Journal articles: 'Design specifications'

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Spescha, Daniel, Sascha Weikert, and Konrad Wegener. "Design to Specifications - A Strategy for Specification-Based Machine Design." Procedia CIRP 77 (2018): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2018.08.223.

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Huicong, Hu, and Lu Wen-Feng. "Design specification representation for intelligent product appearance design." E3S Web of Conferences 179 (2020): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017902004.

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Traditional intelligent product design usually focuses on functional design, aiming to generate appropriate structures that would provide required functions. Design specifications are mainly formulized into technical descriptions or values that are related to certain functional or usability requirements. In today’s global market, to in-crease user satisfaction, the appearance design of a product become vital for users to make purchasing decisions. This is particularly true of today’s consumer products such as mobile phones, digital cameras, and other electronic products. In intelligent product appearance design, design specifications are merely described as basic geometric dimensions and types of surface materials. Additionally, the aesthetic considerations and emotional needs of product appearance are seldom discussed when establishing design specifications for product appearance design. In this regard, the objective of this study is to propose a design specification representation framework for intelligent product appearance design considering both emotional and aesthetic aspects. The framework be-gins to investigate user needs by acquiring user aesthetic experience. Based on the notion of aesthetic experience, a detailed representation model of appearance design specifications is provided for satisfying user emotional and aesthetic needs. Finally, a case study of the appearance design of digital cameras is provided to demonstrate the acquisition of user needs and establishment of design specifications based on the proposed framework.

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Coruh, Esen. "Teaching technical specifications in fashion design education." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2016): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjhss.v2i1.319.

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Alexander, Perry. "Task Analysis and Design Plans in Formal Specification Design." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 08, no. 02 (June 1998): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194098000133.

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This paper presents BENTON, a prototype system demonstrating task analysis and multi-agent reasoning applied to formal specification synthesis. BENTON transforms specifications written as attribute-value pairs into Larch Modula-3 interface language and Larch Shared Language specifications. BENTON decomposes the software specification design task into synthesis, analysis and evaluation subtasks. Each subtask is assigned a specific design method based on problem and domain characteristics. This task analysis is achieved using blackboard knowledge sources and multi-agent reasoning employing design plans to implement different problem solving methods. Knowledge sources representing different problem solving methodologies monitor blackboard spaces and activate when they are applicable. When executed, Design plans send subtasks to agents that select from available problem solving methodologies. BENTON agents and knowledge sources use case-based reasoning, schemata-based reasoning and procedure execution as their fundamental reasoning methods. This paper presents an overview of the BENTON design model, its agent architecture and plan execution capabilities, and two annotated examples of BENTON problem solving activities.

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Tsai, Jhy-Cherng, and Mark R. Cutkosky. "Representation and reasoning of geometric tolerances in design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 4 (September 1997): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400003255.

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AbstractThe geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) specifications of a design are directly associated with its performance and functional requirements. They also govern the manufacturing and quality control processes needed to achieve those requirements. This paper reviews recent work in geometric tolerance representation and reasoning and presents a generic and uniform graph-based representation scheme, called the Tolerance Network, to represent GD&T specifications across a part or assembly. The network can accommodate GD&T specifications related to the function, behavior, manufacturing, and inspection requirements embedded in design specifications and supports the use of different types of tolerances. The network also accommodates common design practices such as the specification of overconstrained features and parts. The necessary properties of such a network are discussed that allow under- and overconstrained design specifications to be detected and analyzed.

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Kusiak, A., and E. Szczerbicki. "A Formal Approach to Specifications in Conceptual Design." Journal of Mechanical Design 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2917057.

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In this paper, a methodology for the specification stage in conceptual design is presented. The specification stage provides requirements and transforms them into functions of the designed object. It occurs at the highest level of abstraction and it must provide enough information for the synthesis process where functions are transformed into design components that are further synthesized into the designed object. The proposed approach includes the following issues: specification of requirements, specification of functions, incorporation of logic into functional and requirement trees, representation of requirements-functions interaction, and optimization in the functional space. The methodology presented is illustrated with examples. Key words: design requirements, design specifications, conceptual design, design process, artificial intelligence, formal method

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Dandekar, Abhay, Ibrahim Zeid, and Theodore Bardasz. "User interface for specification language for case-based mechanical design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 1 (January 1997): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001815.

