Journal articles: 'Design of robotic Workstation'

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Colim, Ana, Carlos Faria, João Cunha, João Oliveira, Nuno Sousa, and Luís A. Rocha. "Physical Ergonomic Improvement and Safe Design of an Assembly Workstation through Collaborative Robotics." Safety 7, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety7010014.

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One of the key interesting features of collaborative robotic applications is the potential to lighten the worker workload and potentiate better working conditions. Moreover, developing robotics applications that meets ergonomic criteria is not always a straightforward endeavor. We propose a framework to guide the safe design and conceptualization of ergonomic-driven collaborative robotics workstations. A multi-disciplinary approach involving robotics and ergonomics and human factors shaped this methodology that leads future engineers through the digital transformation of a manual assembly (with repetitive and hazardous operations) to a hybrid workstation, focusing on the physical ergonomic improvement. The framework follows four main steps, (i) the characterization of the initial condition, (ii) the risk assessment, (iii) the definition of requirements for a safe design, and (iv) the conceptualization of the hybrid workstation with all the normative implications it entails. We applied this methodology to a case study in an assembly workstation of a furniture manufacturing company. Results show that the methodology adopted sets an adequate foundation to accelerate the design and development of new human-centered collaborative robotic workstations.

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Yang, Xiuqing, Xinglu Liu, Lijuan Feng, Jianquan Zhang, and Mingyao Qi. "Non-Traditional Layout Design for Robotic Mobile Fulfillment System with Multiple Workstations." Algorithms 14, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14070203.

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This paper studies the layout design of a robotic mobile fulfillment system with multiple workstations. This is a parts-to-picker storage system where robots hoist pods and bring them directly to the workstations for stationary pickers to retrieve required items. As few research efforts have focused on determining the optimal locations of workstations in such systems, we develop an integer programming model to determine the location of workstations to minimize the total traveling distance of robots. In addition, we investigate the near-optimal workstation location patterns (i.e., some general workstation configuration rules) in the context of both traditional and flying-V layouts. A series of experiments led to the following findings: (1) the flying-V layout can save 8∼26% of travel distance compared with the traditional layout, and the sacrifice of space use is only 2∼3% for medium or large warehouses; (2) instead of solving the optimization model, the proposed 2n rule and n+1 rule are simple and easily implemented ways to locate workstations, with travel distance gaps of less than 1.5% and 5% for traditional and flying-V layouts, respectively; and (3) the “optimal” cross-aisle angle (i.e., θ) in flying-V layout can be set as large as possible as long as the cross-aisle intersects the left or right edge of the warehouse.

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Decelle, Linda S. "Design of a Robotic Workstation for Component Insertion." AT&T Technical Journal 67, no. 2 (March 4, 1988): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1988.tb00241.x.

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Okamoto, Hideho, and Kohji Deuchi. "Design of a robotic workstation for automated organic synthesis." Laboratory Robotics and Automation 12, no. 1 (2000): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2728(2000)12:1<2::aid-lra2>3.0.co;2-k.

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Currie, Nancy J., and Brian Peacock. "International Space Station Robotic Systems Operations - a Human Factors Perspective." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 1 (September 2002): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600106.

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Assembly and maintenance of the International Space Station (ISS) relies heavily on the use of extravehicular robotic systems. When fully assembled the ISS robotics complement will include three main manipulators, two small dexterous arms, and a mobile base and transporter system. The complexity and mobility of the systems and limited opportunities for direct viewing of the Space Station's exterior makes telerobotic operations an especially challenging task. Although fundamental manipulator design, control systems, and strategies for autonomous versus manual control vary greatly between the systems, commonality in the design of workstation controls and displays is considered essential to enhance operator performance and reduce the possibility of errors. Principal human factors opportunities are associated with workstation layout, human-computer interface considerations, adequacy of alignment cues for maintenance of safe approach corridors during mating tasks, spatial awareness challenges, integration of supplemental computer graphic displays to enhance operator global situational awareness, and training methodologies for preservation of critical skills during long-duration missions.

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Zhou, Binghai, and Qiong Wu. "An improved immune clonal selection algorithm for bi-objective robotic assemble line balancing problems considering time and space constraints." Engineering Computations 36, no. 6 (July 8, 2019): 1868–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-11-2018-0512.

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Purpose The extensive applications of the industrial robots have made the optimization of assembly lines more complicated. The purpose of this paper is to develop a balancing method of both workstation time and station area to improve the efficiency and productivity of the robotic assembly lines. A tradeoff was made between two conflicting objective functions, minimizing the number of workstations and minimizing the area of each workstation. Design/methodology/approach This research proposes an optimal method for balancing robotic assembly lines with space consideration and reducing robot changeover and area for tools and fixtures to further minimize assembly line area and cycle time. Due to the NP-hard nature of the considered problem, an improved multi-objective immune clonal selection algorithm is proposed to solve this constrained multi-objective optimization problem, and a special coding scheme is designed for the problem. To enhance the performance of the algorithm, several strategies including elite strategy and global search are introduced. Findings A set of instances of different problem scales are optimized and the results are compared with two other high-performing multi-objective algorithms to evaluate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed algorithm. It is found that the proposed method can efficiently solve the real-world size case of time and space robotic assembly line balancing problems. Originality/value For the first time in the robotic assembly line balancing problems, an assignment-based tool area and a sequence-based changeover time are took into consideration. Furthermore, a mathematical model with bi-objective functions of minimizing the number of workstations and area of each station was developed. To solve the proposed problem, an improved multi-objective immune clonal selection algorithm was proposed and a special coding scheme is designed.

