gamma radiation,emitted after thermal neutron capture, which arises in standard software packages. I proposednew extended generator capable to resolve the problem and demonstrate the conceptin analytically solvable example.Along with standard 0nbb, SuperNEMO will be capable of searching for more exoticmodes of the decay. In the thesis, I present possible half-life limits achievable by SuperNEMOfor 0nbb with emission of one or two Majorons. The study is performed asa function of activity of internal contamination from 208Tl and 214Bi isotopes. Measurementperiod after which SuperNEMO should be able to improve half-life limits of NEMO-3 (incase the decay would not be observed) are estimated
Predkladaná dizertaˇcná práca je zložená z projektov rôzneho charakteru, na ktorýchsom pracoval vo fáze výstavby SuperNEMO demonštrátora v období rokov 2015-2018.Experiment SuperNEMO, umiestnený v podzemnom laboratóriu LSM, je zameraný nahl’adanie 0nbb v 82Se. Experiment je založený na technológii rekonštrukcie dráh elektrónovvznikajúcich v rozpade. Tento prístup je jedineˇcný v oblasti 0nbb experimentov.Rekonštrukcia topológie udalostí je silným nástrojom na potlaˇcenie pozad’ovej aktivity vyskytujúcejsa v laboratóriu, ako aj v konštrukˇcných materiáloch detektora.Cˇ ast’ práce je venovaná experimentálnym úlohám. Zúcˇastnil som sa na konštrukciioptických modulov - súˇcasti hlavného kalorimetra. Práca obsahuje výsledky prípravy atestovania 520 optických modulov, a takisto výsledky kompletného mapovania kalibraˇcných207Bi zdrojov vykonaného za pomoci pixelových detektorov. V tejto ˇcasti sú odprezentovanéaj výsledky merania ich aktivít za pomoci HPGe detektorov. Štúdia zohrávala kl’úˇcovúúlohu pri výbere 42 zdrojov, ktoré boli nainštalované do prvého SuperNEMO modulu, dodemonštrátora, a budú použité na jeho energetickú kalibráciu.ˇ Dalšiu ˇcast’ práce tvoria úlohy zamerané na Monte Carlo simulácie. Prvým z nich,je štúdia presnosti rekonštrukcie vertexu dvojitého beta rozpadu. Rozpadové vertexy súrekonštruované tzv. CAT (Cellular Automaton Tracker) algoritmom vyvinutým pre experimentSuperNEMO. V štúdii sú porovnávané viaceré spôsoby definovania presnosti rekonštrukcie.Presnost’ je skúmaná v závislosti na magnetickom poli v detektore, energii elektrónov,uhlov ich emisie atd’. Na základe výsledkov sú v štúdii pomenované faktory, ktoré ovplyvˇnujú presnost’ rekonštrukcie vertexov dvojitého beta rozpadu.V roku 2018 som takisto vypracoval štúdie neutrónového tienenia. Oˇcakávané toky neutrónovza tienením boli odhadnuté pomocou Monte Carlo simulácie. Kvalita odtienenia neutrónovz realistickéh pozad’ového spektra, nameraného v LSM, bola skúmana pre tri rôznemateriály rôznych hrúbok. Výsledky ukázali, že neutrónový tok prechádzajúci tienenímbude primárne zachytávaný na komponentoch detektora zhotoveného zo železa. V rámcištúdie neutrónového tienenia je takisto diskutovaný problém simulácie deexcitaˇcných gamakaskád, produkovaných jadrami, po záchyte termálnych neutrónov. Štandardné simulaˇcnésoftvérové balíˇcky využívajú generátory gama kaskád nepostaˇcujúce pre potreby štúdie.Navrhol som nový generátor, ktorý je schopný tieto problémy vyriešit’. Funkˇcnost’ generátorabola preukázaná na príklade jednoduchého systému.Okrem štandardného 0nbb je SuperNEMO experiment schopný hl’adat’ aj jeho exotickejšieverzie. V práci sa nachádzajú odhady limitov ˇcasu polpremeny 0nbb s emisiou jednéhoalebo dvoch Majorónov, dosiahnutel’né SuperNEMO demonštrátorom. Tieto limity sú študovanév závislosti na aktivite izotopov 208Tl a 214Bi, ktoré kontaminujú zdrojovú 82Se fóliu.Bola odhadnuá doba merania, za ktorú bude SuperNEMO schopný vylepšit’ limity ˇcasu polpremeny,pre dva spomenuté rozpadové módy, dosiahnutých experimentom NEMO-3
Jollet, Cécile. "Expérience NEMO3 : Étude de la stabilité des étalonnages en énergie et en temps du calorimètre : Mesure de la contribution des neutrons au bruit de fond de la double désintégration bêta sans émission de neutrino." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12551.
