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Journal articles on the topic 'Design Typology'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Tuunanen, Tuure, Anu Bask, and Hilkka Merisalo-Rantanen. "Typology for Modular Service Design." International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology 3, no. 3 (July 2012): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jssmet.2012070107.

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This paper presents a typology for modular service design. The authors review engineering, manufacturing, and service research literature and develop three key concepts for service modularization: service module, service architecture, and service experience. Thereafter these key concepts are further decomposed into detailed constructs. Basing on the reviewed literature, they develop a common typology for modular services. The authors argue that their typology provides a foundation for the development of modular service design methods. The authors also expect that it is important to recognize how customers perceive the service. They propose that service experiences can be characterized by value creation, role perception, personalization, and task complexity and by how the customers experience the particular services.

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Ali, Mohammed I. M., Mian Mobeen Shaukat, Nesar Merah, and Sulaman Pashah. "PRODUCT REPURPOSING: TYPOLOGY AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS 11, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2020v11i2p18-32.

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Product repurposing is a self-serving, self-rewarding sustainable behavior. It has been around ever since people began to create and acquire objects. However, very few studies have been conducted on product repurposing, and there is no typology of it in the literature. The aim of this study is to systematically classify the types of product repurposing and provide illustrating examples. Then based upon the developed typology, the corresponding design considerations that would enable, facilitate, and encourage users to perform this practice will be identified and mapped against the product repurposing types. To reveal the underlying types of product repurposing, a comprehensive analysis of a myriad of successful Do-It-Yourself (DIY) repurposing projects has been conducted. For categorization, two dimensions were considered: the modification to the product form (or the lack of it) and the approach to product transformation in terms of integration with other products or components (or the lack of it). The crossing of those two dimensions (Modification and Combination) produced four distinct types of product repurposing: Unmodified-Solo, Modified-Solo, Modified-Combined, and Unmodified-Combined. The repurpose-enabling design considerations were found to be, chiefly, Material, Affordances, Modularity and Ease of Disassembly, and User-product Attachment. These considerations were then mapped against the four repurposing types, and a conceptual framework was produced. It is important to note that this study is limited to End-of-Life individual scale repurposing and to Design for Open-ended Repurposing strategy. The presented typology is exhaustive and the first of its kind. The typology, coupled with the identified design considerations, would greatly assist designers in developing repurpose-enabling products.

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WOODBURY, ROBERT F., and ANDREW L. BURROW. "A typology of design space explorers." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 20, no. 2 (March 10, 2006): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060406060136.

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The act of design is a complex of actions and abilities that is evolving and often highly individual. Given the context of human–computer interaction, and a commitment to the model of design space exploration, we identify two axes that help position efforts to realize this model: the spectrum of strengths and needs that stretches from the machine to the human, and the time scale of events in design. Considering a section of each reveals a landscape that prefers certain activities and gives rise to particular emphases. This paper places the other authors in this Special Issue upon this map, and argues the value of typed feature structures and information orderings to the endeavor of realizing design space explorers.

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하수경, Cheol-Ho Shin, and 김유진. "Advanced Design Concept and Typology in Korea Design Industry." Journal of Product Research 27, no. 2 (June 2009): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36345/kacst.2009.27.2.012.

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Suh Hyun Duk. "Typology of Co-design Strategy in NPD Process - A Conceptual Framework of Co-design Typology for User Participatory Design Approach -." Journal of Korea Design Forum ll, no. 47 (May 2015): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21326/ksdt.2015..47.016.

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Dorozhkin, Alexander M. "Design – and typology problems of trading zones." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 54, no. 4 (2017): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201754462.

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Hsu, Yen. "Design-oriented strategy typology and innovation framework." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 15, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-09-2015-0053.

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Purpose Using Taiwanese enterprises that produce computer and consumer electronics products as case subjects, this study aims to explore the effective product innovation strategies applied to cope with competition in the global market and develop a competitive advantage. The product design strategies and methods of companies that used different types of innovation strategies were then analyzed. Finally, a mapping framework for product innovation and design strategies was proposed for enterprises in the computer and consumer electronics industry in Taiwan. Design/methodology/approach The two stages of this study were a questionnaire survey and case studies. Stage 1: A questionnaire survey and literature review were performed to explore the innovation strategies used by companies in the Taiwanese computer and consumer electronics industry. The purpose of the literature review was to determine the definitions and content of innovation strategies. Stage 2: Design and R&D managers were interviewed to explore the practical design strategies and approaches to product design in the industry. Findings These four innovation strategies and ways of product design are closely related to the scale, business type and product development conditions in enterprises. Notably, different innovation strategies have different approaches to product design. Generally, product design emphasizes “new experience” in aggressive innovation enterprises, “new value” in market innovation enterprises, “new service” in technical innovation enterprises and “new positioning” in opportunity innovation enterprises. The findings of this study provide a reference for product R&D and design in enterprises. Originality/value In recent years, the global market of computer and consumer electronic products has been fiercely competitive. Therefore, only enterprises that can innovate, respond rapidly and maintain advantages in product design can survive in the market. Hopefully, this case study of companies in the Taiwan computer and consumer electronic industry can provide a reference for product R&D and design. The findings of this study provide a reference for product R&D and design in enterprises, especially the Chinese market.