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Castellani, William J., Frederick Van Lente, and David Chou. "Comment: Applications of robotics in the clinical laboratory." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 12, no. 4 (1990): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924690000177.

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The implementation of a robotic workstation in the clinical laboratory involves considerations and compromises common to any instrument design and development activity. The trade-off between speed and flexibility not only affects the way the instrument interacts with human operators and other devices (the ‘real-world interface’), but also places limitations on the adaptation of chemistries to the given instrument. Mechanical optimization for speed and reproducibility places restrictions on the imprecision of consumables. Attempts to adapt a robot to a constrained system may entail compromises that either degrades the theoretically-attainable quality of results, or requires human interaction to compensate for physical or mechanical limitations. The general considerations of function and workflow, programming and support, and reliability place practical limits on the implementation of robotic workstations in the clinical laboratory.

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Colla, Valentina, Ruben Matino, Antonius Johannes Schröder, Mauro Schivalocchi, and Lea Romaniello. "Human-Centered Robotic Development in the Steel Shop: Improving Health, Safety and Digital Skills at the Workplace." Metals 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2021): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11040647.

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Within the implementation of the Industry 4.0 paradigm in the steel sector, robots can play a relevant role in improving health and safety conditions at the workplace, by overtaking cumbersome, repetitive and risky operations. However, the implementation of robotics solutions in this particular sector is hampered by harsh operating conditions and by particular features of many procedures, which require a combination of force and sensitivity. Human–robot cooperation is a viable solution to overcome existing barriers, by synergistically combining human and robot abilities in the sense of a human-centered Industry 5.0. In this sense, robotics solution should be designed in a way to integrate and meet the end-users’ demands in a common development process for successfully implementation and widely acceptance. The paper presents the outcomes of the field evaluation of a robotic workstation, which was designed for a complex maintenance operation that is daily performed in the steel shop. The system derives from a co-creation process, where workers were involved since the beginning in the design process, according to the paradigm of social innovation combining technological and social development. Therefore, the evaluation aimed at assessing both system reliability and end-users’ satisfaction. The results show that the human-centered robotic workstations are successful in reducing cumbersome operations and improving workers’ health and safety conditions, and that this fact is clearly perceived by system users and developers.

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Yu, Ke, Liyun Zhang, Yanling Zhang, Qian Yu, Xiaohong Li, and Sujatha Krishnamoorthy. "Design of a workstation based on a human-interfacing robot for occupational health and safety." Work 68, no. 3 (March 26, 2021): 863–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203420.

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BACKGROUND: Robots communicate with the physical world program with the mechanic’s simulations. They recommend that people-to-people robotics will prepare for cognitive models. Presently, there is a considerable concern for greater flexibility and efficiency in the scope of human-robot interfacing collaboration across hospitals. Nevertheless, interfacing is still in its infancy in manufacturing; industrial practitioners have many questions and doubts about the efficiency of the device and the health of human operators. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, research on processes and methods of design is required to ensure that the intended human-computer interaction-based workstations effectively meet system performance, human safety, and ergonomics standards for realistic applications. This study provides a design process for a workstation appropriate for occupational health and safety. This article outlines the perspectives learned from incorporation into the preparation and operation of robotics of digital cognitive models. RESULTS: This ends with an overarching game-theoretical model of contact and analyses how different approaches contribute to effective communicating activities for the robot in its interaction with people. CONCLUSION: The new feature of this design process is the approach for testing alternative workstation designs, taking into account efficiency and safety features with computer simulations.

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Carrabine, Laura. "Merging CAD with IT." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 07 (July 1, 1998): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jul-1.

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This article highlights the various processes involved in shipbuilding such as design, production planning, material sourcing, and outfitting. Since the program’s inception, Newport News Shipbuilding (NNS), has leveraged its computer-aided- design, -manufacturing, and –engineering (CAD/CAM/CAE) system and IT infrastructure to successfully revitalize its engineering environment and remain profitable in a rapidly changing marketplace. NNS engineers perform all of their ship product modeling using a proprietary program called VIVID, a design system that enables users to concurrently design structures in a multidisciplinary environment. As part of the continuing effort to develop its IT infrastructure and automate production processes, NNS has invested $60 million in upgrading its engineering design systems and automating manufacturing facilities with advanced material-handling systems, robotic cutting work cells, and robotic welding work cells. NNS is also transitioning its product-modeling systems from a Unix workstation environment to Windows NT platforms based on Microsoft’s ActiveX and COM technologies.