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AbstractCase-based design (CBD) systems aim to solve a design problem by tailoring previously solved design problems to the current problem. Designers' specifications are used for indexing the knowledge base of the CBD system to retrieve an appropriate design case. Menu-based systems fail to capture designers' specifications effectively due to lack of expressiveness, while natural language systems are too immature to satisfy the goal. This paper presents the development of a graphical user interface (GUI) to implement a mechanical design specification language (MDSL) (Stelling, 1994) used to facilitate indexing in case-based mechanical design. The specification language is context-free and hence computable. It represents mechanical design knowledge in a (feature):(attribute) format suitable for indexing. An augmented transition network (ATN) parser is built using the grammar of the specification language. The parser provides syntactic as well as semantic checks. It also has capabilities to expand grammar and to adapt to a specific user domain. A graphical front end to the parser assists and guides the user through the specification language syntax in entering the design specifications. Provisions have been made to expand or edit the language grammar and vocabulary. The ATN parser was implemented in Common Lisp and the graphical user interface was written using the Gold Hill Windows Toolkit. Sample user interactions with the interface and screen dumps of the GUI are included.

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Luo, Zhaohui. "Program specification and data refinement in type theory." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 3, no. 3 (September 1993): 333–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000256.

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The study of type theory may offer a uniform language for modular programming, structured specification and logical reasoning. We develop an approach to program specification and data refinement in a type theory with a strong logical power and nice structural mechanisms to show that it provides an adequate formalism for modular development of programs and specifications. Specification of abstract data types is considered, and a notion of abstract implementation between specifications is defined in the type theory and studied as a basis for correct and modular development of programs by stepwise refinement. The higher-order structural mechanisms in the type theory provide useful and flexible tools (specification operations and parameterized specifications) for modular design and structured specification. Refinement maps (programs and design decisions) and proofs of implementation correctness can be developed by means of the existing proof development systems based on type theories.

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HOUDEK, FRANK, THILO SCHWINN, and DIETMAR ERNST. "DEFECT DETECTION FOR EXECUTABLE SPECIFICATIONS — AN EXPERIMENT." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 12, no. 06 (December 2002): 637–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194002001128.

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The deployment of executable specifications has increased significantly in the last few years. Just as with any other specification documents, these specifications must be examined to ensure the necessary degree of quality. A common and successful technique used for examining traditional specifications is inspection. Now the question has arisen whether inspections on executable specification are the best choice, or if other techniques which use the execution capabilities of the models perform better. In this paper, we empirically compare several defect detection techniques for executable specifications. In particular, we examine inspections, testing, and ad-hoc simulation. Here, we use the specification languages Statemate and Matlab/Simulink. Also, we take a closer look at the inspection process itself and try to quantify the benefits of an inspection meeting for executable specifications.

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CHEN, YIFENG, and J. W. SANDERS. "TOP-DOWN DESIGN OF BULK-SYNCHRONOUS PARALLEL PROGRAMS." Parallel Processing Letters 13, no. 03 (September 2003): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626403001367.

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This paper studies top-down program development techniques for Bulk-Synchronous Parallelism. In that context a specification formalism LOGS, for 'the Logic of Global Synchrony', has been proposed for the specification and high-level development of BSP designs. This paper extends the use of LOGS to provide support for the protection of local variables in BSP programs, thus completing the link between specifications and programs.

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Deng, Ke, and Ning Hui Huang. "Design of New Fixture for Standardized Cutter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.737.

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In view of present situation that fixture for standardized cutter can install only one specification of standardized cutter and center height of cutter blade must be calibrated by gaskets, a new-style multi-functional fixture was designed which can clamp various specifications of standardized cutters and be adjusted more precisely and easily by screws. The main design contents include general structure of fixture, installation space of cutter, harford vertical adjusting mechanism, cutter lateral fastening and screwdown column; lateral fastening force, screwdown clamping force and tighten torque of different specifications of cutters are calculated afterwards. It has been proven by practices that the new fixture has good effects and meets demand of production well.

