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Hughes, Thomas S. "Animation prototyping of formal specifications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/27241.
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At the present time one of the key issues relating to the design of real-time systems is the specification of software requirements. It is now clear that specification correctness is an essential factor for the design and implementation of high quality software. As a result considerable emphasis is placed on producing specifications which are not only correct, but provably so. This has led to the application of mathematically-based formal specification techniques in the software life-cycle model. Unfortunately, experience in safety-critical systems has shown that specification correctness is not, in itself, sufficient. Such specifications must also be comprehensible to all involved in the system development. The topic of this thesis—Animation Prototyping—is a methodology devised to make such specifications understandable and usable. Its primary objective is to demonstrate key properties of formal specifications to non-software specialists. This it does through the use of computer-animated pictures which respond to the dictates of the formal specification.
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Chiesi, Stephanie Sharo 1977. "System design visualizations for synthesizing intent specifications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16654.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-56).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Today's aerospace industry is faced not only with the challenges of developing spacecraft and supporting technologies to explore the unknown, but they must do so successfully with tighter budgets and fewer personnel. Mission failure causes publicity that the industry cannot afford in this economy. To maintain project schedules and prevent budget overruns, problems in the spacecraft system design must be found early in the development stages. An approach to using existing system design visualizations to aid system verification and validation in the early design stages is described. These commonly used system design visualizations are used to create and intent specification in a systems engineering development environment known as SpecTRM. The intent specification is executable and analyzable, allowing system design flaws and requirements problems to be determined prior to any hardware or coding development. An example of the utilization of these system design visualizations to create an intent specification is applied to the mobility and positioning system (MAPS) of a robot designed to process thermal tiles on the space shuttle.
by Stephanie Sharo Chiesi.
S.M.
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Verdier, Guillaume. "Variants of acceptance specifications for modular system design." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30044/document.
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Les programmes informatiques prennent une place de plus en plus importante dans nos vies. Certains de ces programmes, comme par exemple les systèmes de contrôle de centrales électriques, d'avions ou de systèmes médicaux sont critiques : une panne ou un dysfonctionnement pourraient causer la perte de vies humaines ou des dommages matériels ou environnementaux importants. Les méthodes formelles visent à offrir des moyens de concevoir et vérifier de tels systèmes afin de garantir qu'ils fonctionneront comme prévu. Au fil du temps, ces systèmes deviennent de plus en plus évolués et complexes, ce qui est source de nouveaux défis pour leur vérification. Il devient nécessaire de développer ces systèmes de manière modulaire afin de pouvoir distribuer la tâche d'implémentation à différentes équipes d'ingénieurs. De plus, il est important de pouvoir réutiliser des éléments certifiés et les adapter pour répondre à de nouveaux besoins. Aussi les méthodes formelles doivent évoluer afin de s'adapter à la conception et à la vérification de ces systèmes modulaires de taille toujours croissante. Nous travaillons sur une approche algébrique pour la conception de systèmes corrects par construction. Elle définit un formalisme pour exprimer des spécifications de haut niveau et permet de les raffiner de manière incrémentale en des spécifications plus concrètes tout en préservant leurs propriétés, jusqu'à ce qu'une implémentation soit atteinte. Elle définit également plusieurs opérations permettant de construire des systèmes complexes à partir de composants plus simples en fusionnant différents points de vue d'un même système ou en composant plusieurs sous-systèmes ensemble, ainsi que de décomposer une spécification complexe afin de réutiliser des composants existants et de simplifier la tâche d'implémentation. Le formalisme de spécification que nous utilisons est basé sur des spécifications modales. Intuitivement, une spécification modale est un automate doté de deux types de transitions permettant d'exprimer des comportements optionnels ou obligatoires. Raffiner une spécification modale revient à décider si les parties optionnelles devraient être supprimées ou rendues obligatoires. Cette thèse contient deux principales contributions théoriques basées sur une extension des spécifications modales appelée " spécifications à ensembles d'acceptation ". La première contribution est l'identification d'une sous-classe des spécifications à ensembles d'acceptation, appelée " spécifications à ensembles d'acceptation convexes ", qui permet de définir des opérations bien plus efficaces tout en gardant un haut niveau d'expressivité. La seconde contribution est la définition d'un nouveau formalisme, appelé " spécifications à ensembles d'acceptation marquées ", qui permet d'exprimer des propriétés d'atteignabilité. Ceci peut, par exemple, être utilisé pour s'assurer qu'un système termine ou exprimer une propriété de vivacité dans un système réactif. Les opérations usuelles sont définies sur ce nouveau formalisme et elles garantissent la préservation des propriétés d'atteignabilité. Cette thèse présente également des résultats d'ordre plus pratique. Tous les résultats théoriques sur les spécifications à ensembles d'acceptation convexes ont été prouvés en utilisant l'assistant de preuves Coq. L'outil MAccS a été développé pour implémenter les formalismes et opérations présentés dans cette thèse. Il permet de les tester aisément sur des exemples, ainsi que d'étudier leur efficacité sur des cas concretsSoftware programs are taking a more and more important place in our lives. Some of these programs, like the control systems of power plants, aircraft, or medical devices for instance, are critical: a failure or malfunction could cause loss of human lives, damages to equipments, or environmental harm. Formal methods aim at offering means to design and verify such systems in order to guarantee that they will work as expected. As time passes, these systems grow in scope and size, yielding new challenges. It becomes necessary to develop these systems in a modular fashion to be able to distribute the implementation task to engineering teams. Moreover, being able to reuse some trustworthy parts of the systems and extend them to answer new needs in functionalities is increasingly required. As a consequence, formal methods also have to evolve in order to accommodate both the design and the verification of these larger, modular systems and thus address their scalability challenge. We promote an algebraic approach for the design of correct-by-construction systems. It defines a formalism to express high-level specifications of systems and allows to incrementally refine these specifications into more concrete ones while preserving their properties, until an implementation is reached. It also defines several operations allowing to assemble complex systems from simpler components, by merging several viewpoints of a specific system or composing several subsystems together, as well as decomposing a complex specification in order to reuse existing components and ease the implementation task. The specification formalism we use is based on modal specifications. In essence, a modal specification is an automaton with two kinds of transitions allowing to express mandatory and optional behaviors. Refining a modal specification amounts to deciding whether some optional parts should be removed or made mandatory. This thesis contains two main theoretical contributions, based on an extension of modal specifications called acceptance specifications. The first contribution is the identification of a subclass of acceptance specifications, called convex acceptance specifications, which allows to define much more efficient operations while maintaining a high level of expressiveness. The second contribution is the definition of a new formalism, called marked acceptance specifications, that allows to express some reachability properties. This could be used for example to ensure that a system is terminating or to express a liveness property for a reactive system. Usual operations are defined on this new formalism and guarantee the preservation of the reachability properties as well as independent implementability. This thesis also describes some more practical results. All the theoretical results on convex acceptance specifications have been proved using the Coq proof assistant. The tool MAccS has been developed to implement the formalisms and operations presented in this thesis. It allows to test them easily on some examples, as well as run some experimentations and benchmarks
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Ranganathan, Krishna. "DVTG - Design Verification Test Generation from Rosetta Specifications." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin994691304.
