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1
Persson, Johan. "Restricted Region Exact Designs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138614.
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Problem statement: The D-optimal design is often used in clinical research. In multi-factor clinical experiments it is natural to restrict the experiment's design space so as not to give a patient the combination of several high dose treatments simultaneously. Under such design space restrictions it is unknown what designs are D-optimal. The goal of the thesis has been to find D-optimal designs for these design spaces. Approach: Two new algorithms for finding D-optimal designs with one, two or three factors with linear models has been developed and implemented in MATLAB. Two restricted design spaces were explored. In cases when the program could not find the D-optimal design an analytic approach was used. Results: Special attention was given to the two factor model with interaction. All of the D-optimal designs for this model, N less or equal to 30, and their permutations have been listed as well as their continous designs. Conclusion: In one of the restricted design regions a simple design pattern appeared for N greater than or equal to 7. In the other restricted design region no obvious pattern was found but its continuous design could be calculated through analysis. It turned out that the number of trials at the lowest dose combination did not change when moving from the full space design to the restricted design regions.Frågeställning: D-optimala designer är vanliga i kliniska studier. När flera faktorer (läkemedel) prövas samtidigt kan det vara nödvändigt att begränsa försöksrummet så att patienterna undviker att få en hög dos av flera faktorer samtidigt. I sådana begränsade försöksrum är det okänt vilka designer som är D-optimala. Uppsatsens mål har varit att hitta D-optimala designer i begränsade försöksrum. Metod: Två nya algoritmer för att hitta D-optimala designer med en, två eller tre dimensioner och linjära modeller har utvecklats och implementerats i MATLAB. Två begränsade försöksrum har utforskats. I de fall då MATLAB-programmet inte kunde hitta de D-optimala designerna användes analytiska metoder. Resultat: Analys av en tvåfaktormodell med interaktion utforskades särskilt noggrant. Alla D-optimala designer och permutationer av dessa i de båda begränsade försöksrummen har listats för alla N mindre än eller lika med 30, samt även deras kontinuerliga designer. Slutsats: För det ena försöksrummet upptäcktes ett mönster i designen då N är större än eller lika med 7. I det andra försöksrummet upptäcktes inget mönster och det krävdes således analytiska metoder för att finna dess kontinuerliga design. Det visade sig att antalet försök i den lägsta doskombinationen förblev oförändrat då man bytte från det fulla designrummet till de båda begränsade designrummen.
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Fu, Yuen-Wai. "Designs." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500509/.
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Designs is an algorithmic composition for small orchestra. The main compositional process used involves the realization and implementation of various musical algorithms discussed in the book Composition with Pitch-Classes by theorist/composer Robert Morris.
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Fairchild, Kenneth P. "Screening Designs that Minimize Model Dependence." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2747.
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When approaching a new research problem, we often use screening designs to determine which factors are worth exploring in more detail. Before exploring a problem, we don't know which factors are important. When examining a large number of factors, it is likely that only a handful are significant and that even fewer two-factor interactions will be significant. If there are important interactions, it is likely that they are connected with the handful of significant main effects. Since we don't know beforehand which factors are significant, we want to choose a design that gives us the highest probability a priori of being able to estimate all significant main effects with their associated two-factor interactions. This project examines the methodology of finding designs that do not rely on an assumed model. We propose a method of modifying the D-Optimality criteria that averages over models with a common set of main effects and varying subsets of two-factor interations. We also calculate the proportion of the subsets that produce estimable designs. We use these results to find the best models for given run size and number of main effects.
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Qin, Hong. "Construction of uniform designs and usefulness of uniformity in fractional factorial designs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2002. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/456.
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Wei, Feifei. "Optimal intergenotypic competition designs and optimal weighing designs /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148767626101045.
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Zhu, Yuangen. "Robustness of designs and robust optimality of designs /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487844485895554.
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Junior, Luiz Carlos Leal. "Designs esféricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-23022007-092012/.
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Neste trabalho estudaremos subconjuntos especiais da esfera unitária Sm-1 de Rm, m 2, comumente chamados na literatura de designs esféricos. Os objetivos principais são analisar várias equivalências para o conceito, suas conexões com ambos, rotações sobre Sm?1 e mergulhos em esferas de dimensão superior, e resultados sobre a cardinalidade dos designs esféricosIn this work we will study specials subsets of the unitary sphere Sm-1 of Rm, m 2, usually called in literature spherical designs. The main objectives are to analyze many equivalences for the concept, its connections with both, rotations on Sm?1 and embedded in spheres of higher dimension, and results on the cardinality of spherical designs
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Zhu, Tianbao. "Combinatorial designs /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487848891512142.