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CASAKIN, HERNAN, and WEI DAI. "Visual typology in design: A computational view." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 16, no. 1 (January 2002): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060401020029.

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This paper investigates the use of typological knowledge in the visual modality through a computer framework that combines multidisciplinary technologies from computer science, that is, artificial intelligence, software engineering, database system, and programming language, to help provide solutions and services to building designers. The solving of design problems frequently involves visual thinking, which has to do with the intensive use of visual knowledge like pictures, images, and other types of visual displays. The recognized power of typological knowledge in design problem solving is applied to support the exploration of a diversity of possible design solutions represented in a pictorial mode. The innovative use of computer science technologies enables a smooth link of visual typological knowledge with the design goals. Within the framework, a core technology was designed to respond to a designer's specific needs through dynamic user viewpoint generation, so that design solutions are associated with relevant (retrieved) visual typologies from the knowledge base. This has been achieved in a two-way process, in which the designer establishes an interactive dialogue with an experimental computerized framework.

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Muller, Wim, and Gert Pasman. "Typology and the organization of design knowledge." Design Studies 17, no. 2 (April 1996): 111–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(95)00030-u.

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VOROBCHUK, M. S., and K. L. PASHKEVYCH. "TYPOLOGY OF CODING SYSTEMS IN GRAPHIC DESIGN." Art and Design, no. 1 (October 6, 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2022.1.2.

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The aim of the study is to develop a typology of coded information, namely for barcode and QR-code, for further application in design. Methodology. Analytical, structural, and complex approaches, as well as art history methods, including comparative analysis, have been used. Results. The analysis of coded information has been carried out, the typology of coding systems for different types of design has been developed on the basis of the analysis. The functional purpose of barcode and QR-code has been studied. Methods, types, and ways of coding information have been defined. It has been found that coded information with the help of various additions and transformations determines the nature of object perception in different spheres of human life and the variability of their use. Particular attention is paid to the use of code in various types of design. The analysis of coded information in different types of design is presented. The sequence of development of the artistic and graphic process of code creation has been traced. The importance of using coded information for further formation and improvement of design objects has been proved. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a typology of coded information for different types of design has been developed. Practical significance. Types and kinds of coded information are described, ways of its visualization are allocated. The results of the study can be used for further study of coded information, as well as serve as a theoretical and practical material for the training of design professionals.

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Won, Hayoun, and YeongMog Park. "Implementation of Typology Criteria for Design Knowledge Reflecting Design Diversification." Design Journal 24, no. 3 (April 22, 2021): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2021.1906085.

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Sabatelli, M. "A Writing Typology for Designers." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 941–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.96.

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AbstractWhile design is often thought of as a visual field defined by renderings, models, and sketches, the use of writing can be just as pertinent and necessary. This paper presents seven writing types used by students uncovered during an ethnographic study of three interdisciplinary design studios. By reflecting on a compilation of writing practices, this study presents the modes in which we communicate design textually while reconsidering the possibility for new ones that incorporate interdisciplinary values and verbiage.

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Desmet, Pieter, and Steven Fokkinga. "Beyond Maslow’s Pyramid: Introducing a Typology of Thirteen Fundamental Needs for Human-Centered Design." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti4030038.

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This paper introduces a design-focused typology of psychological human needs that includes 13 fundamental needs and 52 sub-needs (four for each fundamental need). The typology was developed to provide a practical understanding of psychological needs as a resource for user-centered design practice and research with a focus on user experience and well-being. The first part of the manuscript briefly reviews Abraham Maslow’s pioneering work on human needs, and the underlying propositions, main contributions and limitations of his motivational theory. The review results in a set of requirements for a design-focused typology of psychological needs. The second part reports on the development of the new typology. The thirteen needs were selected from six existing typologies with the use of five criteria that distinguish fundamental from non-fundamental needs. The resulting typology builds on the strengths of Maslow’s need hierarchy but rejects the hierarchical structure and adds granularity to the need categories. The third part of the paper describes three examples of how the need typology can inform design practice, illustrated with student design cases. It also presents three means for communicating the need typology. The general discussion section reflects on implications and limitations and proposes ideas for future research.