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Umaretiya, Jagdish R. "Specifications extraction and synthesis: Their correlations with preliminary design." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185035.
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This report addresses the research applied towards the automation of the engineering design process, in particular the structural design process. The three important stages of the structural design process are: the specifications, preliminary design and the detailed design. An iterative redesign architecture of the structural design process lends itself to automation. The automation of the structural design can improve both the cost and the reliability, and enhance the productivity of the human designers. To the extent that the assumptions involved in the design process are explicitly represented and automatically inforced, the design errors resulting from the violated assumptions can be avoided. Artificial Intelligence (AI) addresses the automation of complex and knowledge-intensive tasks such as the structural design process. It involves the development of the Knowledge Based Expert System (KBES). There are several tools, also known as expert shells, and languages available for the development of knowledge-based expert systems. A general purpose language, called LISP, is very popular among researchers in AI and is used as an environmental tool for the development of the KBES for the structural design process. The resulting system, called Expert-SEISD, is very generic in nature. The Expert-SEISD is composed of the user interface, inference engine, domain specific knowledge and data bases and the knowledge acquisition. The present domain of the Expert-SEISD encompasses the design of structural components such as beams and plates. The knowledge acquisition module is developed to facilitate the incorporation of new capabilities (knowledge or data) for beams, plates and for new structural components. The decision making is an integral part of any design process. A decision-making model suitable for the specifications extraction and the preliminary design phases of the structural design process is proposed and developed based on the theory of fuzzy sets. The methods developed here are evaluated and compared with similar methods available in the literature. The new method, based on the union of fuzzy sets and contrast intensification, was found suitable for the proposed model. It was implemented as a separate module in the Expert-SEISD. A session with the Expert-SEISD is presented to demonstrate its capabilities of beam and plate designs and knowledge acquisition.
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Brackin, Margueritte Patricia Dodd. "Translating the voice of the customer into preliminary design specifications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17936.
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Muhler, Michael Ludwig. "Robust control system design by mapping specifications into parameter spaces." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=984575332.
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Zhang, Lizhong. "Implementing real-time reactive systems from object-oriented design specifications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0016/MQ54340.pdf.
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Andersson, Sofie. "Automatic Control Design Synthesis under Metric Interval Temporal Logic Specifications." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187716.
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The problem of synthesizing controllers for motion planning of multi-agent systems under Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) high-level specifications has been of great interest and has been widely studied over the last years. However, LTL cannot handle time constraints as specifications. The time aspect would allow more complicated and specific tasks and it is therefore desirable to incorporate. This work aims to determine how control synthesis for a continuous linear system can be performed based on Metric Interval Temporal Logic (MITL), which is able to handle desired time constraints to high-level specifications. Firstly, a control design synthesis method for a single-agent, based on previous work within both the field of LTL and MITL is presented. Secondly, a control design synthesis method for multi-agent systems considering both local an global MITL specifications is presented. Extended simulations has been performed in MATLAB environment demonstrating the two proposed methodologies. The result shows that the methods guarantee that the MITL specifications are satisfied, for all cases for which a solution is found.Problemet gällande regulator syntetisering for rörelse planering av fler-agents system under Line-ar Temporal Logic (Linjär Temporal Logik=LTL) hög-nivå specifikationer har varit av stort intresse och har studerats brett under de senaste åren. LTL kan emellertid inte hantera tidsbegränsningar som specifikationer. Tidsaspekten skulle tillåta mer komplicerade och specifika uppgifter. Det är därför önskvärt att inkorporera. Målet med det här arbetet är att fastställa hur regulator syntetisering för ett kontinuerligt, linjärt system kan utföras utgående från Metric Interval Temporal Logic (Metrisk Intervall Temporal Logic =MITL), en gren av Temporal Logik som kan hantera de önskvärda tidsbegränsningarna för högnivå specifikationer. Först presenteras en metod för att syntetisera regulatorer för en-agents system. Metoden är baserad på tidigare arbeten inom fälten LTL och MITL. Sedan presenteras en metod för att syntetisera regulatorer för fler-agents system som ¨önskas uppfylla såväl lokala som globala MITL specifikationer. Utbredda simulationer har genomförts i MATLAB miljö för att demonstrera de två˚ föreslagna metoderna. Resultatet visar att metoderna garanterar att MITL specifikationerna är uppfyllda för alla fall för vilka en lösning hittas.
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Thakar, Aniruddha. "Visualization feedback from informal specifications." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03242009-040810/.
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Marshall, Richard Millar. "Synthesis of hardware systems from very high level behavioural specifications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12573.
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Rachal, Randy J. "Design and implementation of a concrete interface generation system." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA245807.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor: Berzins, Valdis. Second Reader: Bradbury, Leigh W. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 1, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Computer programs, software engineering, theses, ADA programming language, grammars, specifications, interfaces, installation. Author(s) subject terms: Automatic code generation, formal specifications, attribute grammars. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80). Also available in print.
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Gozpinar, Erdem. "A Study For The Development Of Seismic Design Specifications For Coastal Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1018639/index.pdf.
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An evolving design philosophy for port structures in many seismically active
regions reflects the observations that:
-The deformations in ground and foundation soils and the corresponding
structural deformation and stress states are key design parameters.
-Conventional limit equilibrium-based methods are not well suited to
evaluating these parameters.
-Some residual deformation may be acceptable.
Performance-based design is an emerging methodology whose goal is to
overcome the limitations present in conventional seismic design. Conventional
building code seismic design is based on providing capacity to resist a design
seismic force, but it does not provide information on the performance of structure
when the limit of the force-balance is exceeded. If we demand that limit equilibrium
not be exceeded for the relatively high intensity ground motions associated with a
rare seismic event, the construction cost will most likely be too high. If forcebalance
design is based on amore frequent seismic event, then it is difficult to
estimate the seismic performance of the structure when subjected to ground motions
that are greater than those used in design.
In this thesis a case study will be carried out on a typical port structure to
show the performance evolution aspects and its comparison with damage criteria
and performance grade in performance-based methodology.
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Nicolson, Laurence John. "The design of IIR digital filters to magnitude and delay specifications." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320608.
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Alhagi, Nouraddin. "Synthesis of Reversible Functions Using Various Gate Libraries and Design Specifications." PDXScholar, 2010. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/366.