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Tillapaugh, Jennifer Lynn. "Graduate designs." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3000.
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Ragusa, Giorgio. "Graph designs." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1314.
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Andreou, Christiana. "On a construction for menon designs using affine designs." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/efbf940e-bc4a-408f-bbf6-6fff537d9749.
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Gu, Ning. "Dynamic Designs of Virtual Worlds Using Generative Design Agents." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/984.
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This research aims at developing a different kind of virtual world that is dynamically designed and implemented as needed. Currently, most virtual world designs are considered static. Similar to the physical world, these worlds are pre-defined prior to their use. The resultant environments serve certain purposes but do not take into consideration possible changes to the purposes during their use, changes which often occur when the occupants interact with the environments and with each other. Virtual worlds as networked environments can be flexibly configured and programmed. This flexibility makes it possible to consider virtual world designs in terms of dynamics and autonomy, reflecting the changing needs of different moments. To achieve dynamic designs of virtual worlds, this study applies a computational approach using rational design agents. A Generative Design Agent (GDA) model is developed that specifies computational processes for reasoning and designing in virtual worlds. The GDAs serve as personal design agents to the virtual world occupants. Design formalisms for virtual worlds are also addressed. The design component of a GDA is supported by the application of a generative design grammar. On one hand, generative design grammars serve as the generative force to be applied by the GDAs for virtual world design automation. On the other hand, each grammar defines coherent stylistic characterisations shared by the virtual world designs it generates. The technical outcomes of the research consist of the GDA model and a generative design grammar framework. The framework provides guidelines and strategies to designers for developing generative design grammars that produce different design languages for virtual worlds, rather than predefine every detail of all possible virtual world designs. GDAs monitor the virtual worlds and the various activities that occur in the worlds, interpret the occupants’ needs in the virtual worlds and the state of the worlds based on these observations, hypothesise design goals in order to satisfy these needs, and finally apply generative design grammars to provide virtual world designs for the moment, or initiate other actions in the worlds, according to the current design goals, on behalf of the occupants. The development of the GDA model and the generative design grammar framework provides new perspectives for understanding and developing virtual worlds. The GDA model challenges the conventional way that virtual worlds are designed and implemented, and this leads to dynamic designs of virtual worlds. The generative design grammar framework provides a computational approach to formally defining design languages for virtual worlds.
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Gu, Ning. "Dynamic Designs of Virtual Worlds Using Generative Design Agents." Architecture, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/984.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)This research aims at developing a different kind of virtual world that is dynamically designed and implemented as needed. Currently, most virtual world designs are considered static. Similar to the physical world, these worlds are pre-defined prior to their use. The resultant environments serve certain purposes but do not take into consideration possible changes to the purposes during their use, changes which often occur when the occupants interact with the environments and with each other. Virtual worlds as networked environments can be flexibly configured and programmed. This flexibility makes it possible to consider virtual world designs in terms of dynamics and autonomy, reflecting the changing needs of different moments. To achieve dynamic designs of virtual worlds, this study applies a computational approach using rational design agents. A Generative Design Agent (GDA) model is developed that specifies computational processes for reasoning and designing in virtual worlds. The GDAs serve as personal design agents to the virtual world occupants. Design formalisms for virtual worlds are also addressed. The design component of a GDA is supported by the application of a generative design grammar. On one hand, generative design grammars serve as the generative force to be applied by the GDAs for virtual world design automation. On the other hand, each grammar defines coherent stylistic characterisations shared by the virtual world designs it generates. The technical outcomes of the research consist of the GDA model and a generative design grammar framework. The framework provides guidelines and strategies to designers for developing generative design grammars that produce different design languages for virtual worlds, rather than predefine every detail of all possible virtual world designs. GDAs monitor the virtual worlds and the various activities that occur in the worlds, interpret the occupants’ needs in the virtual worlds and the state of the worlds based on these observations, hypothesise design goals in order to satisfy these needs, and finally apply generative design grammars to provide virtual world designs for the moment, or initiate other actions in the worlds, according to the current design goals, on behalf of the occupants. The development of the GDA model and the generative design grammar framework provides new perspectives for understanding and developing virtual worlds. The GDA model challenges the conventional way that virtual worlds are designed and implemented, and this leads to dynamic designs of virtual worlds. The generative design grammar framework provides a computational approach to formally defining design languages for virtual worlds.
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Pimentel, Ronald Ward 1955. "Consumer preference for logo designs: Visual design and meaning." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282334.