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Palomba, Ilaria, Luca Gualtieri, Rafael Rojas, Erwin Rauch, Renato Vidoni, and Andrea Ghedin. "Mechatronic Re-Design of a Manual Assembly Workstation into a Collaborative One for Wire Harness Assemblies." Robotics 10, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics10010043.

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Nowadays, the wire harness assembly process is still manually performed due to the process complexity and product variability (e.g., wires of different kind, size and length). The Wire cobots project, in which this work was conceived, aims at improving the current state-of-art assembly process by introducing in it collaborative robotics. A shared workstation exploiting human abilities and machine strengths was developed to assembly automotive wire harness by means of insulated tape for a real industrial case. In the new workstation, the human deals with the complex task of wire handling, while the robot performs the repetitive and strenuous taping operations. Such a task allocation together with the workstation redesign allow for an improvement of the operator’s well-being in terms of postural conditions and for an increase of the production efficiency. In this paper, the mechanical and mechatronic design, as well as the realization and validation of this new collaborative workstation are presented and discussed.

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Semjon, Ján, and Rastislav Demko. "PROPOSAL OF HANDLING PROCESS ON ROBOTIZED WORKPLACE WITH DUAL ARM ROBOT." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, no. 3(17) (2019): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-3(17)-89-95.

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Urgency of the research. Deployment of two-arm robots in different plants increases production or assembly efficiency. By designing a robotized workstation for assembly we will improve students' competences in the field of robot programming. By preparing students at robotic workplaces using two-arm robots, we increase their employment in the labor market. Target setting. The aim of the solution is to design an educational workplace for assembly, equipped with a two-arm robot. The object gripper uses Schunk electric grippers to adjust the range of movement and clamping force. This will allow students to create an optimal program according to individual requirements. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The question of the use of collaborative robotics in industry is highly relevant. If two-arm industrial robots are equipped with safety sensors, we can increase the safety of working in collaborative workplaces without using a collaborative robot. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Increasing the skills of students in the programming of industrial robots, improves their possibilities of employment in practice. At the same time, it creates conditions for maintaining the growth of the national economy in the near future. The research objective. The aim of the research was to design a robotic workplace so that students could use a creative approach to solve a given problem. At the same time, the use of the Faculty logo as a model for the proposed assembly preparation will increase the social awareness of the whole university. The statement of basic materials. The deployment of two-arm robots and the preparation of workers for their programming, maintenance and operation will ensure the development of robotics and facilitate manual work. This also leads to an increase in the share of production and deployment of products with higher added value. Conclusions. The article describes the design, production, programming and commissioning of a robotized workplace for educational purposes. The workplace is equipped with a two-arm Yaskawa robot and a pair of Schunk electric grippers. The aim of the work was to design an assembly and dismantling process that would demonstrate the possibilities of working on a two-arm robot. The robotized workstation, when completed, allows the rotary cylinder to be inserted and then removed in a closed loop. Manipulated parts are found in the proposed fixtures, whose shape is based on the university's initial fonts, which make up its logo. Students participating in the learning process will be able to modify the program based on the teacher's assignment and thus improve their robot programming skills.

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Gualtieri, Luca, Ilaria Palomba, Fabio Antonio Merati, Erwin Rauch, and Renato Vidoni. "Design of Human-Centered Collaborative Assembly Workstations for the Improvement of Operators’ Physical Ergonomics and Production Efficiency: A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2020): 3606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093606.

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Industrial collaborative robotics is one of the main enabling technologies of Industry 4.0. Collaborative robots are innovative cyber-physical systems, which allow safe and efficient physical interactions with operators by combining typical machine strengths with inimitable human skills. One of the main uses of collaborative robots will be the support of humans in the most physically stressful activities through a reduction of work-related biomechanical overload, especially in manual assembly activities. The improvement of operators’ occupational work conditions and the development of human-centered and ergonomic production systems is one of the key points of the ongoing fourth industrial revolution. The factory of the future should focus on the implementation of adaptable, reconfigurable, and sustainable production systems, which consider the human as their core and valuable part. Strengthening actual assembly workstations by integrating smart automation solutions for the enhancement of operators’ occupational health and safety will be one of the main goals of the near future. In this paper, the transformation of a manual workstation for wire harness assembly into a collaborative and human-centered one is presented. The purpose of the work is to present a case study research for the design of a collaborative workstation to improve the operators’ physical ergonomics while keeping or increasing the level of productivity. Results demonstrate that the achieved solution provides valuable benefits for the operators’ working conditions as well as for the production performance of the companies. In particular, the biomechanical overload of the worker has been reduced by 12.0% for the right part and by 28% for the left part in terms of manual handling, and by 50% for the left part and by 57% for the right part in terms of working postures. In addition, a reduction of the cycle time of 12.3% has been achieved.