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This dissertation is devoted to efficient automated logic synthesis of reversible circuits using various gate types and initial specifications. These Reversible circuits are of interest to several modern technologies, including Nanotechnology, Quantum computing, Quantum Dot Cellular Automata, Optical computing and low power adiabatic CMOS, but so far the most important practical application of reversible circuits is in quantum computing. Logic synthesis methodologies for reversible circuits are very different than those for classical CMOS or other technologies. The focus of this dissertation is on synthesis of reversible (permutative) binary circuits. It is not related to general unitary circuits that are used in quantum computing and which exhibit quantum mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement. The interest in this dissertation is only in logic synthesis aspects and not in physical (technological) design aspects of reversible circuits. Permutative quantum circuits are important because they include the class of oracles and blocks that are parts of oracles, such as comparators or arithmetic blocks, counters of ones, etc. Every practical quantum algorithm, such as the Grover Algorithm, has many permutative circuits. These circuits are also used in Shor Algorithm (integer factorization), simulation of quantum systems, communication and many other quantum algorithms. Designing permutative circuits is therefore the major engineering task that must be solved to practically realize a quantum algorithm. The dissertation presents the theory that leads to MP (Multi-Path) algorithm, which is currently the top minimizer of reversible circuits with no ancilla bits. Comparison of MP with other 2 leading software tools is done. This software allows to minimize functions of more variables and with smaller quantum cost that other CAD tools. Other software developed in this dissertation allows to synthesize reversible circuits for functions with "don't cares" in their initial specifications. Theory to realize functions from relational representations is also given. Our yet other software tool allows to synthesize reversible circuits for new types of reversible logic, for which no algorithm was ever created, using the so-called "pseudo-reversible" gates called Y-switches.
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Shankar, Arunprasath. "ONTOLOGY-DRIVEN SEMI-SUPERVISED MODEL FOR CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1401706747.
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Strother, Philip David. "Design and application of the reconstruction software for the BaBar calorimeter." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314229.
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Smalberger, Hermanus Johannes Wessels. "Comparative study of the equivalent moment factor between international steel design specifications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95863.
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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) is an important failure mode that needs to be taken into account during the design of steel beams. The fundamental equation for determining the elastic critical moment of a beam was derived with the assumption that the beam is subjected to a uniform bending moment distribution. Loads on steel structures generate a great variety of bending moment distributions. The effect of the bending moment distribution is taken into account by a parameter known as the equivalent moment factor. The procedure outlined in the South African National Standard for limit-states design of hot-rolled steel work, SANS 10162-1:2011, for determining the equivalent moment factor was originally developed for a bending moment that is uniformly or linearly distributed, however it is currently used for all bending moment distributions. A Finite Element (FE) model was developed in this investigation for determining the equivalent moment factor. The numerical model included residual stresses and initial geometric imperfections commonly found in hot-rolled steel beams. To validate the assumptions made during the development of the FE model an in-depth experimental investigation was conducted on simply supported beams. Three different load configurations were considered in the experimental study in order to simulate various bending moment distributions. A comparison of the equivalent moment factor between the numerical results and the results obtained from various steel specifications, including SANS 10162-1:2011, was carried out in an attempt to quantify the positive and negative attributes of the various methods employed by steel design specifications. The experimental investigation concluded that the FE model is able to successfully represent a simply supported beam with realistic characteristics that include residual stresses and imperfections. The comparative study illustrated that for a bending moment distribution with a constant moment gradient, SANS 10162-1:2011 provides excellent results. However, for the other distributions considered in this investigation highly conservative results were obtained for the equivalent moment factor. The relevance of these findings were made clear by considering three design cases found in steel structures. The resistance moment of the beams in each of these cases was calculated according to each of the steel specifications. It was found that the use of a highly conservative procedure for determining the equivalent moment factor can lead to the uneconomical design of a structure.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Laterale-torsie knik is ’n belangrike falings modus wat in ag geneem moet word tydens die ontwerp van staal balke. Die fundamentele vergelyking vir die bepaling van die elastiese kritieke moment van ’n balk is afgelei met die aanname dat die balk onderworpe is aan ’n eenvormige buigmoment verdeling. Belastings op staalstrukture genereer ’n groot verskeidenheid van buigmoment verdelings. Die effek van hierdie buigmoment verdelings word in ag geneem deur ’n parameter wat bekend staan as die ekwivalente moment faktor. Die prosedure uiteengesit in die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Standaard vir die ontwerp van warm-gewalste staalwerk, SANS 10162-1:2011, vir die bepaling van hierdie faktor is oorspronklik ontwikkel vir ’n buigmoment wat uniform of linieêr verdeel is oor die lengte van die balk, maar dit word tans gebruik vir alle buigmoment verdelings. ’n Eindige Element (FE) model is ontwikkel in hierdie ondersoek vir die bepaling van die ekwivalente moment faktor. Die numeriese model sluit die residuele spannings en aanvanklike geometriese imperfeksies wat in die algemeen teenwoordig is in warm-gewalste profiele in. Die aannames wat gemaak is tydens die ontwikkeling van die FE model is bevestig met ’n in diepte eksperimentele ondersoek oor die gedrag van eenvoudig opgelegde balke. Drie verskillende las konfigurasies is oorweeg in die eksperimentele studie om verskeie buigmoment verspreidings na te boots. ’n Vergelyking van die ekwivalente moment faktor tussen die numeriese resultate en die resultate verkry van verskeie staal spesifikasies, insluitend SANS 10162-1:2011, is uitgevoer in ’n poging om die positiewe en negatiewe eienskappe van die verskillende metodes wat gebruik word in verskillende staal ontwerp spesifikasies, te kwantifiseer. Die eksperimentele ondersoek het tot die gevolgtrekking gelei dat die FE model in staat is om ’n eenvoudige opgelegte balk te verteenwoordig, met realistiese eienskappe wat residuele spannings en imperfekies insluit. Die vergelykende studie toon dat SANS 10162-1:2011 uitstekende resultate bied vir ’n buigmoment verdeling met ’n konstante moment gradiënt. Dit was egter gevind dat vir ander verdelings wat in hierdie ondersoek oorweeg is, SANS 10162-1:2011 hoogs konserwatiewe resultate bied. Die toepaslikheid van hierdie bevindinge is duidelik gemaak deur drie ontwerp gevalle wat algemeen in staalstrukture gevind word te bestudeer. Die weerstandsmoment is in elk van die gevalle bereken volgens elke staal spesifikasies. Daar is gevind dat die gebruik van ’n hoogs konserwatiewe prosedure vir die bepaling van die ekwivalente moment faktor kan lei tot die ontwerp van ’n onekonomiese struktuur.
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Hooman, Marle. "A Decision analysis guideline for underground bulk air heat exchanger design specifications." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/41006.
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This study investigated different underground bulk air heat exchanger (>100 m3/s) design criteria. It was found that no single document exist covering these heat exchangers and therefore the need was identified to generate a guideline with decision analyser steps to arrive at a technical specification. The study investigated the factors influencing the heat exchanger designs (spray chambers, towers and indirect-contact heat exchangers) and the technical requirements for each. The decision analysers can be used to generate optimised user-friendly fit-for-purpose bulk air heat exchanger (air cooler and heat rejection) designs. The study was tested against a constructed air cooler and heat rejection unit at a copper mine. It was concluded that the decision analysers were used successfully. It is recommended design engineers use these decision analysers to effectively design other heat exchangers.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Mining Engineering
unrestricted
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Deas, Alexander Roger. "An idiomatic framework for the automated synthesis of topographical information from behavioural specifications." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13604.
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Tessler, Michael. "Specifications of a software environment for the computer-aided design of control systems." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63218.
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Easter, Scott F. "Design of a multi-span plate girder highway bridge using LRFD bridge specifications." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272010-020049/.
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Zeng, Tao. "An organizational communication protocol based on speech acts : design, verification and formal specifications." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29410.