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Logo designs provide a quick visual shorthand for all the meaning, associations, and equity associated with a brand. Virtually all major companies utilize logos, but there is little theory-based research regarding logo design published in marketing and consumer behavior journals. Related research from psychology regarding preference for visual images has generally used special stimuli created for the laboratory that do not carry the meaning that logos acquire in the markerplace and consequently have very limited generalizability. This study seeks to begin to fill the void by examining preference for actual, familiar logo designs. An improved understanding of preference for logo designs can be a great advantage to a company considering a logo design change. The costs involved in such a change can be enormous. Beyond the cost of the services of graphic designers, a change in logo design incurs the cost of changing everything that displays the logo, and any lost sales that may result if the new design is ineffective in some way. The equity of the brand may be connected to the logo design, so a change in the design of the logo may have long-term implications. Many logos have evolved over the years through successive changes to keep the designs from becoming outdated. This study examined theoretical bases for such activity. According to adaptation-level theory (McClelland et al. 1953), individuals become adapted to an object or image due to experience with it. Slight changes to this adaptation level result in increased preference while drastic changes result in decreased preference. These effects are represented by the distinctive butterfly curve. The current study developed a technique that allows for differentiation of visual designs, indicating the degree of change. This was used to test whether adaptation-level theory applies to familiar logo designs. The results indicate a general preference for no changes in familiar logo designs. While practitioners make changes in logo designs that are consistent with adaptation-level theory, it appears that consumers react instead, in accordance with social judgment theory--they tolerate rather than prefer the changes.
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Bauman, Shane. "The Existence of Balanced Tournament Designs and Partitioned Balanced Tournament Designs." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1178.
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A balanced tournament design of order n, BTD(n), defined on a 2n-set V, is an arrangement of the all of the (2n2) distinct unordered pairs of elements of V into an n X (2n - 1) array such that (1) every element of V occurs exactly once in each column and (2) every element of V occurs at most twice in each row. We will show that there exists a BTD(n) for n a positive integer, n not equal to 2. For n = 2, a BTD (n) does not exist. If the BTD(n) has the additional property that it is possible to permute the columns of the array such that for every row, all the elements of V appear exactly once in the first n pairs of that row and exactly once in the last n pairs of that row then we call the design a partitioned balanced tournament design, PBTD(n). We will show that there exists a PBTD (n) for n a positive integer, n is greater than and equal to 5, except possibly for n an element of the set {9,11,15}. For n less than and equal to 4 a PBTD(n) does not exist.
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Wang, Li. "Recommendations for Design Parameters for Central Composite Designs with Restricted Randomization." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28794.
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In response surface methodology, the central composite design is the most popular choice for
fitting a second order model. The choice of the distance for the axial runs, alpha, in a central
composite design is very crucial to the performance of the design. In the literature, there are
plenty of discussions and recommendations for the choice of alpha, among which a rotatable alpha
and an orthogonal blocking alpha receive the greatest attention. Box and Hunter (1957) discuss
and calculate the values for alpha that achieve rotatability, which is a way to stabilize prediction
variance of the design. They also give the values for alpha that make the design orthogonally
blocked, where the estimates of the model coefficients remain the same even when the block
effects are added to the model. In the last ten years, people have begun to realize the
importance of a split-plot structure in industrial experiments. Constructing response surface
designs with a split-plot structure is a hot research area now. In this dissertation, Box and
Hunters' choice of alpha for rotatablity and orthogonal blocking is extended to central composite
designs with a split-plot structure. By assigning different values to the axial run distances
of the whole plot factors and the subplot factors, we propose two-strata rotatable splitplot
central composite designs and orthogonally blocked split-plot central composite designs.
Since the construction of the two-strata rotatable split-plot central composite design involves
an unknown variance components ratio d, we further study the robustness of the two-strata
rotatability on d through simulation. Our goal is to provide practical recommendations for
the value of the design parameter alpha based on the philosophy of traditional response surface
methodology.Ph. D.
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Wirth, Wolfram. "Konstruktion symmetrischer Designs." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://ArchiMeD.uni-mainz.de/pub/2000/0112/diss.pdf.
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Cheng, Chi Ho. "RFID antenna designs /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202007%20CHENG.
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Montecalvo, Federico. "General covering designs." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610945.
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Davies, D. H. "Automorphisms of designs." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304043.
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Perera, Attanayake A. D. A. J. "Cost effective designs." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7085.