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Schambureck, Erin M., and Sharran F. Parkinson. "Design for Sight: A Typology System for Low-Vision Design Factors." Journal of Interior Design 43, no. 2 (April 18, 2018): 33–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joid.12120.

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Masoudinejad, Sepideh, Maryam Farhady, and Ali Ghaffari. "Significance of House Typology in Housing Design Education." International Journal of Design Education 15, no. 2 (2020): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-128x/cgp/v15i02/19-40.

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Megahed, Naglaa Ali. "Understanding kinetic architecture: typology, classification, and design strategy." Architectural Engineering and Design Management 13, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 130–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2016.1203676.

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Bernabeu, Pablo, and Richard Tillman. "More refined typology and design in linguistic relativity." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 8, no. 2 (April 11, 2019): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.15019.ber.

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Abstract Linguistic relativity is the influence of language on other realms of cognition. For instance, the way movement is expressed in a person’s native language may influence how they perceive movement. Motion event encoding (MEE) is usually framed as a typological dichotomy. Path-in-verb languages tend to encode path information within the verb (e.g., ‘leave’), whereas manner-in-verb languages encode manner (e.g., ‘jump’). The results of MEE-based linguistic relativity experiments range from no effect to effects on verbal and nonverbal cognition. Seeking a more definitive conclusion, we propose linguistic and experimental enhancements. First, we examine state-of-the-art typology, suggesting how a recent MEE classification across twenty languages (Verkerk, 2014) may enable more powerful analyses. Second, we review procedural challenges such as the influence of verbal thought and second-guessing in experiments. To tackle these challenges, we propose distinguishing verbal and nonverbal subgroups, and having enough filler items. Finally we exemplify this in an experimental design.

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Grover, Robert, Stephen Emmitt, and Alex Copping. "The language of typology." Architectural Research Quarterly 23, no. 2 (June 2019): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135519000198.

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The concept of typology has recurred in architectural discourse since the term’s conception in the early nineteenth century. To describe an architectural object usually involves an act of typifying; a generalisation of built form to common characteristics. Both the analysis of architecture and its creation require this abstraction, which offers the potential to form types and expose initially unapparent relationships. Typology’s Enlightenment origins sought to link architecture to a natural order, but its terminology has subsequently been adopted in modernist rejections of mass culture and Neo-Rationalist pursuits of continua and meaning. Despite widespread use of the term, the role typology plays in the process of design remains unclear. Attempts to link its academic origins to the creation of architectural form (notably by Gottfried Semper in the nineteenth century, and Guilio Carlo Argan and Aldo Rossi in the twentieth century) have done little to synthesise the two and merely succeeded in alienating it from practice.

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Hinkka, Ville, Maiju Häkkinen, Jan Holmström, and Kary Främling. "Supply chain typology for configuring cost-efficient tracking in fashion logistics." International Journal of Logistics Management 26, no. 1 (May 11, 2015): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-03-2011-0016.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a typology of radio frequency identification (RFID)-based tracking solution designs to fit differing fashion supply chains. The typology is presented as principles of form and function contributing toward a design theory of configurable RFID tracking for fashion logistics. Design/methodology/approach – The typology is developed based on a case study of a logistics service provider (LSP) interested in designing a tracking solution for different customers in fashion logistics. In addition to the LSP, four fashion retailers were involved in the study. The case study was carried out using a review of existing RFID tracking implementations in the fashion industry, analysis of an RFID tracking pilot conducted by the case company, and interviews with representatives of the retailers. Findings – By varying three design parameters (place of tagging, place of tracking start and place of tracking end) a tracking solution can be configured to fit the requirements and constraints of different fashion supply chains. In the fashion logistics context under investigation, such parameterization addresses retailer requirements, brings concrete and quantifiable benefits to both LSP and its customers, and enables incremental adoption of RFID tracking. Research limitations/implications – Although the typology is developed in the specific setting of a case company developing RFID tracking solutions for fashion logistics, the design parameters identified in the study can be used when considering configurable tracking solutions also in other domains and settings. However, further research is needed to evaluate the proposed typology in those settings. Practical implications – The proposed typology enables fashion companies to consider which configuration of RFID tracking best fits the requirements and constraints imposed by their particular supply chain. For fashion companies, who find adoption of RFID tracking difficult despite the obvious benefits, the proposed typology enables incremental implementation of supply chain-wide tracking. Originality/value – The developed typology, describing how RFID-based tracking solutions can be adjusted to fit the needs of fashion companies with differing supply chains and requirements, is novel. The typology is generalizable to most fashion logistics settings and probably to numerous other logistics domains.