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Current technologies are not sufficient to support the full spectrum of organizational communications because organizations are open systems and organizational communication is rather complex (e.g., involves negotiations). Speech Acts is a branch of Linguistics which views speaking to be the same as acting. Recently, Speech Acts theory has been introduced into the design of computer systems, like organizational information systems (OISs), that require complex interactions among themselves. By doing so, it is hoped that actions can be incorporated into man-machine and machine-machine communications. In this thesis, one tractable portion of the speech act theory
was identified which can provide a basis for the automation of a class of semi-structured communications (e.g., simple negotiations) in a distributed organizational environment. This portion of rather abstract Linguistics theory
was transformed into a concrete application layer communication protocol
(namely, the SACT protocol), which was then validated using a protocol
validation tool (i.e., VALIRA), specified in a standard formal specification
language LOTOS, and simulated using a protocol development toolkit (i.e., the Ottawa University LOTOS Toolkit). This protocol can be used by computer-based organizational systems to automate simple negotiations, as well as recurring tasks of collecting information in an organizational environment.
In addition, a communication scheme (called SACT network) was added to the Woo and Lochovsky's MOAP (Micro Organization Activity Processor)
model to automate inter-micro-organizational communications using the SACT protocol. The usefulness of this scheme is demonstrated through an example application.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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Andrews, Peter T. J. "Design reuse in a CAD environment." Thesis, Brunel University, 1999. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5086.
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For many companies, design related information mainly exists as rooms of paper-based archives, typically in the form of manufacturing drawings and technical specifications. This 'static' information cannot be easily reused. The work presented in this thesis proposes a methodology to ease this problem. It defines and implements a computer-based design tool that will enable existing design families to be transformed into 'dynamic' CAD-based models for the Conceptual, Embodiment and Detailed stages of the design process. Two novel concepts are proposed here, i) the use of a Function Means Tree to store Conceptual and Embodiment design and ii) a Variant Method to represent Detailed design. In this way a definite link between the more abstract conceptual and the concrete detailed design stages is realised by linking individual detailed designs to means in the Function Means Tree. The use of the Variant Method, incorporating 'state-of-the-art' developments in Solid Modelling, Feature-Based Design and Parametric Design, allows an entire family of designs to be represented by a single Master Model. Therefore, instances of this Master Model need only be stored as a set of design parameters. This enables current design families and new design cases to be more created more efficiently. Industrial Case Studies, including a Lathe Chuck family, a Drive-End casting and a family of Filtration Systems are given to prove the methodology.
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Campbell, Sherrie L. "ADEPT a tool to support the formal analysis of software design /." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1250195339.
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Sjukriana, Juke, and n/a. "Ergonomics and user inclusivity : developing design critieria and specifications for a medical examination couch." University of Canberra. Industrial Design, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.160732.
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A medical examination couch is a primary piece of equipment in the health care
delivery system. Unfortunately, the current design of examination couches used
by Australian general and nursing practitioners is inadequate. Incompatibility of
the couches with physical (anthropometric) dimensions and a majority of
medical procedures contribute to risks of Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)
or musculoskeletal problems among practitioner-users. The inappropriate
height, width and gynaecological attachments of the existing couches also
cause patient discomfort.
This research aimed to develop a new examination couch design in order to
improve practitioners' effectiveness, efficiency, health and safety while
enhancing patient comfort. Ergonomics and user inclusivity were implemented
in the vital stages of the couch development process. Practitioner and patient
surveys, reviews of patient positions, medical procedures and equipment,
Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and an ergonomic analysis of couches in the
Australian market were conducted to develop design criteria. The design
criteria development demonstrated that adjustable height, head, body and foot
sections were the major features, and adjustable gynaecological footpads and
instrument placement (drawers) were the most important attachments. A wide
variety of anthropometric data was applied to the development of design
specifications and adjustments.
To produce a prototype for a new examination couch design developed from
the ergonomic research and initial user surveys, the researcher collaborated
with a medical couch manufacturer, Metron Medical Australia Pty Ltd. Through
this collaboration, the developed criteria and specifications were applied to
actual production processes.
User trials (a focus group, practitioner and patient surveys and personal
communication) were conducted to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency
of the couch prototype in a real clinical environment.
From the trials, modifications to
particular couch features were
identified if they were considered
difficult to operate, unnecessary or
uncomfortable for patients. For
example, the mechanism of the
gynaecological footpads, which
comprised three different adjustment controls, had to be simplified in order to
avoid confusion and time consumption. The footpads had also to be equipped
with straps or half a shoe to increase patient comfort and security.
The collaborating manufacturer will need to adapt the design modifications from
the user trials and conduct more extensive engineering research and value
analysis for a final production couch model. Nevertheless, this research
succesfully demonstrated the significance of ergonomics and user-centred
design in developing design criteria more effectively, detecting usability
problems before the couch is brought to the market, and in saving the
manufacturer's overall product development costs.
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Adnan, Mohsin. "Impact of AASHTO LRFD specifications on the design of precast, pretensioned u-beam bridges." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3096.
Full textAbstract:
Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is currently designing its highway
bridge structures using the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridges, and
it is expected that TxDOT will make transition to the use of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Design Specifications before 2007. The objectives of this portion of the study are to
evaluate the current LRFD Specifications to assess the calibration of the code with
respect to typical Texas U54 bridge girders, to perform a critical review of the major
changes when transitioning to LRFD design, and to recommend guidelines to assist
TxDOT in implementing the LRFD Specifications. This study focused only on the
service and ultimate limit states and additional limit states were not evaluated.
The available literature was reviewed to document the background research
relevant to the development of the LRFD Specifications, such that it can aid in meeting
the research objectives. Two detailed design examples, for Texas U54 beams using the
LRFD and Standard Specifications, were developed as a reference for TxDOT bridge
design engineers. A parametric study was conducted for Texas U54 beams to perform an
in-depth analysis of the differences between designs using both specifications. Major
parameters considered in the parametric study included span length, girder spacing,
strand diameter and skew angle. Based on the parametric study supplemented by the
literature review, several conclusions were drawn and recommendations were made. The
most crucial design issues were significantly restrictive debonding percentages and the
limitations of approximate method of load distribution.The current LRFD provisions of debonding percentage of 25 percent per section
and 40 percent per row will pose serious restrictions on the design of Texas U54 bridges.
This will limit the span capability for the designs incorporating normal strength
concretes. Based on previous research and successful past practice by TxDOT, it was
recommended that up to 75% of the strands may be debonded, if certain conditions are
met.
The provisions given in the LRFD Specifications for the approximate load
distribution are subject to certain limitations of span length, edge distance parameter (de)
and number of beams. If these limitations are violated, the actual load distribution should
be determined by refined analysis methods. During the parametric study, several of these
limitations were found to be restrictive for typical Texas U54 beam bridges. Two cases
with span lengths of 140 ft. and 150 ft., and a 60 degree skew were investigated by
grillage analysis method.
28
Lee, Seung-Ju. "Multiple simultaneous specifications (MSS) control design method of a high-speed AC induction motor." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0024/MQ50487.pdf.