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Different cost effective design methods have been developed to reduce the cost of buildings, of which structural optimum design methods and cost effective designs methods using estimating data, are the most common. However, there is no record of the use of cost effective design methods in practice. Consequently, potential benefits of such methods remain untapped. This research evaluated the cost savings through cost effective design methods, identified difficulties involved in their use and examined favourable conditions for the implementation of such methods in design practice. The research aimed at investigating whether or not the opinion among practising designers, (structural engineers and architects) that "cost benefits through cost effective designs are insignificant and methods are not practical" is justified. Previous researchers have developed cost effective design methods, but very little has been done to change the opinion of building designers regarding these methods. A proper evaluation of cost effective design methods and a study of the design process are therefore necessary to gain the attention of designers in practice. The opinion among practising designers is that cost savings through optimum methods are less than 10% of elemental cost and 1% of total building cost. The analysis of cost savings of 22 historical buildings have shown that this is not the case. Optimum design methods using the computer to find the minimum cost from a set of feasible designs were developed for reinforced concrete elements; slabs, beams, columns and independent footing foundations. These optimum methods were applied to the design of 22 historical buildings. More than 10% of elemental cost savings were observed. 2.91% of total building cost can be saved using optimum methods for design of reinforced concrete elements, which is more than 45% of the total design fee of a building. The study proved that for a given building, probabilities of total building cost saving exceeding 1%, 2% and 3% are 0.96, 0.79 and 0.47 respectively. Design and build contracts provide not only a facility but also an incentive, to designers to use cost effective design methods. On the contrary, percentage fee contracts act as a disincentive. Therefore, the legal procedures in design practice, may sometimes serve as obstacles for the use of cost effective design methods. Furthermore, current design practice lacks motivating factors to designers to use cost effective design methods. Therefore building construction industry may need to pay additional fee to get benefits from cost effective design methods.
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Ipinyomi, R. A. "Equineighboured experimental designs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356525.
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Estolano, Marcial Perez. "Split plot designs." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9835.
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Kim, Jeongjin. "Mandatory representation designs /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487776210795313.
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Liang, Mo. "A new class of designs and singly or doubly equivalent designs." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ53064.pdf.
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Schubert, David Alan. "An Instructional Designer Competency Framework for Complex Learning Designs." Diss., NSUWorks, 2019. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/1085.
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Learning design competency frameworks published by professional organizations, exist for typical instructional design efforts. However, a review of literature revealed a lack of frameworks available for the creation of complex learning designs (CLDs). The goal of this research was to develop a competency framework for the creation of CLDs. Quantitative and qualitative methods were employed in the four phases of the design and development research approach In phase one, a survey based on the Educational Technology Multimedia Competency Survey (ETMCS) was sent to instructional designers who self-reported as having experience creating CLDs. The purpose of phase one was to identify competencies that instructional designers felt were most important to the creation of complex, technology-mediated learning designs.
The preliminary CLD framework was constructed during phase two, based on analysis of the ETMCS survey results. Measures of central tendency were used to identify competencies considered essential and desirable. Additionally, competencies were categorized into seven domains In phase three, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subset of survey participants. The purpose was to gain deeper insight into the participant’s perception of the design complexities involved with each of the competencies included in the preliminary framework. In phase four, the preliminary framework was internally validated using an expert panel employing the Delphi method to build consensus. Three rounds were required to achieve consensus on all competencies within the framework. This consensus resulted in 79 competencies including 30 essential and 49 desirable competencies from the set identified as the preliminary framework during phase two.
Several conclusions emerged from the creation of this framework. Though technology is often a trigger for many types of CLDs, specific technologies are certainly desirable, but not essential. The research also revealed that communication and collaboration competencies are almost universally essential due to the complexity of the designs which typically necessitates the formation of multi-discipline teams. Without these competencies, the team’s cross-profession effectiveness is often hindered due to differences in terminology, processes, and team member geographic location.
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Malburg, Jan [Verfasser]. "Feature Localization and Design Understanding for Hardware Designs / Jan Malburg." Aachen : Shaker, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1094396206/34.
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Gamachchige, Nirosh Tharaka Sandakelum Gangoda. "Double-Change Covering Designs with Block Size k = 4." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1423.
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A double-change covering design (dccd) is an ordered set of blocks with block size k is an ordered collection of b blocks, B = {B1,B2, · · · ,Bb}, each an unordered subset of k distinct elements from [v] = {1, 2, · · · , v}, which obey: (1) each block differs from the previous block by two elements, and, (2) every unordered pair of [v] appears in at least one block. The object is to minimize b for a fixed v and k. Tight designs are those in which each pair is covered exactly once. We present constructions of tight dccd’s for arbitrary v when k = 2 and minimal constructions for v <= 20 when k = 4. A general, but not minimal, method is presented to construct circular dccd for arbitrary v when k = 4.
