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1
Office, General Accounting. Space Station: Inadequate planning and design led to propulsion module project failure : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050 Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.
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Designs and methods for youth-led research. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications, 2006.
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Günther, Hans-Peter, ed. Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.
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<p>New steel production processes have led to a remarkable improvement in steel products within the last few years, and now allows steels to be produced according to the desired mechanical and chemical properties. High-Performance Steel (HPS) is the designation given to this new generation of steels that offer higher performance not only in terms of strength but also toughness, weldability, cold formability and corrosion resistance, compared to the traditionally used mild steel grades.</p> <p>The development of HPS goes with today's increased demand for slender lightweight structures, as for example in bridge design and the design of high-rise buildings, where there is a strong requirement to use high-strength materials in combination with good execution and fabrication properties. However, on the structural engineering side there is a need for knowledge on these new steel grades, and quite often design codes do not provide sufficient information to fully exploit the advantageous properties of HPS.</p> <p>The present volume provides an overview of the development and application of HPS on an international level. This is done by giving information on, for example, the production process, the chemical and mechanical properties, the relevant design and fabrication standards and on recent research results. Approximately fifteen included examples of realised applications aim to provide detailed information based on existing technical solutions, and to point out the major benefits when using HPS in comparison to mild steels.</p> <p>The document is thus not a monograph but an assembly of contributions from different countries. lt is separated into chapters related to different countries, namely the USA, Canada, Japan and Europe, all of them providing a state-of-the-art report on HPS.</p>
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Keisuke, Arai, ed. Design team revolution: How to cut lead times in half and double your productivity. Portland, Or: Productivity Press, 1994.
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Anderson, John E., Christian Bucher, Bruno Briseghella, Xin Ruan, and Tobia Zordan, eds. Sustainable Structural Engineering. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.
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<p>Sustainability is the defining challenge for engineers in the twenty-first century. In addition to safe, economic, and effi-cient structures, a new criterion, sustainable, must be met. Furthermore, this new design paradigm–addressing social, economic, and environmental aspects–requires prompt action. In particular, mitigation of climate change requires sustainable solutions for new as well as existing structures. Taking from both practice and research, this book provides engineers with applicable, timely, and innovative information on the state-of-the-art in sustainable structural design. <p>This Structural Engineering Document addresses safety and regulations, integration concepts, and a sustainable approach to structural design. Life-cycle assessment is presented as a critical tool to quantify design options, and the importance of existing structures–in particular cultural heritage structures–is critically reviewed. Consideration is also given to bridge design and maintenance, structural reassessment, and disaster risk reduction. Finally, the importance of environmentally friendly concrete is examined. Consequently, structural engineers are shown to have the technical proficiency, as well as ethical imperative, to lead in designing a sustainable future.
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Office, General Accounting. Best practices: Better matching of needs and resources will lead to better weapon system outcomes. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.
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Office, General Accounting. Best practices: Better matching of needs and resources will lead to better weapon system outcomes. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.
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Bartoli, Gianni, Francesco Ricciardelli, Anna Saetta, and Vincenzo Sepe, eds. Performance of Wind Exposed Structures. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-156-4.
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PERBACCO (a free Italian acronym for Life-cycle Performance, Innovation and Design Criteria for Structures and Infrastructures Facing Æolian and Other Natural Hazards) is a research project partly funded by the Italian Ministry for University (MIUR) in the PRIN (Progetti di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale) framework, for the years 2004-05.Within the project, a first attempt has been made to integrate different disciplines aiming at an overall optimization of the performance of a wide range of wind exposed structures and infrastructures, with consequent benefi cial impact on the society.The overall objectives were (a) to provide unifi ed concepts for "expected performance" and "risks induced by æolian and other natural hazards", to be applied to structures and infrastructures over their whole life-cycle, such to be acceptable to stakeholders in the construction process (i.e. from the owner to the end-user), (b) to provide models and methodologies for dynamic monitoring of the performance of structures and infrastructures, to be integrated in appropriately designed procedures, and (c) to collect, refi ne, fi le and disseminate the knowledge available on a European basis, concerning the performance of wind-exposed structures and facilities, in a way such to be of use to Construction Industry. This volume summarises the main results obtained during the Project, with each Section addressing a different class of problems, to which many research Units have contributed. A list of papers containing the main results of the research activities carried out within the Project is also provided in each Section.
