Relevant bibliographies by topics / Design of observational studies

Academic literature on the topic 'Design of observational studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Design of observational studies"

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Ramji, Siddarth. "Study Design: Observational Studies." Indian Pediatrics 59, no. 6 (April 26, 2022): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13312-022-2541-2.

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Bedogni, Giorgio. "Design of Observational Studies." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society) 174, no. 1 (January 2011): 244–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-985x.2010.00676_8.x.

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Rosenbaum, P. R. "Design sensitivity in observational studies." Biometrika 91, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/91.1.153.

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Suresh, KP, MR Gajendragad, and H. Rahman. "Design and Analysis of Observational Studies." International Journal of Infertility & Fetal Medicine 5, no. 2 (2014): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10016-1079.

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ABSTRACT Appropriate study design forms the basis of any successful organized research. Irrespective of the underlying rationale of the research question, inappropriate design of an experiment or execution of a study may not give a valid result. As defined, the research should have the following characteristics: it should be undertaken within the framework of a set of philosophies, should have an unbiased objective and a design comprising of methods and techniques that have been tested for their validity and reliability. These principles of research clearly emphasize the need for an appropriate study design. The current review focuses on the planning and analysis of an observational study to obtain significant and accurate findings. How to cite this article Suresh KP, Gajendragad MR, Rahman H. Design and Analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2014;5(2):33-39.
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Zhang, J., M. Zhang, D. Zhang, and F. Yang. "Observational studies also need rigorous design." Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 21, no. 3-4 (December 2016): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fct.12276.

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Rosenbaum, Paul R. "Design Sensitivity and Efficiency in Observational Studies." Journal of the American Statistical Association 105, no. 490 (June 2010): 692–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1198/jasa.2010.tm09570.

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Prashanth, GP. "Design and statistical analysis of observational studies." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 120, no. 7 (May 10, 2013): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12143.

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Usta, IM, J. Awwad, and AH Nassar. "Design and statistical analysis of observational studies." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 120, no. 7 (May 10, 2013): 901–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12144.

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Stuart, Elizabeth A. "A Review of Design of Observational Studies." Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics 35, no. 6 (December 2010): 774–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1076998610385399.

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Miratrix, Luke W. "ROSENBAUM, P.R. (2010). Design of Observational Studies." Psychometrika 79, no. 3 (November 28, 2013): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11336-013-9389-2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Design of observational studies"

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Grünewald, Maria. "Design and analysis of response selective samples in observational studies." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-49328.

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Outcome dependent sampling may increase efficiency in observational studies. It is however not always obvious how to sample efficiently, and how to analyze the resulting data without introducing bias. This thesis describes a general framework for efficiency calculations in multistage sampling, with focus on what is sometimes referred to as ascertainment sampling. A method for correcting for the sampling scheme in analysis of ascertainment samples is also presented. Simulation based methods are used to overcome computational issues in both efficiency calculations and analysis of data.
At the time of doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted.
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Nattino, Giovanni. "Causal Inference in Observational Studies with Complex Design: Multiple Arms, Complex Sampling and Intervention Effects." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1562582646286934.

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Baker, Jeremy Charles. "Observational Animation: An Exploration of Improvisation, Interactivity and Spontaneity in Animated Filmmaking." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357315576.

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Cash, Philip. "Characterising the relationship between practice and laboratory-based studies of designers for critical design situations." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557814.