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Hwang, Young-Sam, Mi-Jin Park, and Young-Hee Kim. "Adaptation of Peirce’s typology of signs to architectural design." Semiotic Inquiry 54 (March 30, 2018): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24825/si.54.8.

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Park, Ho Young, Byung Uk Kim, and Jin Ryeol Lee. "Typology and Expression Elements of Emotion in Product Design." Design Convergence Study 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31678/sdc.69.8.

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Androsics-Zetz, Dóra Noémi, István Kistelegdi, and Zsolt Ercsey. "Algorithmic Generation of Building Typology for Office Building Design." Buildings 12, no. 7 (June 22, 2022): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070884.

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Numerous office building design optimizations are in international research to reduce energy consumption, optimize costs and provide optimal comfort. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the effects of geometry and space organization. This study deals with space organization problems and searches for all possible optimal building space structure configurations in terms of energy and comfort parameters using a mathematical algorithmic method. The methodology is based on the formulation of feasible architectural rules and their translation into an algorithm that can generate 2D floor plans satisfying all boundary conditions. In the framework of an exemplary modeling procedure, a 4-story office building geometry generation was carried out, resulting in 17-floor plan versions and 7 different building geometries. The resulting building shapes were classified by energy-related geometry parameters (envelope surface/useful area) for the future step of the research, where the cases will be compared with the help of building simulations. With the help of the method, it was possible to significantly narrow the search space, but future improvements are needed for faster work for wider applicability.

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Prior, Daniel D., and Lucy M. Miller. "Webethnography: Towards a Typology for Quality in Research Design." International Journal of Market Research 54, no. 4 (July 2012): 503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-54-4-503-520.

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Traditional ethnography focuses on identifiable cultural groupings of individuals and, through a process of observation and participant interviews (among other techniques), the researcher explores the effects of the social dynamic with regard to a topic of interest. Webethnography (also known as netnography, webnography, online ethnography and virtual ethnography) involves the application of ethnographic research methods to specific online communities through the observation and analysis of online dialogue and other online artefacts. This paper contends that webethnography is appropriate only where almost all interactions between group members occur online through the community site - that is, the community is a virtual community in the truest sense. Where communities conduct some or most of their interaction offline, webethnography is less appropriate as a stand-alone research method. Using a case study of project manager online communities on the social networking site www.LinkedIn.com , we argue that a triangulation with offline data sources helps to ensure data validity and generalisation to the group of interest. This paper presents a typology that proposes three general approaches to research design, to account for the differing scope of online cultural groups. The implications of this typology include the addition of additional precautions in the design of ethnographic studies.

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Fialko, O. Ye. "GRAVES OF THE SCYTHIAN AMAZONS: TYPOLOGY AND DESIGN FEATURES." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 39, no. 2 (September 30, 2021): 138–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.02.07.

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Types of burial structures are one of the most reliable ethno-differentiating criterion. They are commonly due to local natural and economic factors that were accepted by the newcomer population along with main characteristics of their own ritual. As for the shape, the graves of Scythian warriors are arbitrarily divided into 11 types with options, which in general make up three main groups: simple pits and more intricate variable chamber constructions such as undercut and catacombs. 303 graves of women with weapons from 267 barrows are known in the territory of European Scythia. More than half of them (55 %) have not been looted. By territorial principle they can be divided into five main groups: 1) Lower Dnipro steppe (or Steppe); 2) Crimea Foothills; 3) Danube-Dnister steppes (or Transnistria); 4) Forest Steppe Dnipro area (or Forest Steppe); 5) Don region (Steppe and partly Forest Steppe). In total, among graves of the Amazons of European Scythia the undercut (alcove) graves are the most represented — 104, inferior to them are catacombs — 99 and pit graves — 80, undefined — 20. However, the indicators for some groups differ significantly. We can mention the following design features of the graves: ground steps and hollow in the bottom of entrance pit, separation of entrance to dromos or chamber etc. Some specific features are also present in the arrangement of internal space of the graves (nishes, wall and ceiling design, floor decoration, arrangement of a funeral bed etc.). So, burial complexes of the female warriors correspond to Scythian regulations, that is, the design of ground and underground elements does not stand out in the burial ground. Here, we are dealing only with regional features typical for community members who lived there.

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SAKATANI, Suisho, Kengo OKAMOTO, and Teruyuki MONNAI. "TYPOLOGY AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF METAPHORS IN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 78, no. 685 (2013): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.78.527.