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FLORES MONTAÑO, LUIS ALBERTO, JUAN CARLOS HERRERA LOZADA, JACOBO SANDOVAL GUTIERREZ, RODRIGO VAZQUEZ LOPEZ, and DANIEL LIBRADO MARTINEZ VAZQUEZ. "CIBERSECURITY ON INTERNET OF ROBOTICS THINGS: EXPERIMENTAL PLATFORM." DYNA 96, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10022.

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The Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) is a technology that looks for monitoring, operating, and maintaining the tasks of multiple robots through the cloud. However, using these robots in cyberspace has a risk and an inherent problem in cybersecurity. To analyze the implications of this technology, the objective was to design, operate and submit an IoRT system with the default configuration. The proposed methodology consisted of designing an IoRT architecture; implement three robotic platforms linked to the cloud, applying a sniffing and spoofing cyberattacks, assess the impacts, and propose solutions. The experiment used three prototypes: two servo motors, a 6-degree-of-freedom arm, and a workstation with a robot. Additionally, the tools of the experiment were a conventional computer, a Raspberry Pi microcomputer, the Robotic Operative System middleware, the Kali Linux distribution, and the ThingSpeak cloud service. The contributions of the work were three, first it was proven that four types of links are sufficient to homologate, and ensure the integrity, reliability, and availability in the operation of different types of robots. Also, it was possible the connection of these robots even though they are not designed to work on the internet through a slave-robot node link. Finally, a real list of the consequences was obtained, given the vulnerabilities and the attacks tested, as well as some recommendations.Keywords: Cybersecurity, IoRT, Industry 4.0., Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures, Cloud, ROS.

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Benamor, Anouar, Wafa Boukadida, and Hassani Messaoud. "Genetic algorithm-based multi-objective design of optimal discrete sliding mode approach for trajectory tracking of nonlinear systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 15 (April 11, 2019): 5237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219841076.

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In this paper, a novel multi-objective design of optimal control for robotic manipulators is considered. Generally, robots are known by their highly nonlinearities, unmodeled dynamics, and uncertainties. In order to design an optimal control law, based on the linear quadratic regulator, the robotic system is described as a linear time varying model. The compensation of both disturbances and uncertainties is ensured by the integral sliding mode control. The problem of deciding the optimal configuration of the linear quadratic regulator controller is considered as an optimization problem, which can be solved by the application of genetic algorithm. The main contribution of this paper is to consider a multi-objective optimization problem, which aims to minimize not only the chattering phenomenon but also other control performances including the rise time, the settling-time, the steady-state error and the overshoot. For that, a novel dynamically aggregated objective function is proposed. As a result, a set of nondominated optimal solutions are provided to the designer and then he selects the most preferable alternative. To demonstrate the efficacy and to show complete performance of the new controller, two nonlinear systems are treated in this paper: firstly, a selective compliance assembly robot arm robot is considered. The results show that the manipulator tracing performance is considerably improved with the proposed control scheme. Secondly, the proposed genetic algorithm-based linear quadratic regulator control strategy is applied for pitch and yaw axes control of two-degrees-of-freedom laboratory helicopter workstation, which is a highly nonlinear and unstable system. Experimental results substantiate that the weights optimized using genetic algorithm, result in not only reduced tracking error but also improved tracking response with reduced oscillations.

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Vagaš, Marek, and Jozef Putala. "Verification of Designed Assembly Process at Research Robotized Workplace." Applied Mechanics and Materials 844 (July 2016): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.844.38.

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The article deals with verification and testing of proposed technical solution for automated assembly of electrical sockets at research robotized workstation. Based on the 3D and 2D design documentation was realized this workplace at the Department of Robotics. Research robotized workplace is built from industrial robot SCARA, palletizer and de-palletizer, vibratory conveyor and vibratory trays, replacing device of effectors and universal gripper, and also from others components (control PC, Main PC, rotary and linear modules).

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Gross, Erwin, Thomas Bauernhansl, Jörg Siegert, and Borislav Miljanovic. "Kompetenzentwicklung in der hybriden Montage/Design of system interaction for competence development in hybrid assembly systems." wt Werkstattstechnik online 111, no. 03 (2021): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2021-03-15.

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Für eine Kompetenzentwicklung im Wertschöpfungsprozess müssen Schnittstellen für die Interaktion mit dem System lernförderlich gestaltet sein. In der Mensch-Roboter-Kollaboration, zum Beispiel in der Montage, kann eine lernförderliche Gestaltung der visuellen, auditiven und haptischen Systeminteraktion die Informationsakquisition unterstützen. Hierzu wurden Gestaltungskriterien für die Systeminteraktion erstellt und auf einen Mensch-Roboter-Arbeitsplatzes angewandt.   To develop competence in the value-adding process, interfaces for interaction with the system must be designed to promote learning. In human-robot collaboration, e.g. in assembly, a design for visual, auditory and haptic system interaction that is conducive to learning can support information acquisition. For this purpose, design criteria for system interaction were developed and applied to the design of a human-robot workstation.

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Carreras Guzman, Nelson H., and Adam Gergo Mezovari. "Design of IoT-based Cyber–Physical Systems: A Driverless Bulldozer Prototype." Information 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10110343.

