Journal articles on the topic 'Design, Industrial – Cross-cultural studies'
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Zhong, C. "Chinese and Western Cultural Differences Embodied in Industrial Design." Materials Science Forum 697-698 (September 2011): 754–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.697-698.754.
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This article mainly describes the development of Chinese design culture and the impact of culture in Germany, Italy and Scandinavian countries on industrial design. Then it analyzes differences from perception of nature, value, thinking mode and aesthetic point between China and the West. It compares the difference of industrial design in different countries and impact of different cultures on industrial design. It systematically studies the relationship between culture and industrial design. The key point in design is use of culture. The innovative point in this article is to apply the cultural elements to industrial design. In design, the combination of cultural elements and products should be natural and proper. The cultural elements and products should have something in common. People should not superficially impose cultural symbols on the appearance of product.
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Fallan, Kjetil. "Heresy and heroics: The debate on the alleged ‘crisis’ in Italian industrial design around 1960." Modern Italy 14, no. 3 (August 2009): 257–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940802348778.
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In the course of the 1950s, Italian industrial design underwent a period of professionalisation and rose to international fame under the banners of ‘Made in Italy’ and ‘la linea italiana’. Seen in retrospect, Italian design retained this position during the 1960s, with the onset of avant-garde ‘pop-design’ and ‘anti-design’. Yet this future development was by no means a given in the Italian design community at the turn of the decade. At this crucial moment, between the rationality of the first postwar period and the playfulness of the second, allegations of a ‘crisis’ in Italian industrial design raised a storm in the professional community for a brief period around 1960. This article analyses this heated debate, focusing on its most pronounced manifestation: the discussions in the Associazione per il Disegno Industriale (ADI) and the design magazine Stile Industria following the jury's decision to withhold the Gran Premio Nazionale Compasso d'Oro for 1959.
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Kurniawan, Michael Nathaniel. "Rethinking Art, Design, and Cultural History for the Indonesian Design Education and Creative Economy." Humaniora 10, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v10i2.5465.
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This research used extensive literature reviews of the history of Design HE, Art and Design History, Creative and Cultural Industries, Cultural Heritage Studies, and Design Studies to rethink the history, concepts, and common teaching practices of Art, Design, and Cultural History within the Design HE curriculum, especially for the Visual Communication Design Undergraduate program as it contributed to almost all of the creative industries’ sub-sectors. It is discovered that since the Industrial Revolution, the Design HE, the art and cultural museum, and the economy actually shares a strong correlation that has long been rejected and mostly forgotten. Exploring this correlation helps to determine the role of cultural heritage in the creative economy and to position Indonesian cultural heritage as central in the design curriculum. On this account, Art, Design, and Cultural History subject(s) should encourage designers to create new designs as active efforts to preserve past cultural values that also function as creative and critical interventions towards the global creative economy phenomenon.
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Chen, Chun-Liang. "Cross-disciplinary innovations by Taiwanese manufacturing SMEs in the context of Industry 4.0." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 31, no. 6 (October 6, 2020): 1145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2019-0301.
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Taiwan employ technology to participate in global supply chains so as to respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.Design/methodology/approachThis study chose four small to medium textile SMEs using qualitative exploratory multiple case studies to examine their participation in the global value chain (GVC) and under the context of Industry 4.0.FindingsThis study proffered a strategic model for the innovative integration of textile manufacturing companies and cultural content industry into the global market. The results identified four types of cross-disciplinary value creation strategies by Industry 4.0-driven technology and cultural content infusion: enhancing digital product display capabilities, integrating cultural content design and online marketing, creative brand marketing with cyber-physical channel integration and emotional marketing incorporated with smart services.Originality/valueThe author proposed the following cross-disciplinary value creation strategies for clothing SMEs in Taiwan: (1) enhancing digital product display capabilities, (2) integrating cultural content design and online marketing, (3) creative brand marketing with cyber-physical integration and (4) emotional marketing incorporated with smart services. Using these strategies, SMEs can incorporate cultural and lifestyle aspects into products and services and embed themselves in the global marketing links of GVCs.
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Sheppard, Randal. "Clara Porset in Mid Twentieth-Century Mexico:The Politics of Designing, Producing, and Consuming Revolutionary Nationalist Modernity." Americas 75, no. 2 (April 2018): 349–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2017.182.
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In 2006, Mexico City's Museo Franz Meyer held an exhibition titled Creating a Modern Mexico, celebrating the furniture designs of Clara Porset y Dumas. This exhibition and a growing literature on her work by design historians during the first decades of the twenty-first century have helped establish Porset as the highest-profile pioneer of industrial and interior design in twentieth-century Mexico.
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Yang, Ming-Ying. "Industrial Design Students Design for Social Innovation: Case Study in a Taiwanese Village." Design and Culture 7, no. 3 (July 3, 2015): 451–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17547075.2015.1105704.
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Yao, Jun, Ju Wang, and Huidan Zhang. "Using Industrial Cultural Heritage to Transform and Develop Resource-Based Cities." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0014.