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Egiri, Yohanna Ogbu. "Creative Design: An Integral Aspect of Innovation in Industrial Design and Technology." International Journal of Innovation 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/iji.v3i1.35.

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Design and Innovation is a twin words which are most discussed when it comes to creativity in highly competitive markets. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of design and designers in the context of product innovation is insufficiently understood and explored. Mostly, innovation is meant to be the achievement of science and technology, while design as the last element in this chain has the task to introduce the scientific and technological innovation into the life-world of the user. The list of needs include hidden needs, needs that customers may not be aware of or problems they simply accept without question, as well as explicit needs, or needs that will most likely be reported by potential purchasers. Researchers develop the necessary information on which to base the performance, size, weight, service life, and other specifications of the product. Customer needs and product specifications are organized into a hierarchical list with a comparative rating value given to each need and specification. Keywords: Design, Innovation, Technology, Creative design, Product innovation, Customer.

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Scholz, Peter. "Incremental design of statechart specifications." Science of Computer Programming 40, no. 1 (May 2001): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6423(00)00026-5.

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Antoy, S. "Systematic design of algebraic specifications." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 14, no. 3 (May 1989): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/75200.75241.

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Schachinger, Peter, and Hans L. Johannesson. "Computer modelling of design specifications." Journal of Engineering Design 11, no. 4 (December 2000): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0954482001000935.

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Krakauer, David C., Lydia Müller, Sonja J. Prohaska, and Peter F. Stadler. "Design specifications for cellular regulation." Theory in Biosciences 135, no. 4 (November 18, 2016): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12064-016-0239-5.

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Fu, Ke, and James K. Mills. "A Convex Approach Solving Simultaneous Mechanical Structure and Control System Design Problems With Multiple Closed-loop Performance Specifications." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 127, no. 1 (June 16, 2004): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1876493.

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In this paper, a new integrated design method, referred to as the extended multiple simultaneous specification (EMSS) method, is proposed to solve simultaneous mechanical structure and control system design problems in which a set of n multiple closed-loop performance specifications must be simultaneously satisfied. To utilize this approach, all closed-loop performance specifications considered must have the property that they are convex with respect to the closed-loop system transfer matrix. With the proposed approach, a simply implemented two-stage design approach is used to determine a set of open-loop mechanical system design parameters and a closed-loop controller which simultaneously satisfies a set of n closed-loop performance specifications. In the first stage, for each closed-loop performance specification, one “sample system,” i.e., the closed-loop system with one set of mechanical design parameters with a closed-loop controller chosen from the set of all linear controllers, is determined by trial and error, such that the specification is satisfied. In the second stage, the transfer matrix of the final system, which satisfies all n performance specifications, is determined through the convex combination of the transfer matrices of n sample systems. A linear programming problem is solved to give the combination vector for this convex combination. With the closed-loop transfer matrix given, the mechanical design parameters, the closed-loop controller structure and its gains, are solved algebraically. In this paper, we establish conditions for the existence of a solution to this integrated design problem as well as prove that the EMSS approach retains the stability properties of the sample systems. Experimental results of the EMSS method, carried out on a linear positioning system are given, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method. We note that the proposed EMSS method works well when the number of design parameters to be determined is small. Further, the proposed EMSS method also has some utility as a controller design method, to determine a closed-loop controller that satisfies a set of n multiple closed-loop performance specifications, given a fixed mechanical system structure.

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Wang, Yamin, Ramakrishna V. Vishnuvajjala, and Wei-Tek Tsai. "Sequence Specification for Concurrent Object-Oriented Applications." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 08, no. 03 (September 1998): 361–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194098000200.

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Modeling synchronization among threads is important for the specification, design, and testing of concurrent object-oriented applications such as those written in Java. This paper proposes Synchronized Method Sequence Specification (SMtSS), a mechanism for specifying synchronization requirements among multiple threads sharing a common object. SMtSS identifies two kinds of synchronization among the sharing threads, internal and external ones, and explicitly specifies the synchronization scenarios. SMtSS also proposes notations for specifying different data integrity constraints on method executions. This paper also proposes specification-slicing techniques to obtain specific behavior of certain threads from SMtSS specifications. Finally, this paper discusses how SMtSS specifications can be useful in the design and testing of concurrent object-oriented applications in Java.