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From autonomous vehicles to robotics and machinery, organizations are developing autonomous transportation systems in various domains. Strategic incentives point towards a fourth industrial revolution of cyber–physical systems with higher levels of automation and connectivity throughout the Internet of Things (IoT) that interact with the physical world. In the construction and mining sectors, these developments are still at their infancy, and practitioners are interested in autonomous solutions to enhance efficiency and reliability. This paper illustrates the enhanced design of a driverless bulldozer prototype using IoT-based solutions for the remote control and navigation tracking of the mobile machinery. We illustrate the integration of a cloud application, communication protocols and a wireless communication network to control a small-scale bulldozer from a remote workstation. Furthermore, we explain a new tracking functionality of work completion using maps and georeferenced indicators available via a user interface. Finally, we provide a preliminary safety and security risk assessment of the system prototype and propose guidance for application in real-scale machinery.

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Barosz, Piotr, Grzegorz Gołda, and Adrian Kampa. "Efficiency Analysis of Manufacturing Line with Industrial Robots and Human Operators." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 21, 2020): 2862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082862.

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The problem of production flow and evaluation of productivity in the manufacturing line is analysed. Machines can be operated by humans or by robots. Since breakdowns and human factors affect the destabilization of the production processes, robots are preferred. The main problem is a proper methodology—how can we determine the real difference in work efficiency between human and robot at the design stage? Therefore, an analysis of the productivity and reliability of the machining line operated by human operators or industrial robots is presented. Some design variants and simulation models in FlexSim have been developed, taking into consideration the availability and reliability of the machines, operators and robots. Traditional productivity metrics, such as the throughput and utilization rate, are not very helpful for identifying the underlying problems and opportunities for productivity improvement in a manufacturing system, therefore we apply the OEE (overall equipment effectiveness) metric to present how the availability and reliability parameters influence the performance of the workstation, in the short and long terms. The implementation results of a real robotic line from industry are presented with the use of the overall factory efficiency (OFE) metric. The analysis may help factories achieve the level of world class manufacturing.

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Clarke, Glenn A., Marc N. Feiglin, Greg W. King, Jamie Bishop, Stephen Skwish, and Gary S. Kath. "A Simple Automated Solution for Removing and Applying Sealing Microplate Lids." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 6, no. 5 (October 2001): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108705710100600507.

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With the improved reliability and efficiency of automation, there has been an increased desire to integrate automated sample management with automated screening systems. In order to store samples "on line" for an extended period of time, an automation-compatible means for sealing and unsealing microplates is necessary. Numerous commercial solutions are available for removing loose-fitting microplate lids; however, the task of removing a tight-fitting matted lid such as the RoboLid is more challenging. This paper discusses the design of an automated workstation for the application and removal of such tight-fitting microplate lids.

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de las Heras, Aitor, Weike Xiao, Vlastimil Sren, and Alistair Elfick. "Edwin." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 22, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2211068216655151.

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Characterization of gene expression is a central tenet of the synthetic biology design cycle. Sometimes it requires high-throughput approaches that allow quantification of the gene expression of different elements in diverse conditions. Recently, several large-scale studies have highlighted the importance of posttranscriptional regulation mechanisms and their impact on correlations between mRNA and protein abundance. Here, we introduce Edwin, a robotic workstation that enables the automated propagation of microbial cells and the dynamic characterization of gene expression. We developed an automated procedure that integrates customized RNA extraction and analysis into the typical high-throughput characterization of reporter gene expression. To test the system, we engineered Escherichia coli strains carrying different promoter/ gfp fusions. We validated Edwin’s abilities: (1) preparation of custom cultures of microbial cells and (2) dynamic quantification of fluorescence signal and bacterial growth and simultaneous RNA extraction and analysis at different time points. We confirmed that RNA obtained during this automated process was suitable for use in qPCR analysis. Our results established that Edwin is a powerful platform for the automated analysis of microbial gene expression at the protein and RNA level. This platform could be used in a high-throughput manner to characterize not only natural regulatory elements but also synthetic ones.

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Braga, Ion Cristian, Anisor Nedelcu, and Razvan Udroiu. "Studies on robotic testing equipment used in mechatronic devices manufacturing processes to improve the root cause analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817805010.

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In the newest technology of Industry 4.0 and more complex products manufactured, as the innovation requires new flexible manufacturing equipment using robots and complex designed workstations, and the robotic testing equipment as well, the engineers are faced with new challenges to the processing of the information, multiple parameters being collected. The paper aim is to present the studies performed on robotic testing equipment from a manufacturing line of an automotive mechatronic device by using the design of experiments to optimize the 3D movements of the arm, the speed and approach procedure of the testing device. The ANOVA will support the analysis of the repeatability of the movements and find the main factors which lead to variation in measurements, therefore could support the root cause analysis of issues occurred.

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Velíšek, Karol, Radovan Holubek, Daynier Rolando Delgado Sobrino, Roman Ružarovský, and Nina Vetríková. "Design of a robotized workstation making use of the integration of CAD models and Robotic Simulation software as way of pairing and comparing real and virtual environments." MATEC Web of Conferences 94 (2017): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20179405008.