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Experimental study of the designer plays a critical role in design research. However laboratory based study is often poorly compared and contrasted to practice, leading to a lack of uptake and subsequent research impact. The importance of addressing this issue is highlighted by its significant influence on design research and many related fields. As such the main aim of this work is to improve empirical design research by characterising the relationship between practice and laboratory-based studies for critical design situations. A review of the state of the art methods in design research and key related fields is reported. This highlights the importance and commonality of a set or core issues connected to the failure to effectively link study of practice and study in the laboratory. Further to this a technical review and scoping was carried out to establish the most efective capture strategy to be used when studying the designer empirically. Subsequently three studies are reported, forming a three point comparison between practice the laboratory (with student practitioners) and an intermediary case (a laboratory with practitioners) . Results from these studies contextualise the critical situations in practice and develop a detailed multi-level comparison between practice and the laboratory which was then validated with respect to a number of existing studies. The primary contribution of this thesis is the development of a detailed multi-level relationship between practice and the laboratory for critical design situations: information seeking, ideation and design review. The second key contribution is the development of a generic method for the empirical study of designers in varying contexts - allowing researchers to build on this work and more effectively link diverse studies together. The final key contribution of this work is the identification of a number of core methodological issues and mitigating techniques affecting both design research and its related fields.
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Bornsäter, Jonas, and Sara Hoffsten. "Att synliggöra det omedvetna : En komparativ studie mellan marknadsförares och industridesigners arbetsmetodik vid produktutveckling." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3714.

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När företag ska utveckla produkter och tjänster behöver de informationsunderlag om kunder och användare. Traditionella marknadsundersökningar kräver ett rationellt förhållningssätt och avslöjar åsikter och attityder, men uppvisar brister när det kommer till att upptäcka omedvetna behov hos användare. Lösningen på denna problematik är att observera användare i deras egen kontext, ett tillvägagångssätt som är vanligt bland industridesigners.

Syftet med studien var att jämföra hur industridesigners och marknadsförare arbetar för att samla in information om användare i samband med produkt- och tjänsteutveckling. Därefter syftade studien till att ställa dessa likheter och skillnader i kontrast till tre teorier: Marketing Research Process, Design Thinking samt Empathic Design. Tre intervjuer genomfördes med tre olika företag: ett industridesignföretag, ett marknadsundersökningsföretag samt ett tjänstedesignföretag.

Studien resulterade i ett antal slutsatser. Den första är att ett rationellt förhållningssätt inte nödvändigtvis är någonting negativt utan snarare något positivt och elementärt. Tillämpningen måste dock ske på rätt sätt parallellt under produktutvecklingsprocessen, för att verifiera att den framtagna produkten eller tjänsten faktiskt fyller ett konsumentbehov på marknaden. Ytterligare en slutsats är att metoder och tekniker som ses som typiska för designers även tillämpas och nyttjas av ett traditionellt marknadsundersökningsföretag. Saknas dessa typer av kompetenser inom företaget hyrs designers in som experter.

Alla de undersökta företagen, inklusive det renodlade marknadsundersökningsföretaget, använde sig av observationsmetoder där de observerade användare i deras egen kontext, samtidigt som de interagerade med produkten eller tjänsten. De hade således lyckats ta sig runt problematiken med att upptäcka de dolda omedvetna behoven. 

Likheterna mellan de två olika professionerna har varit mer utmärkande än skillnaderna, och den övergripande slutsatsen blir således att verkligheten har kommit ifatt den teoretiska diskussionen. Marknadsförare och industridesigners arbetar mer lika än olika.

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Lam, Tsz-yan, and 林梓仁. "Observational studies of supernova 1998S." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30244900.

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Xie, Siqi, and 谢思琪. "Observational studies of pedestrian flows." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49617990.

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Walking is an environmentally friendly mode of transportation. A better understanding of pedestrian activities and effective planning of walking facilities are particularly important for densely populated Asian cities like Hong Kong. Empirical studies on pedestrian flows can be classified as controlled experiments and observational surveys. Controlled experiments are flexible and can be designed to fulfill the requirements of specific studies and eliminate influence from unrelated factors. Observational surveys provide data for pedestrian movements in different types of walking facilities. This thesis aims to develop a mathematical model for multidirectional pedestrian flows based on knowledge obtained from both a controlled experiment and observational surveys on three different walking facilities. Bayesian inference is adopted for model calibration, as it can combine the prior information from the controlled experiment and the observed data from the observational surveys. The proposed model is based on Drake’s (1967) model of traffic flow. However, multidirectional pedestrian flows are much more complicated than the unidirectional and bidirectional flows. Therefore, instead of relating the speed of a pedestrian stream solely to pedestrian density, the flow ratio and intersecting angles between streams are introduced as factors that may influence stream speed. The proposed model takes the form of a set of structural equations rather than a single deterministic function. By applying Bayesian inference, the proposed model is calibrated with the three sets of observed data respectively, based on the prior distribution specified by the controlled experiment results. Finally, pedestrian movements in three different walking facilities are analyzed based on the properties of the calibrated model.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Deuss, A. F. "Theoretical and observational studies in global seismology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270362.