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Ruppert-Stroescu, Mary, and Jana M. Hawley. "A Typology of Creativity in Fashion Design and Development." Fashion Practice 6, no. 1 (May 2014): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175693814x13916967094759.

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Valeryevna, Drobchenko Natalya, and Khasanova Hafiza Bahriddinovna. "ROCKERIES AND ROCK GARDENS IN THE LANDSCAPE DESIGN OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 02, no. 05 (May 1, 2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-02-05-15.

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The article discusses the features of the construction of rockeries and rock gardens, studied their stylistic features. Some types of plants for planting them among stones are considered. Rockery, rock garden, stone, slide, style, decorative, plants, typology, alpine plants, landscape design

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CRONERT, AXEL. "Varieties of Employment Subsidy Design: Theory and Evidence from Across Europe." Journal of Social Policy 48, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 839–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000126.

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AbstractEmployment subsidy programs have experienced considerable expansion across Europe in recent decades. To date, most studies analyzing this policy shift have assumed that these programs are largely equivalent in terms of their designs, effects, and explanations. In contrast, this article argues that employment subsidies are best understood as versatile multi-purpose tools that can be used as means to rather different distributional ends. Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis to explore novel data from hundreds of employment subsidy programs across Europe, this article develops a new typology based on two overarching trade-offs. The typology highlights that employment subsidies may be designed to counteract as well as to sustain insider/outsider divides in the labor market, and that they may be designed to tackle either structural or cyclical labor market problems. In a first empirical evaluation of the typology, programs with different designs are found to vary systematically in terms of distributional outcomes and starting conditions.

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Smith, Andrew, Goran Vodicka, Alba Colombo, Kristina N. Lindstrom, David McGillivray, and Bernadette Quinn. "Staging city events in public spaces: an urban design perspective." International Journal of Event and Festival Management 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijefm-10-2020-0063.

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PurposeThere are two main aims of this conceptual paper. The first is to explore the issues associated with staging events in public spaces, and to produce a typology of different event spaces. The second is to explore if and how events should be designed into parks, streets and squares and whether this might reduce some of the negative impacts and associated user conflicts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses the history, drivers and effects of using public spaces as venues and examines the reciprocal relationships between events and the spaces that host them. To explain the range and dynamics of contemporary events, a typology of event spaces is developed. This typology highlights nine different types of event spaces which are differentiated by the level of public accessibility (free entry, sometimes free, paid entry), and the mobility of event audiences (static, limited mobility, mobile). Using this typology, the paper discusses ways that public spaces might be adapted to make them better suited to staging events. This discussion is illustrated by a range of examples.FindingsThe paper finds that it makes practical sense to adapt some urban public spaces to make them better equipped as venues, but designing in events presents new issues and does not necessarily resolve many of the problems associated with staging events. Disputes over events are inevitable and constituent features of public spaces.Originality/valueThis paper makes an original contribution by developing a new classification of event spaces and by synthesising ideas from urban design with ideas from the events literature.

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Gebauer, Heiko, Mirella Haldimann, and Caroline Jennings Saul. "A typology for management innovations." European Journal of Innovation Management 20, no. 4 (October 9, 2017): 514–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-06-2016-0059.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a typology of management innovations. Design/methodology/approach The authors apply a multiple-case (embedded) design, with each organization representing a case, which entails a few embedded units of analysis. Case studies are about the base-of-the-pyramid (BoP) initiatives, during which all organizations are interested in management innovations which support them in coming up with and implementing between two and four new management practices. Findings The findings suggest four types of management innovations: efficiency-driven, externally recommended, problem-oriented, and opportunity-oriented management innovation. Research limitations/implications This paper explores and analyses management innovations, rather than testing them. As with most qualitative research, the transferability of the findings is limited. Practical implications Managers should vigorously pursue management innovations, not only in BoP markets, but also in all markets. Practitioners must, however, ensure that they are not fully absorbed by a single type of management innovation, and recognize the importance of pursing multiple ones. Social implications For academics, the authors revitalize the concept of engaged scholarship. Originality/value Surprisingly, previous research looks either into generic or specific management innovations. The typology is original, since the typology offers a more fine-grained view on management innovations.

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Munoz, Albert, and Jonathon Mackay. "An online testing design choice typology towards cheating threat minimisation." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 16, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.16.3.5.

