Journal articles on the topic 'Designerly knowing'
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McDonagh, Deana. "Designerly Ways of Knowing by Nigel Cross." Design Journal 11, no. 2 (September 2008): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175630608x329262.
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Chon, Harah, and Joselyn Sim. "From design thinking to design knowing: An educational perspective." Art, Design & Communication in Higher Education 18, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/adch_00006_1.
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The process of design explicates the procedural knowledge of design activities, shifting theoretical conceptions across practical dimensions. Design thinking, as a creative and innovative methodology, has been established as a designerly process for non-designers to address complex problems. This article reviews the implications of introducing the design thinking methodology as a pedagogical approach in design education at LASALLE College of the Arts in Singapore, generating new knowledge to inform the research spaces of design practice and theory. Using the design thinking methodology as a sound framework to facilitate risk-taking decisions in design research and practice, students from the design specialisms of Design Communication, Product Design and Interior Design were inducted into an interdisciplinary project. The perspectives and insights arising from the collaborative, design thinking methodology are extracted, analysed and adapted to form a framework to illustrate the non-linear, circular structures of knowledge generation from theory (designerly knowing) to practice (design thinking) and research (design knowing).
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Cross, Nigel. "Designerly Ways of Knowing: Design Discipline Versus Design Science." Design Issues 17, no. 3 (July 2001): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/074793601750357196.
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Heylighen, Ann, and Jasmien Herssens. "Designerly Ways of Not Knowing: What Designers Can Learn about Space from People Who are Blind." Journal of Urban Design 19, no. 3 (March 10, 2014): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2014.890042.
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Henriksen, Danah. "EXPANDING THE PARADIGM: BRINGING DESIGNERLY PERSPECTIVES INTO CREATIVITY SCHOLARSHIP." Creativity Studies 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 15–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2019.6757.
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Designerly ways of knowing have significant untapped potential to inform creativity research. In this article, I draw upon in-depth interviews with expert design scholars to examine this connection. Thematic analysis reveals how design offers potential lenses on creativity that are not often taken up in dominant psychological discourses around creativity. I situate this by framing the need for design-based knowledge within creativity literature. The findings reflect a view of creativity involving perception, intuition, and ability to re-see the world; creativity as an action-orientated phenomenon; and a focus on the ethics of creativity in an increasingly technology-empowered society. In exploring scholarly definitions of and views about creativity, there are insights on how design offers distinctive viewpoints for paradigms around creativity.
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Van der Velde, Rene, Michiel Pouderoijen, Janneke Van Bergen, Inge Bobbink, Frits Van Loon, Denise Piccinini, and Daniel Jauslin. "Building with landscape." Research in Urbanism Series 7 (February 18, 2021): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/rius.7.131.
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The multi-dimensionality of BwN calls for the incorporation of ‘designerly ways of knowing and doing’ from other fields involved in this new trans-disciplinary approach. The transition out of a focus on rational design paradigms towards reflective design paradigms such as those employed in the spatial design disciplines may be a first step in this process. By extension, the knowledge base and design methodologies of BwN may be critically expanded by drawing on ways of knowing and doing in spatial design disciplines such as landscape architecture, which elaborates the agency of the term ‘landscape’ as counterpart to the term ‘nature’. Operative perspectives and related methodologies in this discipline such as perception, anamnesis, multi-scalar thinking, and process design resonate with specific themes in the BwN approach such as design of/with natural processes, integration of functions or layers in the territory and the connection of engineering works to human-social contexts. A series of installations realised for the Oerol festival on the island of Terschelling between 2011 and 2018 serve as case studies to elaborate potential transfers and thematic elaborations towards BwN. In these projects inter-disciplinary teams of students, researchers and lecturers developed temporary landscape installations in a coastal landscape setting. Themes emerging from these project include ‘mapping coastal landscapes as complex natures’, ‘mapping as design-generative device’, ‘crowd-mapping’, ‘people-place relationships’, ‘co-creation’, ‘narrating coastal landscapes’, ‘public interaction’ and ‘aesthetic experience’. Specific aspects of these themes relevant to the knowledge base and methodologies of BwN, include integration of sites and their contexts through descriptive and projective mappings, understanding the various spatial and temporal scales of a territory as complex natures, and the integration of collective narratives and aesthetic experiences of coastal infrastructures in the design process, via reflective dialogues.
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Stein, Jesse Adams. "Hidden Between Craft and Industry: Engineering Patternmakers’ Design Knowledge." Journal of Design History 32, no. 3 (March 30, 2019): 280–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/epz012.
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Abstract Craft is currently experiencing an academic and popular revival, as evidenced by increasing interest in ‘makers’ and artisanal practices, both within and beyond design history. Yet, in this moment of craft’s resurgence, some aspects are regularly overlooked. Industrial craft in manufacturing, for instance, is a field ripe for closer analysis. Engineering patternmaking is an industrial craft that remains almost invisible in design history, despite the design-related nature of patternmaking, and its centrality to many industrial manufacturing processes. Drawing on oral histories with Australian patternmakers, this article emphasizes that patternmaking is both a manual and intellectual practice that requires thorough knowledge of drawing, materials, geometry, three-dimensional visuality and manufacturing processes planning. Accordingly, I argue that patternmakers possess and enact a specific type of design knowledge, a form of expertise that has thus far been undervalued in both design and craft histories. Making use of Nigel Cross’ influential theorization of ‘designerly ways of knowing’, this article explores the connections and divergences between design and patternmaking knowledge sets, reminding us that the making of manufactured objects is deeply collaborative across professional and class formations. In doing so, I highlight the significance of industrial craft knowledge in the actualization of design. This example has broader historical implications for how design history frames and values the knowledge, skills and influence of those engaged in industrial production.
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Neubauer, Ruth, Erik Bohemia, and Kerry Harman. "Rethinking Design: From the Methodology of Innovation to the Object of Design." Design Issues 36, no. 2 (April 2020): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00587.
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The design literature theorizes design as the methodology of innovation, supposedly required for mediating the world’s separate entities, such as theory and practice, the human and the material, and subjective and objective knowing, coming “naturally” with the designer’s ways of knowing. But instead of taking such naturalizations for granted, we argue that through such positioning of design the specifics of design activity are obscured, along with the locations designers take within them. We propose that “design as a methodology” is an object produced by design. Investigating this object of design, and how it is made, will make visible what design activity is, and what locations the designers take within them.
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Koppen, Eva, and Christoph Meinel. "Knowing People: The Empathetic Designer." Design Philosophy Papers 10, no. 1 (May 2012): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/089279312x13968781797553.
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Weinhold, Marcia Weller. "Designer Functions: Power Tools for Teaching Mathematics." Mathematics Teacher 102, no. 1 (August 2008): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.102.1.0028.