Full textEtienvre, Anne-Isabelle. "Méthode d'analyse pour la recherche de la double désintégration bêta sans émission de neutrinos dans l'expérience NEMO3 : étude du bruit de fond et premiers résultats." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112026.
Full textThe NEMO3 detector, installed in the Fréjus Underground Laboratory, is dedicated to the study of neutrinoless double beta decay : the observation of this process would sign the massive and Majorana nature of neutrino. The experiment consists in very thin central source foils (the total mass is equal to 10 kg), a tracking detector made of drift cells operating in Geiger mode, a calorimeter made of plastic scintillators associated to photomultipliers, a coil producing a 30 gauss magnetic field and two shields, dedicated to the reduction of the γ-ray and neutron fluxes. In the first part, I describe the implications of several mechanisms, related to trilinear R-parity violation, on ββ0v. The second part is dedicated to a detailed study of the tracking detector of the experiment : after a description of the different working tests, I present the determination of the characteristics of the tracking reconstruction (transverse and longitudinal resolution, by Geiger cell and precision on vertex determination, charge recognition). A last part corresponds to the analysis of the data taken by the experiment. On the one hand, an upper limit on the 208-Tl activity of the sources has been determined : it is lower than 68 mBq/kg, at 90% of convidence level. On the other hand, I have developed and tested on these data a method in order to analyse the neutrinoless double beta decay signal; this method is based on a maximum of likelihood using all the available information. Using this method, I could determine a first and very preliminary upper limit on the effective mass of the neutrino
Tenconi, Margherita. "Development of luminescent bolometers and light detectors for neutrinoless double beta decay search." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112224/document.
Full textNeutrinoless Double Beta Decay (0νDBD) is regarded as an important key in the decryption of some hot astroparticle and cosmological enigmas: it violates lepton number by two units and it is currently the only known practical way to shed light on the neutrino nature, being possible only in case of a Majorana neutrino, identical to its antiparticle. Moreover, the 0νDBD rate is sensitive to the effective neutrino mass, so it would be useful to define the absolute neutrino mass scale and hierarchy. The experimental footprint of 0νDBD is a monochromatic peak in the sum energy spectrum of the two emitted electrons. Next-generation experiments aim at reaching a sensitivity on the effective neutrino mass of the order of ten meV, corresponding to half lives in the range 10²⁷-10²⁸ years: this means to be able to gather, at least, a few hundred kilograms of 0νDBD candidate isotope source and to efficiently scrutinize it with very sensitive detectors. Meanwhile, background levels in the energy region of interest of the 0νDBD signal should be lowered to less than one count/ton/y. Cryogenic luminescent bolometers are a promising technique for 0νDBD search, as they feature excellent energy resolutions, high detection efficiency, flexibility in the material choice and easy scalability to large modular experiments; furthermore, the simultaneous read-out of heat and light signals produced by particle interactions provides an active discrimination method against the dangerous α contaminations, populating the 0νDBD energy region of several interesting candidate isotopes. The work presented in this dissertation was carried out in the context of the LUMINEU project: a pilot experiment focused on zinc molybdate scintillating bolometers, to define the strategies for the construction of a next-generation experiment based on the 0νDBD candidate ¹⁰⁰Mo. In view of the construction of a large 0νDBD experiment, involving hundreds of modules, systematic cryogenic measurements have to be performed to ensure good performance and reproducibility of the detectors and their components. Aboveground facilities are preferred for routinary tests because of their easier accessibility: most of the tests were carried out at CSNSM, where I also worked on the setup of a new cryogenic apparatus, based on the Pulse-Tube technology. One part of my thesis work saw the study of bolometric light detectors based on germanium absorbers and Neutron Transmutation Doped (NTD) thermometers: a proper design was developed in view of LUMINEU