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Online testing is a popular practice for tertiary educators, largely owing to efficiency in automation, scalability, and capability to add depth and breadth to subject offerings. As with all assessments, designs need to consider whether student cheating may be inadvertently made easier and more difficult to detect. Cheating can jeopardise the validity of inference drawn from the measurements produced by online tests, leading to inaccurate signals and misperceptions about what students know and can do. This paper extends theoretical understanding about cheating behaviours to link online test design choices and their influence on a student’s capability and willingness to cheat. This research reviews the literature on cheating theories and a typology construction methodology to relate common online test design choices to their cheating threat consequence. In doing so, the typology offers educators designing online tests general normative guidance aimed at reducing threats to assessment inference validity, and academic integrity in general, brought about by student cheating. While we admit that cheating cannot be completely eliminated in online testing, the guidance provided by the typology can assist educators to structure online tests to minimise cheating.

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Fink, Lior, Simon Wyss, and Yossi Lichtenstein. "Aligning flexibility with uncertainty in software development arrangements through a contractual typology." Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgoss-11-2016-0033.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify a typology of procurement contracts in the context of software development projects that allows firms to align design flexibility with design uncertainty at the project level. The theoretical lenses of contract theory and software engineering are used to explain why the five archetypes in the proposed typology provide gradually increasing levels of design flexibility and to develop hypotheses about the associations between design flexibility and a set of project cost dimensions. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses are tested with objective contractual data from 270 software development contracts entered into by a leading international bank over a period of three years. Findings Data analysis confirms the existence of the proposed typology and shows that design flexibility is negatively associated with control and positively associated with coordination, trust, duration and price. Research limitations/implications Although the findings are based on the contracting practices of a single, albeit sophisticated, organization, they shed light on the ability of firms to align flexibility with uncertainty at the onset of new projects by taking advantage of nuanced contractual mechanisms to produce a broader set of contractual archetypes. Originality/value This paper is the first in the outsourcing literature to analyze a nuanced contractual typology in software development projects through the perspectives of both contract theory and software engineering.

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Katashinskikh, V. S. "Design of the Macro-Regional Educational Systems: Problems of Typology." University Management: Practice and Analysis 21, no. 1 (2017): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/umpa.2017.01.012.

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Chen, Steven. "How East Asian Organizations Implement Design Thinking (DT): A Typology." International Journal of Design Management and Professional Practice 14, no. 2 (2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-162x/cgp/v14i02/17-29.

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Wu, Shi Gang. "Application of Typology Method in Chinese-Style Clothing Pattern Design." Advanced Materials Research 331 (September 2011): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.331.590.

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In order to make clothing style sculpts to embody inherent culture and memory of clothing, and realize element design of pattern, here introduce typology method. This way use type extracting, type transforming, type innovating, and apply new idea and means. Through applying pattern example analyze process of clothing pattern design. It will provide new method for clothing structure design and reference for pattern design.

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Mackay, Jonathon, Albert Munoz, and Matthew Pepper. "A disaster typology towards informing humanitarian relief supply chain design." Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 22–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhlscm-06-2018-0049.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct a typology of a disaster that informs humanitarian-relief supply chain (HRSC) design across the stages of disaster relief. Design/methodology/approach In addition to an interdisciplinary review of pertinent literature, this paper utilises a typology construction method to propose theoretically and methodologically sound dimensions of disasters. Findings Whilst semantic arguments surrounding the concept of a “disaster” are ongoing, the authors propose three typologies based upon six dimensions that serve as interdependent variables informing resultant HRSC design considerations. These are speed of onset, time horizon, spatial considerations, affected population needs, perceived probability of occurrence and perceived magnitude of consequence. These combinational and independent relationships of the variables offer insight into key HRSC design-making considerations. Research limitations/implications The study improves conceptual knowledge of disasters, distilling the concept to only the dimensions applicable to HRSC design, omitting other applications. The typologies provide empirical cell types based on extant literature, but do not apply the models towards new or future phenomena. Practical implications This paper provides HRSC practitioners with normative guidance through a more targeted approach to disaster relief, with a focus on the impacted system and resulting interactions’ correspondence to HRSC design. Originality/value This paper provides three typological models of disasters uniquely constructed for HRSC design across the various stages of disaster relief.

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Fuchs, Christian, and Marianna Obrist. "HCI and Society: Towards a Typology of Universal Design Principles." International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 26, no. 6 (May 28, 2010): 638–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447311003781334.

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Carlier, Julien, and James Moran. "Landscape typology and ecological connectivity assessment to inform Greenway design." Science of The Total Environment 651 (February 2019): 3241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.077.

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Donoff, Gabrielle, and Rae Bridgman. "The playful city: constructing a typology for urban design interventions." International Journal of Play 6, no. 3 (September 2, 2017): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2017.1382995.