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Mitchell, Richard G. Secrecy and fieldwork. Newbury Park: Sage, 1993.
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Office, General Accounting. Best practices: Better matching of needs and resources will lead to better weapon system outcomes : report to the Chairman and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support, Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.
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Cantoni, Virginio, Gabriele Falciasecca, and Giuseppe Pelosi, eds. Storia delle telecomunicazioni. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-245-5.
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Focusing on the history of scientific and technological development over recent centuries, the book is dedicated to the history of telecommunications, where Italy has always been in the vanguard, and is presented by many of the protagonists of the last half century. The book is divided into five sections. The first, dealing with the origins, starts from the scientific bases of the evolution of telecommunications in the nineteenth century (Bucci), addressing the developments of scientific thought that led to the revolution of the theory of fields (Morando), analysing the birth of the three fundamental forms of communication – telegraph (Maggi), telephone (Del Re) and radio (Falciasecca) – and ending with the contribution made by the Italian Navy to the development of telecommunications (Carulli, Pelosi, Selleri, Tiberio). The second section, on technical and scientific developments, presents the numerical processing of signals (Rocca), illustrating the genesis and metamorphosis of transmission (Pupolin, Benedetto, Mengali, Someda, Vannucchi), network packets (Marsan, Guadagni, Lenzini), photonics in telecommunications (Prati) and addresses the issue of research within the institutions (Fedi-Morello), dwelling in particular on the CSELT (Mossotto). The next section deals with the sectors of application, offering an overview of radio, television and the birth of digital cinema (Vannucchi, Visintin), military communications (Maestrini, Costamagna), the development of radar (Galati) and spatial telecommunications (Tartara, Marconicchio). Section four, on the organisation of the services and the role of industry, outlines the rise and fall of the telecommunications industries in Italy (Randi), dealing with the telecommunications infrastructures (Caroppo, Gamerro), the role of the providers in national communications (Gerarduzzi), the networks and the mobile and wireless services (Falciasecca, Ongaro) and finally taking a look towards the future from the perspective of the last fifty years (Vannucchi). The last section, dealing with training and dissemination, offers an array of food for thought: university training in telecommunications, with focus on the evolution of legislation and on the professional profiles (Roveri), social and cultural aspects (Longo and Crespellani) as well as a glance over the most important museums, collections and documentary sources for telecommunications in Italy (Lucci, Savini, Temporelli, Valotti). The book is designed to offer a compendium comprising different analytical approaches, and aims to foster an interest in technology in the new generations, in the hope of stimulating potentially innovative research.
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Whiting, Rebecca, Helen Roby, Gillian Symon, and Petros Chamakiotis. Participant-led video diaries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796978.003.0010.
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Rebecca Whiting, Helen Roby, Gillian Symon, and Petros Chamakiotis develop an unconventional research design using video methods, asking participants to produce their own video diaries, a process which is then followed by narrative interviews. This approach generates multi-modal data: audio, visual, and textual, and involves adopting a qualitative perspective, and a social constructionist epistemology. This participant-led research design allows researchers to investigate a range of issues that are not often recalled in interviews or surveys, by capturing naturally occurring, real-time events and activities, and micro-interactions including non-verbal behaviours. Although video methods are used in other disciplines, they are rare in organizational research. The approach is illustrated by a study which explored how digital technologies affect our ability to manage switches across work-life boundaries. Analysis of participants’ video diaries illustrates the theoretical and reflexive insights that can be gained from this method. The problems and pitfalls encountered in this study are also considered.
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Miller, Tim, Jinzhong Niu, Martin Chapman, and Peter McBurney. An Overview and Evaluation of the Cat Market Design Competition. Edited by Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan, and Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.18.