and the devices were characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, baseline noise and reproducibility. The results are compatible with a 0νDBD search final experiment, though this detector configuration is very sensitive to vibrational noise. In addition, the feasibility of bolometric light detectors based on NTD thermometers and Neganov-Luke amplification was investigated, demonstrating that this technique can actually boost the signal-to-noise gain to a level compatible with event discrimination based on Cherenkov light detection. Another part of my work dealt with the test of scintillating zinc molybdate bolometers of mass up to ~300 g, coupled to the aforementioned light detectors and operated both in the aboveground facilities at CSNSM and underground at Modane, in the cryostat of the EDELWEISS Dark Matter search experiment. Good event discrimination capability was achieved: thanks to double read-out of heat and light, it is possible to identify α particles, the threatening background for 0νDBD interests, against β/γ interactions. The results proved the possibility to pre-characterize aboveground detectors of mass close to the one of a final experiment module, despite the high cosmic rays rates. Besides, the measurements opened the way to the mutual compatibility of the underground setup, conceived for another kind of experiment, and LUMINEU 0νDBD search detectors
Loizeau, Johan. "Étude de la stabilité spatiale de XENONnT avec le 83mKr et reconstruction des événements multiples à haute énergie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0411.
Full textAmong the current questions of contemporary physics, those of the nature of dark matter and the properties of neutrinos are among the most important. The observation of rare events would then make it possible to answer these questions. With its time projection chamber containing a 5.9-ton liquid xenon target and its very low background noise, XENONnT is a serious competitor in the search for WIMPs, a candidate particle for dark matter. Due to its large volume, the control of the spatial stability of the detector is essential. The use of Kr83m as an internal calibration source is suitable for the WIMP recoil energy range and the instrument size. In addition, the isotope 136 naturally present in liquid xenon is a source of double beta decay. It allows, in association with the low background noise of XENONnT, to participate in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay emission, this observation would allow determining that the neutrino is a Majorana particle. The energy of this decay being larger than the one expected for the dark matter search, a specific reconstruction method for these higher energy events had to be developed using the Th232 calibration data
Therreau, Chloé. "Analyse de données de l'expérience XENON1T : Calibration des reculs électroniques pour des énergies comprises entre quelques keV et 3 MeV." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0191.
Full textIn the last century, several astrophysical observations have provided strong evidence of the existence of dark matter in the Universe. This dark matter, non-luminous and weakly interactive with ordinary matter, is responsible for 80% of the Universe’s mass and could be composed of massive particles called WIMPs. XENON1T is a direct dark matter experiment. It consists of a dual-phase time projection chamber filled with liquid xenon and is operating in an ultra-low background environment. XENON1T was designed to detect the elastic WIMP-xenon nucleus scattering. The rare and low energy signals produced by such interaction ask for a well-known response of the detector and for a long period of data taking. Regular calibration, using an internal source of Kr-83m, were thus carried out to monitor the detector stability. Thanks to the ultra-low background environment, XENON1T allows studying other rare processes. Among them, the search for neutrinoless double ß decay, meant to probe the nature of neutrinos, is a possible perspective thanks to the natural presence of the Xe-136, a double ß decay isotope. The signal expected is an electronic recoil at higher energy with respect to dark matter searches. A dedicated analysis was carried out in order to reconstruct high energy events, allowing to reach the best energy resolution obtained in an experiment using liquid xenon in the region of interest for neutrinoless double ß decay
Boursette, Delphine. "Neutrino physics with SoLid and SuperNEMO experiments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS272/document.