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HAMID, ISSAM A., and MOHAMED ERRADI. "DYNAMIC EVOLUTION OF DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS SPECIFICATIONS USING REFLECTIVE LANGUAGE." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 05, no. 04 (December 1995): 511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194095000253.

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Recently, object-oriented specifications of distributed systems has gained more attention. The object-oriented approach is known for its flexibility for system construction. However, one of the major challenges is to provide facilities for the dynamic modifications of such specifications during the development and maintenance process. Yet, current work has not addressed the dynamic modifications of specifications of distributed systems. In this paper, we are concerned with formal description techniques that allow for the development and dynamic modification of executable specifications. A two-level model for the evolution of large object-oriented specifications is introduced. The first deals with the dynamic modifications of types (classes), while the second deals with modifications of modules. We have defined a set of structural and behavioral constraints to ensure specification consistency after modification at both levels. To allow dynamic modification of types and modules, we have developed a reflective object-oriented specification language which uses meta-objects to support the modification operations. In this language, types and modules are objects.

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WANG, ZHIJIAN, WENRUI LI, and PENGCHENG ZHANG. "COMPARING AND IMPROVING THE SYNTHESIS OF STATE-BASED SPECIFICATIONS FROM SCENARIO-BASED SPECIFICATIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 22, no. 07 (November 2012): 867–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194012500234.

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The scenario-based specifications are popularly used to capture user requirements. The state-based specifications are very appropriate to capture system design. Recently, there has been increased research interest in connecting these two kinds of specifications, called synthesis. Synthesis is a way to automatically construct the state-based specifications from the scenario-based specifications. There are two kinds of synthesis methods: global synthesis and local synthesis. Global synthesis means constructing a state-based specification for the whole system from the scenario-based specifications, while local synthesis means constructing a state-based specification for each object in the system. The two different synthesis methods have different uses and need to be systematically compared. The contributions of this paper are twofold. Firstly, we propose an improved method supporting the global and the local synthesis of state machines (a kind of state-based specifications) by using a novel algorithm for state machine execution and an algorithm similar to operator priority analysis method, which can fully automate the process of synthesis. Our synthesis method also satisfies two important properties: completeness and soundness. Secondly, to the best of our knowledge, our work does the first attempt to systematically compare global synthesis with local synthesis, and shows some insightful results of the experimental comparison between the two kinds of synthesis methods, which are valuable for the practitioners to choose an appropriate synthesis method for the analysis and verification of the system.

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Kazmer, David, David Hatch, Liang Zhu, Christoph Roser, and Deepak Kapoor. "Definition and Application of a Process Flexibility Index." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 125, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1536174.

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A performance index, Cf, is developed for assessing the flexibility of candidate engineering designs and manufacturing processes at various stages during product development. The index is a ratio of the range of the feasible space to the range of the specification or measured process variation. The process flexibility index complements the process capability index, Cp, to provide a simple and quantitative basis for practicing the principles of axiomatic design. This quantitative measure can be used to support rational product development and manufacturing investment decisions, and clearly illustrates important concepts regarding controllability across conflicting specifications. A high Cp indicates that the design or process can consistently manufacture the product within precisely defined performance specifications. A high Cf indicates that the process can be easily changed to meet diverse performance specifications. The evaluation of Cf requires the mapping of the global feasible space, the solution to which is also discussed.

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FERRUCCI, F., G. NOTA, G. PACINI, S. OREFICE, and G. TORTORA. "ON THE REFINEMENT OF LOGIC SPECIFICATIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 02, no. 03 (September 1992): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194092000208.