Full text
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Dulac, Nicolas 1978. "Empirical evaluation of design principles for increasing reviewability of formal requirements specifications through visualization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82799.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003.Page 123 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [101]-103).
by Nicolas Dulac.
S.M.
30
GC, Sandesh. "Behavioral Study of Steel Laminated Elastomeric Bearings and Solution Spaces for Bearing Design Specifications." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1587992075263373.
Full text
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Dallakoti, Pramish Shakti. "Structural Reliability Study of Highway Bridge Girders Based on AASTHO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1588538610400668.
Full text
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Gordon, Christopher Todd. "A visual language for ADA program unit specifications." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06232009-063007/.
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ALEXANDRAKIS, VASSILIS. "A participatory approach to the development of specifications for a 3D puzzle for visually impaired and sighted users." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190782.
Full textAbstract:
Det finns begränsad tillgång till pussel för personer med synfel (inklusive blinda personer). För att undersöka behovet av potentiella användare i 3D kartpussel och identifiera deras preferenser, behov och krav, användes en kvalitativ metod som på engelska kallas ”participatory design”. Projektet utfördes i Kreta och alla deltagare kom från ön. Då Icke-standardiserade subjekt användes i forskningsprojektet användes lämpliga tillgängliga metoder och kommunikationsvägar för att anpassa studien för denna grupp. Stor vikt lades ner på bakgrundsstudier, inklusive intervjuer med experter och undersökning av befintligt material inom detta ämne. För att underlätta förståelsen av konceptet och skapa en gemensam referensram för alla deltagare gjordes funktionella 3D prototyper av kartpussel föreställande Kreta. Prototyperna gjordes i trä, antingen tall eller MDF. Därefter organiserades fokusgrupper och intervjuer. I fokusgrupperna deltog vuxna och barn med synnedsättning. Aktiviteterna var scenariokreation, utvärdering av användarvänlighet och en enkätundersökning som fylldes in av de som kunde (personer med tillräckligt god syn). Data som samlades analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder. Resultatet av testerna visade potentiella användarvänlighetsproblem för prototyperna, de flesta relaterade till synskadade individers erfarenheter av linkande produkter. Dessutom identifierades deltagarnas preferenser och behov angående temat, storlek, material, typ av samband och andra faktorer av pusslet. Resultaten visar att osäkerhet eller brist på bekräftelse huruvida pusselbitarna var lagda rätt eller fel var den största svårigheten bland deltagare med synnedsättning. Den mest populära metoden för låsning av pusselbitarna bland de med synnedsättning var ”fit in a frame” och ”magnets”. Majoriteten av deltagarna uppmuntrade att lägga till färger på pusslet och markera olika städer. Sex av åtta deltagare var intresserade av att köpa pussel liknande det som de testat. Av 22 icke synskadade personer svarade nio av dem att det är möjligt att de skulle köpa pusslet och elva svarade att det är väldigt möjligt att de skulle köpa tredimensionella pussel. Mer än hälften såg färger som ett tilläggselement på pusslet. De två mest populära låsningsmetoderna var ”loose contact” och ”fit in a frame”. Angående materialvalet, togs trä emot väl av både synskadade och icke-synskadade testpersoner. Träprototyper var dock det enda tillgängliga under testet. Deltagare gav flera förslag angående temat, storlek och extra egenskaper för produkten. Det resulterade i att många idéer genererades under ”workshopen”. Utfall, problem och begränsningar relaterade till de använda metoderna diskuterades och rekommendationer för framtida studier gjordes.There are a limited number of puzzles accessible to visually impaired people (including the blind population) and also limited 3D map-puzzles available in the market. In order to explore the interest of potential users in 3D map-puzzles and identify their preferences, needs and demands, a participatory design approach was adopted. The project took place in Crete and all participants came from the local population. Because of the non-standard population included in this research project (visually impaired people) accessible methods and means of communication had to be selected. Therefore an extensive background research was performed, including interviews with experts and a thorough study of existing knowledge and previous research in related fields. Aiming to facilitate understanding of the concept and to provide a common point of reference for all participants, functional prototypes of a 3D map-puzzle of the island of Crete were developed and manufactured. Prototypes were made of wood, either Pine or MDF. Subsequently, focus group and interview sessions were organized. Visually impaired and sighted, adults and children, participated in these sessions which included usability testing of the prototypes, scenario creation and a questionnaire (for the sighted participants). Data collected in the conducted sessions were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. The results revealed usability problems of the prototypes and provided signs of potential problems, most of them related to the use of similar products by visually impaired individuals. Additionally, preferences and needs of the participants about the theme, the size, the material, the type of connection and other elements of the puzzle, were identified. According to the findings, the most severe problem, occurring when visually impaired participants tried to assemble the puzzle, was the uncertainty or “lack of confirmation” whether pieces were assembled in the right way or not. The most popular connection types among visually impaired participants were “fit in a frame” and “magnet”. Additionally, the majority of visually impaired participants were in favor of adding colors on the puzzle and marks for the different cities. Regarding buying interest, six out of eight visually impaired participants stated that they would buy a puzzle like the one they tested. Out of the twenty-two sighted participants, nine answered that it is “possible” and eleven answered that it is “highly possible” to buy a 3D map-puzzle. More than half of the sighted participants selected colors as an additional element on the puzzle while the two most popular connection types were “loose contact” and “fit in a frame”. Regarding the material of the puzzle, wood was well accepted by both sighted and visually impaired participants. However, only prototypes made from wood were available to the participants. Additionally, participants made various suggestions regarding the theme, the size and additional elements of a 3D puzzle. As a result, many ideas were produced during the sessions. Eventually, outcomes, problems and limitations related to the methods used during the study were discussed and recommendations for future work were made.
34
Mohammed, Safiuddin Adil. "Impact of AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications on the design of Type C and AASHTO Type IV girder bridges." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4841.
Full textAbstract:
This research study is aimed at assisting the Texas Department of Transportation
(TxDOT) in making a transition from the use of the AASHTO Standard Specifications
for Highway Bridges to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications for the design
of prestressed concrete bridges. It was identified that Type C and AASHTO Type IV are
among the most common girder types used by TxDOT for prestressed concrete bridges.
This study is specific to these two types of bridges. Guidelines are provided to tailor
TxDOT's design practices to meet the requirements of the LRFD Specifications.
Detailed design examples for an AASHTO Type IV girder using both the
AASHTO Standard Specifications and AASHTO LRFD Specifications are developed
and compared. These examples will serve as a reference for TxDOT bridge design
engineers. A parametric study for AASHTO Type IV and Type C girders is conducted
using span length, girder spacing, and strand diameter as the major parameters that are
varied. Based on the results obtained from the parametric study, two critical areas are
identified where significant changes in design results are observed when comparing
Standard and LRFD designs. The critical areas are the transverse shear requirements and
interface shear requirements, and these are further investigated.