Full textNeutrinos are the most abundant fundamental particles of matter in the Universe. They were detected for the first time in 1956. Since then, several experiments have tried to unveil their mysteries. They only interact weakly so they are difficult to detect. It is known that their masses are very low and that they can oscillate between three leptonic flavours. However, several questions remain about their masses, their nature or the existence of sterile neutrinos. This thesis addresses the last two questions with two different experiments: SuperNEMO and SoLid. The goal of the SuperNEMO experiment is to understand the nature of neutrinos, whether it is its own antiparticle (Majorana particle) or not (Dirac particle). This is investigated by searching for neutrinoless double beta decay as this process is possible only if neutrinos are Majorana particles. Source foils of the double beta emitter ⁸²Se are installed at the center of the SuperNEMO demonstrator which is being assembled at the Modane Underground Laboratory. This detector is composed of a wire chamber to detect the tracks of the two electrons emitted in the decays and a calorimeter to measure their energies. Neutrinoless double beta decay measurement is very difficult because if this process exists, it is extremely rare. An important work has thus to be done to decrease backgrounds from cosmic rays or natural radioactivity. In this thesis, different backgrounds have been simulated to understand their impact on the measurement of the energy of the two electrons from ⁸²Se double beta decay. It is shown that radioactivity from photomultipliers glasses will not be negligible but it will be possible to measure it precisely in dedicated channels. Copper foils have also been simulated in the source strips to demonstrate that they can help to control efficiently the backgrounds. Following this work, it has been decided to install copper foils in addition to ⁸²Se foils. The second experiment investigated in this thesis is the SoLid experiment which is looking for the existence of sterile neutrinos. Several experimental anomalies could be explained by oscillations of reactor antineutrinos toward sterile neutrinos. The SoLid detector is looking for an oscillation signal at the Belgian BR2 reactor by measuring the antineutrino flux as a function of their energy and their traveling distance thanks to a fine segmentation. The reactor antineutrinos are detected via inverse beta decay. The antineutrino interaction signal is thus the emission in coincidence of a positron and a neutron. Positrons are detected by plastic scintillator cubes in PVT and neutrons are detected by ⁶LiF:ZnS sheets placed on 2 faces of each cube. A first prototype, SM1, has demonstrated the advantages of this technology, particularly to discriminate backgrounds. A part of the work of this thesis consisted in developing and exploiting a test bench to optimize the light collection of the detector in order to improve the energy resolution of the SoLid detector. By testing different materials and configurations, the test bench measurement demonstrated that an energy resolution of 14 % can be achieved for SoLid phase I, while it was 20 % for the SM1 prototype. The improvements proposed have been taken into account for the SoLid detector construction that was achieved in 2017. An analysis of the first detector data is also presented to show SoLid sensitivity to reactor antineutrino detection
Sarazin, Xavier. "Recherche de la double désintégration beta sans émission de neutrino. Le détecteur BiPo." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00705459.
Full textZolotarova, Anastasiia. "Study and selection of scintillating crystals for the bolometric search for neutrinoless double beta decay." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS293/document.
Full textNeutrinoless double beta (0ν2β) decay is a process of great interest for neutrino physics: its observation would provide essential information on neutrino nature and its absolute mass scale. This process consists of the simultaneous transformation of two protons into two neutrons with the emission of two electrons and no neutrino, implying the violation of the total lepton number. Such transition is possible only if neutrinos are equal to antineutrinos (Majorana particles). The searches for such a rare decay are becoming a complicated technical challenge, as next generation of 0ν2β experiments aim at sensitivities of the order of half-life at 10^27-10^28 yr. This thesis is focused on LUMINEU and CUPID-Mo projects, developing the scintillating bolometers technique for 0ν2β decay search with 100Mo with Li2MoO4 crystals. Bolometers are cryogenic detectors measuring the deposited particle energy as a change of temperature in the absorber. The use of scintillating crystals allows to perform discrimination of α particles from γ/β ones due to different light output of these two particle types, rejecting the most challenging background. The scintillating bolometers technology is described in details as an option for a future ton-scale cryogenic experiment, named CUPID, which can completely cover the inverted hierarchy region of neutrino masses
Augier, C. "Expérience NEMO 3 - Avantages et limitationsProspective pour la physique double bêta." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011894.
