Journal articles on the topic 'Design rationale'

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1

Knudsen, L. S., L. M. Haase, and M. G. Goncalves. "DESIGN RATIONALE IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF PROFESSIONAL DESIGN TEAMS’ PRACTICE." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 1315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.11.

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AbstractA design rationale is a representation of the reasoning behind a design concept, explaining why the solution is designed the way it is. This makes design rationale a critical part of concept development. However, there is little exploration on how to build a design rationale. This study sheds light on professional designers’ reasoning in conceptual design, as we examine how design rationales for different concepts are built based on a longitudinal study in the context of two design studios. Particularly the study provides insight into how a design rationale is initiated, matured and finalized.
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Tsutsui, Yusuke, Yuya Mitake, Mar'atus Sholihah, Shigeru Hosono, and Yoshiki Shimomura. "A DESIGN RATIONALE ANALYSIS METHOD TOWARDS ROBUST ARTIFACT DESIGN." Proceedings of the Design Society 1 (July 27, 2021): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2021.8.

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AbstractTo design a more robust artifact, an artifact design based on a design rationale analysis is pivotal. Errors in previous design rationales that led to the degradation of artifact robustness in the past provide valuable knowledge towards improving the robust design. However, methods for exposing and analysing errors in design rationale remain unclear. This paper proposes a structured method for a design rationale analysis based on logical structuring. This method provides a well-constructed means of identifying and analysing errors in design rationale from the perspective of knowledge operation.
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de Medeiros, Adriana Pereira, and Daniel Schwabe. "Kuaba approach: Integrating formal semantics and design rationale representation to support design reuse." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 4 (September 18, 2008): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000279.

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AbstractThis article presents Kuaba, a new design rationale representation approach that enables employing design rationale to support reuse of model-based designs, particularly, software design. It is shown that this can be achieved through the adoption of an appropriate vocabulary that allows design rationale representations to be computationally processed. The architecture and implementation of an integrated design environment to support recording design rationale using Kuaba is also shown. The Kuaba approach integrates the design rationale representation model with the formal semantics provided by the metamodel of the design method or modeling language used for describing the artifact being designed. This integration makes the design rationale representations more specific according to the design methods and enables a type of software design reuse at the highest abstraction level, where rationales can be integrated and reemployed in designing a new artifact.
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Lee, Jintae. "Design Rationale Management Research." Knowledge Engineering Review 7, no. 4 (December 1992): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006470.

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Many benefits potentially stem from a structured representation and use of “design rationales”, i.e. the deliberations underlying a software design process. Explicitly-represented rationales help us understand the design better so that we can produce a better design, maintain the resulting artifact better, and exploit the cumulated knowledge when we need to redesign it. Explicit representation of the rationales also provide a basis for reviewing or justifying the decisions that have been made, for communicating with other members of the design team more easily, and for defining computer services that support various design activities, such as keeping track of dependencies or managing multiple viewpoints. Technologies, that have recently become available, such as multi-media and distributed databases, provide the necessary ingredients for pursuing these potential benefits seriously. As a result, in the past few year we have seen growing interest in design rationale management.
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Haynes, Steven R., Paula M. Bach, and John M. Carroll. "Scientific design rationale." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 4 (September 18, 2008): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000243.

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AbstractDesign rationale should be regarded both as a tool for the practice of design, and as a method to enable thescienceof design. Design rationale answers questions about why a given design takes the form that it does. Answers to thesewhyquestions represent a significant portion of the knowledge generated from design research. This knowledge, along with that from empirical studies of designs in use, contributes to what Simon calledthe sciences of the artificial. Most research on the nature and use of design rationale has been analytic or theoretical. In this article, we describe an empirical study of the roles that design rationale can play in the conduct of design research. We report results from an interview study with 16 design researchers investigating how they construe and carry out design as research. The results include an integrated framework of the affordances design rationale can contribute to design research. The framework and supporting qualitative data provide insight into how design rationale might be more effectively leveraged as a first-class methodology for research into the creation and use of artifacts.
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Thornicroft, Graham, Geraldine Strathdee, Michael Phelan, Frank Holloway, Til Wykes, Graham Dunn, Paul McCrone, Morven Leese, Sonia Johnson, and George Szmukler. "Rationale and design." British Journal of Psychiatry 173, no. 5 (November 1998): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.173.5.363.