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Nose, Masahito. "Observational studies on long-period geomagnetic pulsations." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/86495.

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Uthas, Helena. "Observational studies of highly evolved cataclysmic variables." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/202889/.

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Cataclysmic Variables (CV) are binary systems where a main-sequence star transfers mass onto a white dwarf (WD). According to standard evolutionary theory, angular momentum loss drives CVs to initially evolve from longer to shorter orbital periods until a minimum period is reached (≈ 80 minutes). At roughly this stage, the donors becomes degenerate, expand in size, and the systems move towards longer orbital periods. Theory predicts that 70% of all CVs should have passed their minimum period and have sub-stellar donors, but until recently, no such systems were known. I present one CV showing evidence of harbouring a sub-dwarf donor, SDSS J1507+52. Due to the system’s unusually short orbital period of ≈ 65 minutes, and very high space velocity, two origins for SDSS J1507+52 have been proposed; either the system was formed from a young WD/brown-dwarf binary, or the system is a halo CV. In order to distinguish between these two theories, I present UV spectroscopy and find a metallicity consistent with halo origin. Systems close to the minimum period are expected to be faint and have low accretion rates. Some of these CVs show absorption in their spectra, implying that the underlying WD is exposed. This yields a rare opportunity to study the WD in a CV. I introduce two new systems showing WD signatures in their light curves and spectra, SDSS J1457+51 and BW Sculptoris. Despite the fact that CVs close to the minimum period should be faint, we find systems that aremuch too bright for their orbital periods. Such a system is T Pyxidis – a recurrent nova with an unusually high accretion rate and a photometrically determined period < 2 hours. The systemis ∼ 2 times brighter than any other CV at its period. However, to confirm the status of this unusual star, a more reliable period determination is needed. Here, I present a spectroscopic study of T Pyxidis confirming its evolutionary status as a short-period CV. In this thesis, I discuss what implications these systems may have on the current understanding of CV evolution, and the importance of studying individual systems in general
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Books on the topic "Design of observational studies"

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Rosenbaum, Paul R. Design of Observational Studies. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1213-8.

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Rosenbaum, Paul R. Design of Observational Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46405-9.

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Rosenbaum, Paul R. Observational studies. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

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Observational studies. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 2002.

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Rosenbaum, Paul R. Observational Studies. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2443-1.

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Rosenbaum, Paul R. Observational Studies. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3692-2.

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J, Bodilly Susan, Rand Institute on Education & Training., and New American Schools Development Corporation., eds. Designing new American schools: Baseline observations on nine design teams. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1995.

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Thrusfield, Michael. Introduction to veterinary observational studies. Roslin: Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 1985.

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Thrusfield, M. V. An introduction to veterinary observational studies. [Edinburgh]: Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, 1985.

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Nauta, Jozef. Statistics in Clinical and Observational Vaccine Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37693-2.

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Book chapters on the topic "Design of observational studies"

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Wieringa, Roel J. "Observational Case Studies." In Design Science Methodology for Information Systems and Software Engineering, 225–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43839-8_17.

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Marcus, Pamela M. "Observational Research Designs." In Assessment of Cancer Screening, 79–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94577-0_7.

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AbstractObservational studies do not dictate the cancer screening regimens that their study subjects utilize. Instead, these studies collect data on individuals’ cancer screening practices, cancer outcomes, and other factors if needed. Because no regimens are dictated, an observational study can capture information about and evaluate a variety of cancer screening practices, including use of different tests or cancer screening regimens. Observational studies can be retrospective or prospective in nature, with the distinction dependent on how and when individuals are chosen for study inclusion. Observational studies provide weaker evidence than experimental studies because observational studies are subject to confounding. Confounding occurs when a third factor is associated with both the cancer screening practice and cause-specific mortality, meaning that the third factor is not equally present among groups of individuals with different cancer screening practices and is not equally present among groups of individuals with different cancer outcomes.
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McPherson, Glen. "Observational Studies, Surveys and Designed Experiments." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 297–331. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4290-9_13.