Full textJe détaille ensuite dans le chapitre 3 les choix effectués pour la conception et la réalisation du détecteur NEMO 3, consacré aux études des processus de double désintaégration bêta. Les performances complètes du détecteur sont aussi rappelées, tant en terme d'identification des fonds, que pour l'ensemble des processus bêta bêta, ainsi que les moyens utilisés par la collaboration pour réduire d'un facteur dix le bruit de fond dû à la présence de radon dans le détecteur, le rendant ainsi négligeable. Ce chapitre, correspondant au "Technical Report" de l'expérience NEMO 3, est écrit en anglais et forme un ensemble complet destiné aux collaborateurs de l'expérience NEMO.
Je termine ce mémoire avec le chapitre 4, par une prospective à dix ans sur les futurs projets expérimentaux en physique de la double désintégration bêta, en insistant d'une part sur le projet SuperNEMO et le programme de R&D à réaliser en France au cours des trois prochaines années, et d'autre part sur la comparaison avec les expériences qui me semblent les plus prometteuses, comme GERDA ou CUORE, avec notamment l'étude de l'effet ds éléments de matrice nucléaires sur la mesure de la masse effective du neutrino.
Simard, L. "Etude du bruit de fond provenant du Bismuth 214 et analyse du signal de double désintégration bêta avec une méthode de maximum de vraisemblance dans l'expérience NEMO-3." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435401.
Full textNovati, Valentina. "Sensitivity enhancement of the CUORE experiment via the development of Cherenkov hybrid TeO₂ bolometers." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS412/document.
Full textCUORE is the first tonne-scale experiment searching for the neutrinoless double beta decay with TeO₂ bolometers. The discovery of this nuclear transitionwould have decisive consequences on the present physics scene. The following questions would find an answer: why is matter dominant in the Universe? which is the neutrino mass? has the neutrino a Majorana or a Dirac nature? This work presents two different approaches for the enhancement of the CUORE sensitivity with a view to its upgrade: the CUPID experiment. In the first part, a study of the thermal model describing NTD-based bolometers is presented with the objective to achieve a better comprehension of the response of the CUORE detectors. Bolometers are amazing detectors used for a large number of applications because of their impressive high performance, but their modelisation and simulation is far to be completely understood. Two measurements have been performed for an experimental evaluation of two thermal-model parameters: the glue and the electron-phonon conductances. In the second part, the possibility to detect the tiny Cherenkov light emitted by TeO₂ to reject alpha events — the main background of the CUORE experiment — is studied. The challenge consists in the detection of a 100-eV light signal with a NTD-based light detector that usually is characterised by a baseline noise of the order of 100 eV. This issue is solved with the employment of the Neganov-Trofimov-Luke (NTL) effect to lower the energy threshold of the light detector and improve its signal-to-noise ratio. This effect exploits the presence of an electric field to amplify bolometric thermal signals. The full rejection of the alpha background has been proved with one NTL assisted photo-bolometer coupled to a CUORE-size TeO₂ bolometer. A convincing solution for the alpha background rejection has been demonstrated with a view to the CUPID experiment
Calvez, Steven. "Development of reconstruction tools and sensitivity of the SuperNEMO demonstrator." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS285/document.