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The rise of online commerce has led to an emerging discipline at the intersection of economics and computer science, a discipline which studies the properties and dynamics of automated trading in online marketplaces. The CAT Market Design Tournament was created to promote research into the design and deployment of economic mechanisms for such online marketplaces, particularly mechanisms able to adapt automatically to dynamic competitive environments. This research competition, which ran from 2007 to 2011), was won by four different teams and had entrants from thirteen countries. This chapter describes the motivation and history of the tournament and presents research that has arisen from it. The winners were experimentally “played off” to evaluate whether the state of the art in automated mechanism design improved during the CAT competition. The results show a clear and consistent improvement, supporting the belief that the competition has encouraged research in the field.
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Delgado, Melvin. Designs and Methods for Youth-Led Research. Sage Publications, Inc, 2005.
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Delgado, Melvin. Designs and Methods for Youth-Led Research. Sage Publications, Inc, 2005.
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Desurvire, Heather, and Dennis Wixon. Heuristics uncovered for Games User Researchers and game designers. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794844.003.0014.
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This paper presents a set of heuristics (PLAY and GAP) for game design and discusses the history of heuristics for games, describes the use of these heuristics, summarizes research demonstrating their effectiveness, and describes a hypothetical model that reviewers use when evaluating a game. The usage by designers and evaluators when reviewing two released games is also compared. Overall, heuristics were found to be much more effective than informal reviews and their use led not only to problem identification, but to suggested fixes, possible enhancements, and effective aspects of the existing designs.
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(Editor), Michael H. Tarbit, and Harold Selick (Editor), eds. Lead Optimization and Acceleration Techniques In Drug Discovery. CRC, 2015.
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Mirowski, Philip, and Edward Nik-Khah. The Knowledge We Have Lost in Information. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190270056.001.0001.
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In contrast with conventional histories of “economic rationality,” in this book we propose that the history of modern microeconomics is better organized as the treatment of information in postwar economics. Beginning with a brief primer on the nature of information, we then explore how economists first managed their rendezvous with it, tracing its origins to the Neoliberal Thought Collective and Friedrich Hayek. The response to this perceived threat was mounted by the orthodoxy at the Cowles Commission, leading to at least three distinct model strategies. But the logic of the models led to multiply cognitively challenged agents, which then logically led to a stress on markets to rectify those weaknesses. Unwittingly, the multiple conceptions of agency led to multiple types of markets; and the response of the orthodoxy was to shift research away from previous Walrasian themes to what has become known as market design. But internal contradictions in the market design programs led to a startling conclusion: just like their agents, the orthodox economists turned out to be not as smart as they had thought. A little information had turned out to be a dangerous thing.
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Krasnopolskaia, Iuliia. Design and Parametric Modeling of Pretensioned and Stiffened Membranes Project Work. Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.407.
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This research aimed to develop conceptually the pretensioned and stiffened membrane structures, using an experimental approach and computer simulation. The physical method of form finding included the pretensioned fabric with the glued grid made of the wooden sticks. Relaxation of the stressed membrane contributed to forming the specific anticlastic hyparic surface by energy release. The influence of the rigid elements pattern, intensity and direction of pretensioning on the final shape was investigated. The tensegrity structures were also built applying the same form finding way. These experiments led to the modelling of resulting samples with parametric design tools, namely Rhino and Grasshopper. Optimization of the final shape was carried out by changing parameters such as stiffenings configuration and membrane strength. This digital approach demonstrated successful simulation and rationalization of considered structures. Moreover, the final models can be used for further structural analysis and BIM. Considered membrane structures have very efficient load-bearing behavior. They are characterized by small weight, high light transmission and the ability to create large usable spaces free from columns. The most dangerous loads for membrane structures are wind and ponding. In practice, PTFE coated glass-fibre fabric and PVC coated polyester fabric are most suitable for pretensioned and stiffened membrane structures. The role of stiff elements can be played by steel profiles or metal tubes. The average time for the construction of a membrane structure is 6-15 months. Resulted pretensioned and stiffened membrane structures can be used as pavilions, roofs and awnings. They are distinguished by spectacular architectural view and very effective structural system. In addition, membrane tensile structures are characterized by high eco-efficiency and sustainability compared to other types of construction.