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Lesser, Martin L. "Design and Interpretation of Observational Studies: Cohort, Case–Control, and Cross-Sectional Designs." In Principles of Research Methodology, 55–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3360-6_4.

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Taback, Nathan. "Factorial Designs at Two Levels—2k Designs." In Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational and Studies using R, 167–218. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033691-6.

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Taback, Nathan. "Mathematical Statistics: Simulation and Computation." In Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational and Studies using R, 7–56. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033691-2.

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Taback, Nathan. "Causal Inference." In Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational and Studies using R, 219–60. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033691-7.

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Taback, Nathan. "Comparing Two Treatments." In Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational and Studies using R, 57–88. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033691-3.

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Taback, Nathan. "Power and Sample Size." In Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational and Studies using R, 89–114. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033691-4.

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Taback, Nathan. "Comparing More Than Two Treatments." In Design and Analysis of Experiments and Observational and Studies using R, 115–66. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003033691-5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Design of observational studies"

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Marques, Daniela F., and Constança Netto-Rocha. "The Role of Design in Health Observational Studies." In – The European Conference on Arts, Design and Education 2022. The International Academic Forum(IAFOR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/issn.2758-0989.2022.32.

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Schmidt, CO, M. Junge, J. Schössow, and A. Richter. "Improving the design of clinical and observational studies to optimize data quality assessments." In Gemeinsam forschen – gemeinsam handeln. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1605701.

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Ahmed-Kristensen, Saeema, and Muhammad Ali Babar. "Comparison of Problem Solving From Engineering Design to Software Design." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70919.

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Observational studies of engineering design activities can inform the research community on the problem solving models that are employed by professional engineers. Design is defined as an ill-defined problem which includes both engineering design and software design, hence understanding problem solving models from other design domains is of interest to the engineering design community. For this paper an observational study of two software design sessions performed for the workshop on “Studying professional Software Design” is compared to analysis from engineering design. These findings provide useful insights of how software designers move from a problem domain to a solution domain and the commonalities between software designers’ and engineering designers’ design activities. The software designers were found to move quickly to a detailed design phase, employ co-evolution and adopt a predominantly depth-first approach to developing their solutions. A mapping between the activities of engineering design onto the activities of a general model of software design is also presented. A discussion about the potential consequences of the key findings across the design domains is described.
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Srinivasan, V., and Amaresh Chakrabarti. "An Empirical Evaluation of Novelty-SAPPhIRE Relationship." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86668.

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The research shown in this paper is to check whether a framework for designing: GEMS of SAPPhIRE as req-sol, developed earlier, can support in the designing of novel concepts. This is done by asking the questions: (a) Is there a relationship between the constructs of the framework and novelty? (b) If there is a relationship, what is the degree of this relationship? A hypothesis — an increase in the size and variety of ideas used while designing should enhance the variety of concepts produced, leading to an increase in the novelty of the concept space — is developed to explain the relationship between novelty and the constructs. Eight existing observational studies of designing sessions, each involving an individual designer solving a conceptual design problem by following a think aloud protocol are used for the analysis. The hypothesis is verified empirically using the observational studies. Results also show a strong correlation between novelty and the constructs of the framework; correlation value decreases as the abstraction level of the constructs reduces, signifying the importance of using constructs at higher abstraction levels especially for novelty.
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Beard, David V., Richard E. Johnston, Etta D. Pisano, Bradley M. Hemminger, and Stephen M. Pizer. "Radiology workstation for mammography: preliminary observations, eyetracker studies, and design." In Medical Imaging '91, San Jose, CA, edited by R. Gilbert Jost. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.45284.

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Amarnath, C., and K. N. Umesh. "Studies on Isotropy of Planar 5-Bar Linkages." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57103.