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de Lotbiniere-Bassett, M., S. Choi, S. Lama, GR Sutherland, and H. Hoshyarman. "P.118 Excalibur, a novel haptic hand-controller for robot-assisted microsurgery." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 46, s1 (June 2019): S44—S45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2019.211.

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Background: For robot-assisted telesurgery, the workstation, in particular the haptic handcontroller itself a robot, is paramount to the performance of surgery. Based on the requirements for microsurgery, a novel haptic handcontroller Excalibur has been developed. Methods: Thirty-two surgeons performed a peg-in-hole task (simulating micromanipulation) with Excalibur and two commercially available handcontrollers (Sigma 7 and PHANToM Premium 3.0). A modified Kuka endeffector with bipolar forceps, and Leica microscope completed the remote robotic site. Comparisons were made based on training time, task completion time and number of errors. All participants completed a questionnaire. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated significance for task completion time (p=0.004), training time (p=0.021) and number of errors (p=0.004). Surgeons were faster with Excalibur (72s) than with Sigma (96s,p=0.005) and PHANToM (96s,p=0.036). Training time was shorter with Excalibur than with PHANToM (210s vs 310s,p=0.013), and users made fewer errors (0.7 vs 2.1,p=0.008). Training time required for Sigma (285s) and the number of errors (1.3) were not significant. The surgeons found Excalibur smoother, more comfortable, less tiring and easier to maneuver, with more realistic force feedback and superior movement fidelity. Conclusions: Surgical performance was superior with Excalibur compared to the other handcontrollers. This may reflect the microsurgical requirements and unique design architecture of Excalibur.

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Li, Zixiang, Mukund Nilakantan Janardhanan, Peter Nielsen, and Qiuhua Tang. "Mathematical models and simulated annealing algorithms for the robotic assembly line balancing problem." Assembly Automation 38, no. 4 (September 3, 2018): 420–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-09-2017-115.

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Purpose Robots are used in assembly lines because of their higher flexibility and lower costs. The purpose of this paper is to develop mathematical models and simulated annealing algorithms to solve the robotic assembly line balancing (RALB-II) to minimize the cycle time. Design/methodology/approach Four mixed-integer linear programming models are developed and encoded in CPLEX solver to find optimal solutions for small-sized problem instances. Two simulated annealing algorithms, original simulated annealing algorithm and restarted simulated annealing (RSA) algorithm, are proposed to tackle large-sized problems. The restart mechanism in the RSA methodology replaces the incumbent temperature with a new temperature. In addition, the proposed methods use iterative mechanisms for updating cycle time and a new objective to select the solution with fewer critical workstations. Findings The comparative study among the tested algorithms and other methods adapted verifies the effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results obtained by these algorithms on the benchmark instances show that 23 new upper bounds out of 32 tested cases are achieved. The RSA algorithm ranks first among the algorithms in the number of updated upper bounds. Originality/value Four models are developed for RALBP-II and their performance is evaluated for the first time. An RSA algorithm is developed to solve RALBP-II, where the restart mechanism is developed to replace the incumbent temperature with a new temperature. The proposed methods also use iterative mechanisms and a new objective to select the solution with fewer critical workstations.

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Singh, Satwinder, and Ekta Singla. "Service Arms with Unconventional Robotic Parameters for Intricate Workstations: Optimal Number and Dimensional Synthesis." Journal of Robotics 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3537068.

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A task-oriented design strategy is presented in this paper for service manipulators. The tasks are normally defined in the form of working locations where the end-effector can work while avoiding the obstacles. To acquire feasible solutions in cluttered environments, the robotic parameters (D-H parameters) are allowed to take unconventional values. This enhances the solution space and it is observed that, by inducing this flexibility, the required number of degrees of freedom for fulfilling a given task can be reduced. A bilevel optimization problem is formulated with the outer layer utilizing the binary search method for minimizing the number of degrees of freedom. To enlarge the applicability domain of the proposed strategy, the upper limit of the number of joints is kept more than six. These allowable redundant joints would help in providing solution for intricate workcells. For each iteration of the upper level, a constrained nonlinear problem is solved for dimensional synthesis of the manipulator. The methodology is demonstrated through a case study of a realistic environment of a cluttered server room. A7-link service arm, synthesized using the proposed method, is able to fulfill two different tasks effectively.

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Babiak, John, Brian Lucotch, Anthony Russo, Linda Heydt, Sharon Williams, and Ronald McCaully. "The trials and tribulations of a robotic screening core." Journal of Automatic Chemistry 17, no. 2 (1995): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1463924695000095.