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BackgroundThis paper sets out the rationale for the PRiSM Psychosis Study, and the research design used. Nine accompanying papers present the main results. The questions addressed by the PRiSM Psychosis Study are: can the gains of experimental studies which have demonstrated benefits arising from treatment by community mental health teams be translated to routine settings? If so, are the benefits diluted in ordinary clinical practice? What are the costs?MethodA prospective non-randomised controlled trial of two types of community mental health service, in two phases: case identification followed by patient interviews. For the case identification the research team conducted the complete ascertainment of all prevalent cases of psychosis in the two study catchment areas in the index year (1991–1992). From all 514 patients with psychotic disorders thus identified, 302 were randomly allocated for interview, along with a key informant clinician and a carer. Interviews were undertaken at two time points, two years apart.ResultsThis paper presents the socio-demographic, clinical and ethnic characteristics of the patients.ConclusionsThe people with psychosis interviewed for the PRiSM Psychosis Study are representative of the whole epidemiologically based patient population identified.
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7

Falessi, Davide, Martin Becker, and Giovanni Cantone. "Design decision rationale." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 31, no. 5 (September 2006): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1163514.1178642.

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Bracewell, Rob, Ken Wallace, Michael Moss, and David Knott. "Capturing design rationale." Computer-Aided Design 41, no. 3 (March 2009): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2008.10.005.

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Burge, Janet E. "Design rationale: Researching under uncertainty." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 4 (September 18, 2008): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000218.

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AbstractRationale research in software development is a challenging area because although there is no shortage of advocates for its value, there is also no shortage of reasons for why rationale is unlikely to be captured in practice. Despite more than 30 years of research there still remains much uncertainty: how useful are the potential benefits and how insurmountable are the barriers? Will the value of the rationale (design and otherwise) justify the cost of collecting it? Although there have been numerous rationale research projects, many, if not most, received little or no empirical evaluation. There also have not been many studies examining what the needs are of the practitioners who would be supported by the rationale. This article discusses the “doom and gloom” predictions of rationale's failure, provides a survey of evaluations of rationale systems, and discusses what we hope is a brighter outlook for rationale research in the future. There are development standards and synergistic research areas that may help with rationale research and its acceptance in the software community with which we should be working. This article also presents the results of a pilot survey of software developers who were asked how they would envision using rationale and what they believe the most important barriers are. Although some results were as expected, there were also some surprises. Research on technology transfer indicates that, among other things, to transition successfully from research into practice we need to understand the need that is being met and demonstrate the value of our approach. Until we have determined how our work is needed by the people we are trying to help we will remain researching under uncertainty.
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Peña-Mora, Feniosky, and Sanjeev Vadhavkar. "Augmenting design patterns with design rationale." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 2 (April 1997): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006040000189x.

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AbstractPresent-day software applications are increasingly required to be “reuse-conscious” in terms of the operating platforms, topology, and evolutionary requirements. Traditionally, there has been much difficulty in communicating specialized knowledge like design intents, design recommendations, and design justifications in the discipline of software engineering. This paper presents a methodology based on the combination of design rationale and design patterns to design reusable software systems. Design rationale is the representation of the reasoning behind the design of an artifact. Design patterns are descriptions of communicating objects and classes that are customized to solve a general design problem in a particular context. The paper details the use of an explicit software development process to capture and disseminate the specialized knowledge (i.e., intents, recommendations, and justifications) that augments the description of the cases in a library (i.e., design patterns) during the development of software applications by heterogeneous groups. The importance of preserving and using this specialized knowledge has become apparent with the growing trend of combining the software development process with the product (i.e., software code). The importance of codifying corporate memory in this regard is also important considering the changing nature of the workplace, where more people are on contract. The information on how and why a software code was developed becomes essential for efficient and smooth continuity of the present software project as well as for reusing the code in future projects. It has become essential to capture the design rationale to develop and design software systems efficiently and reliably. The software prototype developed using the combined methodology will be used as a part of an integrated design environment for reusable software design. This environment supports collaborative development of software applications by a group of software specialists from a library of building block cases represented by design patterns.
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11

MYERS, KAREN L., NINA B. ZUMEL, and PABLO GARCIA. "Acquiring design rationale automatically." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 14, no. 2 (April 2000): 115–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400142027.

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The value of comprehensive rationale for documenting a design has long been recognized. However, designers rarely produce detailed rationale in practice because of the substantial time investment required. Efforts to support the acquisition of rationale information have focused on languages and tools for structuring the acquisition process, but still require substantial involvement on the part of the designer. This paper describes an experimental system, the Rationale Construction Framework (RCF), that acquires rationale information for the detailed design process without disrupting a designer's normal activities. The underlying approach involves monitoring designer interactions with a commercial computer-assisted design (CAD) tool to produce a rich process history. This history is subsequently structured and interpreted relative to a background theory of design metaphors that enable explanation of certain aspects of the design process. The framework provides an environment that can acquire rich, meaningful rationale information in a time- and cost-effective manner, with minimal disruption to the designer.
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12

Burge, Janet E., and Rob Bracewell. "Special Issue: Design Rationale." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 4 (September 18, 2008): 309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000206.