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What would you do if you had only one semester to help prospective teachers understand all you had learned from teaching high school mathematics for seventeen years and from researching how students learn mathematics? I want prospective teachers to see the difference between knowing how to do mathematics and knowing how to teach mathematics. I want to show that what is important is what students do; what the teacher does must be in the background. On the other hand, these preservice teachers' major concern is that they have not studied high school mathematics since they themselves were in high school. In addition, they usually are able to use technology to do mathematics but have little experience using technology to teach mathematics.
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Weinhold, Marcia Weller. "Designer Functions: Power Tools for Teaching Mathematics." Mathematics Teacher 102, no. 1 (August 2008): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.102.1.0028.
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What would you do if you had only one semester to help prospective teachers understand all you had learned from teaching high school mathematics for seventeen years and from researching how students learn mathematics? I want prospective teachers to see the difference between knowing how to do mathematics and knowing how to teach mathematics. I want to show that what is important is what students do; what the teacher does must be in the background. On the other hand, these preservice teachers' major concern is that they have not studied high school mathematics since they themselves were in high school. In addition, they usually are able to use technology to do mathematics but have little experience using technology to teach mathematics.
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Vermol, Verly Veto, Shahriman Zainal Abidin, Rusmadiah Anwar, and Oskar Hasdinor Hassan. "Designer Activity Experience: Blind User-Designer Activity Model in Knowing Product Influence Through Blind User Perspective." Advanced Science Letters 23, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 10815–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.10160.
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Gullickson, Terri, and Pamela Ramser. "Review of Children Designers: Interdisciplinary Constructions for Learning and Knowing Mathematics in a Computer-Rich School." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 38, no. 11 (November 1993): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/032828.
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Woelfel, Christian, Jens Krzywinski, and Frank Drechsel. "Knowing, reasoning and visualizing in industrial design." Knowledge Engineering Review 28, no. 3 (July 26, 2013): 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888913000258.
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AbstractIndustrial design processes can be described as human design problem solving, incorporating the acquisition, evaluation, production and transfer of specific knowledge. In this paper, we will describe the connection and interaction between visualization and reasoning during different stages of the design process. Thereby we focus on three early stages of this process: clarifying the task, concepting and designing an overall solution.This paper provides a rather general description of design processes and more detailed remarks on design knowledge and design actions. It specifically focuses on design concepts as visual key elements in industrial design processes. We will address the importance of externalization and visualization as means for thinking and knowledge generation and transfer in industrial design in general.The design process is described as an interplay of the parallel and iterative developments of three domains: knowledge, concept and design. In contrast to linear schemes, this paper proposes a design process scheme focusing on iterative circles and parallel processing possibilities. Industrial design knowledge will be described and compared to relevant knowledge in other disciplines, in particular, engineering design knowledge. We will describe the strong link between the designer's individual biographies, design knowledge and the outcome of design processes.Design concepts will be discussed as extremely compact representations of core characteristics of the artifacts to be designed, serving as a guide to the design process.Design actions as described in this paper are characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of thought and externalization processes. Different kinds of visualization are discussed in regard of their role in reasoning during industrial design processes.This paper concludes by sketching two perspectives. One addresses the need for interdisciplinary research on new visualization tools with regard to human reasoning in design processes. The second one gives an impression of how visualization tools and methods of industrial design can supplement other disciplines.
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Forlano, Laura, and Stephanie Smith. "Critique as Collaboration in Design Anthropology." Journal of Business Anthropology 7, no. 2 (November 12, 2018): 279–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/jba.v7i2.5607.
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Design anthropology is an emerging field at the intersection of design and anthropology with a distinct style of knowing. This paper argues that in order to create transdisciplinary practices around collaboration for design anthropology, the field must understand existing practices of critique in the field of design. Based on a two-year National Science Foundation funded study of collaboration with designers and design educators in four countries, this article describes the culture of critique that underpins the collaborative practices of designers. In particular, designers often participate in a studio-based culture of critique, which is learned in art and design schools, even when it is not explicitly taught. Finally, as the field of design anthropology matures to include global networks of scholars and practitioners, it is useful to consider the ways in which emergent practices of critique as collaboration, supported by digital platforms, might move beyond the design studio and into distributed collaborations.
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Asyhari, Ardian, and Rahma Diani. "Pembelajaran fisika berbasis web enhanced course: mengembangkan web-logs pembelajaran fisika dasar I." Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi Pendidikan 4, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jitp.v4i1.13435.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Web-blogs dengan metode R&D prosedur 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate) yang dapat mendukung Web Enhanced Course (WEC) agar menunjang pembelajaran Fisika Dasar 1 materi Gerak Dua Dimensi pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika UIN Raden Intan Lampung, dan mengetahui kriteria penilaian melalui validasi produk dari ahli desain instruksional, ahli media pembelajaran, dan ahli web designer. Serta mengetahui tanggapan mahasiswa terkait kemenarikan produk dan kemudahan penggunaan dari produk yang dikembangkan. Spesifikasi pada WEC yang dikembangkan menekankan pada web yang memungkinkan terjadinya komunikasi interaktif antara dosen dan mahasiswa, baik secara individu maupun kelompok, serta dapat menjadi alternatif belajar secara online. Setelah divalidasi oleh ahli desain instruksional, ahli media pembelajaran, dan ahli website designer, didapatkan nilai dengan kriteria “sangat baik” dan memperoleh nilai dengan kriteria “sangat baik” setelah dilakukan uji coba terbatas (N=15) dan uji coba diperluas (N=90) dalam hal kemenarikan desain dan kemudahan penggunaan produk awal dan produk akhir dari WEC yang dikembangkan.Kata kunci: R&D, web enhanced course, fisika dasar I PHYSICS LEARNING BASED ON WEB ENHANCED COURSE: DEVELOPING WEB-LOGS TO SUPPORT PHYSICS I COURSEAbstractThis research aims to (1) develop a Web-blogs by the method of R & D procedures 4D (define, design, develop, disseminate) that can support Web Enhanced Course (WEC) to help to learn Physics 1 material Motion Two-Dimensional student department of physics education UIN Raden Intan Lampung. (2) Know the assessment criteria through product validation from instructional design experts, learning media experts, and web designers expert. Moreover, (3) knowing the students' responses related to the attractiveness of the product and the ease of use of the developed product. Specifications on the WEC developed an emphasis on the web that enables interactive communication between faculty and students, either individually or in groups, and can be an alternative to online learning. After being validated by an instructional design expert, an instructional media expert, and a website designer. A score of "excellent" criteria was obtained and scored with "excellent" criteria after a limited trial (N = 15) and an expanded trial (N = 90) regarding design attractiveness and ease of use of the initial product and end product of the developed WEC.Keywords: R & D, Web Enhanced Course, Physics I
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Dargayana, Glandisepa Chahyanita, Suhargo Tri H., and Siti Rukayah. "KARAKTERISTIK ATRIBUT TERHADAP PERILAKU PENGGUNA PADA PUSAT KULINER DI KOPLAKAN BLORA." Jurnal Arsitektur ARCADE 4, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.31848/arcade.v4i3.495.