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Verbakel, Ward. Urban Andes. Edited by Basil Descheemaeker and Viviana d’Auria. Leuven University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664594.
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Climate change in the Andes is affecting the relation between urban development and the landscape. Design-led explorations are reframing landscape logics and urbanisation patterns within the Cachi River Basin of Ayacucho, Peru. A co-production of students, researchers and designers, the book suggests alternative futures, crossing scales of landscape systems to new settlement typologies. Urban Andes marks the start of the new series LAP on innovative design research in architecture, urbanism, and landscape. It is the result of a two-year collaboration (2018–2020), initiated by the CCA in cooperation with KU Leuven and various partners, including local organisations and the VLIR-UOS.
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Urban Stormwater. CSIRO Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100596.
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The intense concentration of human activity in urban areas leads to changes in both the quantity and quality of runoff that eventually reaches our streams, lakes, wetlands, estuaries and coasts. The increasing use of impervious surfaces designed to provide smooth and direct pathways for stormwater run-off, has led to greater runoff volumes and flow velocities in urban waterways. Unmanaged, these changes in the quantity and quality of stormwater can result in considerable damage to the environment.
Improved environmental performance is needed to ensure that the environmental values and beneficial uses of receiving waters are sustained or enhanced.
Urban Stormwater - Best-Practice Environmental Management Guidelines resulted from a collaboration between State government agencies, local government and leading research institutions. The guidelines have been designed to meet the needs of people involved in the planning, design or management of urban land uses or stormwater drainage systems. They provide guidance in ten key areas: Environmental performance objectives; Stormwater management planning; Land use planning; Water sensitive urban design; Construction site management; Business surveys; Education and awareness; Enforcement; Structural treatment measures; and Flow management.
Engineers and planners within local government, along with consultants to the development industry, should find the guidelines especially useful. Government agencies should also find them helpful in assessing the performance of stormwater managers.
While developed specifically for application in Victoria, Australia, the information will be of value to stormwater managers everywhere.
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Pamela, Hamilton. The workshop book: How to design and lead successful workshops. 2016.
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Thorat, Sukhadeo, and Samar Verma. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199474417.003.0001.
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For social sciences to play their emancipatory as well as instrumental role in public policymaking, it is imperative that the social science research ecosystem is dynamic and vibrant, institutions governing the research ecosystem are robust and effective, and those producing good quality research and researchers are strong and well governed. Underlying these is a serious issue about funding and availability of data on social science research (SSR) to facilitate informed decision-making and enable design of program policies and strategies. In collaboration with the Think Tank Initiative (TTI) Program of IDRC, ICSSR led this work to examine the present status of social science in the country. This Volume examines the status of SSR with respect to its multiple dimensions and recommends the need for a comprehensive national social science policy in India that is adequately resourced and delivered through well-governed national institutions in order to create a credible research culture in social sciences.
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Wilde, Kate, and Zena Jones. Involving older people in the design and conduct of clinical trials. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199689644.003.0015.
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Key points• There are strong policy drivers in the UK to involve patients not only as participants in research, but also as members of the research team.• Patient and public involvement (PPI) can have significant benefits to the patient as well as to the research project.• Many research funders require PPI explicitly described and evaluated in research proposals.• Researchers need increased awareness of PPI, guidance, and a framework of how best to implement PPI within their research strategies.• There is a risk of ‘tokenistic’ involvement of service users.• There is the potential for a power struggle between the PPI representative with personal experience and the lead researcher with academic knowledge of the condition studied.• There is a need to formally evaluate the impact of PPI on the effectiveness of research to bring new treatments to patients.
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Rovner, Joshua. Intelligence and National Security Decision Making. Edited by Derek S. Reveron, Nikolas K. Gvosdev, and John A. Cloud. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.22.