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The ability to move at reasonable ease in all directions is an important requirement in the design of manipulators. The degree of ease of mobility varies from point to point in the workspace of the manipulator’s end effector. Maximum ease of mobility is obtained at an isotropic point, and the minimum occurs at singularities. An attempt has been made here to use a geometric approach for determining the isotropic points in the workspace of planar 5-bar linkages. The geometrical approach leads to interesting observations on the location of isotropic points in the workspace. The procedure also yields a technique for the synthesis of 5-bar linkages and associated coupler points exhibiting isotropic behaviour. Additionally it has been shown that coupler points exhibiting isotropic mobility occur in pairs.
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Tworzydlo, W. W., O. N. Hamzeh, W. Zaton, T. Judek, and H. Loftus. "Experimental and Numerical Studies of Friction-Induced Oscillations of a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-3903.

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Abstract The paper presents coordinated experimental and numerical studies of friction-induced vibrations of a pin-on-disk apparatus. The primary objective is to verify and expand the understanding of friction-induced vibrations, and to confirm validity of the analytical predictive technology. A special experimental apparatus was built, which possesses desirable qualities of mechanical simplicity and controllable dynamic characteristics. For this apparatus, an analytical model was devised, taking into consideration both the dynamics of the mechanical system and strongly nonlinear constitutive properties of the contact interface. These properties were determined through asperity-based homogenization approach. By variation of selected details of the apparatus, both stable and unstable configurations of the system were devised and tested. The experimental observations correlate very well with analytical predictions of dynamic instability and of limit cycle oscillations.
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Poigai Arunachalam, Shivaram, Sabrina M. Albertson, Mustafa Y. Sir, David M. Nestler, Heather A. Heaton, Gomathi Marisamy, and Kalyan S. Pasupathy. "Patient Satisfaction in the Emergency Department Is Influenced by Total Length of Stay: An RFID Based Feasibility Study." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9078.

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Abstract Real-time location systems (RTLS) such as radio frequency identification (RFID) have been shown to improve safety, save cost, and increase patient satisfaction in a healthcare setting especially in the emergency department (ED). Hospital administrators have realized the potential of these applications for improved workflow and operations and are positively adopting it despite the substantial implementation costs of such technologies. Our group has reported several studies with RFID data in the ED showing the relationship between RFID determined patient contact times and length of stay (LOS). In this study, we use ED RFID data to determine the relationship between the total LOS in ED to the overall patient satisfaction obtained from a survey report. ED survey results from 35 questions were obtained from patients after discharge. An observational cohort study was performed in the ED using RFID data from Jan 1 – Dec 31, 2017 matched with the ED survey participants. A total of 2595 survey data was used for logistic regression analysis with the RFID data. Results show that higher treatment LOS influenced overall patient satisfaction negatively. The results provide new insights into designing ideal patient-care team interactions to reduce overall LOS while providing optimal ED care, thereby improving patient satisfaction.
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Dols Ruiz, Juan Fco. "Design and development of driving simulator scenarios for road validation studies." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4088.

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In recent years, the number of road-based studies using driving simulators is growing significantly. This allows evaluating controlled situations that otherwise would require disproportionate observations in time and/or cost. The Institute of Design and Manufacturing (IDF) of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV) has developed, in collaboration with the Engineering Research Group Highway (GIIC) of the UPV, a low cost simulator that allows rapid implementation and effectively a new methodology for validation studies of different roads through the implementation in the simulator scenarios of existing roads. This methodology allows the development of new scenarios based on the analysis of a layers-file system. Each layer includes different information from the road, such as mapping, geometry, signaling, aerial photos, etc. The creation of the simulated scenario is very fast based on the geometric design software, making it easier to consulting firms using the system that can evaluate and audit a particular route, obtaining reliable conclusions at minimal cost, even if the road is not actually built. This paper describes the basic structure of the layers generated for developing scenarios and guidelines for the implementation thereof. Finally the application of this methodology to a case of success will be described.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4088
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Thekinen, Joseph, and Paul T. Grogan. "Effects of Augmented Information System on Design Communication: A Human-Subject Study Using Aircraft Design Studio." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-91086.