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Renovation will not succeed if the designer does not consider user attributes, so the results of the design will be changed according to the needs of user attributes. This happened in Koplakan Blora, which was more spacious and modern, but they complained about the lack of visitors after the renovation. This study aims to determine the characteristics of post-occupant users, interests, responses, and expectations of Koplakan users. Using descriptive qualitative research methods with instrument attributes (comfort, sociality, visibility, legibility) of the user, knowing the relationship between perceptions and user attributes, and knowing the comfortable space settings for the user. The results of the study are based on the required attributes, the user needs a large counter, the location of the sign that is easily visible to visitors, the size of a low counter barrier to be able to socialize with other traders, the shape of the building that is in accordance with the local culinary center
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Li, Hui, and Fang Liu. "Research in Virtual Home Roaming System Based on Virtools." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 2905–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2905.
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This system uses three dimensional scene roaming technology into home design, breaks the current rendering home design mode. It constructs 3d indoor scene and indoor furniture models through 3d modeling, and realizes the roaming interaction of 3d home roaming scene by scene roaming technology, at the same time the system adopts collision detection technology to ensure the real roaming effect. The effect of roaming system can satisfy the clients need of knowing home pattern furthest, enhance the clients satisfaction degree of home pattern and reduce the burden and pressure of home designers amending effect picture once and again.
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عاصم عبد الكريم, إسلام. "ظهور شعار بني نصر على مقابض الأبواب بمسجد أحمد سالم الشهير بالصيني بالإسكندرية (The Appearance of Nasrid Motto on the Doorknobs of Ahmad Salem’s Mosque, Known as Elsainy in Alexandria)." Abgadiyat 7, no. 1 (2012): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138609-00701014.
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The unique appearance of Nasrid motto “La ghalib ila Allah” (there is no victor other than god) on the doorknobs in Ahmad Salem Mosque, which was built in 1930, by Italian architects and designers, reflects the influence of the Andalusian art on the Islamic buildings. Many reasons could explain this influence, as the historical and religious relationship between Andalusia and Alexandria, by a lot of immigrants who came to the city and became the most famous Imams in the city. Moreover, the Italian architects and designers who were managing the largest part of the construction business in Alexandria, in the first decade of twentieth century, their studies of the Islamic Art in their country before they move to Egypt, concentrated on the Andalusian art, due to that their work in the Islamic religious buildings was influenced by the Andalusian art. Through a concentrated study in the meaning of the motto, and relating it to the conditions of constructing Ahmad Salem Mosque, and taking into consideration the remaining inscriptions in the Mosque, it becomes clear that one of the main reasons of inscribing the Nasrid motto was a reflection of Ahmad Salem‘s status after building the Mosque, showing and telling everyone that God helps everyone with good intent, and He helped me in constructing this Mosque. This means that this motto was not just copied words and art from Alhambra Palace, in Turkey; but it was selected intentionally by the owner and the designer of the Mosque. (Please note that this article is in Arabic)
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Byrne, Evan. "Knowing Behavior Helps Insure Models Against Breakage: A Commentary on Kaber’s “Issues in Human–Automation Interaction Modeling”." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 12, no. 1 (October 23, 2017): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343417725669.
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This commentary on Kaber’s review of human–automation interaction (HAI) modeling and levels of automation (LOA) highlights some of the challenges designers of automated systems face as a result of a heterogeneous user base. It advocates for understanding the variability in the intended user base to facilitate decisions on whether to constrain user behavior or the system design to optimize overall system performance and the need to anticipate adaptive user strategies before system deployment. It argues that the predictive efficacy of LOA models depends on the heterogeneity of the user base and an increased understanding of behavior through evaluation of breakdowns in HAI.
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Lau, A. K., and L. M. Staley. "Solar Heating Systems Design Procedure for Greenhouse With Internal Collection and Sensible Heat Storage." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 111, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268303.
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A simplified design procedure for solar heating systems for greenhouses is presented. Computer modeling and simulations were carried out to analyze the effects of design variations in greenhouse construction and storage characteristics on long-term average system thermal performance. The key performance indices were defined in terms of the total solar contribution and solar heating fraction. The results of many simulations were transformed into correlations between monthly solar load ratio and the performance indices. Knowing monthly average meteorological data, designers and engineers can readily extract the necessary technical information for subsequent economic analysis to select the most cost-effective solution for a given design problem.
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Bernstein, Jay. "Conscience and Transgression: The Persistence of Misrecognition." Hegel Bulletin 15, no. 01 (1994): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263523200002950.
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The aim of the Phenomenology of Spirit is to provide its reader with a “ladder” to the standpoint of science, showing him “this standpoint within himself (§26). By the standpoint of science, the standpoint of absolute knowing, I understand a perspective in which human cognition has no absolute limits or barriers, in which no items and types of items, most notably Kant's things in themselves, are intrinsically or a priori external to human cognition. Hegel is only attempting to provide a ladder to this standpoint because he believes that no demonstration or deduction of it is possible. Hegel's denial of the possibility of demonstration is premised on a simple logical insight: if what is presupposed as external to reason and cognition – material objects, other persons, language, social practices, history – are in fact constitutive conditions of them, then a position whose premises are weaker than what it seeks to demonstrate, as for example one might attempt to explicate the possibility of linguistic meaning only through reference to elaborate structures of intention, must necessarily fail. Hence, Hegel's initially puzzling formula that states that the “aether” of knowing is “pure self-recognition in absolute otherness” (§26), is designedly anti-Kantian: we only come to apperceptive self-awareness, what for Kant is pure or transcendental self-consciousness, through cogntion of things in themselves, the very things access to which Kant denies as a condition apperception.
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Sari, Pratiwi Kartika, Basuki Wibawa, and Nurdin Ibrahim. "Exploring Gamification Component Framework to Enhance Motivation in Higher Education: Literature Review." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 996–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.8756.
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One of approaches to increase learning motivation is by using gamification in education. The framework of gamification implementation is MDA (Mechanic, Dynamic, and Aesthetic). Now days, gamification is used more frequently in higher education. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate any MDA components that able to increase learning motivation and learning outcomes. By knowing the trends in the implementation of gamification components that can increase learning motivation and outcomes, then gamification designer can have a basic foundation in the application of gamification in higher education. Furthermore, this study also investigates the application of counterproductive MDA components related to learning motivation and learning outcomes. This study involved gami- fication research at higher education conducted from 2015 to 2018.