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Jin, Bo. "Optimal Designs with Limited Resources." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29730.
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In this dissertation we present new results regarding optimality of block designs with limited resources. The dissertation is organized as follows. The first chapter outlines the theory of optimal block design. The second chapter shows new work in optimal minimally connected block designs with spatial correlation structure. The third chapter details the discovery of the optimal incomplete designs with two blocks. The fourth chapter does the same for the optimal binary incomplete designs with three blocks. The fifth chapter summarizes the techniques used and new results found and lists possible future research topics.Ph. D.
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Huber, Michael. "Klassifikationen fahnentransitiver Steiner Designs." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963197363.
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Bluskov, Iliya. "New designs and coverings." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq24295.pdf.
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Powlesland, Tracy Louise. "Designs with weight assessment." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243544.
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O'Reilly, Regueiro Eugenia. "Flag-transitive symmetric designs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401667.
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Horne, Richard Brian Denison. "On point-weighted designs." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243571.
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A point-weighted structure is an incidence structure with each point assigned an element of some set W C Z+ as a 'weight'. A point-weighted structure with no repeated blocks and the property that the sum of the weights of the points incident with anyone block is a constant k is called a point-weighted design. A t - (v, k, Aj W) point-weighted design is such a structure with the sum of the weights of all the points equal to v and the property that every set of t distinct points is incident with exactly A blocks. This thesis introduces and examines this generalisation of block designs. The first chapter introduces incidence structures and designs. Chapter 2 introduces and defines point-weighted designs. Three constructions of families of t - (v, k, Aj W) point-weighted designs are given. Associated with any point-weighted design is the incidence structure on which it is based - the 'underlying' incidence structure (u.i.s.). It is shown in Chapter 3 that any automorphism of the u.i.s. of a t - (v, k, Aj W) point-weighted design with more than one block and t > 1 preserves weights in the point-weighted design. The u.i.s. of such a point-weighted design is shown to be a block design if and only if every point is assigned the same weight. A necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the assignment of weights in any point-weighted design to be essentially uniquely determined by the u.i.s. Chapter 4 considers t-{v, k, Aj W) point-weighted designs in which all of the points apart from a 'special' point have the same weight. It is shown that when v > k the weight of the special point is an integer multiple of the weight assigned to all the other points. A class of these point-weighted designs is demonstrated to be equivalent to a class of group-divisible designs with specific parameters. The final chapter uses the procedure of point-complementing incidence structures to construct point-weighted designs. Trivial point-weighted designs are defined and a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a member of a certain class of these is obtained. A correspondence between this class of point-weighted designs and certain trivial block designs is given using point-complementing.
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Trinca, Luzia A. "Blocking response surface designs." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308028.
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Fletcher, D. J. "Factorial change-over designs." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304315.
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Narayani, Lakshmi V. R. "Composition codes and designs /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779120907614.
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Mohácsy, Hedvig. "Candelabra systems and designs /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487953567769474.
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Cheung, Chak-Chung Ray. "Customisable arithmetic hardware designs." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11976.
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Khadka, Ranjan. "Custom T-Shirt Designs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/602.
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Custom T-shirt Designs is a web-based application. The purpose of this project is to provide a website that would allow customers to be able to customize T-shirt and place an order of custom T-shirt. Customers can sign up, sign in, select T-shirt color, add text, choose Font, choose Font color, upload an image, apply filters to images, transform text or images, choose T-shirt size and save designs for future references. Customers would be able to add the design to a cart, manage cart and checkout with their credit card to purchase for the order and view their previous orders. The project focuses on object-oriented programming paradigm using PHP framework Laravel along with JavaScript, CSS, and HTML, Bootstrap and jQuery. Custom T-shirt Designs application uses Model-view-controller architecture. Stripe API is used to handle the credit card payments tokens providing a secure way for customers to purchase a T-shirt. Google SMTP is used to send confirmation of purchase order to administrator and customer. The project implements AJAX technology to send and receive parts of data from the server asynchronously making Custom T-shirt Designs a fast and efficient real-time web application.
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Hamblin, Graham. "Practical designs for DNA nanostructures: balancing minimal design and structural complexity." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123134.