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Kamalipour, Hesam, and Kim Dovey. "Incremental production of urban space: A typology of informal design." Habitat International 98 (April 2020): 102133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102133.

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ABYZOV, VADYM. "SOME METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT’S OBJECTS DESIGN." Structure and Environment 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30540/sae-2020-011.

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The article discusses the methodological principles of typology and design of architectural environment’s objects with the analysis of its system-structural foundations. According to them, hierarchical levels of formation and stages of environmental systems and objects’ design are revealed with some examples of author’s designs. The research is based on systemic and environmental approaches that make it possible to view the architectural environment’s objects as hierarchically subordinate.

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Grierson, David, and Carolyn Moultrie. "Architectural Design Principles and Processes for Sustainability: Towards a Typology of Sustainable Building Design." Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal—Annual Review 5, no. 4 (2011): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1874/cgp/v05i04/38118.

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Colasante, Meg. "Not drowning, waving: The role of video in a renewed digital learning world." Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 38, no. 4 (November 4, 2022): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ajet.7915.

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While online teaching involves a range of contemporary digital tools, there are strong indicators for an ongoing place for video in a new digital learning world. For example, the use of video during the pandemic, to urgently translate on-campus lectures to online content, refocussed the argument on the role of video into the next phase of digital learning. Beyond a much-appreciated tool of convenience, what is video’s pedagogical role in higher education? This article draws from the literature, including reviews, theory, and case examples, to offer a typology to represent the role of video in university teaching practices, including intentional reasons to employ video beyond passive viewing. The typology is offered in three role types: functional purpose, academic focus (or knowledge type), and pedagogical strategy. It is recommended that university educational practitioners (including teachers, developers, and designers) consider video as multidimensional, and consult all three role types when designing video-based learning experiences, to maintain the human design processes within the complexity of teaching and learning. The typology is dynamic and adaptable to further emerging contexts. Implications for practice or policy: A typology of video roles demonstrates the multidimensional nature of video as a university teaching and learning tool, and thus signals the inherent complexity in digital teaching design practice. The video typology is offered for university educators to consult for intentional video-based learning design choices including to prompt considerations beyond passive student viewing. The typology is open for further adaptation into the future, for example, upon application to new cases.

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Idrissov, Agzam, Simon Rapp, Albert Albers, and Anja M. Maier. "DEVELOPING SYSTEMS VISUALISATIONS IN DESIGN THROUGH A TYPOLOGY OF VISUAL TASKS: A MECHATRONIC CASE." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.121.

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AbstractVisual representations are essential to design. Data-rich representations such as systems visualisations are gaining prominence in engineering practice. However, as such visualisations are often developed ad-hoc, we propose more systematically to link visual tasks with design-specific tasks for which the visualisations are used. Whereas research on such linking focuses mostly on CAD models and sketches, no such studies are yet available for systems visualisations. Thus, this paper introduces a typology of visual tasks from the Information Visualisation field to aid the development of systems visualisations in design. To build a visualisation using the typology, a case study with engineering students developing an autonomous robot was conducted. Through interviews and analysis of product representations used, design-specific tasks were identified and decomposed into visual tasks. Then, a visualisation that assisted the team in performing their design activities was created. Results illustrate the benefits of using such a typology to describe visual tasks and generate systems visualisations. The study suggests implications for researchers studying visual representations in design as well as for developers of systems visualisations.

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Zhang, Xiang. "Incremental Production of Urban Public Green Space: A ‘Spiral Space’ Building Typology." Buildings 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091330.

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This paper addresses a challenging global problem, insufficient accessible urban public green space, based on building typology. Offering sufficient public green spaces and maintaining the equalities of citizens’ accessibility in high-intensity urban cities has been increasingly challenging. Thus, providing adequate and accessible green public spaces by 2030 is a sub-goal of SDGs No. 11. Solving this urban problem is commonly considered the responsibility of urban planning; however, the potential of buildings is scarcely discussed in academia. Luckily, in the industry, many top architecture firms (studios) have tapped the particular potential of buildings via design practice. This practice-led research aims to understand the efforts made by industrial circles. Based on the fieldwork worldwide, this study proposes a ‘spiral space’ building typology to work as a conceptual framework for this emerging field. The key benefit of this building typology—incremental production of public green spaces—is qualitatively verified, and the good flexibility and international acceptance of this building typology are demonstrated based on global cases. This work could serve as a basis for future research on how buildings could play a greater role in supporting urban sustainability, such as enhancing the residents’ accessibility to public green space in metropolises. In addition, the building typology and corresponding design strategies discussed herein could also serve as references for future design practice for architects.