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Devine, Theresa Claire. "Integrating Games Into the Artworld." Games and Culture 12, no. 7-8 (July 22, 2015): 671–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412015596105.
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The game designer Jason Rohrer has self-identified as an artist. By doing so enters his work into a critique process that, according to James Elkins, dates back to the Romantic period in which artists are evaluated by peers on an individualized basis according to the ideals and creative direction they produce in the form of written and verbal artifacts. Arthur Danto calls these artifacts “artistic identification” in his essay, “The Artworld,” written in 1964. The study applies this critique method to Rohrer’s work in the game medium and asks how it fares when subjected to what Howard Becker calls, “a continuous process of selection” through critique. It asks, finally, how can knowing this methodology help to elucidate the path for the eventual full-fledged integration of games into the Artworld.
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Smith, Dianne, and Barbara Adkins. "The Environmental Experience of Shopping with Cognitive Impairment." idea journal 7, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37113/ideaj.vi0.164.
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The environmental experience of shopping was used as a vehicle to research the experience of complex or non-residential environments for people with cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment is defined here as a condition by which an individual’s cognitive processes have become altered for some reason. Such conditions may result, for example, from acquired brain injury, dementia, and/or substance abuse. The objective of the study was to ascertain through the investigation (a) the experience of shopping from the person with cognitive impairment’s perspective; (b) the impact or the role of the physical environment
in that experience; and (c) the implications for designers of public places such as interior designers, architects, and landscape architects. Therefore, an ethnographic investigation?of four individuals’ experiences was undertaken by accompanying them on a shopping expedition to an environment they nominated as being very familiar to them. The findings highlight the role of environmental mediation in the experience of the person with cognitive impairment. Spatial layout, environmental containment, spatial positioning, environmental triggers, and signage are all revealed to influence the environmental experience. In addition, spatial understanding, environmental constancy, environmental stimulation, and a sense-of- knowing were also revealed to be important. The participants with cognitive impairment exist in a state of continual and conscious negotiation when in public spaces. The environment sometimes acted as a facilitator in order to help the participant cope with the situation and achieve goals, while at other times the physical environment was shown to be limiting or obstructive. This information is important for designers of public spaces due to the increasing numbers of people with cognitive impairment using such spaces.
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Grifoni, Patrizia, Fernando Ferri, Alessia D'Andrea, Tiziana Guzzo, and Caterina Praticò. "SoN-KInG: a digital eco-system for innovation in professional and business domains." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 16, no. 1 (March 4, 2014): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsit-09-2013-0044.
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Purpose – An open question in the advanced economies, and in the current crisis even more, is to widely improve knowledge sharing as a driver of innovation and creativity processes. The need of addressing knowledge, creativity and innovation is co-generating new knowledge sharing tools, attempting to create new network linkages among professionals (such as engineers, researchers, professors, architects, creative designers, etc.), among financial/business companies and, between professionals and financial/business companies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve this goal, during the Knowledge Intelligence and Innovation for a sustainable Growth (KnowInG) project (2010-2013), the Social Network KnowInG (SoN-KInG) model and framework consisting in a digital eco-system were created. The benefits and the potentialities of the SoN-KInG as knowledge sharing tool both for professionals and businesses are discussed in the paper. Findings – SoN-KInG unifies the innovative aspects provided by three different social networks (Facebook, LinkedIn and Twitter) both, in professional and business domains, giving a holistic tool for knowledge sharing and knowledge management for online communities of interest. Originality/value – SoN-KInG provides an original model based on a holistic vision of social networking in the innovation and business domain and a framework, which consists in a web platform functioning as a hub of communities of interest where each member can converge creating new communities and also embedding communities where s/he is already involved in.
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Rock, Brian A. "COMPARING BUILDING SURFACES’ ORIENTATIONS TO OPTIMIZE SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION." Journal of Green Building 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.15.2.3.
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ABSTRACT Net-zero and other high performance green buildings normally do or should include optimized solar energy systems. While detailed computer-based energy simulations of buildings’ energy systems are becoming near-commonplace for many projects, simple, easy-to-use data tables are beneficial earlier in the design process to help guide preliminary decisions in all projects. Practical lookup tables, and then comparison of the data they contain, are also very useful for teaching new concepts, in this case for learning about solar orientations in sunny locations. Engineers, architects, design-build contractors, students, and other designers of green buildings can benefit through knowing, in advance, how exterior surfaces’ orientations increase or decrease the total annual solar energy arriving upon those surfaces. For example, maximizing the incoming energy on a particular roof is advantageous for gathering solar energy for heat or for conversion of that sunlight to electricity, but various requirements often limit designers’ choices for surfaces’ orientations. This paper presents simple tables that form a tool for making initial decisions on surfaces’ directions and slopes; the user can then study various effects further, such as local factors including cloudiness and shading, with detailed software. The classical solar geometry equations utilized are documented here for repeatability of the research, but are not necessary for use of this paper’s tables. Practical examples are given too to help readers use the tables.
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Igarashi, Hiroshi. "Subliminal Calibration for Machine Operation." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 1 (January 20, 2012): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0108.
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This paper proposes a skill assist technique without having the operator to be aware of it. Heretofore, many operation assists in a human-machine system has added artificial force in human operation input such as reactive force from obstacles. Such an approach is suitable in a particular task as simulated by the designer, because it can improve safety and efficiency, but is simultaneously hindering human learning ability. The proposed method will correct the machine dynamics of the operation subject subliminally, meaning that the operator will not be aware that it is being altered. Henceforth, it will be possible to enhance operability, without having to prevent the human learning ability. As a result of a verification experiment on 20 test subjects, it has been clarified that it is possible to enhance the operation performance without the operators knowing of the assist.
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Spearpoint, Michael, Charlie Hopkin, and Danny Hopkin. "Modelling the thermal radiation from kitchen hob fires." Journal of Fire Sciences 38, no. 4 (June 19, 2020): 377–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734904120923566.
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Kitchen hob fires present a potential threat to occupants escaping from dwellings and calculations may be needed to assess the hazard. Determination of the thermal heat flux from flames to a target can be achieved through the use of hand calculation methods or computational tools. This article compares point source, parallel plane and cylindrical view factor hand calculations and computational simulations using B-RISK and Fire Dynamics Simulator of thermal heat flux with kitchen hob fire experiments presented in the literature. Knowing the level of accuracy of each method provides useful information to designers. Although the point source model is influenced by whether the radial distance is measured perpendicular to the heat flux target or is offset relative to the centre of the flame, the article concludes that it provides an adequate approach for the calculation of thermal heat flux in the case of kitchen hob fires.
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Górska-Poręcka, Bożena. "THE ROLE OF TEACHER KNOWLEDGE IN ESP COURSE DESIGN." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 34, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2013-0021.