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Self-assembled nanostructures provide an exciting opportunity to generate new materials with molecular resolution, and in a massively parallel fashion. Nanomaterials often display unique properties relative to their bulk analogues, giving them attractive potential in fields like electronics, photonics, structural biology, and therapeutics. DNA, beyond its role in genetics, is also one of the best self-assembling molecules known. It uses specific base-pairing interactions to come together into a well-defined, rigid double helix. We can therefore predict exactly how two different strands of DNA will interact in solution with impressive accuracy. DNA nanotechnology applies this ability to the generation of complex nanostructures using DNA as a building material. One of the key challenges facing DNA nanotechnology is to find a practical balance between structural complexity and ease of synthesis. This thesis develops simplified methods to build and control DNA nanostructures, in an effort to make them more practical and viable for future applications. Conceptually, this research can be divided into three main parts. First, a method to build discrete 3D prisms from a minimal number of components is developed. These structures incorporate new strand connectivity and a balance of symmetric and unique sequence to generate a library of well-defined geometries from a minimal amount of DNA. Second, DNA nanotubes are generated using a long, continuous, enzymatically produced backbone strand, and from a simplified set of component strands. Together, these methods provide templated length, enhanced stability in biological settings, efficient cellular penetration, and the ability to generate long linear patterns of various cargo molecules using a DNA-minimal approach. Third, a method to produce monodisperse DNA strands with user-defined patterns of sequence domains is developed. Using temporal control and in situ ligation, complex patterns can be generated and amplified from a small number of building blocks, and used as template strands in the construction of DNA nanostructures. Together, the concepts developed in this work can be used to make functional DNA nanostructures in a practical manner, with an emphasis on reducing synthetic effort while retaining structural complexity.Les structures auto-assemblées offrent une excellente occasion de créer de nouveaux matériaux disposant d'une résolution moléculaire et d'un procédé de fabrication massivement parallèle. Les nanomatériaux présentent souvent des propriétés uniques lorsque comparés à leur analogues de plus grande échelle ce qui leur confère un potentiel attrayant dans des domaines tels que l'électronique, la photonique, la biologie structurale et le développement de produits thérapeutiques. L'ADN, au-delà de son rôle en génétique, est aussi l'une des meilleures molécules auto-assemblantes connues. Les liaisons spécifiques entre les bases de l'ADN permettent la formation d'une double hélice rigide et bien définie. Nous pouvons donc prédire exactement la façon dont deux brins différents d'ADN vont interagir en solution et ce, avec une impressionnante exactitude. La nanotechnologie en ADN se sert cette propriété afin de générer des nanostructures complexes qui utilisent l'ADN en tant que matériau de construction. L'un des principaux défis auxquels la nanotechnologie en ADN doit faire face est de trouver une balance fonctionnelle entre la complexité structurale et la facilité de synthèse. Cette thèse présente des procédés simplifiés pour construire et contrôler des nanostructures en ADN dans le but de les rendre plus pratiques et viables en vue d'applications futures. Conceptuellement, cette recherche peut être divisée en trois parties principales. En premier lieu, une méthode pour construire des prismes tridimensionnels distincts à partir d'un nombre minimal de composantes est élaborée. Ces structures intègrent de nouvelles connectivités entre les brins, de même qu'une balance entre la symétrie et l'unicité des séquences utilisées, afin de créer un ensemble de géométries bien définies à partir d'une quantité minimale d'ADN. En second lieu, des nanotubes d'ADN sont générés en utilisant une longue séquence continue d'ADN produite de façon enzymatique en tant que squelette, ainsi qu'un ensemble simplifié de brins constitutifs. Collectivement, ces procédures assurent l'obtention de nanotubes possédant une longueur contrôlée au moyen de séquences utilisées en tant que gabarits, une stabilité accrue dans des milieux biologiques, une pénétration cellulaire efficace et permettent d'introduire de longs motifs linéaires lors de l'arrangement de molécules cargo, tout en profitant d'une approche minimale en ADN. En troisième lieu, un procédé produisant des séquences d'ADN monodisperses qui comprennent des domaines de séquences avec des motifs définis par l'utilisateur est décrit. En se servant d'un contrôle temporel et d'un protocole de ligation in situ, des motifs complexes peuvent être générés et amplifiés à partir d'un nombre minimal de composantes pour ensuite être utilisés en tant que brins-gabarit dans la construction de nanostructures d'ADN. Collectivement, les concepts développés dans cette thèse peuvent être exploités afin de fabriquer des nanostructures d'ADN fonctionnelles de manière pratique avec une emphase mise sur la réduction de l'effort synthétique et la conservation de la complexité structurale.
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Vernier, Michelle. "Design i cirklar : En studie i cirkulär designs inverkan på klädindustrin." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Modevetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-167268.
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Rahman, Mohammad Lutfor. "Bayesian analysis of multi-stratum designs and probability-based optimal designs with separation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2015. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/9106.