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13

Boy, Guy A. "Supportability-Based Design Rationale." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 28, no. 15 (June 1995): 473–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)45277-3.

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Lee, Jintae, and Kum-Yew Lai. "What's in Design Rationale?" Human-Computer Interaction 6, no. 3 (September 1, 1991): 251–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327051hci0603&4_3.

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15

Shipman, Frank M., and Raymond J. McCall. "Integrating different perspectives on design rationale: Supporting the emergence of design rationale from design communication." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 2 (April 1997): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006040000192x.

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AbstractDesign rationale is a topic that implies different things to different people. To some it implies argumentation and frameworks for argumentation. To others it implies the documentation of design, like that required for many types of industrial or government work. Still others describe design rationale as the capture and potential reuse of normal communication about design. These perspectives of design rationale use different representations, which influence their ability to capture and to retrieve and use information. We propose an integrated approach to design rationale where design communication is captured and, over time, incrementally structured into argumentation and other formalisms to enable improved retrieval and use of this information. Two systems, PHIDIAS and the Hyper-Object Substrate, are used to demonstrate: (1) how to capture and integrate a variety of design information, (2) how to support the structuring of unstructured information, and (3) how to use design information to actively support design.
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Chung, Paul W. H., and René Bañares-Alcántara. "Capturing and using design rationale." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 2 (April 1997): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001888.

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Published research on design rationale (DR) goes back at least 25 years. Judging by the number of publications and the variety of application domains, there has been a significant increase in related research activities in recent years. For example, there have been other special issues on design rationale (e.g., Carrol & Moran, 1991), workshops in international conferences (e.g., Lee, 1992; Chung & Bañares–Alcántara, 1994), and the first book on design rationale has just appeared (Carrol & Moran, 1996).
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Nichols, E. H., and M. Packer. "PARADIGM-HF: Rationale and Design." MD Conference Express 14, no. 12 (July 1, 2014): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155989771412003.

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Wang, Jing, Umer Farooq, and John M. Carroll. "Does Design Rationale Enhance Creativity?" Human Technology: An Interdisciplinary Journal on Humans in ICT Environments 6, no. 1 (May 31, 2010): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/ht/urn.20105241910.

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Hirvisalo, V., J. Arkko, J. Kuusela, E. Nuutila, and M. Tamminen. "XE design rationale: Clu revisited." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 24, no. 9 (August 11, 1989): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/68127.68130.

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Chandrasekaran, B., A. K. Goel, and Y. Iwasaki. "Functional representation as design rationale." Computer 26, no. 1 (January 1993): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/2.179157.

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Babar, Muhammad Ali, and Patricia Lago. "Design decisions and design rationale in software architecture." Journal of Systems and Software 82, no. 8 (August 2009): 1195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2009.05.053.

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Slobod, Karen, Chris Coleclough, Mattia Bonsignori, Scott Brown, Xiaoyan Zhan, Sherri Surman, Amy Zirkel, et al. "HIV Vaccine Rationale, Design and Testing." Current HIV Research 3, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162053506928.

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Li, Luye, Shuming Gao, Ying Liu, and Xiaolian Qin. "Enhanced SPARQL-based design rationale retrieval." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, no. 4 (October 4, 2016): 406–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006041600038x.

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AbstractDesign rationale (DR) is an important category within design knowledge, and effective reuse of it depends on its successful retrieval. In this paper, an ontology-based DR retrieval approach is presented, which allows users to search by entering normal queries such as questions in natural language. First, an ontology-based semantic model of DR is developed based on the extended issue-based information system-based DR representation in order to effectively utilize the semantics embedded in DR, and a database of ontology-based DR is constructed, which supports SPARQL queries. Second, two SPARQL query generation methods are proposed. The first method generates initial SPARQL queries from natural language queries automatically using template matching, and the other generates initial SPARQL queries automatically from DR record-based queries. In addition, keyword extension and optimization is conducted to enhance the SPARQL-based retrieval. Third, a design rationale retrieval prototype system is implemented. The experimental results show the advantages of the proposed approach.
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Tang, Antony, Muhammad Ali Babar, Ian Gorton, and Jun Han. "A survey of architecture design rationale." Journal of Systems and Software 79, no. 12 (December 2006): 1792–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2006.04.029.

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Darwish, S. M., and A. Al-Samhan. "Design rationale of weld-bonded joints." International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 24, no. 5 (October 2004): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-7496(03)00065-4.