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Abstract English for specific purposes (ESP) has been conceptualized by its leading scholars, like Hutchinson and Waters (1987) or Dudley-Evans and St. John (1998), as a multi-stage process, where the ESP practitioner fulfils a variety of roles, including that of learner needs researcher, course designer, language instructor, learning assessor, and course evaluator. The performance of these roles requires considerable knowledge of a linguistic, socio-cultural and pedagogical nature, necessary to inform the teacher’s cognitive processes, par- ticularly those involved in course decision making. The necessary professional knowledge of the ESP teacher, which is gained through professional school- ing, teacher training, and teaching experience, comprises both relevant theo- retical concepts (knowing what) and performance skills (knowing how). It di- rectly impacts on all stages of the ESP process, namely the planning, design, teaching, assessment and evaluation of a course, largely determining its quality. The present paper focuses on ESP teacher cognition, especially those cognitions (i.e. knowledge and beliefs) that are involved in course design, informing the teacher’s choices of course parameters and instructional practices. Elaborating on the concepts developed by language cognition scholars, like Shulman (1987), Andrews (e.g. 2007), and Borg (e.g. 2006), the author tries to outline the in- ternal structure of ESP teacher cognition and describe the function of each subordinate knowledge base. The paper also presents the preliminary results of a small-scale exploratory study into the professional cognition of 13 teachers of Legal and Business English employed at the University of Warsaw.
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Anderson, Kate T., Olivia G. Stewart, and Dani Kachorsky. "Seeing Academically Marginalized Students’ Multimodal Designs From a Position of Strength." Written Communication 34, no. 2 (April 2017): 104–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741088317699897.
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This article examines multimodal texts created by a cohort of academically marginalized secondary school students in Singapore as part of a language arts unit on persuasive composition. Using an interpretivist qualitative approach, we examine students’ multimodal designs to highlight opportunities taken up for expanding literacy practices traditionally not available to lower tracked students. Findings examine the authorial stances and rhetorical force that students enacted in their multimodal designs, despite lack of regular opportunities to author complex texts and a schooling history of low expectations. We extend arguments for the importance of providing all students with opportunities to take positions as designers and creators while acknowledging systematic barriers to such opportunities for academically marginalized students. This study thus counters deficit views of academically marginalized students’ literacy practices by demonstrating their authoritative stance taking and enacting of layered positionalities through multimodal designs in which they renegotiated ways of knowing and doing in their classroom.
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Skakoon, James G. "Exact Constraint." Mechanical Engineering 131, no. 09 (September 1, 2009): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2009-sep-2.
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This article discusses the significance of knowing exact constraint in successful design. Although not traditionally taught in mechanical engineering curricula, and not universally known among mechanical engineers, principles of exact constraint have been around for over a century. Designers of precision instruments have for decades used exact constraint, without which they simply would not achieve the precision required by many devices. Exact constraint has a well-developed theory applicable for design engineers. Applying it improves designs by avoiding over-constraint. Over-constrained designs lead to high stresses, tight tolerances, looseness, binding, and difficult assembly. Exact constraint is easier to picture in two dimensions than in three. In two dimensions, there are three degrees of freedom: two translations and one rotation. Some useful compromises to exact constraint are pinned and bolted connections, ball bearings, and tapered roller bearings. Another is in-situ adjustment of over-constraint as in, for example, the thread-adjusted foot pads of a clothes dryer or washing machine.
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Lee, Loong Yi, Ismaiil S. Hossen, Omar Ali Syadiqeen, Pei-Lee Teh, Chee Pin Tan, and Surya G. Nurzaman. "116 Knowing what Older Adults Want: A Soft Service Robot in Object Retrieval Tasks." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_4 (December 2019): iv28—iv33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz164.116.
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Abstract Introduction An ageing society in this period of technological development may benefit from having service robots assist them in daily tasks. To that end, service robots that are equipped with soft grippers have the potential to handle the unstructured nature of objects such as eye-glasses and cutlery at homes. Drawing from Technology Acceptance Model, this paper aims to analyse technology adoption of a “soft service robot” for object retrieval tasks among older adults. Method A video demonstrating the operational functions of an in-house developed soft service robot was shown to 30 participants aged 60 and above. The video shows that the soft service robot can be remotely controlled through the internet to move around and pick up various household objects delicately. The soft service robot also enables users to interact with another individual through an integrated tablet. Thirty participants completed a survey measuring perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards the soft service robot and behavioural intention using seven-point Likert scales. Multiple regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesized model. Results Our study showed that the behavioral intention of older adults was jointly determined by the perceived usefulness (β=0.401; p-value< 0.01) and the attitude of the older adults towards the soft service robot (β=0.530; p-value<0.01). Interestingly, this study found a non-significant perceived ease of use-intention relationship (β=-0.167; p-value>0.05) in the model. Conclusion Our findings indicated that making a soft service robot easier-to-use has little or no impact on the formation of intentions. Essentially, a soft service robot that is perceived to be useful will be accepted by older adults. From a practical standpoint, it is of significant importance for service robotics designer and developers to build soft service robot with useful functions to enhance greater adoption of such technology among older adults.
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Ghazali, Roslinda, Siti Rasidah Md. Sakip, and Ismail Samsuddin. "Preliminary Study on Sensory Design for Autism Centre." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 3, no. 8 (June 28, 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.1392.
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Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) is a lifelong handicap that affects the lives and the people around them. Knowing them as a unique person, designated learning environment should consider the sensory issues to overcome their needs. However, designers are lack of awareness in terms of sensory design while designing learning spaces for autistic children. This research objective is to identify the sensory design of physical learning enviroment in the Autism Centre, while the paper aims to develop the Design Criteria Checklist of sensory design for Autism Centre. The result of the study highlighted factors that relating to quality physical learning environment.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v3i8.1392
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Doorsamy, Wesley, and Kershree Padayachee. "Conceptualising the knower for a new engineering technology curriculum." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 17, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 808–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-10-2018-0180.