The interface shear reinforcement requirements are observed to increase
significantly when the LRFD Specifications are used for design. New provisions for
interface shear design that have been proposed to be included in the LRFD
Specifications in 2007 were evaluated. It was observed that the proposed interface shear
provisions will significantly reduce the difference between the interface shear
reinforcement requirements for corresponding Standard and LRFD designs.The transverse shear reinforcement requirements are found to be varying
marginally in some cases and significantly in most of the cases when comparing LRFD
designs to Standard designs. The variation in the transverse shear reinforcement
requirement is attributed to differences in the shear models used in the two
specifications. The LRFD Specifications use a variable truss analogy based on the
Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT). The Standard Specifications use a
constant 45-degree truss analogy method for its shear design provisions. The two
methodologies are compared and major differences are noted.
35
Rullmann, Markus, Rainer Schaffer, Sebastian Siegel, and Renate Merker. "SYMPAD - A Class Library for Processing Parallel Algorithm Specifications." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200700971.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we introduce a new class library to model transformations of parallel algorithms. SYMPAD
serves as a basis to develop automated tools and methods to generate efficient implementations of such
algorithms. The paper gives an overview over the general structure, as well as features of the library. We
further describe the fundamental design process that is controlled by our developed methods.
36
Barlow, Amy. "The Design of Specifications for the Development of Broadcast English Materials in Academic Listening/Speaking Courses." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2270.
Full textAbstract:
ESL students in academic listening/speaking courses often listen to long audio recordings similar to a lecture or other academic passages. When listening to these passages, students can lose their interest which impedes their learning of new strategies for understanding academic language. Students in the Level Four Listening/Speaking classes at Brigham Young University's English Language Center (ELC), under the previous curriculum, would experience this challenge. All of the passages were available only in audio and were long in duration. The students would lose interest and improve little in their listening skills. Under the new curriculum at the ELC, students in Academic Levels A and B practice listening using both audio and video. When only audio recordings are used, the students are observed to lose interest and they do not practice the strategies. In order to build student interest, broadcast news video clips can be used. These clips offer a multi-sensory experience for the students and they can vary in length. Also, these clips expose the students to language and content that they will experience in university settings, thus providing them with an authentic experience. In order to create cohesive and coherent materials using video clips, specifications for these materials needed to be designed and developed. The designed specifications discuss ten steps for developers to follow in order to create these materials. As a part of these specifications, two sample sections were created. Because of the context, the specifications focus on the use of broadcast news clips; however, they can easily be adapted for use in other contexts as well. The developed sample sections were piloted in order to assess the usefulness of the specifications. Feedback was received from my Project Chair, the listening/speaking coordinator, the students who participated in the pilot, and the other teacher who participated in the pilot. Using the feedback revisions were made to the specifications and the sample sections.
37
Hallstrom, Jason Olof. "Design Pattern Contracts." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1090010266.
Full text
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Griffiths, Jenkins David. "Some aspects of user participation and the application of specifications in technology mediated educational innovation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7554.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi està constituïda per diverses activitats de recerca, entre les quals trobam principalment articles i capítols publicats. Es descriu el disseny d'una joguina robòtica que facilita la metacognició dels nens. Es detallen els nous mètodes de disseny participatiu desenvolupats per donar suport a aquest procés, com també els resultats de les experiències dins l'aula que varen validar la seva eficàcia. Aquestes experiències varen fer servir l'especificació Unit of Practice d'Apple, la qual posibilita la descripció normalitzada de de les activitats pedagògiques amb els recursos d'ensenyament tecnològics. L'enfocament de la investigació llavors se centra en les especificacions de IMS, que representen recursos i activitats pedagògiques en un format que els ordinadors poden processar. S'analitzen les eines necessàries per treballar amb aquestes especificacions. Es fa una distinció entre processos de disseny en móns tancats (dirigits a grups limitats d'usuaris) i oberts (dirigits a un grup obert o universal). Es descriuen els processos participatius de disseny en ambdós casos. Es tenen especialment en consideració les eines necessàries per treballar amb l'especificació IMS LD, i es desenvolupen models conceptuals per clarificar la tipologia de les eines i els seus usos.Es proposa la participació en les comunitats de pràctica com una metodologia per avaluar les necessitats, les eines, i l'ús de l'especificació.
This thesis is composed of a number of related research activities, which are principally represented by means of published papers. The design of a robotic toy to provide support for children's meta-cognition is described. The new participatory design methods developed to support this process are detailed, together with the results of field trials which validated its effectiveness. These trials make use of Apple's Unit of Practice specification for the consistent description of pedagogic activities with technological teaching resources. The investigation of IMS' machine readable representations of pedagogy, their use, and the tooling they require, then becomes the focus for the inquiry. A distinction is drawn between closed world design processes, addressed at a circumscribed user group, and open world design addressing a wide or universal user group. Participatory design processes in both contexts are described. A particular focus is tooling for the IMS LD specification, and conceptual models are developed to clarify its tooling and use. Engagement with communities of practice is proposed as a means of addressing open world design challenges, and this methodology is used to assess user needs, tooling and use of the specification.
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Lowe, Matthew. "Inertial System Modeling and Kalman Filter Design from Sensor Specifications with Applications in Indoor Localization." Digital WPI, 2011. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/760.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a 6 degree of freedom (DOF) position and orientation tracking solution suitable for pedestrian motion tracking based on 6DOF low cost MEMS inertial measurement units. This thesis was conducted as an extension of the ongoing efforts of the Precision Personnel Location (PPL) project at WPI. Prior to this work most of the PPL research focus has been on Radio Frequency (RF) location estimation. The newly developed inertial based system supports data fusion with the aforementioned RF system in a system currently under development. This work introduces a methodology for the implementation of a position estimation system based upon a Kalman filter structure, constructed from industry standard inertial sensor specifications and analytic noise models. This methodology is important because it allows for both rapid filter construction derived solely from specified values and flexible system definitions. In the course of the project, three different sensors were accommodated using the automatic design tools that were constructed. This thesis will present the mathematical basis of the new inertial tracking system followed by the stages of filter design and implementation, and finally the results of several trials with actual inertial data captures, using both public reference data and inertial captures from a foot mounted sensor that was developed as part of this work.
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Rendall, Clinton Scot. "Enhancing the design and procurement of single-use assemblies in biomanufacturing by implementing modular specifications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117963.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-64).
Usage of single-use systems (SUS) in biomanufacturing has expanded rapidly in recent years. Amgen uses SUS at several commercial manufacturing sites, in addition to pilot plants and clinical production. Each single-use assembly is typically custom designed and manufactured by a third-party integrator. This has led to the proliferation of single-use specifications, with hundreds of assemblies in the Amgen library. These specifications collectively require tens of thousands of manhours to create, maintain, and eventually decommission. In addition, the purchase of so many unique assemblies hinders the ability to competitively bid on each design, increasing commercial risk. Finally, each Amgen site must maintain required inventory levels of its specific assemblies, with few opportunities to optimize safety stock between facilities. The goal of this project is to evaluate the hypothesis that increasing the usage of modular design principles will reduce procurement cost, supply risk, and inventory requirements. In addition, standardization of SUS will result in the creation of fewer unique assemblies, greatly reducing the overhead requirement from the engineering, quality, and process development organizations. This thesis proposes actions Amgen may implement to achieve a more modular SUS design framework and to realize the aforementioned benefits. Studies completed during this research are supportive of increased modularity. An inventory analysis showed that safety stock levels decrease by 30% when a sample of similar assemblies are shared between sites. A study of a new single-use process at an Amgen site suggests that adopting two modular approaches genderless aseptic connectors and sterile welding - yield the most desirable outcome, with 5-year NPV savings exceeding $3 million USD. This number would increase substantially if applied to SUS across commercial manufacturing. While only modestly reducing the number of required assemblies, this scenario also involves the least amount of time required to connect the assemblies and address nonconformances. Some modular design practices, such as utilizing standard lengths and building large assemblies out of small ones, are counterproductive due to the increased number of connectors and potential for leaks. Therefore, a moderate modular approach is recommended, along with the adoption of supplier standard designs when available.
by Clinton Scot Rendall.