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This chapter provides a brief overview of the history of the modern U.S. intelligence community, with specific reference to the causes and consequences of major reform efforts. Pearl Harbor generated intense pressure to build an intelligence system capable of providing warning of future attacks, culminating in the creation of the modern intelligence community in 1947. Sixty years later, the September 11 attacks led to another round of organizational changes. This chapter describes and evaluates those changes, noting that the jury is still out on basic questions about the relationship between organizational design and intelligence performance. It then turns to contemporary debates over analysis, intelligence-policy relations, and politicization. The conclusion suggests avenues of future research on these issues.
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Spies, Dennis C. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812906.003.0008.
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The purpose of this last chapter is to summarize the results of the comparative analysis of the US and Western Europe and point to venues for further research. Race and immigration are strongly linked to questions of welfare in the US, but there is little empirical support for the argument that immigration has also led to welfare state retrenchment in Europe. Notwithstanding the negative effects of increased ethnic diversity on support for welfare by natives, the institutional design of European welfare programs and the economically divided anti-immigrant movement prevent immigration concerns from translating into actual retrenchment in the core areas of welfare. Ironically, in many cases it is the anti-immigrant Extreme Right that prevents such an outcome in Western Europe.
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(US), National Research Council, Panel on Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams, Committee on Earthquake Engineering, and Division of Natural Hazard Mitigation. Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams: Design, Performance, and Research Needs. National Academies Press, 1991.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Panel on Earthquake Engineering for Concrete Dams., ed. Earthquake engineering for concrete dams: Design, performance, and research needs. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1990.
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Farrar, John T. Understanding clinical trials in palliative care research. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0193.
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Advances in basic science, translational, and clinical research have led to rapid improvements in our understanding of many disease processes. The randomized clinical trial (RCT) has played an important role in validating the benefits and harms of therapies thought to be potentially useful based on scientific theory or clinical observation, and has become the ‘gold standard’ for the demonstration of efficacy. As in all clinical study designs, the RCT has strengths and weaknesses that must be understood to appropriately interpret the study results. While randomization of the intended study population is the primary strength of such trials, choice of the study population, control condition, outcome measures, analysis procedure, and procedures for blinding the study participants can all affect the results. Understanding the requirements of a valid RCT and what can potentially go wrong will improve the conduct of palliative care research and the usefulness of published information in the care of patients.
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Sekine, Kenichi, and Keisuke Arai. Design Team Revolution: How to Cut Lead Times in Half and Double Your Productivity. Productivity Press, 1999.
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Ashworth, Scott, Christopher R. Berry, and Ethan Bueno de Mesquita. Theory and Credibility. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691213828.001.0001.
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The credibility revolution, with its emphasis on empirical methods for causal inference, has led to concerns among scholars that the canonical questions about politics and society are being neglected because they are no longer deemed answerable. This book stakes out an opposing view—presenting a new vision of how, working together, the credibility revolution and formal theory can advance social scientific inquiry. The book covers the conceptual foundations and practicalities of both model building and research design, providing a new framework to link theory and empirics. Drawing on diverse examples from political science, it presents a typology of the rich set of interactions that are possible between theory and empirics. This typology opens up new ways for scholars to make progress on substantive questions and enables researchers from disparate traditions to gain a deeper appreciation for each other's work and why it matters. The book shows theorists how to create models that are genuinely useful to empirical inquiry, and helps empiricists better understand how to structure their research in ways that speak to theoretically meaningful questions.
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Donin, Nicolas. Domesticating gesture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199355914.003.0005.
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As personal and solitary as it may be, the process of composition always implies more than one individual and has many collective dimensions. This chapter presents an ethnographic account of the collective process involved in creating a work for ‘augmented string quartet’ at IRCAM from 2006 to 2008. It addresses three primary concerns: the composer–performer interaction and the role of musical notation; the relationship between artistic creativity and reflexivity; and the sharing of skills and expertise across disciplines. The project led not only to a new musical work, but also to a technological device for ‘gesture-following’ (including customised motion sensors and innovative software), scientific papers, and new expertise in computer music design for future projects involving motion capture. These patterns of distributed creativity are essential to ‘musical research’ as a collective endeavour, and are present in many other circumstances of contemporary or traditional composition and performance.