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Purpose The most recent alteration in engineering technology education in South Africa is the establishment of a new degree qualification – Bachelor of Engineering Technology. The new qualification standards alone do not give a clear distinction between knowers in the engineering technician and engineering technologist categories. This lack of clarity about what knower the new programme is intended to produce is a stumbling block to educators who need to plan, develop and implement the new curriculum. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise the intended knower dispositions for the new programme by carrying out a comparative analysis with the existing programme, thereby assisting curriculum designers particularly with development of effective scaffolding for engineering technology students. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors conceptualise the intended knower dispositions for the new programme by carrying out a comparative analysis of the current and new exit-level outcomes. Each of the qualifications for the engineering technology programmes are comprehensively interpreted and analysed in this paper. This paper uses Bloom’s taxonomy and Luckett’s knowledge plane as lenses to perform the analysis and draw a distinction between knowers in the engineering technician and engineering technologist categories. Findings The analysis used in this paper suggests that the engineering technologist category exhibits a relative shift towards subjective and theoretical “ways of knowing”. It is found that the shift from practical ways of knowing to theoretical will evoke a shift from contextual to conceptual knowledge. The authors also flesh out how this shift could influence the new curriculum particularly with regard to developing effective scaffolding for engineering technology students. A useful tool for mapping these shifts in knowing is also established in this paper. Originality/value The most recent alteration in engineering technology education in South Africa is the establishment of the new Bachelor of Engineering Technology qualification. This qualification marks a paradigm shift in the nature of engineering technology education itself. In this paper, this paradigm shift is conceptualised. It is expected that the interpretation of the new qualification standards, and the influence of the shift in intended knower and exit-level outcomes on curriculum will be grappled with by engineering technology educators in South Africa in the coming years, as the new programmes are established around the country. This conceptual paper is significant because it marks the first work towards grappling these crucial and forthcoming issues in the country.
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Sahay, Pradeep. "Design thinking in talent acquisition: a practitioner’s perspective." Strategic HR Review 13, no. 4/5 (June 3, 2014): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-04-2014-0027.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to examine the applicability of design thinking to the strategic role of talent acquisition in organizations. While design thinking has become part of popular lexicon in contemporary design and engineering practice, as well as business and management, its principles can be seamlessly applied across multiple disciplines and industries. The premise is that by knowing about the process and the methods that designers use to ideate, and by understanding how designers approach problem solving, individuals and businesses will be better able to connect with and invigorate their ideation processes to take innovation to a higher level. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology used was based on empirical research drawn from the authors > 20 years of experience in the industry as also secondary research, which has been appropriately referenced in the attached article. Findings – The process of developing talent relationships forces managers to develop a more outward-looking view, staying on top of cutting-edge trends, building their company’s image and staying in sync with customer expectations. This is but the essence of the design thinking methodology – taking insights from people at the various stages, touch points of the process and build from the outside-in rather than from the inside-out. Originality/value – The article is an attempt to articulate the challenges that confront organizations today as they compete for talent in the changing talent marketplace. Hopefully, the document will elevate some awareness and discourse on the subject and finally concretize on a roadmap that turns its talent acquisition into a strategic advantage with visible impact on the bottom-line. In essence, the article is about creating innovative efficiencies within the recruiting function.
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Ghazali, Roslinda, Siti Rasidah Md. Sakip, and Ismail Samsuddin. "The Effects of Sensory Design on Autistic Children." Asian Journal of Behavioural Studies 3, no. 14 (November 19, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajbes.v3i14.165.
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Autism is a lifelong handicap that affects their social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech, and nonverbal communication, as well as by unique strengths and differences. Knowing them as a unique person, designated learning environment should consider the sensory issues to overcome their needs. However, designers are lack of awareness in terms of sensory design during their design stage. The objective is to identify the sensory design of the classroom environment, while the paper aims to develop the Design Criteria Checklist of sensory design for Autism Centre. The result of the study highlighted factors that relate to the quality physical learning environment.Keywords: Autism; sensory design, physical learning environment; design criteria checklist;eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Hamdar, Bassam, Elie Meouchy, and Zeinab Hamdar. "Environmental and Behavioral Modeling of Mitigating Light Pollution: Implication for a Better World." International Journal of Business Administration 12, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v12n3p12.
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Light has always fascinated humans, thus they used to burn different materials to illuminate their indoors and outdoors as well at night for better visibility and safety. Nighttime lighting has rapidly proliferated throughout the cities and has kept the darkness away. Artificial light, which has become a necessity, contributes to the so-called Light Pollution. Light pollution is therefore a crucial aspect for lighting designers to consider while designing. Knowing how to accomplish ‘good’ lighting is considered a characteristic, and a distinctive skill of lighting professionals. The objective of this study is to highlight the causes behind light pollution, the groups that are contributing to its existence, and to identify ways and means for avoiding it. To achieve the objective of this study, the following three questions were adopted: What produces light pollution? How could light pollution be reduced? Finally, are lighting design companies helping in light pollution mitigation? A survey of lighting professionals was adopted to trace out the main causes of light pollution. The results show that lighting professionals are considered as the main responsible factor for light pollution, and play a major role in its mitigation.
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Schrum, Jacob, and Risto Miikkulainen. "Solving Multiple Isolated, Interleaved, and Blended Tasks through Modular Neuroevolution." Evolutionary Computation 24, no. 3 (September 2016): 459–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/evco_a_00181.
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Many challenging sequential decision-making problems require agents to master multiple tasks. For instance, game agents may need to gather resources, attack opponents, and defend against attacks. Learning algorithms can thus benefit from having separate policies for these tasks, and from knowing when each one is appropriate. How well this approach works depends on how tightly coupled the tasks are. Three cases are identified: Isolated tasks have distinct semantics and do not interact, interleaved tasks have distinct semantics but do interact, and blended tasks have regions where semantics from multiple tasks overlap. Learning across multiple tasks is studied in this article with Modular Multiobjective NEAT, a neuroevolution framework applied to three variants of the challenging Ms. Pac-Man video game. In the standard blended version of the game, a surprising, highly effective machine-discovered task division surpasses human-specified divisions, achieving the best scores to date in this game. In isolated and interleaved versions of the game, human-specified task divisions are also successful, though the best scores are surprisingly still achieved by machine discovery. Modular neuroevolution is thus shown to be capable of finding useful, unexpected task divisions better than those apparent to a human designer.
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Hamouda, Mohamed A., William B. Anderson, Michele I. Van Dyke, Ian P. Douglas, Stéphanie D. McFadyen, and Peter M. Huck. "Scenario-based quantitative microbial risk assessment to evaluate the robustness of a drinking water treatment plant." Water Quality Research Journal 51, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2016.034.
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While traditional application of quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models usually stops at analyzing the microbial risk under typical operating conditions, this paper proposes the use of scenario-based risk assessment to predict the impact of potential challenges on the expected risk. This study used a QMRA model developed by Health Canada to compare 14 scenarios created to assess the increase in risk due to potential treatment failures and unexpected variations in water quality and operating parameters of a water treatment plant. Under regular operating conditions, the annual risk of illness was found to be substantially lower than the acceptable limit. Scenario-based QMRA was shown to be useful in demonstrating which hypothetical treatment failures would be the most critical, resulting in an increased risk of illness. The analysis demonstrated that scenarios incorporating considerable failure in treatment processes resulted in risk levels surpassing the acceptable limit. This reiterates the importance of robust treatment processes and the multi-barrier approach voiced in drinking water safety studies. Knowing the probability of failure, and the risk involved, allows designers and operators to make effective plans for response to treatment failures and/or recovery actions involving potential exposures. This ensures the appropriate allocation of financial and human resources.