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Refining a specification S1 means to provide another specification S2 which contains all the information given in S1 but with more detail. In this paper, we use logical implication from lower to higher levels of logic specifications to give a definition of refinement between these levels. This guarantees that any property of the higher level is also verified at the lower one. The definition of the relation "is refinement of" is given for specifications which are general first-order theories and it is proved to be transitive. A relevant aspect is that the different levels of logic specifications are in general not immediately comparable, because they can use different vocabularies. For this reason, the concept of transcription is introduced formally in our definition. Then the particular case of Horn specifications is considered. Horn specification semantics can be given by the methodology of least models. This may suggest definitions of the concept of refinement different from the one based on logical implication from lower to higher levels. However, conceptual problems can arise depending on the kind of the refinement definition chosen. Perhaps the most interesting effect is that the property of refinement transitivity may be lost. A possible way to restore the transitivity is provided.

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Ammons, Glenn, Rastislav Bodík, and James R. Larus. "Mining specifications." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 37, no. 1 (January 2002): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/565816.503275.

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Pinarbasi, S., T. Genc, E. Akpinar, and F. Okay. "Comparison of Design Guidelines for Hot-Rolled I-Shaped Steel Compression Members according to AISC 360-16 and EC3." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 28, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6853176.

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Thirty-six years after its publication, Turkish Building Code for Steel Structures was replaced with a more rational specification, Specification of Design and Construction of Steel Structures (SDCSS), which was prepared almost entirely based on the current American steel design specification (AISC 360-16). European steel design specification (EC3) is also widely used in Turkey for the design of steel structures constructed with the collaboration of Turkish and European companies. It is essential for a steel designer using both SDCSS and EC3 to comprehend the basic differences between these specifications. This study aims to compare the design guidelines defined in AISC 360-16 (so in SDCSS) and EC3 for rolled I-shaped steel members subjected to axial compression thoroughly. For various steel grades, member lengths, and 153 different European I/H sections, design buckling resistances and design compressive strengths are computed and compared. It is shown that there are at most 3% difference between the effective areas computed using both specifications. It is highly recommended that the change of cross section class be allowed while calculating design buckling resistances. For the studied sections and steel grades, the resistance-to-strength ratios are found to be as high as 1.24 but not smaller than 0.907.

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Zhang, Jian, Bingbing Li, Alessandro Simeone, Xingpeng Chu, and Peihua Gu. "Design decision based on dependencies among product specifications." MATEC Web of Conferences 301 (2019): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930100012.

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Changes in product specifications and their combinations can be achieved through adaptations of physical components. To better satisfy the changeable product specifications, design decisions on physical components need to be made by considering the dependencies among product specifications. In this paper, a method for dependencies quantification among product specifications is defined from the statistical point of view. Since product specifications are achieved by physical components, then the statistical dependencies among product physical components are analyzed based on specifications/components relationships. A method for design decision support based on components clustering is proposed for new product development. An example is provided to illustrate the proposed methodology.

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KAPUR, KAILASH C., and BYUNG-RAE CHO. "ECONOMIC DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIFICATIONS." Quality Engineering 6, no. 3 (January 1994): 401–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08982119408918736.

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Kim, Y. C., L. H. Keel, and S. Manabe. "CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR TIME DOMAIN SPECIFICATIONS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35, no. 1 (2002): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.01232.

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Peng, Chi-Han, Yong-Liang Yang, Fan Bao, Daniel Fink, Dong-Ming Yan, Peter Wonka, and Niloy J. Mitra. "Computational network design from functional specifications." ACM Transactions on Graphics 35, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2897824.2925935.

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Hedlind, Mikael, and Torsten Kjellberg. "Kinematical product specifications in engineering design." CIRP Annals 63, no. 1 (2014): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2014.03.097.

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PADAWITZ, PETER. "Inductive Theorem Proving for Design Specifications." Journal of Symbolic Computation 21, no. 1 (January 1996): 41–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsco.1996.0003.

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KAZMIERCZAK, EDMUND, PHILIP DART, LEON STERLING, and MICHAEL WINIKOFF. "VERIFYING REQUIREMENTS THROUGH MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND ANIMATION." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 10, no. 02 (April 2000): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194000000146.