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Абизов, В. А., and О. М. Вовкотруб. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТИПОЛОГІЇ ТА ДИЗАЙНУ РОЗВАЖАЛЬНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ." Art and Design, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2018.3.3.

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Identification of features of classifications and system-structural principles of the typology of the entertaining institutions' architectural environment. Consideration of design features of objects of leisure according to the hierarchical levels of formation and development of their environment.The research is based on a systematic approach that allows us to consider the architectural environment of entertaining institutions as hierarchically subordinate to the integrity. Also are used methods of historical, comparative and typological analysis, field surveys.The article generalizes features of the typology of entertaining institutions. The specifics of their location in cities and rural settlements are considered.The classification of entertaining establishments for placing in buildings is offered. The hierarchical levels of formation and development of the architectural environment design of leisure facilities are revealed. Features and examples of design solutions are considered, including the existing buildings and structures, taking into account the transformation and adaptation of them for entertaining establishments.The typology of entertainment establishments is explored and systematized, their classification for placement in buildings is proposed. The peculiarities of the entertaining establishments design in accordance with the revealed hierarchical levels of formation and development of the architectural environment of leisure facilities are presented.The revealed features of the typology and approaches of the design of entertaining facilities can be used in the practical activities of designers and leisure organizations, which will allow them to introduce creative ideas and tools for creating a harmonious environment during their design.

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Yu, Eun. "Toward an Integrative Service Design Framework and Future Agendas." Design Issues 36, no. 2 (April 2020): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00589.

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This article aims to understand different service design concepts and investigate how multiple service design concepts may be better integrated and interconnected based on mutually benefitting relationships. It proposes a typology of three service design concepts and an integrative service design framework, which guides specific pathways for cross-fertilization between marketing/management-centric and design-centric service designs and the expansion of multidisciplinary service design. The framework can serve as a frame of reference for discussing service design and as a tool to position existing and future service design studies in the wide landscape of service designs.

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Liu, Han Zhou. "Residential Typology on Contemporary City-Complex." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.79.

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City-complex, a highly definite stage, usually presents to the lager city of the developed capitalism countries with high urbanization degree. However, there have appeared the upsurges of the complex’s development and construction in China, which is still in lower urbanization degree. In this article, author set about from the city-complex's perceive definition, and reviewed the developed characteristics of city-complex during deferent history periods, then analyzed contemporary city-complex’s design forms and development tendency in China.

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Kostycheva, A. A., and E. S. Astakhova. "ARCHITECTURE OF CHILDREN TECHNOPARKS." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 5 (October 29, 2019): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-5-62-73.

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The article analyzes the experience of design and organization of children technoparks, a new type of buildings of supplementary education appeared in 2015 in Russia, and, consequently, not enough studied, especially in terms of architectural organization.The paper analyzes the existing children, determines their typology, identifies architectural and planning solutions, planning structure of cities. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for technopark design, including their types, functional structure, architectural planning, and to elaborate a project for Rostov-on-Don.The research results include the typology, organizational and pedagogic structure of children technoparks, creation of models of educational processes that determine architectural organization of technoparks of different typology. Emerging trends in the technopark development are identified: „Quantorum‟ technopark; technoparks based on existing enterprises and institutions, academic institutions and public buildings (museums, media centres, etc.).The conclusion is the typology definition of technoparks in Rostov-on-Don, their models and proposals for their inclusion in the urban planning structure.

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Schuh, Guenther, and Simon Ryschka. "Typology of Technology Platform Goals in Diversified Companies." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 6, no. 11 (June 13, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v6i11.52.

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The significance of technology platforms as networks of technological knowledge is growing in diversified companies. The reason is that technology platforms support diversified companies to handle the conflicting priorities of individualized innovations and generating synergies. Hence, the success of diversified companies can be significantly affected by the systematic design of technology platforms. Key prerequisite for such a systematic platform design is the consistent description of the various technology platform goals. In practice however, companies find it difficult to consistently describe the various technology platform goals due to a lack of methodology. As a consequence, a misalignment between the platform goals and the platform design is noticeable, leading to unsustainable technology platform concepts. Therefore, the authors introduce in this paper an approach to consistently describe technology platform goals in diversified companies. This is done by synthesizing the various variables into a single, unified typology that allows to express complicated relationships among the various variables without resorting to oversimplification. The development of the typology is performed by using a combined deductive and inductive approach on the basis of existing literature as well as knowledge about technology platforms in industrial practice. With the assistance of the typology, diversified companies are able to consistently describe their technology platform goals and design sustainable technology platform concepts.

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