Full textSuperNEMO is an experiment looking for the neutrinoless double beta decay in an effort to unveil the Majorana nature of the neutrino. The first module, called the demonstrator, is under construction and commissioning in the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane. Its unique design combines tracking and calorimetry techniques. The demonstrator can study 7 kg of ⁸²Se, shaped in thin source foils. These source foils are surrounded by a wire chamber, thus allowing a 3-dimensional reconstruction of the charged particles tracks. The individual particles energies are then measured by a segmented calorimeter, composed of plastic scintillators coupled with photomultipliers. A magnetic field can be applied to the tracking volume in order to identify the charge of the particles. SuperNEMO is thus able to perform a full reconstruction of the events kinematics and to identify the nature of the particles involved: electrons, positrons, α particles or γ particles. In practice, the particle and event reconstruction relies on a variety of algorithms, implemented in the dedicated SuperNEMO simulation and reconstruction software. The γ reconstruction is particularly challenging since γ particles do not leave tracks in the wire chamber and are only detected by the calorimeter, sometimes multiple times. Several γ reconstruction approaches were explored during this thesis. This work lead to the creation of a new algorithm optimizing the γ reconstruction efficiency and improving the γ energy reconstruction. Other programs allowing the particle identification and performing the topological measurements relevant to an event were also developed. The value of the magnetic field was optimized for the 0νββ decay search, based on Monte-Carlo simulations. The magnetic shieldings performances and their impact on the shape of the magnetic field were estimated with measurements performed on small scale magnetic coils. The SuperNEMO demonstrator is able to measure its own background contamination thanks to dedicated analysis channels. At the end of the first 2.5 years data taking phase, the main backgrounds target activities should be measured accurately. The ⁸²Se 2νββ half-life should be known with a 0.3 % total uncertainty. Unlike other double beta decay experiments relying solely on the two electrons energy sum, SuperNEMO has access to the full events kinematics and thus to more topological information. A multivariate analysis based on Boosted Decision Trees was shown to guarantee at least a 10 % increase of the sensitivity of the 0νββ decay search. After 2.5 years, and if no excess of 0νββ events is observed, the SuperNEMO demonstrator should be able to set a limit on the 0νββ half-life of T > 5.85 10²⁴ y, translating into a limit on the effective Majorana neutrino mass mββ < 0.2 − 0.55 eV. Extrapolating this result to the full-scale SuperNEMO experiment, i.e. 500 kg.y, the sensitivity would be raised to T > 10²⁶ y or mββ < 40 − 110 meV
Lemière, Yves. "Recherche de la violation de conservation du nombre leptonique total par le processus de double désintégration bêta du 82Se et du 150Nd dans l'expérience NEMO3.Étude du processus Bi-Po de la chaîne du thoron." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00385643.
Full textBroudin, Gwenaelle. "Recherche de la double décroissance bêta sans émission de neutrino du 82Se. Analyse des données et modélisation du bruit de fond du détecteur NEMO3." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404363.
Full textHuber, Arnaud. "Recherche de la nature du neutrino avec le détecteur SuperNEMO : simulations optiques pour l'optimisation du calorimètre et performances attendues pour le 82Se." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0682/document.
Full textThe SuperNEMO demonstrator is a next generation experimental device, looking for neutrinoless double beta decay. Like its predecessor NEMO3, the experimental technique employed is based on a combination of a tracker and a calorimeter to identify the electrons from the double beta decay process while allowing the differentiation and identification of the different background components. The SuperNEMO’s demonstrator is currently being installed at the Modane Underground Laboratory and will begin to register data by the end of 2017. The aim is to reach a sensivity greater than 1026 years on the half-life of the 82Se ββ0ν process in the final version of the detector (100 kg of isotopes for a 5 years’ total exposure).This thesis contribution to the SuperNEMO, consisted in studying the energy and time response of the calorimeter optical modules (association of a plastic scintillator and a photomultiplier). To do so, an optical simulation based on the GEANT4 software was developed, which enabled to reproduce and simulate all the optical phenomena inside a scintillator and a photomultiplier: scintillation, Birks attenuation, Cerenkov emission, propagation and photon collection. The outcome and result of this thesis has been to develop high-precision corrective factors on the energy linked, so that the Monte-Carlo’s SuperNEMO is closest to the real data experimental records. These corrections were applied to the demonstrator simulation in order to study the impact on the ββ0ν sensitivity. These optical simulations have also been extended to the modeling of the temporal shape of the calorimeter signals
Broudin, Gwénaëlle. "Recherche de la double décroissance bêta sans émission de neutrino du ⁸²Se : Analyse des données et modélisation du bruit de fond du détecteur NEMO3." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13376.
Full textVALA, Ladislav. "Measurement of the 2\nu\beta\beta decay of ^100Mo to the excited 0^+_1 state in the NEMO3 experiment." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005471.
Full textNones, Claudia. "Identification of surface events in massive bolometers for the search for rare events in the CUORE and EDELWEISS experiments." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112322.