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Industrial experimental design is an important area under design of experiments and factorial design hold a rm place in industrial experiments. The generalization of factorial designs results in split-plot type designs when complete randomization of runs is not possible. More speci cally, hard-to-set factors lead naturally to split-plot type designs and mixed models. Mixed models are used to analyze multi-stratum designs as each stratum may have a random e ect on the responses. The study of random e ects in mixed models might be di cult using likelihood methods because of small number of groups or whole plots in multi-stratum and split-plot designs. Also, zero estimates of variance components could be due to estimating multiple variance components in a hierarchical model. Therefore, likelihood-based inference is often unreliable with the variance components being particularly di cult to estimate for small samples. A Bayesian method considering some noninformative or weakly informative priors for variance components could be a useful tool to solve the problem. Fuel economy experiments, conducted by Shell Global Solutions UK, fall under small sample trap during variance components estimation. Using SAS procedure MIXED, experimenters estimated the variance components to be zero which were unrealistic. Also, the experimenters were unsure about the parameter estimates obtained by likelihood method from linear mixed models. Therefore, we looked for an alternative to compare and found the Bayesian platform to be appropriate. Bayesian methods assuming some non-informative and weakly informative priors enable us to compare the parameter estimates and the variance components. Pro le likelihood and bootstrap based methods veri ed that Bayesian point and interval estimates are not absurd. Also, simulation studies have assessed the quality of likelihood and Bayesian estimates in this study. A polypropylene experiment was conducted by four Belgian automobile industries to look for economical plasma treatments which lead to a good adhesion to various coatings. The e ects of several additives were also studied in addition to the plasma treatments. The likelihood-based estimates were not reliable completely due to the existence of moderate number of whole-plots. Also, some of the variance components due to batch were zero for some coatings. Assuming noninformative priors for xed e ects and some weakly informative priors for variance components we have obtained more sensible estimates of variance components which were inestimable or poorly estimated by the likelihood-based method using SAS procedure GLIMMIX. In this study, the Bayesian methods appeared to give comparable results with classical methods. One response variable in the polypropylene experiment was categorical which was converted to binary to see the e ects of additives on the outcome of interest. Unfortunately for binary responses we failed to obtain estimates of the logistic parameters for some of the coatings as the system did not converge. One of the reasons for this was due to having the separation problem in the data. When one or more explanatory variables completely separate the responses, the problem is known as separation. This problem causes the non-existence of likelihood estimates of logistic regression parameters. We have done some novel methodological works on the separation issue to minimize the problem in the light of optimal design techniques. Though the information based D-optimality criterion is widely used in practice, it fails to handle the separation problem appropriately. We have proposed new probability-based optimality criteria to handle the separation problem at the design stage of a study. Our proposed criteria Ps- and DPs- might be worthwhile to take into account reduction of the separation problem. However, Ps-criterion alone is not suitable to deal with separation problem as it produces worse designs in terms of precision of the parameter estimates, i.e. with respect to D-optimality. On the other hand the compound DPs-criterion makes a balance between D- and Ps-optimality and produces better designs. To make designs less sensitive to parameter misspeci cation, pseudo-Bayesian design criterion DPSB- has been proposed. Simulation studies have veri ed that Bayesian designs perform better than non-Bayesian designs by providing less bias, less median squared errors and above all less probability of separation. Thus, newly devised Bayesian and non-Bayesian design criteria could be useful in practice to control separation problem at the design stage of a study.
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Xie, Minyu. "Some optimalities of uniform designs and projection uniform designs under multi-factor models." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1998. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/245.
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Bradley, Hugh D. "Aggregate process planning and manufacturing assessment for concurrent engineering." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4719/.
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The introduction of concurrent engineering has led to a need to perform product development tasks with reduced information detail. Decisions taken during the early design stages will have the greatest influence on the cost of manufacture. The manufacturing requirements for alternative design options should therefore be considered at this time. Existing tools for product manufacture assessment are either too detailed, requiring the results of detailed design information, or too abstract, unable to consider small changes in design configuration. There is a need for an intermediate level of assessment which will make use of additional design detail where available, whilst allowing assessment of early designs. This thesis develops the concept of aggregate process planning as a methodology for supporting concurrent engineering. A methodology for performing aggregate process planning of early product designs is presented. Process and resources alternatives are identified for each feature of the component and production plans are generated from these options. Alternative production plans are assessed in terms of cost, quality and production time. A computer based system (CESS, Concurrent Engineering Support System) has been developed to implement the proposed methodology. The system employs object oriented modelling techniques to represent designs, manufacturing resources and process planning knowledge. A product model suitable for the representation of component designs at varying levels of detail is presented. An aggregate process planning functionality has been developed to allow the generation of sets of alternative plans for a component in a given factory. Manufacturing cost is calculated from the cost of processing, set-ups, transport, material and quality. Processing times are calculated using process specific methods which are based on standard cutting data. Process quality cost is estimated from a statistical analysis of historical SPC data stored for similar operations performed in the factory, where available. The aggregate process planning functionality has been tested with example component designs drawn from industry.