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Zaheer Ul-Haq and Angela K. Wilson, eds. Frontiers in Computational Chemistry: Volume 6. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/97898150368481220601.
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Frontiers in Computational Chemistry presents contemporary research on molecular modeling techniques used in drug discovery and the drug development process: computer aided molecular design, drug discovery and development, lead generation, lead optimization, database management, computer and molecular graphics, and the development of new computational methods or efficient algorithms for the simulation of chemical phenomena including analyses of biological activity. The sixth volume of this series features these six different perspectives on the application of computational chemistry in rational drug design: 1. Computer-aided molecular design in computational chemistry 2. The role of ensemble conformational sampling using molecular docking & dynamics in drug discovery 3. Molecular dynamics applied to discover antiviral agents 4. Pharmacophore modeling approach in drug discovery against the tropical infectious disease malaria 5. Advances in computational network pharmacology for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) research 6. Progress in electronic-structure based computational methods: from small molecules to large molecular systems of biological significance
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Fancourt, Daisy. A step-by-step approach to the research process. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792079.003.0010.
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This chapter maps the four stages involved in a research process, giving an overview of each one and providing sources for more in-depth information such as specific research methods books. The first stage involves developing the idea for a research study, including identifying a research problem, developing research questions and hypotheses, developing a theory, assessing the feasibility of an intervention, choosing a study team, and involving patients and the public. The second stage involves designing a research study, including deciding on a research design and selecting the research methods. The third stage involves running the research study and assessing whether it has been run with enough fidelity to the initial plan to provide viable data. The fourth stage is the outcome of the research study, including deciding how to report results, how to disseminate findings, and whether findings can lead to further implementation of the intervention or further research.
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Jackson, Kiara, and Jon Binder. UX Management Methods - a User Experience Design Leadership Guide for Beginners: How to Lead UX Design or Master the UX Research Lifecycle As a Team of One. Independently Published, 2021.
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Douglas, Gordon C. C. “I’m an Expert on Public Space”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190691332.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 focuses on the personal and professional background of many do-it-yourselfers who employ sophisticated knowledge of professional planning and scholarly urbanism in their interventions. In doing so, it begins to challenge binary notions of formality and informality in urbanism. The chapter includes discussion of the history of informality in cities and the development of professionalized urban planning and placemaking practices. It then discusses how many do-it-yourself urban designers have professional design training that they to use in their projects. Where others lack such a background, they often seek information from official sources in order to strengthen and legitimate their interventions, from tools, techniques, and guidelines to justifications grounded in social science research. Although this may lead to better-designed and more effective improvements, it also gives the individuals a certain confidence in the quality of their actions and their right to make them.
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Elder Abuse in the Family: An Interdisciplinary Model for Research. Springer Publishing Company, 1999.
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Raymond, Starr, and Wolfe David A. 1951-, eds. The Effects of child abuse and neglect: Issues and research. London: Guilford, 1991.
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Raymond H. Starr Jr. (Editor) and David A. Wolfe (Editor), eds. The Effects of Child Abuse and Neglect: Issues and Research. The Guilford Press, 1991.
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(Editor), William Shaffir, and Robert A. Stebbins (Editor), eds. Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research (SAGE Focus Editions). Sage Publications, Inc, 1990.
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Divan, Aysha, and Janice A. Royds. 7. Molecular biology in the clinic. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198723882.003.0007.
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Environmental agents can cause genetic and epigenetic changes to DNA, the consequences of which lead to deregulation of cellular processes and pathways that cause disease. Genetic variation can either be inherited if acquired through the germline or non-heritable when the DNA changes occur in somatic (body) cells. ‘Molecular biology in the clinic’ discusses two key contemporary areas of clinical research that have benefited from an improved knowledge of their molecular basis: ageing and cancer. It shows that we are now better able to predict disease risk and design drugs that have higher clinical efficacy by targeting specific molecular pathways.
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Auerbach, Charles, and Wendy Zeitlin. SSD for R. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197582756.001.0001.