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Abstract This paper performs a human subject study to investigate the effect of an augmented design interface on the communication behavior and performance of multidisciplinary design teams. We frame an aircraft design task as an iterative multidisciplinary design process with 12 design parameters shared across four design actors, each in charge of one discipline, implemented in a browser-based virtual design studio. We conduct a baseline experiment to collect observational data on design communication and performance and recommend two augmentations to improve team performance: a flexible design timer to control design iterations and a history catalog that quantifies the quality of previous design states. Results of an augmented experiment show the new features increase design iteration rate and decrease chat message rate, enabling the most successful teams to complete the task faster. We discuss the implications of our results in the broader context of digitalization and transformations due to information systems.
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Reports on the topic "Design of observational studies"

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Carvalho, Rita, João Tavares, and Liliana Sousa. Instruments for assessing loneliness in older people in Portugal: a Scoping Review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0002.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to map the instruments validate for the Portuguese older population (65+ years old) that assess loneliness; and to identify their psychometric properties and contexts where they have been in use. The questions for this scoping review are: What are the validated instruments for Portugal that assess loneliness in the older individuals? What are the psychometric properties of those instruments? In which contexts were the loneliness assessment instruments used? Eligibility criteria: Participants – This scoping review will consider all studies that included older adults with 65 years and over. Concept – This review will be included studies that assess loneliness or cover loneliness by validated instruments that address different dimensions, including, but not limited to, emotional or social. Context – This scoping review will consider studies that used validated instruments the loneliness in Portuguese older adults including, but not limited to the context of community, intermediate care, long-term care or acute care. Types of sources - This scoping review will consider quantitative and mixed-method studies. In the quantitative designs include experimental, quasi-experimental, observational and analytical observational studies including prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, and analytical cross-sectional studies will be considered for inclusion. This review will also consider descriptive observational study designs including case series, individual case reports, and descriptive cross-sectional studies for inclusion.
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Tumbula, Samuel. Systematic review on the determining factors of school failure in the 1st year of engineering degree courses in Angola. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0111.

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Review question / Objective: What are the determining factors of school failure in the 1st year of engineering courses according to the perception of teachers and students of higher education institutions in Angola? Condition being studied: Our systematic review aims to analyze the determining factors of school failure in the 1st year of engineering courses (factors related to the teacher, student, higher education institution and educational policies). Study designs to be included: Questionnaires/Scale, interviews, focus group, case and multi-case studies, observational studies, document analysis.
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Kumban, Wannisa, Anoma Santiworakul, and Salila Cetthakrikul. The effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0049.

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Review question / Objective: What are the effect of Animal Assisted Therapy on physical activity in elderly. PICOs P: Elderly; I: Animal Assisted Therapy; C: Compare; O: Physical activity, physical fitness, health-related fitness; S: experimental study/ compare between group/ pre-post test. Eligibility criteria: Inclusion criteria comprised any studies that provided experimental study design or observational data on cross-sectional comparisons between groups. The outcome analyzed in this review was the effect of animal assisted or pet or human-animal interaction on physical activity that was studied in all elderly populations (age > 60 years), in any setting e.g., home, community-based, or hospital. The articles were published in English full-text articles only between 2012 and 2022.
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Tang, Yaxing, Lele Tang, Yuting Yao, He Huang, and Bing Chen. Effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia versus inhalation anesthesia on long-term survival in patients undergoing cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0025.

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Review question / Objective: To compare the effects of propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia with inhalation anesthesia on long-term survival of cancer surgery. (1) Patients: all patients undergoing cancer surgery with intravenous or inhalation anesthesia. (2) Intervention: propofol-based total intravenous anesthesia. (3) Comparator: inhalation anesthesia. (4) Outcomes: overall survival, recurrence- free or disease-free survival. (5) Study design: randomized-controlled trials and observational studies (prospective or retrospective). Information sources: We will systematically search the following electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from inception to July 2022 for eligible studies. Any potentially relevant studies will be manually searched based on the references of the identified studies.
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Kodjebacheva, Gergana, Taylor Culinski, Bushra Kawser, and Katelynn Coffer. Satisfaction with telehealth among children, adolescents, caregivers, and medical providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0067.