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Ke, Xiao. "On the construction of uniform designs and the uniformity property of fractional factorial designs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/785.
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Uniform design has found successful applications in manufacturing, system engineering, pharmaceutics and natural sciences since it appeared in 1980's. Recently, research related to uniform design is emerging. Discussions are mainly focusing on the construction and the theoretical properties of uniform design. On one hand, new construction methods can help researchers to search for uniform designs in more efficient and effective ways. On the other hand, since uniformity has been accepted as an essential criterion for comparing fractional factorial designs, it is interesting to explore its relationship with other criteria, such as aberration, orthogonality, confounding, etc. The first goal of this thesis is to propose new uniform design construction methods and recommend designs with good uniformity. A novel stochastic heuristic technique, the adjusted threshold accepting algorithm, is proposed for searching uniform designs. This algorithm has successfully generated a number of uniform designs, which outperforms the existing uniform design tables in the website https://uic.edu.hk/~isci/UniformDesign/UD%20Tables.html. In addition, designs with good uniformity are recommended for screening either qualitative or quantitative factors via a comprehensive study of symmetric orthogonal designs with 27 runs, 3 levels and 13 factors. These designs are also outstanding under other traditional criteria. The second goal of this thesis is to give an in-depth study of the uniformity property of fractional factorial designs. Close connections between different criteria and lower bounds of the average uniformity have been revealed, which can be used as benchmarks for selecting the best designs. Moreover, we find non-isomorphic designs have different combinatorial and geometric properties in their projected and level permutated designs. Two new non-isomorphic detection methods are proposed and utilized for classifying fractional factorial designs. The new methods take advantages over the existing ones in terms of computation efficiency and classification capability. Finally, the relationship between uniformity and isomorphism of fractional factorial designs has been discussed in detail. We find isomorphic designs may have different geometric structure and propose a new isomorphic identification method. This method significantly reduces the computational complexity of the procedure. A new uniformity criterion, the uniformity pattern, is proposed to evaluate the overall uniformity performance of an isomorphic design set.
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Tang, Yu. "Combinatorial properties of uniform designs and their applications in the constructions of low-discrepancy designs." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2005. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/595.
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Merchant, Eric. "Structural properties of Hadamard designs /." view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://www.lib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3181114.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-59). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Grafström, Anton. "On unequal probability sampling designs." Umeå : Department of Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, Umeå University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33701.
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Grafström, Anton. "On unequal probability sampling designs." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-33701.
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The main objective in sampling is to select a sample from a population in order to estimate some unknown population parameter, usually a total or a mean of some interesting variable. When the units in the population do not have the same probability of being included in a sample, it is called unequal probability sampling. The inclusion probabilities are usually chosen to be proportional to some auxiliary variable that is known for all units in the population. When unequal probability sampling is applicable, it generally gives much better estimates than sampling with equal probabilities. This thesis consists of six papers that treat unequal probability sampling from a finite population of units. A random sample is selected according to some specified random mechanism called the sampling design. For unequal probability sampling there exist many different sampling designs. The choice of sampling design is important since it determines the properties of the estimator that is used. The main focus of this thesis is on evaluating and comparing different designs. Often it is preferable to select samples of a fixed size and hence the focus is on such designs. It is also important that a design has a simple and efficient implementation in order to be used in practice by statisticians. Some effort has been made to improve the implementation of some designs. In Paper II, two new implementations are presented for the Sampford design. In general a sampling design should also have a high level of randomization. A measure of the level of randomization is entropy. In Paper IV, eight designs are compared with respect to their entropy. A design called adjusted conditional Poisson has maximum entropy, but it is shown that several other designs are very close in terms of entropy. A specific situation called real time sampling is treated in Paper III, where a new design called correlated Poisson sampling is evaluated. In real time sampling the units pass the sampler one by one. Since each unit only passes once, the sampler must directly decide for each unit whether or not it should be sampled. The correlated Poisson design is shown to have much better properties than traditional methods such as Poisson sampling and systematic sampling.