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Halpern-Wight, Naylani, Maria Konstantinou, Alexandros G. Charalambides, and Angèle Reinders. "Training and Testing of a Single-Layer LSTM Network for Near-Future Solar Forecasting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 5873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175873.
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Increasing integration of renewable energy sources, like solar photovoltaic (PV), necessitates the development of power forecasting tools to predict power fluctuations caused by weather. With trustworthy and accurate solar power forecasting models, grid operators could easily determine when other dispatchable sources of backup power may be needed to account for fluctuations in PV power plants. Additionally, PV customers and designers would feel secure knowing how much energy to expect from their PV systems on an hourly, daily, monthly, or yearly basis. The PROGNOSIS project, based at the Cyprus University of Technology, is developing a tool for intra-hour solar irradiance forecasting. This article presents the design, training, and testing of a single-layer long-short-term-memory (LSTM) artificial neural network for intra-hour power forecasting of a single PV system in Cyprus. Four years of PV data were used for training and testing the model (80% for training and 20% for testing). With a normalized root mean squared error (nRMSE) of 10.7%, the single-layer network performed similarly to a more complex 5-layer LSTM network trained and tested using the same data. Overall, these results suggest that simple LSTM networks can be just as effective as more complicated ones.
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Hatefi Shogae, Somayeh. "Comparison of Physical Structure of Iran Traditional Neighborhoods Based on Living Center Theory of Christopher Alexander (Case Study: Haji and Kolapa Neighborhoods in Hamedan)." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 4 (February 2, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n4p101.
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In the way Christopher Alexander<sup>1</sup> provides understanding and knowing order of nature, the pattern of living structures according to the concepts of totality and strong centers are paid attention to in 15 integrated features. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the physical totality of these two neighborhoods based on Alexander`s living center theory and its adaptability with architectural physics .This paper tries to answer following questions: What is the theory of living centers proposed by Alexander? Based on living center theory, how is the geometrical structure of traditional neighborhoods in Hamedan? How is the comparative study of structure of both neighborhoods based on Alexander`s theory? The results of study suggest that certain space as an essential feature of the theory of Alexander is not applicable with geometry structure of elements of the traditional neighborhoods of Hamadan. Comparison of geometry structure of the neighborhood and the characters of Alexander's theory pattern suggests that the most important role in the neighborhood for creating more life arises from strong centers, levels of Scale, boundaries, non-separateness, roughness, the void and contrast .The findings survey can use urban planners, urban designers and architectures to design new neighborhoods.
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Wang, Chuanfu, Yi Di, Jianyu Tang, Jing Shuai, Yuchen Zhang, and Qi Lu. "The Dynamic Analysis of a Novel Reconfigurable Cubic Chaotic Map and Its Application in Finite Field." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 3, 2021): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081420.
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Dynamic degradation occurs when chaotic systems are implemented on digital devices, which seriously threatens the security of chaos-based pseudorandom sequence generators. The chaotic degradation shows complex periodic behavior, which is often ignored by designers and seldom analyzed in theory. Not knowing the exact period of the output sequence is the key problem that affects the application of chaos-based pseudorandom sequence generators. In this paper, two cubic chaotic maps are combined, which have symmetry and reconfigurable form in the digital circuit. The dynamic behavior of the cubic chaotic map and the corresponding digital cubic chaotic map are analyzed respectively, and the reasons for the complex period and weak randomness of output sequences are studied. On this basis, the digital cubic chaotic map is optimized, and the complex periodic behavior is improved. In addition, a reconfigurable pseudorandom sequence generator based on the digital cubic chaotic map is constructed from the point of saving consumption of logical resources. Through theoretical and numerical analysis, the pseudorandom sequence generator solves the complex period and weak randomness of the cubic chaotic map after digitization and makes the output sequence have better performance and less resource consumption, which lays the foundation for applying it to the field of secure communication.
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Romero, Alejandro, Francisco Bellas, José A. Becerra, and Richard J. Duro. "Motivation as a tool for designing lifelong learning robots." Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering 27, no. 4 (September 11, 2020): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ica-200633.
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Designing robots has usually implied knowing beforehand the tasks to be carried out and in what domains. However, in the case of fully autonomous robots this is not possible. Autonomous robots need to operate in an open-ended manner, that is, deciding on the most interesting goals to achieve in domains that are not known at design time. This obviously poses a challenge from the point of view of designing the robot control structure. In particular, the main question that arises is how to endow the robot with a designer defined purpose and with means to translate that purpose into operational decisions without any knowledge of what situations the robot will find itself in. In this paper, we provide a formalization of motivation from an engineering perspective that allows for the structured design of purposeful robots. This formalization is based on a definition of the concepts of robot needs and drives, which are related through experience to the appropriate goals in specific domains. To illustrate the process, a motivational system to guide the operation of a real robot is constructed using this approach. A series of experiments carried out over it are discussed providing some insights on the design of purposeful motivated operation.
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Zdravkov, Lyubomir. "Influencing factors on effective width of compressed zone in joint column - cylindrical shell of steel silo." Challenge Journal of Structural Mechanics 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjsmec.2018.01.001.
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In order to ensure unloading of whole amount of stored product by gravity, steel silos are often placed on supporting structure. The simplest way to design these complicated facilities is to divide cylindrical shell on two parts in our minds - discretely supported ring beam and continuously supported shell above it. Obviously, to ensure continuously support of shell, bending stiffness of ring beam should be high. In European standard EN 1993-4-1, that concept is recognized but it keeps silence about recommended stiffness of ring beam. Another way to design is to know law of distribution of compressive axial stresses due to discrete column reactions R, by height of shell. Knowing it, we could calculate the effective width leff of distribution of compressive stresses on every level. Where effective width is equal to distance between discrete supports, there critical height of shell ends and above it cylindrical body is continuously supported. Unfortunately the above quoted standard EN 1993-4-1 does not give an information how to calculate leff. The questions here are; should we accept linear distribution of compressive forces by height? In addition, could we use directly the results of Whitmore (1952), where angle of distribution α = 30°? Or, even to accept a far more brave opinion that α = 45°, used by many of the elder designers? Moreover, is value of angle α constant or does it depend on various influencing factors?
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Miller, Timothy, Daniel Swiertz, Laith Tashman, Nader Tabatabaee, and Hussain U. Bahia. "Characterization of Asphalt Pavement Surface Texture." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2295, no. 1 (January 2012): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2295-03.