Full textThe present limitation for experiments searching for rare events, such as WIMPs interactions and neutrinoless double beta decay (0vBB), is the radioactive background. In particular, near-surface events are the main problem for very sensitive searches based on the bolometric technique, such as EDELWEISS and CUORE. In this work, two techniques have been studied and developed for the active suppression of the surface background. The first approach, pioneered by the EDELWEISS collaboration, concerns the identification of surface events in Ge bolometers (for Dark Matter search) or TeO2 bolometers (for 0vBB search of 130Te) equipped with NbSi thin film thermometers acting as out-of-equilibrium phonons sensor. The second approach, for the moment applied only to TeO2 bolometers in the framework of the CUORE collaboration, consists in the realization of surface-sensitive composite bolometers in which thin auxiliary detectors act as active shields which reveal and identify surface-generated charge particles. In both cases, even if the physical mechanism is different, pulse shape analysis enables an effective rejection procedure. Finally, a further technique has been analysed which has the potential to recognize alpha particles against gamma or beta interactions. The idea is to realize a scintillating bolometer in which the comparison between the heat and the light signal for the same event allows to reject alpha particles, which emit less light than beta/gamma interactions with the same energy. In particular, the attempt to make TeO2 crystals reasonably good scintillators by proper doping is described and analysed
Pin, Axel. "Recherche de la nature du neutrino via la décroissance double bêta sans émission de neutrinos : Caractérisation et optimisation du calorimètre SuperNEMO et impact sur la recherche de la décroissance du 82Se : Développement du premier prototype LiquidO." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0277.
Full textThe search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (bb0nu) is currently the only known way of determining the nature of the neutrino. The SuperNEMO detector aims to detect this decay, which would prove the neutrino's Majorana nature. It is currently in its commissioning phase at the Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane. Thanks to its unique technology - which combines a calorimeter to measure particles' energies and times of flight, and a tracker to identify particles and reconstruct their trajectories - SuperNEMO aims to reach a sensitivity of 10^26 years (corresponding to an effective neutrino mass of 50 meV) for the bb0nu half-life of 82Se, through V-A light neutrino exchange. This technique also allows a search for new physics mechanisms, and the study of decays to excited states of the daughter nucleus.The work documented in this thesis contributes to improved modelling of the SuperNEMO calorimeter's response, by taking into account nonlinear light-production effects (Birks, Cerenkov), as well as geometrical effects on the photon-collection efficiency of the optical modules (an assembly consisting of a plastic scintillator block and a photomultiplier tube (PMT)) that make up the calorimeter. This study, which is based on a GEANT4 optical simulation, generated correction factors to be used when reconstructing the energy deposited by particles in SuperNEMO's optical modules. In addition, the impact of these corrections on the detector's sensitivity to bb0nu from 82Se to excited states of its daughter nucleus was studied. Using SuperNEMO's initial data, characterisation studies of the calorimeter response were performed, with a focus on the evolution and equalisation of PMT gains.In parallel, R&D work on the LiquidO project was carried out, to study the feasibility of a next-generation double-beta decay experiment using a new opaque liquid scintillator. The first measurements with an electron beam, completed by optical simulations, allowed an initial validation of this new calorimetric approach
Kale, Sayi Kenny. "Study of the cosmic muon-induced background for the theta 13 angle in the Double Chooz neutrino oscillation experiment." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE008.
Full textThe Double Chooz experiment is- a reactor antineutrino disappearance experiment located on the site of the Chooz nuclear power plant in the Ardennes region in France. The principal aim of the experiment is a high precision measurement of the oscillation amplitude sin2 2θ13 of the antineutrinos emitted from the two reactor cores of the Chooz power plant. The robustness and accuracy of this measurement depends strongly on a precise knowledge of the rates and spectral shapes of the backgrounds that contaminate the antineutrinos selection over the neutrino oscillation expected region. We have studied in the present thesis the muon induced background in the Double Chooz experiment. Indeed, cosmic muons crossing the detectors or interacting in the neighborhood constitute the main source of background events encountered in Double Chooz. Two distinct backgrounds analysis are presented in this thesis: fast neutrons (FN) and double capture of neutrons (DnC). Dedicated identification techniques have been developed for each of these backgrounds and, consequently, the associated spectral shapes and rates have been determined. The values obtained in this work serve as inputs in the final fit whence the θ13 value is extracted.The latest measurement released by the Double Chooz collaboration is sin2 2θ13 = 0.119 ± 0.016$