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Achieving confidence in the correctness, completeness and consistency of requirements specifications can be problematic and the consequences of incorrect requirements can be costly. In this paper we argue that specification and animation can provide reasonably high levels of assurance in the requirements without the overheads of using general purpose theorem proving tools. We propose a framework based on mode analysis and the operational semantics of logic programs for animating specifications. The framework allows us to combine prototyping and limited forms of automated deduction to increase our levels of confidence in specifications. Finally, we show how such a framework can be used to increase the level of confidence in the correctness of a simple dependency management system specification written in Z.

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KAMTHAN, PANKAJ. "A FRAMEWORK FOR THE PRAGMATIC QUALITY OF Z SPECIFICATIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 16, no. 05 (October 2006): 769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194006002938.

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Z is a formal specification language for describing sequential software systems. As the use of Z increases, the quality of Z specifications as effective means of communication arises. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a systematic assessment of the quality of Z specifications as perceived by their stakeholders. A pragmatic quality framework for Z specifications using notions from semiotics, cognitive psychology, and information system quality is proposed. The goals for pragmatic quality, and manageable criteria and mechanisms to address them in a feasible manner are identified. The utility and trade-offs of the mechanisms in achieving the quality goals of the framework are analyzed. Examples that lead to compromise of pragmatic quality in a Z specification, and techniques for improvement, are given.

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EL-GENDY, HAZEM, and NABIL EL-KADHI. "FORMAL METHOD FOR AUTOMATED TRANSFORMATION OF LOTOS SPECIFICATIONS TO ESTELLE SPECIFICATIONS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 05 (October 2005): 873–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002567.

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ISO and IEC have jointly developed two Formal Description Techniques (FDTs) for specifying distributed real time systems such as computer/telecommunications protocols. These are Lotos and Estelle. In this paper, a formal method for automated transformation of a Lotos specification to an Estelle specification is presented. The method is applicable to various Lotos specification styles and to various communications protocols of ISO OSI layers. Our method has applications in conformance testing of such systems and building common semantic model for the various FDTs. In this paper, we develop an algorithm for constructing a 'Data Oriented'-Restricted Behavior Tree T that represent both the control flow aspects and the data flow aspects of the system. Then, we develop an algorithm for constructing the Estelle specifications from T. A minimization rule is also developed to optimize the size of the Estelle specification by reducing both the number of states and the number of transitions.

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Hsu, Wei Ting, Dung Myau Lue, and Cheng Yen Liao. "Limiting Buckling Moment Design for Singly Symmetric Girders." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.791.

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Girders with singly symmetric sections are more efficient and economical then the double symmetric sections. However, the theoretical moment calculations for singly symmetric sections are not an easy task. The difficulty comes from some of the evaluation of torsion properties. Current AISC specifications [1, 2] are not provided the theoretical formulas for the critical moment curves of singly symmetric girders. In AISC specification [1], which revisions the residual stress design to influence the limiting buckling moment strength. This study introduces the singly symmetric girders design methods with theoretical and design manual, and compared the limiting buckling moment with the specification of AISC [1, 2]. It will enable practicing engineers to perform more in-depth evaluation in their routine deigns.

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Hu, Lei, He Gao Wu, Chang Zheng Shi, and Ying Han Xie. "Comparative Study on Design of Exposed Penstock Laid on Ground Using Chinese and American Specifications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2000–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2000.

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In this paper, differences by using selected three typical specifications—DL/T 5141-2001 (Chinese), ASCE No.79 in the version of 1993(American) and ASCE No.79 in the version of 2012 (American)—in structural design of exposed steel penstock were explored. A practical example about exposed penstock laid on ground applied in hydropower station was also used to analyze specifications clearly. The result shows that the main differences between Chinese and American specifications are allowable stress and load combination. The former is direct factor of calculating exposed penstock shell thickness. Therefore, ASCE No.79 (2012) designs the minimum wall thickness, followed by DL/T 5141-2001 and the last is ASCE No.79 (1993), which is correspondingly contrary to sort by allowable stress. Basically, ASCE No.79 (2012) defines lower safety coefficient for exposed penstock, which is identical with authoritative rules of pressure vessels in the U.S.A and EU. The safety of DL/T 5141-2001 has been proved via rich engineering experience and this specification is recommended for Chinese projects. Besides, ASCE No.79 (2012) is recommended.