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Single-subject research designs have been used to build evidence to the effective treatment of problems across various disciplines, including social work, psychology, psychiatry, medicine, allied health fields, juvenile justice, and special education. This book serves as a guide for those desiring to conduct single-subject data analysis. The aim of this text is to introduce readers to the various functions available in SSD for R, a new, free, and innovative software package written in R, the robust open-source statistical programming language written by the book’s authors. SSD for R has the most comprehensive functionality specifically designed for the analysis of single-subject research data currently available. SSD for R has numerous graphing and charting functions to conduct robust visual analysis. Besides the ability to create simple line graphs, features are available to add mean, median, and standard deviation lines across phases to help better visualize change over time. Graphs can be annotated with text. SSD for R contains a wide variety of functions to conduct statistical analyses traditionally conducted with single-subject data. These include numerous descriptive statistics and effect size functions and tests of statistical significance, such as t tests, chi-squares, and the conservative dual criteria. Finally, SSD for R has the capability of analyzing group-level data. Readers are led step by step through the analytical process based on the characteristics of their data. Numerous examples and illustrations are provided to help readers understand the wide range of functions available in SSD for R and their application to data analysis and interpretation.
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Dobbin, Frank, and Alexandra Kalev. The Origins and Effects of Corporate Diversity Programs. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0015.
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Corporations have implemented a wide range of equal opportunity and diversity programs since the 1960s. This chapter reviews studies of the origins of these programs, surveys that assess the popularity of different programs, and research on the effects of programs on the workforce. Human resources managers championed several waves of innovations: corporate equal opportunity policies and recruitment and training programs in the 1960s; bureaucratic hiring and promotion policies and grievance mechanisms in the 1970s; diversity training, networking, and mentoring programs in the 1980s; and work/family and sexual harassment programs in the 1990s and beyond. It was those managers who designed equal opportunity and diversity programs, not lawyers or judges or government bureaucrats, thus corporate take-up of the programs remains very uneven. Statistical analyses of time-series data on the effects of corporate diversity measures reveal several patterns. Initiatives designed to quash managerial bias, through diversity training, diversity performance evaluations, and bureaucratic rules, have been broadly ineffective. By contrast, innovations designed to engage managers in promoting workforce integration—mentoring programs, diversity taskforces, and full-time diversity staffers—have led to increases in diversity in the most difficult job to integrate, management. The research has clear implications for corporate and public policy.
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How to Design, Analyze, and Write Doctoral or Masters Research/Including Select-Stat Personal Computer Diskette. Rowman & Littlefield (Non NBN), 1988.
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Van Dam, Nicholas T., Brian M. Iacoviello, and James W. Murrough. Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Depression. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0023.
Full textAbstract:
Depressive disorders are among the most disabling medical illnesses worldwide and limited efficacy of currently available medication and psychotherapy treatments adds to this large public health burden. In the current chapter, we consider findings from several large-scale health surveys to estimate the burden of illness, and review the current data available regarding prognosis, psychiatric and medical comorbidities, and socio-demographic factors influencing the prevalence and course of depression. We also consider emerging alternative methods of conceptualizing depression and other mental disorders that emphasize a dimensional rather than categorical approach. Increasing attention to such approaches in the design of psychiatric research related to depression may lead to an improved understanding of depression and more effective treatments.
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Batson, C. Daniel. An Unsettling Surprise. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190651374.003.0001.
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Do we ever care about others for their sakes or only for our own? Can science be used to answer this question about human nature? When I began researching why we help others, I assumed that the motivation for everything we do—including seemingly selfless acts of compassion—is always exclusively egoistic, that is, self-interested. But, an experiment Jay Coke and I did raised doubts. In that experiment, participants induced to feel empathic concern for a young woman in need seemed motivated to help her for her sake, not their own. These doubts led to a long line of experimental research designed to determine whether the motivation to help produced by empathic concern is egoistic or altruistic. This book is about that search.
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Rocque, Michael, Agnieszka Serwik, and Judy Plummer-Beale. Offender Rehabilitation and Reentry During Emerging Adulthood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190260637.003.0046.