M.B.A.
S.M.
41
Patil, Girish. "Design of a Generic Runtime Monitor Approach using Formal Specifications to Enhance UAV Situational Awareness." Master's thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-212651.
Full textAbstract:
Software is the crux of many commercial, industrial and military systems. The software systems need to be very reliable especially in case of safety critical systems. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and manned aircraft are safety critical systems and hence failures related to software or software-hardware interaction leads to huge problems. The software systems need to be certified before they are deployed. Even after being certified several accidents and incidents have occurred and are occurring. The software errors can occur during any phase of software development. The reliability of the software is enhanced using the verification process. Runtime monitoring has various advantages over testing and model checking. Hence this thesis work explores runtime monitoring of UAV. The runtime monitoring shall verify the run of the current system state. The runtime monitoring shall monitor the health of the UAV and shall report to the operator about its status. The software faults and errors if not prevented shall lead to software failure. UAV lacks the situational awareness due to absence of pilot onboard. This motivated to use runtime monitor to enhance the situation awareness. The runtime monitor shall detect the software errors and avoid failures. This monitor shall also enhance the situational awareness of the remote operator. The runtime monitor that enhance situation awareness shall not only be applicable to specific UAV but this shall be applicable to all the UAV’s. Hence this work provides an independent Generic Runtime Monitor (GRM) to enhance the situation awareness. The runtime monitor has various methods but using formal specifications in specific using Linear Temporal Logic(LTL) to generate monitor is considered in this work. Runtime monitoring makes UAV more safe and at the same time reduces the costs as it verifies only the current run of the system state by providing a detection of critical errors. The situation awareness includes functional and environmental states that remote pilot shall not be aware of. The architecture plays vital role for the system design. GRM architecture is one such architecture which chalks out the overall independent system design for the runtime monitoring of the UAV system. This architecture is an extensible one. The generic requirements were elicited from different sources such as Aircraft Incidents and Accidents, Boeing Aero Magazine, Autonomous Rotorcraft Testbed for Intelligent Systems (ARTIS) requirements, generic Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Rotorcraft Systems (ALFURS) framework etc. The situation awareness can be categorized into three levels namely perception, comprehension and projection. The requirements were elicited for all the three levels of situation awareness. These requirements further formalized using temporal logics. The formalized requirements further translated into state automaton automatically.
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Tufano, Anna Rita. "Vibroacoustic coupling phenomena on heavy vehicles.Medium frequency experimental analysis and numerical applications for design specifications." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC052.
Full textAbstract:
La prestation vibroacoustique est une question primordiale pour les constructeurs de véhicules, qui sont contraints par des lois ainsi que par des besoins commerciales: d'une part, un grand nombre de normes existe, visant à régler les niveaux vibratoires et acoustiques que les occupants d'un véhicule peuvent supporter, d'autre part le constructeur est intéressé à garantir un haut degré de confort pour que son produit soit compétitif. L'industrie du poids lourds comporte des spécificités par rapport à d'autres secteurs industriels, et surtout par rapport au marché des véhicules légers: non seulement l'architecture d'un véhicule industriel est unique, mais en plus ce qui caractérise les poids lourds par rapport à d'autres véhicules terrestres est la grande diversité des configurations disponibles. Une bonne connaissance des mécanismes de transmission des vibrations et du bruit, ainsi que du bilan de leurs sources, permette de fixer des règles de conception plus rigoureuses pour les composants. Par ailleurs, la connaissance des influences des paramètres architecturaux d'un camion sur les prestations vibroacoustiques donne une meilleure clé d'interprétation pour prédire les caractéristiques qu'un composant du véhicule doit avoir. Actuellement ces vérifications sont largement basées sur des essais, soit subjectifs (estimations par des techniciens experts) soit objectifs (acquisitions par microphones et accéléromètres). Cette pratique est très coûteuse car, pour prendre en compte la diversité des camions, il faut tester un grand nombre de véhicules. Pour franchir ces limitations, le prototypage virtuel - au lieu des essais physiques - doit être renforcé. Les méthodologies numériques sont déjà utilisées au sein du Groupe Volvo, mais les outils disponibles sont considérés en partie inappropriés pour les besoins de calcul des prestations NVH. Les activités de cette thèse ont été réalisées dans le cadre du service Noise and Driveline Vibration, qui est responsable de l'estimation du confort acoustique perçu par les occupants du camion, dans toutes ces conditions d'utilisation. Les travaux de thèse sont concentrés sur le comportement du châssis comme composant principale; le châssis est la principale voie de transfert des vibrations depuis le moteur vers la cabine. En outre, une attention particulière sera donnée à l'effet des accessoires sur le comportement dynamique du châssis, bien que peu d'intérêt sera porté sur la signature vibratoire des accessoires mêmesThe vibroacoustic performance is a matter of primary concern for modern vehicle manufacturers, that are constrained by health and safety legislation as well as by commercial needs: on the one hand, a number of norms exists regulating the level of vibration and noise that vehicle occupants can tolerate, but on the other hand a manufacturer is also interested in guaranteeing a high level of comfort in order to keep products competitive. The commercial vehicle industry presents some peculiarity with respect to other vehicle manufacturing businesses, and especially to the more known car industry: not only the architecture of a commercial vehicle is a class of its own, but what differentiates the most trucks from other ground vehicles are the configuration diversity and customization. A deep knowledge of the vibration and noise transmission mechanisms in trucks as well as source breakdown allows defining more rigorous and strict component specifications. Furthermore, the comprehension of the sensitivity of truck architecture parameters on vibroacoustic features provides even deeper means to assess the needed properties for a component to be installed on a vehicle. At present the verification is largely based on tests, both subjective (assessment by experimented test engineers) and objective (microphone and accelerometer acquisitions). This practice is extremely expensive, since, in order to take into account the large diversity of trucks, a large number of vehicles has to be tested. To overcome this limit, virtual testing - as opposed to physical testing - should be strengthened. Numerical methods are already largely used in the Volvo Group, but the available tools are considered partly unfit to the NVH demands and inappropriate with respect to their specific needs. The activities of the current thesis have been developed in the framework of the Interior Noise and Driveline Vibration group, which is responsible for the estimation of the acoustic comfort perceived by driver and passengers in all driving conditions and vehicle uses. This thesis will focus on the behaviour of the chassis as a primary component. The chassis is the main transfer path for engine-induced vibrations transmitted to the cabin. Besides, a peculiar attention will be given to the effect the chassis equipment components have on the chassis dynamics, even though limited interest will be put on the investigation of the dynamic signature of the equipment itself
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Lu, Wenlong. "Modelling the integration between the design and inspection process of geometrical specifications for digital manufacturing." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/14054/.