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Daughtry, John, Janet Burge, John M. Carroll, and Colin Potts. "Creativity and rationale in software design." ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes 34, no. 1 (January 31, 2009): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1457516.1460354.

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Falessi, Davide, Lionel C. Briand, Giovanni Cantone, Rafael Capilla, and Philippe Kruchten. "The value of design rationale information." ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology 22, no. 3 (July 2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2491509.2491515.

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Tognoni, G. "Rationale and Design of GISSI 3." Cardiology 79, no. 1 (1991): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000174909.

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Ullman, David G. "Design rationale: Concepts, techniques, and use." Design Studies 18, no. 3 (July 1997): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-694x(97)89853-5.

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Nikolaeva, Irina A., and Igor G. Sidorovich. "105 Rationale for HIV vaccines design." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 65 (April 2014): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000446685.40996.c6.

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Lee, J. "Design rationale systems: understanding the issues." IEEE Expert 12, no. 3 (May 1997): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/64.592267.

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Ponikowski, Piotr. "Rationale and design of CIBIS III." European Heart Journal Supplements 8, suppl_C (June 1, 2006): C35—C42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/sul012.

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Dillon, Andrew. "Design rationale: Concepts, techniques, and use." Journal of the American Society for Information Science 48, no. 8 (August 1997): 762–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4571(199708)48:8<762::aid-asi8>3.0.co;2-q.

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Kala, Petr, and Milan Bláha. "Czech TAVI Registry - rationale and design." Cor et Vasa 54, no. 5-6 (May 1, 2012): e143-e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvasa.2012.05.003.

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Wade, D. C., and R. N. Hill. "The design rationale of the IFR." Progress in Nuclear Energy 31, no. 1-2 (January 1997): 13–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(96)00002-9.

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Liu, Ji Hong, and Xu Jie Hu. "Representing the Evolving Design Rationale to Support Design Reuse." Advanced Materials Research 308-310 (August 2011): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.308-310.288.

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Engineering design is an innovative process that relies heavily upon associations to past experience and similar designs. Design rationale (DR) explains why an artifact is designed the way it is. An explicit representation of DR can bring many benefits to understand, modify, or reuse a design. This paper argues that because the design is a cognitive activity continuously iterative and evolving, the conventional argument-based representation of DR has some inherent limitations. An intent-driven representation model is created to capture and formalize the evolving DR. The DR elements and their interactive relationships are defined. Furthermore, two methods to reconstruct the DR model, namely the structure-based clustering and the context-based extraction, are explored to reduce the complexity of the model and to support effective DR traceability for the reuse purpose. Finally, a graphical DR modeling system is developed. And the future research is discussed.
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Chirkin, Aleksei A., and Valerii D. Kantemirov. "Rationale for mobile crushing plants design methodology." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii Gornyi zhurnal 7, no. 7 (November 11, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21440/0536-1028-2020-7-33-40.

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Introduction. Modern mining enterprises in Russia and abroad use opencast mining on a wide scale making the best use of the cyclic-flow technology with mobile crushing plants (PDPU) of various designs. Research aim is to substantiate the methodology of designing mobile crushing plants. Methodology. The work of designers and constructors in choosing the type of PDPU layout scheme and elements of its design, as well as in improving the installation as a whole, is difficult due to the lack of a unified methodological approach to the design of mobile crushing plants in a modular (block) design. Multiple layout solutions in mobile crushing plants design required the formulation of general principles for such plants. PDPU structures were analyzed in the article, and the optimal layout of the plant in a modular design was substantiated as a part of the open-pit transport scheme. Results. The research, including the research carried out in IM UB RAS, made it possible to develop initial requirements for such plants design. In accordance with the requirements the designers of the Uralmash Machine-Building Corporation developed the technical design of the PDPU-2000 mobile unit with a capacity of 2000 m3/ h, consisting of three modules based on the cone crusher KKD 1500/180. Conclusions. Two and three-module plants equipped with large-sized jaw and cone crushers are promising modular PDPU designs currently being developed. The transfer of installation modules to a new location is carried out using a multi-purpose tracked conveyor with a lifting capacity of up to 1000 tons. Recently, there has been an increased interest in this type of PDPU, as evidenced by the large number of patented technical solutions.
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Chiou, Guey-Fa. "Learning Rationales and Virtual Reality Technology in Education." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 23, no. 4 (June 1995): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4j65-a2al-p58b-5nw6.