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The criminal justice system has long been delineated along juvenile and adult lines. The ostensible rationale for this separation was that juveniles are developmentally distinct from adults; they require less punitive, more rehabilitative treatment than adults in order to improve their behavior. The underlying assumption is that adults are fully mature, and so developmental programs will be ineffective for them. However, recent research has indicated that young or emerging adults are not fully mature, either socially or physiologically. This has led for some to call for a new, “third way” approach for young adult offenders. We describe a program in Maine designed for young adult offenders, in which inmates are separated from both juveniles and adults and provided a diverse array of programming.
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Meurig Thomas, John. Architects of Structural Biology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854500.001.0001.
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Designed for the non-specialist, the explanations and illustrations used here describe the work, personalities, collaborations, and idiosyncrasies of four of the most distinguished Nobel Laureates of the twentieth century. They exploited a discovery made over a century ago about the nature of X-rays, and thereby created a new branch of science. This enabled them to elucidate, in atomic detail, the structure and mode of action of molecules of the living world: enzymes, vitamins, and viruses, as well as antibiotics. Perutz and Kendrew, from their pioneering work using X-ray diffraction on haemoglobin and myoglobin, the proteins that transport and store oxygen in all animals, led them to establish in 1962 one of the most successful research centres ever—the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge. Medicines discovered there are used worldwide to treat leukaemia, arthritis, and other diseases. Their work also led to the creation in the United States of the Protein Data Bank that guides scientists in understanding the misfolding of proteins, which cause Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. This book is first a memoir of these scientists and their contemporaries, many of them friends of the author. Second, it is an insight into the great excitement associated with structural molecular biology, which directly informs our understanding of ourselves. Third, it describes how two renowned research centres in the United Kingdom—the LMB and the Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory—achieved iconic status. It also highlights the importance of the popularization of science, of which Bragg, Perutz, and Kendrew, as well as Dorothy Hodgkin (who solved the structures of penicillin and vitamin B12) were experts.
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Dix, Alan, Steve Gill, Devina Ramduny-Ellis, and Jo Hare. TouchIT. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718581.001.0001.
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Abstract The physical world is increasingly filled with digital products to the extent that the boundaries of digital and physical reality become blurred. From mundane devices such as mobile phones and washing machines, to esoteric research including tangible computation and body implants, we continually bridge two worlds, literally touching buttons and dials and metaphorically touching the bits beyond. The connection between pure thought and abstract information is through solid keyboard and mouse, but likewise the material world of buildings, cars, and running shoes is suffused with computation through sensors, displays, and flashing LEDs. How do people understand this world and how can designers create usable hybrid physical–digital products? This book brings together experience from human–computer interaction and industrial design, exploring these themes under four main headings: human body and mind; objects and things; space; and computation and information. In considering each it looks at the underlying physical processes, our human understanding of them, and then the way these inform and are informed by digital design. The final part of the book draws together the theoretical and practical implications of this for design. This includes practical advice, potential tools, and philosophical underpinnings. Digital technology is fundamentally altering the world we live in but can only be truly understood in relation to the physical world we all inhabit. The most successful future products and policies will be those that take this rich digital/physical ecology seriously.
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Danielson, Michael S. Migrants as Agents of Democratization? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679972.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
How do migrants affect the political systems of their municipalities of origin? This chapter seeks to understand the factors that lead to a range of possible outcomes. To do this, it employs a comparative subnational research design to analyze ethnographic data gathered from 12 high-migration municipalities in the states of Oaxaca, Guanajuato, and Zacatecas. The chapter documents how migrants have interacted with home-country political actors and evaluates the impact of these interactions. Migrant engagement resulted in some form of increased political competition in 6 of the 12 municipalities studied; in all but one of these cases, the result was factionalism and a divided opposition at best, and deep and violent social conflict at worst. In the remaining 6 municipalities, dominant political actors either incorporated migrants into the prevailing system by establishing neocorporatist equilibria or successfully blocked the influence of migrant actors all together, despite high levels of migration.