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Lee, Jihwan, Namwoo Cho, Myung Hwan Yun, and Yushin Lee. "Data-Driven Design Solution of a Mismatch Problem between the Specifications of the Multi-Function Console in a Jangbogo Class Submarine and the Anthropometric Dimensions of South Koreans Users." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010415.

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The naval multi-function console provides various types of information to the operator. It is equipment that is key for submarine navigation, and fatal human errors can occur due to the mismatch between the console specifications and the operator’s body size. This study proposes a method for deriving console specifications suitable for the body size of Korean users. The seat height, seat width, seat depth, upper edge of backrest, and worktable height were selected as the target design variables. Using six anthropometric dimensions, a mismatch equation for each target design variable was developed. Anthropometric measures of 2027 Korean males were obtained, and the optimal specifications of the console were derived via an algorithmic approach. As a result, the match rate, considering all the target design variables, was improved from 2.57% to 76.96%. In previous studies and standards, the optimal console specifications were suggested based on the anthropometric data of a specific percentile of users, and it was impossible to quantitatively confirm the suitability of the console design for the target users. However, the method used in this study calculated the match rate using the mismatch equation devised for comfortable use of the console and a large amount of anthropometric data that represented the user population, and therefore the improvement effect of the recommended specification can be directly identified when compared to the current specifications. Moreover, the methodology and results of this study could be used for deciding the specifications of multi-function consoles in several fields, including nuclear power plants or disaster situation rooms.

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DARR, TIMOTHY, MARK KLEIN, and DEBORAH L. McGUINNESS. "Special Issue: Configuration Design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 12, no. 4 (September 1998): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060498124010.

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In configuration design parts are selected and connected to meet customer specifications and engineering and physical constraints. Specifications include preferences (e.g., “prefer lower cost to higher performance, all things being equal”), bounds on various resources (e.g., “the computer should have four PCI slots”), and other information to customize a configuration. Constraints typically arise from exogenous concerns, such as the available parts, the way parts can interact, and the manufacturing plant.

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TOGASHI, ATSUSHI, GLENN MANSFIELD, and NORIO SHIRATORI. "ANIMATING LOTOS SPECIFICATIONS USING AMLOG." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 06, no. 01 (March 1996): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194096000028.

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In order to achieve a more convenient and intelligent handling of LOTOS specifications, an approach is proposed wherein specifications are translated into an appropriate equational logic language and interpreted. LOTOS has an excellent formal model for describing communication processes and equational logic languages have the capability of inferencing and data abstraction. Naturally, the marriage of LOTOS and equational logic provides a powerful framework with features that could not be realized in existing technologies. To demonstrate this potential, AMLOG is chosen as the appropriate equational logic language. Apart from rapid prototyping of specifications, some of the exciting possibilities of the new framework that are demonstrated include stepwise refinement and testing for correctness of specifications, facilities for property checking and verification of bisimulation equivalences. Also, the derivation of behavior expressions from trace histories is shown. The approach, extensible to other FDTs as well, is a step towards realizing an intelligent communication protocol specification environment.

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Russo, A., B. Nuseibeh, and J. Kramer. "Restructuring requirements specifications." IEE Proceedings - Software 146, no. 1 (1999): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-sen:19990156.

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Blackshear, Sam, and Shuvendu K. Lahiri. "Almost-correct specifications." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 48, no. 6 (June 23, 2013): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2499370.2462188.

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Wu, Fangjun, and Tong Yi. "Slicing Z specifications." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 39, no. 8 (August 2004): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1026474.1026481.

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Fandika, Ardian. "Some Hints to Develop Particular Line Pipe Specification." MATEC Web of Conferences 269 (2019): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926901008.

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When procuring the carbon steel line pipe for pipeline project, frequently the purchaser refers to the international standards/specifications such as API SPEC 5L without any particular requirements. Many users thought these standards/specifications already addressed what are needed in their project; but unfortunately it is not completely true. The specification such as API SPEC 5L clearly mentioned in the special notes section that the users should not rely exclusively on the information contained in the specification and it is users’ responsibilities to define the product characteristics which meet the design criteria and suitable for the construction and the operation of the installation (e.g. pipeline). Through this paper, the author tries to give some ideas on particular specification for line pipe.