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This paper presents improved analysis methods for characterizing asphalt pavement surface texture and focuses on the use of laser profiling techniques to estimate friction characteristics. Derived from signal processing theories, texture spectral analysis methods show promise for improving characterization of the tire–pavement interface. Texture parameters measured with spectral analysis techniques represent a means for quantifying surface properties. Current methods to analyze frictional properties rely on the mean profile depth (MPD) and mean texture depth (MTD) texture parameters. Although these parameters are used widely, they do not capture the range and distribution of surface asperities on the pavement surface. Knowing the distribution of surface asperities is critical for assessing friction characteristics. Thus, texture spectral analysis methods are anticipated to improve on the MPD and MTD parameters by capturing relevant texture-level distributions. This study investigates the applicability of laser profiling systems for measuring pavement surface texture and subsequent relationships to friction. Models accounting for aggregate and mixture properties are developed and related to texture parameters through analysis of constructed field sections and corresponding laboratory samples. Results indicate that stationary laser profiling systems can capture the microtexture and macrotexture spectrum and suggest that a comprehensive friction characterization of asphalt mixtures can be obtained in a laboratory setting. With this analysis system, it is believed that asphalt mixture designers will have an improved tool by which to estimate pavement surface texture and frictional properties.
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Krauklis, Andrey E., Anton G. Akulichev, Abedin I. Gagani, and Andreas T. Echtermeyer. "Time–Temperature–Plasticization Superposition Principle: Predicting Creep of a Plasticized Epoxy." Polymers 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2019): 1848. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111848.
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Long-term creep properties and the effect of water are important for fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials used in offshore applications. Epoxies are often used as a matrix material in such composites. A typical design lifetime of offshore FRP structures is 25 or more years in direct contact with water leading to some deterioration of the material properties. Knowing and predicting the extent of the material property deterioration in water is of great interest for designers and users of the offshore FRP structures. It has been established that the time–temperature superposition principle (TTSP) is a useful tool for estimating changes in properties of polymer materials at long times or extreme temperatures. In this work, a time–temperature–plasticization superposition principle (TTPSP) is described and used for predicting the long-term creep behavior of an epoxy compound. The studied epoxy does not degrade chemically via hydrolysis or chain scission but is negatively affected by plasticization with water. The methodology enables prediction of the long-term viscoelastic behavior of amorphous polymers at temperatures below the glass transition (Tg) using short-term creep experimental data. The results also indicate that it is possible to estimate the creep behavior of the plasticized polymer based on the short-term creep data of the respective dry material and the difference between Tg values of dry polymer and plasticized polymer. The methodology is useful for accelerated testing and for predicting the time-dependent mechanical properties of a plasticized polymer below the glass transition temperature.
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Hummer, Joseph E., Nagui Rouphail, Ronald G. Hughes, Shannon J. Fain, Jennifer L. Toole, Robert S. Patten, Robert J. Schneider, John F. Monahan, and Ann Do. "User Perceptions of the Quality of Service on Shared Paths." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1939, no. 1 (January 2005): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193900104.
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Shared-use paths are becoming increasingly busy across the United States. Path designers need guidance on how wide to make new or rebuilt paths and on whether to separate the different types of users. The current guidance is not specific, has not been calibrated to conditions in the United States, and does not accommodate the range of modes found on a typical path. The purpose of this project, sponsored by FHWA, was to develop a level-of-service (LOS) estimation method for shared-use paths that overcomes these limitations. The focus of this paper is on the collection of the perceptions of path users and the development of a model relating those perceptions to operational and path variables. Companion papers describe the efforts made to develop equations explaining path operations and to develop an LOS estimation tool based on the perception model. For this effort, the project team collected the perceptions of 105 volunteers viewing 36 video clips from 10 paths. Analysis showed that variables related to path operations and the path width had the strongest relationships to the overall quality of the trail experience. The recommended model for overall rating included terms for path width, the number of meeting and passing events, and the presence of a centerline. The model was statistically sound; it should be easy to use. Analysts should be able to use the model and the procedure for determination of the LOS, which is based on the model, with confidence, knowing that it is well grounded on the perceptions of a large sample of trail users.
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Vieru, Lucia, and Marcela Irovan. "THE TRADITIONAL HARBOUR – THE SYMBOL OF ROMANIAN IDENTITY." Applied Researches in Technics, Technologies and Education 16, no. 2 (2018): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/artte.2018.02.004.
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The Romanian traditional harbour is one of the basic elements of the material society, which developed at the same time with the Romanian people. Knowing the traditional suit allows understanding of the characters of the Romanian people's and it contributes to the definition of ethnicity. In recent years, the return to the ethnic motifs of the popular suit is considered as a necessity in the inspirational sphere, also as a cultural reference present within the fashion system. The ethnic elements are particularly important as a symbol and as an archetype in contemporary fashion. A stylized ethno shirt is an element of the continuity of traditional harbour and promotion of traditional values in a novel way. This work presents the results of a study on the analysis of the defining characteristics of the traditional clothing in the entire Romanian space and their valorisation in the contemporary costume. The folk clothing from the Romanian folkloric regions were analysed in detail following the categories: ornaments, colour chromatics and symbolism of the traditional harbour ornaments and we have presented the maps with the ethnographic areas according to the cuts of the shirts for women and men. We have identified the elements of the traditional clothing used in the modern ethno style clothing of contemporary designers. The results of the study were outlined in a collection of women's clothing products; the compositional and constructive solution presents ways of capitalizing on the elements of the traditional Romanian clothing in the wardrobe of the contemporary woman.
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Ansoategui, Igor, Ekaitz Zulueta, Unai Fernandez-Gamiz, and Jose Lopez-Guede. "Mechatronic Modeling and Frequency Analysis of the Drive Train of a Horizontal Wind Turbine." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040613.
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The relevance of renewable energies is undeniable, and among them, the importance of wind energy is capital. A lot of literature has been devoted to the control techniques that deal with the optimization of the energy produced, but the maintainability of the individual wind turbines and of the farms in general is also a fundamental factor to take into account. In this paper, the authors address the general problem of knowing in advance the resonance frequencies of the power system of a wind turbine, with the underlying idea being that those frequencies should be avoided and that resonances do not occur only due to mechanical phenomena, but also because of electrical phenomena that in turn are influenced by control and optimization techniques. Therefore, the availability of that information embedded in the optimization techniques that control a wind turbine is of major importance. The main purpose of this paper was accomplished through two related objectives: the first was to obtain a mechatronic model (using a lumped parameters model of two degrees of freedom) of the drive train in the Laplace domain oriented to subsequently perform the described analysis. The second was to use that model to determine analytically the number and the value of the resonance frequencies from the generator angular velocity in such a way that such information could be used by any control algorithm or even by the mechatronic system designers. We assessed through experimental validation using a real 100 kW wind turbine that these two objectives were reached, demonstrating that the different vibration modes were detected using only the generator angular velocity.