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It is well recognized within the pharmaceutical industry that high throughput screening is a valuable and rapid tool to identify novel chemical compounds that may lead to tomorrow's drugs. High throughput screening involves testing as many chemical compounds as quickly as possible against a defined molecular or cellular ‘target’ (for example an enzyme) in the hope that interacting compounds may provide significant therapeutic benefits.At Wyeth-Ayerst Research, a Robotics and Automation Research Core Group has been established which serves as the in-house resource for high throughput screening. The robotics group has three missions: (1) develop and perform high throughput screens for customers in all therapeutic departments in the company; (2) educate customers in issues related to screen design; and (3) help customers to bring automated workstations into their laboratories. The mission, therefore, requires the effective use of automation, as well as building a strong collaboration with customers.The challenges that have been faced fall into two categories: technology limiting and customer relations. Technological challenges arise because it is necessary to develop and implement assays with very different formats and biochemical endpoints within extremely shortened time frames. The primary means to meet these challenges is with flexible robotics and flexible people. Challenges in the area of customer relations include setting realistic expectations, maintaining a sense of collaboration (and not merely service), educating investigators as to how to deal with the huge amount of data generated and seeking feedback. Effective and frequent communication, and an awareness of each individual's perspective, are essential to provide the most appropriate service.

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Koekemoer, Martin, and Igor Gorlach. "Development of a reconfigurable pallet system for a robotic cell." MATEC Web of Conferences 210 (2018): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821002003.

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Advanced manufacturing systems allow rapid changes of production processes by means of reconfigurability providing mass customisation of products with high productivity, quality and low costs. Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) employ conventional as well as special purpose CNC machines, robots and material handling systems. In customised automated assembly, a number of different workpieces need to be processed simultaneously at various workstations according to their process plans. Therefore, a material handling system is an important part of RMS, whose main task is to provide reliable, accurate and efficient transfer of materials according to the process scheduling, without bottlenecks and stoppages. In this research, a reconfigurable pallet system was developed to facilitate automated robotic assembly for a highly customised production environment. The aim is to design a material handling system for conveying, sorting and processing of parts, which are supplied by robots and part feeders in different configurations. The developed pallet system provides a low-cost solution and it includes four flexible conveyors and part handling devices. All the elements of the system were successfully integrated with an intelligent controller. A user-friendly human machine interface provides easy reconfigurability of the pallet system and interfacing with robots, processing stations and part feeding sub-systems. The main advantages of the developed material handling system are the ease of operation, its reconfigurability and low-cost. The system demonstrates the advantages of reconfigurable material handling systems and it can be employed for training purposes.

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Ho, Bruce K. T., Osman Ratib, and Steven C. Horii. "PACS workstation design." Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics 15, no. 3 (May 1991): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-6111(91)90003-e.

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Michal, Dávid, Peter Košťál, Šimon Lecký, and Štefan Václav. "Racionalization of Robotic Workstation in Welding Industry." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 26, no. 42 (June 1, 2018): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rput-2018-0019.

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Abstract The growing pressure to increase productivity and production quality is one of the reasons for the growing interest in using automated production facilities, such as robots. In many enterprises, automated lines are introduced that partially or completely replace the human factor. The automotive industry was one of the first to start using automated robots and still is the one of the largest users of these devices. Flexibility and affordability enabled robots to become part of the industry’s automation strategy. In order to achieve the desired goals, it is necessary to modernize and automate workplaces or to create completely new concepts of grouping of machines and industrial robots. An increasing trend in the use of robotic technology has caused several factors that have changed significantly in the recent years in favor of automated workplaces. The main changes made by industrial robots to the fore are improving their technical parameters, high reliability, affordability, reduced operating and maintenance costs.

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Kimmel, J. Roger, Patricia Ourand, and Carol J. Wheatley. "Consumer-Guided Workstation Design." Technology and Disability 1, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/tad-1992-1404.

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IKEDA, Masahiko. "Ergonomic design for workstation." Japanese journal of ergonomics 22, no. 2 (1986): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.22.69.

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Konz, Stephan. "Workstation organization and design." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 6, no. 2 (September 1990): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(90)90021-s.

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Gower, Jan. "Ergonomics of workstation design." Applied Ergonomics 17, no. 1 (March 1986): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(86)90195-x.

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Frost, Eléonor. "Microgravity surgical workstation design." Journal of Space Safety Engineering 8, no. 3 (September 2021): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2021.07.005.

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Eberhardt, Silvio P., Joseph Osborne, and Tariq Rahman. "Classroom Evaluation of the Arlyn Arm Robotic Workstation." Assistive Technology 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10400435.2000.10132019.

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Hillman, M., and J. Jepson. "Evaluation of a robotic workstation for the disabled." Journal of Biomedical Engineering 14, no. 3 (May 1992): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-5425(92)90050-u.

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Ondrej, Juruš, and Koukolová Lucia. "SMART CAMERA FOR SIMPLE SORTING TASKS." TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, no. 3(13) (2018): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2018-3(13)-180-186.