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Moreno, José Carlos, Alfonso Baños, and Manuel Berenguel. "The Design of QFT Robust Compensators with Magnitude and Phase Specifications." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/105143.

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The frequency response is an important tool for practical and efficient design of control systems. Control techniques based on frequency response are of special interest to dealing with important subjects such as the bandwidth and the cost of feedback. Furthermore, these techniques are easily adapted to deal with the uncertainty of the process to control. Quantitative feedback theory (QFT) is an engineering design technique of uncertain feedback systems that uses frequency domain specifications. This paper analyzes the phase specifications problem in frequency domain using QFT. This type of specification is not commonly taken into account due to the fundamental limitations of the linear control given by Bode's integral. An algorithm is proposed aimed at achieving prespecified closed-loop transfer function phase and magnitude variations, taking into account the plant uncertainty. A two-degrees-of-freedom feedback control structure is used and a new type of boundary is defined to satisfy these objectives. As the control effort heavily depends on a good estimation of these boundaries, the proposed algorithm allows avoiding overdesign.

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Lima, Lucas, Rodrigo Bonifácio, Edna Canedo, Thiago Mael de Castro, Ricardo Fernandes, Alisson Palmeira, and Uirá Kulesza. "NeoIDL: A Domain Specific Language for Specifying REST Contracts Detailed Design and Extended Evaluation." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 25, no. 09n10 (November 2015): 1653–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194015400379.

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Service-oriented computing has emerged as an effective approach for integrating business (and systems) that might spread throughout different organizations. A service is a unit of logic modularization that hides implementation details using well-defined contracts. However, existing languages for contract specification in this domain present several limitations. For instance, both WSDL and Swagger use language-independent data formats (XML and JSON) that are not suitable for specifying contracts and often lead to heavyweight specifications. Interface description languages, such as CORBA IDL and Apache Thrift, solve this issue by providing specific languages for contract specifications. Nevertheless, these languages do not target to the REST architectural style and lack support for language extensibility. In this paper we present the design and implementation of NeoIDL, an extensible domain specific language and program generator for writing REST based contracts that are further translated into service’s implementations. In addition, we also present a systematic evaluation of our approach from different perspectives, which involved the implementation of different services using NeoIDL from the domain of Command & Control. In particular, we found initial evidences that shows that NeoIDL can contribute: (i) to bring return on investment with respect to the design and development of NeoIDL, after the implementation of 4 to 7 services; and (ii) to reduce significantly the number of lines of specification when compared to an existing service specification language such as Swagger.

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Stefanello, Giusepe, Antônio Lilles Tavares Machado, Ângelo Vieira dos Reis, Roberto Lilles Tavares Machado, and César Silva de Morais. "Design specifications of a human-powered planter." Ciência Rural 46, no. 12 (September 5, 2016): 2118–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20160262.

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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to establish the design specifications of a human-powered punch planter for maize and beans through the application of a systematic design methodology. The most important design requirements and their specifications are related to technical performance and production cost.

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ter Brugge, M. H., J. A. G. Nijhuis, and L. Spaanenburg. "Transformational DT-CNN design from morphological specifications." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 45, no. 9 (1998): 879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.721253.

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Auge, I., F. Petrot, F. Donnet, and P. Gomez. "Platform-based design from parallel C specifications." IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems 24, no. 12 (December 2005): 1811–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcad.2005.852431.

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Meniru, K., H. Rivard, and C. Bédard. "Specifications for computer-aided conceptual building design." Design Studies 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-694x(02)00009-1.

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Yassine, Ali A., and Donald R. Falkenburg. "A Framework for Design Process Specifications Management." Journal of Engineering Design 10, no. 3 (September 1999): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095448299261290.

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Klimek, Radosław. "From workflow design patterns to logical specifications." Automatyka/Automatics 17, no. 1 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/automat.2013.17.1.59.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Design specifications'

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