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Virtual reality technology has many potentials to be applied to help learning. Learning rationales are required to guide the design of virtual reality technology-based learning (VR-Based Learning). Constructionism, case-based learning, problem-based learning, and situated learning are considered as appropriate rationales. An integrated learning rationale and design models based on the integrated learning rationale for VR-based learning are needed. Beliefs about information technology in education were used as guidelines to discuss the application of virtual reality technology to design virtual learning environment, virtual learning material, and virtual learning tool. Virtual reality technology is a modeling technology, education is a modeling process, combining these two modeling approaches is natural and necessary.
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Aurisicchio, Marco, Marina Gourtovaia, Rob Bracewell, and Ken Wallace. "How to evaluate reading and interpretation of differently structured engineering design rationales." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 4 (September 18, 2008): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000231.

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AbstractDocumented engineering design rationale has the potential to become a key source of information about past designs. Ease of comprehension of design rationale might play a crucial role in ensuring that the full potential of documented information is realized and that the effort and time necessary to capture design rationale pay off. This research proposes an empirical methodology for evaluating how structuring design rationale and supplying it with visual nontextual cues influences reading and interpretation. The study compares reading and interpretation of technical documentation presented in different formats to engineering graduate trainees in the aerospace industry.
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Agouridas, Vassilis, and Peter Simons. "Antecedence and consequence in design rationale systems." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 22, no. 4 (September 18, 2008): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060408000255.

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AbstractIdentification of latent or unarticulated customer and other stakeholder needs has been a significant barrier to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the front-end phase of new product development processes. In-depth determination of stakeholder needs entails analysis of their intentions; the overall aim of the work reported in this article is to establish a framework of intentional analysis, and its associated methods and techniques for improving traceability of design practice during the early phases of the design process. The specific aim of this article is to present a conceptual framework for design rationale systems. The framework built upon the cross-fertilization of approaches and methods drawn from systems engineering and philosophy, focussing on the notions of antecedence and consequence. It was developed in the course of tackling design problems originating in industrial contexts. The methods developed were thus evaluated, updated, and refined in real applications. Two application cases are described that have been drawn from the aerospace and power sectors, respectively. The applications showed that the framework's central antecedent/consequent scheme provides a cell from which to develop either a history of actual successive changes, or a tree of alternative possible projected designs.
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Mohamed, Abdulmajid Hissen, Abdulsalam Mansour Alshrief, and Mabrouka Ali Jelban. "A Design Rationale Model for Green Human Computer Interaction Design." Lecture Notes on Information Theory 5, no. 1 (2017): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/lnit.5.1.29-33.

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McKerlie, Diane, and Allan MacLean. "Reasoning with Design Rationale: practical experience with design space analysis." Design Studies 15, no. 2 (April 1994): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-694x(94)90026-4.

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Brazier, Frances M. T., Pieter H. G. van Langen, and Jan Treur. "A compositional approach to modelling design rationale." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 11, no. 2 (April 1997): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001918.

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AbstractDesign support systems need to be developed on the basis of an understanding of the human design process to be useful during design. The explicit representation of design history and rationale are of particular importance for explanation and reuse. Within the DESIRE framework for compositional modelling, a generic task model of design has been developed that clearly specifies the role of design history and design rationale within the design process. The model provides a structure to distinguish different types of design rationale, according to the functional role they play in the design process. It has been used to structure the modelling process of an example aircraft design task, which illustrates the various instances of design rationale that can be generated.
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Ehrlich, Carl F. "HL-20 concept - Design rationale and approach." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 30, no. 5 (September 1993): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.25568.

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Gross, Christopher E., Ariel A. Palanca, and James K. DeOrio. "Design Rationale for Total Ankle Arthroplasty Systems." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 26, no. 10 (May 2018): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-d-16-00715.

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46

ZHANG, Yingzhong. "Semantic Representation for Design Rationale of Product." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 48, no. 17 (2012): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2012.12.135.

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47

Shannon, Michael J. "Toward a Rationale for Public Design Education." Design Issues 7, no. 1 (1990): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1511469.

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Henry, Timothy D., Gary L. Schaer, Anthony Demaria, David Recker, Ann E. Remmers, James Goodrich, and Amit N. Patel. "The ixCELL-DCM Trial: Rationale and Design." Cell Transplantation 25, no. 9 (September 2016): 1689–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/096368916x691295.

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49

Peña-Mora, Feniosky, Duvvuru Sriram, and Robert Logcher. "Design Rationale for Computer-Supported Conflict Mitigation." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 1995): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(1995)9:1(57).

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50

Fried, Linda P., Nemat O. Borhani, Paul Enright, Curt D. Furberg, Julius M. Gardin, Richard A. Kronmal, Lewis H. Kuller, et al. "The cardiovascular health study: Design and rationale." Annals of Epidemiology 1, no. 3 (February 1991): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w.

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