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Urgency of the research. Attendance time places great emphasis on the production cavity. No manufacturing enterprise can afford to neglect the automation and modernization of its processes. That's why a company focused on manufacturing automotive accessories has turned to us. Target setting. Output checkboxes prepared at the end of the production process were made by people. This control was unreliable and its reliability was diminishing with the increasing working time. An increasing number of claimed cases required the company to choose a new solution to the problem. We were asked to design a workplace using a camera to read the box descriptions so that it could be followed by palletizing. The second goal was to consider the possibility of subsequent ro-botization. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. We do not deal with the basic principles of image processing. Basic image processing performs camera software and uses the higher search features of objects. The research objective. In this article, we are working on implementing the visual system into real-life operation. Design a simple solution that meets customer requirements, whose economic return would be interesting. The statement of basic materials. We use a simple camera with area capture. It captures frames as an area map of pixels. Basic black and white transition detection is selected for basic object recognition. A description made on white paper that is used as a box description makes it easy to recognize objects in the background. Conclusions. The proposed test facility consists of a frame, a camera and a conveyor. The workplace produces only 25 cubes per minute under test conditions. To increase productivity, it is advisable to extend the number of posts. The camera was also selected for its ability to communicate with the robot interface. The program creates code that is compatible with the robot's control program and defines the position of the goods in the space. This makes it easy to connect and then robotize the workstation if the company decides for this solution.

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O'Neill, Michael J. "Job Type, Workstation Design and Effective Work." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 12 (October 1995): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901215.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between job type, workstation design features, and the self-reported individual performance, team participation and group effectiveness of office workers. A total of 62 workers in four job types located in four field sales offices of a US computer manufacturer provided data. Regression analyses tested three indexes of workstation design as independent variables, including: environmental control through adjustability of workstation features, layout of workstation interior to match job requirements, and quality of workstation storage. For professional sales staff, workstation layout predicted 22 percent of the variance in individual performance. Environmental control and quality of storage predicted 45 percent of the variance in group effectiveness. For computer technical professionals, the three dependent variables predicted 7 percent of the variance in individual performance and 9 percent for group effectiveness. Workstation layout predicted 18 percent of the variance in level of group participation. The findings suggest that it may be possible to develop workstation design criteria that leverage specific design features to enhance performance for particular job types.

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Golding, Anthony. "Workstation design and postural stress." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 46, no. 1 (February 28, 1990): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v46i1.797.

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The growing incidence of occupational musculoskeletal disorders gives cause for concern about the effectiveness of traditional awareness programmes in preventing such problems. Overseas there has been a move towards evaluating work-related factors in an attempt to deal with complaints at their source. This paper outlines the hypothesis that postural constraint, as a result of work design, contributes towards muscular fatigue which is accompanied by an increased likelihood of developing chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Methods of studying the problem and measures used to improve the situation are discussed.

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Benel, Russell A., and Louis M. Adams. "Workstation Design for ATC Systems." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 34, no. 16 (October 1990): 1108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129003401603.

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Dyer, Hilary. "Workstation design for library automation." Program 26, no. 2 (February 1992): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb047108.

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Wilkinson, Frances C., and Ruth Krug. "Computer Workstation Design and Assessment." Technical Services Quarterly 10, no. 4 (September 21, 1993): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j124v10n04_04.

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Hampton, Fergus. "Human factors in workstation design." Data Processing 27, no. 5 (June 1985): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0011-684x(85)90129-7.

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Grogono, Alan W. "A new anesthesia workstation design." Journal of Clinical Monitoring 10, no. 5 (September 1994): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01617765.

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BANKI, Z., M. BATHOR, L. MOLNAR, A. BIELIK, and G. KESERU. "Scheduling a Flexible, Open-Architecture Robotic Workstation Under LabWindows." Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 10, no. 3 (June 2005): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jala.2005.03.001.

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Workineh, Sisay Ayichew, and Hiroshi Yamaura. "Design of 3DOF Footrest to Increase Comfort of Computer Workstation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.113.

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In recent years computer has become a tool that cannot be separated from our life. As long as we are working on computers, the comfort of the workstation become important since improper position leads to repetitive strain injuries. In this research avoiding discomfort is approached by making a workstation capable of changing working positions. So, a new workstation concept was designed to create a comfortable computer work experience in which a user can work in different working position at a single workstation. In this paper the design of the footrest and its effect in comfort of workstation is discussed. The footrest had 3 degrees of freedom and its positions were controlled by three linear actuators. Evaluation results in four different working positions showed that flexible footrest has a great impact on the comfort of seated computer work. It increased comfort in thigh, leg and foot relative to a standard workstation without footrest.

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Cusack, B., and E. Richelson. "A Method for Radioligand Binding Assays Using a Robotic Workstation." Journal of Receptor Research 13, no. 1-4 (January 1993): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10799899309073650.

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Unger, Elizabeth R., David J. Brigati, Margie L. Chenggis, Lynn Rae Budgeon, Douglas Koebler, Carlo Cuomo, and Tom Kennedy. "Automation ofIn situHybridization: Application of the Capillary Action Robotic Workstation." Journal of Histotechnology 11, no. 4 (December 1988): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/his.1988.11.4.253.

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DePalma, R. A. "Robotic Workstation for the Preparation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters." Journal of Chromatographic Science 25, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/25.5.219.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Design of robotic Workstation'

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