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Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) is a technical language which covers the standardization for micro/macro- geometry specifications. In today’s environment of globalization, out-sourcing and sub-contracting is increasing. Geometrical specifications of a product need to be detailed to a degree where nothing is left open to interpretation. To fulfil this, and to meet the requirements of digital manufacturing, it is necessary to integrate the design and inspection process of a geometrical specification. At the technical level, many functional operator/operations are employed in a geometrical specification. These functional operators/operations are based on rigorous mathematics, and they are intricately related and inconvenient to be used directly. Consequently, it is of practical utility to build an integrated information system to encapsulate and manage the information involved in GPS. This thesis focuses on geometrical tolerancing, including form/orientation/ location tolerancing, and its integrated geometry information system. The main contributions are: Firstly, a global data expression for modelling the integration between the design and inspection process of a geometrical tolerance is presented based on category theory. The categorical data model represents, stores and manipulates all the elements and their relationships involved in design and inspection process of a geometrical tolerance, by categories, objects and morphisms, flexibly; the relationships between objects were refined by pull back structures; and the manipulations of the model such as query and closure of query are realized successfully by functor structures in category theory. Secondly, different categories of knowledge rules have been established to enhance the rationality and the intellectuality of the integrated geometry information system, such as the rules for the application of geometrical requirement, tolerance type, datum and datum reference framework and, for the refinement among geometrical specifications. Finally, the host system for drawing indication of geometrical tolerances in the framework of GPS was established based on AutoCAD 2007 using ObjectARX.
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Al-Hammouri, Mohammad Fawzi Ahmad. "Deriving Distributed Design Models from Global Requirements Models." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42083.
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During the system and software development process for distributed systems, the development of the overall system design is critical for correctness, performance, and reliability. The objective of this thesis is the improvement of methods and tools that can be used to obtain a correct design model for distributed system components automatically by deriving the design model from the global system requirements. Mainly, we are concerned with the transformation from a global requirements model to a distributed design model. The global requirements model describes the behavior of a distributed system in an abstract manner by defining the local actions to be performed by different roles which represent actors in the different system components. The distributed design model defines the behavior of each actor separately, including its local actions plus the exchange of coordination messages, which are necessary to assure that the actions are performed in the required order.
In this work, we first consider a global requirements model in the form of partially ordered actions similar to High-level Message Sequence Chart (HMSC). We study the realizability of the global requirements, which is said to be directly realizable if a design model can be constructed without any coordination messages. We study some problems which prevent direct realizability, such as strict sequence, non-local choice, non-deterministic choice, termination race, and others, and show under which conditions these problems are absent and the global model is directly realizable. For the other cases, we show how a conforming design model can be obtained by introducing a minimal number of coordination messages. In this context, we also show under which conditions sequence numbers are required in the messages of a weak while loop.
Then we study the automatic derivation of a distributed design model using a tool. In order to obtain an easily readable notation for the global requirements model, we adapt the HMSC notation to the UML Hierarchical State Machine (HSM) notation and extend this notation to describe the roles that participate in the actions of each state of the global behavior. A simple state represents some local actions of a single role, while a hierarchical state usually represents a collaboration between several roles. Then we describe a derivation algorithm that can be applied to a global model written in this proposed HSM notation and generates a distributable UML HSM model, which contains a hierarchical state machine for each role of the application.
We implemented this derivation algorithm as a tool in the context of the Umple UML development environment. This tool takes a global requirements model written in the extended HSM notation as input and automatically generates a UML HSM model. The distributed implementation environment described in Zakariapour’s thesis is used for generating a distributed Java implementation, where each distributed component contains one Java run-time environment and realizes the behavior of one or several of the roles of the application. A Travel Management System illustrative example has been discussed to illustrate the representation of the global model using the extended HSM notation and to demonstrate the correctness of the generated design models by the tool.
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Lefki, Lkhider. "Critical evaluation of seismic design criteria for steel buildings." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63980.
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Mehranipornejad, Ebrahim. "Evaluation of AASHTO design specifications for cast-in-place continuous bridge deck using remote sensing technique." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001584.
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Fu, Corinna S. "An investigation of the development of product design specifications : a conceptual development and a case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13609.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1990 and Thesis (M.S.)--Sloan School of Management, 1990.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 116-117).
by Corinna S. Fu.
M.S.
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Joel, Yongoua Nana. "Computational design of a smart and efficient control system for a residential air source heat pump water heater." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/4582.
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An air source heat pump (ASHP) water heater is a renewable and energy efficient hot water heating technology. ASHP water heaters are fast gaining maturity in the South African market and in Africa at large due to their low energy consumption (about 67 percent lower than conventional geysers), relatively low installation and operation cost, their environmental friendly nature and possibly the ease to retrofit with the old inefficient technologies. Furthermore, ASHP water heaters make use of some of the most recent advancement in refrigeration technologies enhancing their performance through a wide range of weather conditions. However, residential ASHP water heaters which come at the tail of a series of highly sophisticated models still harbour primitive control designs. One of such control system is the intermittent (on/off) control whereby the ASHP unit responds to a temperature differential threshold rather than instantaneous temperature fluctuations. Unfortunately, this control method contributes to a rapid deterioration of the compressor and other actuators due to high starting current during transient states and partial loading. Capacity control is a better alterative as it offers a more reliable system’s performance as well as a better protection for the system components. However, the drawbacks of implementing such a technology on residential ASHP water heaters is the initial purchasing cost. We use a systematic approach in this research to circumvent the purchasing cost and complete redesign hysteresis. The first step was centered around a hypothetical analysis of the performance of the heat exchangers in a bid to uncover the weakness during the operation of a residential ASHP water heater. It was observed that at ambient temperatures above 22°C notably during summer and winter afternoons, water only harnesses about 75 percent of the total heat rejected. Furthermore, the actuators keep doing work for about 15-20 minutes even after the heat transfer process has ceased completely. Following these observations, a sequential flow algorithm was developed aimed at matching the consumption point to weather variables like ambient temperature and secondly to most efficiently synchronize actuator components for a better energy management. This novel control method can save up to 58 percent of energy compared to the conventional on/off method during summer afternoons and averagely 20 percent during the rest of the day. It also has the merit to be cost effective as it barely requires no component retrofitting.
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LEME, FRANCISCO L. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de mecanismos de acionamento de barras de controle de reatores PWR." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2003. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11112.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 09062.pdf: 5495950 bytes, checksum: 05fcc5eac43b40ff1c16ad82e5319158 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Wickboldt, Walter Charles 1942. "SITE INVESTIGATION, DESIGN ANALYSIS AND CONTRACT SPECIFICATIONS FOR NEW SPILLWAY CONSTRUCTION, FRANCIS E. WALTER DAM, CARBON COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA (GEOLOGIC MAPPING, SLOPE STABILITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276737.
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