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Review question / Objective: What is the satisfaction regarding the use of telehealth among pediatric patients, their caregivers, and their medical providers, during the COVID-19 pandemic? PI(E)COS structure: Outcome: Satisfaction (i.e. experiences, perceptions, attitudes); Participants: pediatric patients, their caregivers, and their medical providers; Intervention: Telehealth; Comparison group: A group not receiving telehealth or no comparison group. Study designs to be includedd: Inclusion: All designs are included specifically RCTs, quasi-experimental studies with control group or with no control group, and qualitative studies. Not only interventions are included. Observational studies involving surveys and interviews discussing experiences with telehealth are included. Exclusion: Review protocols, studies that present no qualitative or quantitative data on experiences with telehealth.
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Hollingsworth, Hilary, and Debbie Wong. Teacher development multi-year studies. Using classroom observations to investigate and understand teaching quality: Initial lessons learned. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-676-5.

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This paper presents some initial lessons learned about the use of classroom observation data as a key form of evidence regarding improved teaching quality in a multi-year teacher development study series. This study series, commissioned by the Australian Government’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), involves the investigation of teacher development initiatives that are primarily designed to support the implementation of new primary curriculum in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos), Timor-Leste and Vanuatu. The overall aim of the study series is to understand the extent to which the Australian investment has improved teaching quality and student learning. This paper discusses the processes used to design, implement, analyse and report classroom observation data in the Laos study, and key lessons learned about these that could be applied to other contexts and programs.
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Kang, Jing, Jun Zhang, Zongsheng Tian, Ye Xu, Jiangbi Li, and Mingxina Li. The efficacy and safety of immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0156.

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Review question / Objective: Population: histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC patients; Intervention: received immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy; Comparison:received chemotherapy; Outcome: reported OS, PFS, ORR and TRAEs; Study design: RCT. Condition being studied: Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, with an estimated 2.20 million new cases and 1.79 million deaths every year, and 85% of all primary lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer. Eligibility criteria: Studies were considered eligible if they met the following criteria: (1) being an randomized controlled trial published in English, (2) histologically confirmed advanced NSCLC patients, (3) reported OS, PFS, ORR and TRAEs, (4) the intervention group received immune-checkpoint inhibitor plus chemotherapy, while the control group received chemotherapy, (5) When numerous papers reporting the same trial were found, the most current or most complete publications were chosen. The following were the exclusion criteria: (1) duplicate articles, (2) reviews, meta-analyses, case reports, editorials and letters, (3) molecular biology or animal research, (4) retrospective or prospective observational cohort studies.
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Yang, Hui, Xi-Xi Wan, Hui Ma, Zhen LI, Li Weng, Ying Xia, and Xiao-Ming Zhang. Prevalence and mortality risk of low skeletal muscle mass in critically ill patients: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0132.

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Review question / Objective: The PICOS principle was adopted when we confirmed the study eligibility. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) patients were critically ill, which was defined as adult patients who were from the ICU department; (2) exposure: patients had a clear definition of LSMM based on CT scans, anthropometric methods and ultrasound; (3) presented the prevalence of LSMM or could be calculated by the available data from the article; and (4) study design: observational study (cohort study or cross-sectional study). Articles that were reviews, case reports, comments, correspondences, letters or only abstracts were excluded. Condition being studied: Critical illness often results in low skeletal muscle mass for multiple reasons. Multiple studies have explored the association between low skeletal muscle mass and mortality. The prevalence of low skeletal muscle mass and its association with mortality are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to identify the prevalence and mortality risk of low skeletal muscle mass among critically ill patients.
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Cox, Stephen K., Wayne H. Schubert, and Graeme L. Stephens. Theoretical & Observational Marine Boundary Layer Studies. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada238934.

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Starrfield, S., K. Vanlandingham, and G. Schwarz. Observational and theoretical studies of the nova outburst. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/588554.

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