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To protect industrial cultural heritage, the methods of overall protection and utilization of industrial heritage were put forward in the transformation and development of resource-based cities. Taking Chongqing, a famous old industrial city in China, as the research object, from the cultural heritage, history, architecture, urban planning and other disciplines, the construction of Chongqing industrial heritage protection theory and practice methods were explored to guide the protection and utilization of Chongqing industrial heritage. A progressive evaluation method from the whole to the local was established. Industrial cities, typical corporate and architectural heritage were evaluated. The overall characteristics of urban industrial development were reflected. The renewal of old industrial areas and the protection of industrial heritage were elaborated through the overall co-ordination of urban design and detailed planning. The results showed that it was the key to integrate the protection elements and requirements into the detailed urban control planning. Therefore, special planning plays an important role in protecting industrial heritage.
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Ishchenko, Kostiantyn, Volodymyr Konoval, and Liudmyla Lohvyna. "An effective way to rock mass preparation on metallic and nonmetallic quarries Ukraine." E3S Web of Conferences 109 (2019): 00031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201910900031.
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A method in experimental studies and industrial-polygon particular conditions justifying the choice of a rational design of an explosive charge. The comparative results of the evaluation of the stress wave’s amplitudes studies and the character of crushing hard media from the explosion of the charge explosives-variable and constant cross section. The dependences of the particle size distribution of various designs explosive charges destroyed by the explosion are constructed. In industrial conditions, the rationale for the explosive boreholes location according to the massif structure. Adjusted boreholes location grid on rational parameters blasting unit, determined using a novel method of breaking rock complex structure. A new design of a combined borehole charge of variable cross section has been proposed. Industrial tests performed and evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed method blasting locally fractured rocks and ore deposits on non-metallic minerals. Recommendations on their use are given.
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Hoffmann, Jochen, Ulrike Röttger, Diana Ingenhoff, and Anis Hamidati. "The rehabilitation of the “nation variable”." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 20, no. 4 (October 5, 2015): 483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-10-2014-0071.
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Purpose – Despite an impressive body of international research, there is a lack of empirical evidence describing the ways in which organisational environments influence the practices of corporate communications (CC). A cross-cultural survey in five countries contributes to closing this research gap. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – What makes the research design innovative is that the questionnaire incorporates both practitioners’ perceptions of the cultural context and the relevance of CC practices. The sample comprises 418 practitioners from the most senior positions in CC in the biggest companies in Australia, Austria, Germany, Indonesia, and Switzerland. By choosing a systematic access to the field the authors circumvent shortcomings of “snowball” sampling techniques. Findings – While cultural perceptions and CC priorities vary to a certain degree, there are hardly any significant correlations between the two. Meanwhile, the “nation variable”, and the institutional settings associated with it, are more instructive when explaining differences in CC. Research limitations/implications – A large cross-cultural survey needs to take a “birds eye view” and, as such, is able to identify only general tendencies when describing relations between perceptions of culture and CC practices. Future case studies and qualitative research could explore more subtle ways in which CC is influenced not only by the cultural context, but also – and probably even more – by institutional environments. Originality/value – This is the first cross-cultural survey to systematically describe on the level of primary data, the links between CC practices and perceptions of the organisational environment. Since the results indicate only a limited impact of culture, the authors would recommend the rehabilitation of the “nation variable”. Provided it is understood and differentiated as a representation of specific institutional contexts, the nation variable is likely to prove highly instructive when accounting for the diversity of CC observed around the world.
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Long, Christopher. "John Vassos: Industrial Design for Modern Life, by Danielle Shapiro." Design and Culture 9, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17547075.2017.1280328.
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Carter, Thomas. "Traditional Design in an Industrial Age: Vernacular Domestic Architecture in Victorian Utah." Journal of American Folklore 104, no. 414 (1991): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/541549.
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Zakian, Pooya, Behnam Ordoubadi, and Erfan Alavi. "Optimal design of steel pipe rack structures using PSO, GWO, and IGWO algorithms." Advances in Structural Engineering 24, no. 11 (March 27, 2021): 2529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13694332211004116.
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Design optimization of industrial structures is of great importance for engineers in order to provide a cost-effective structural design. Meanwhile, pipe rack is a skeletal industrial structure subjected to various types of loading such as gravity, seismic, piping, and thermal forces. While there are many studies on design optimization of the most common structures, only a limited number of studies exist on optimal design of industrial structures. In this article, a design optimization problem is proposed for weight minimization of steel pipe rack structures, and then the problem is solved through three meta-heuristic algorithms consisting of a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and the recently developed improved grey wolf optimizer (IGWO). The optimization problem is in discrete form in order to consider practically available cross-sections for the structural members. Stress ratio, drift, and dimensional constraints are imposed during the optimization. In order to demonstrate the capability and effectiveness of the present design optimization problem, a pipe rack structure is optimized by the proposed algorithms, and the optimized designs are compared to an ordinary design in terms of the structural weight and the status of constraints.
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Hüttenhain, Britta, and Anna Ilonka Kübler. "City and Industry: How to Cross Borders? Learning From Innovative Company Site Transformations." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (September 23, 2021): 368–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4240.
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While working and living coexisted in the historical city, the functions are separated in the Modernist city. Recently, the idea of connected urban districts with short distances and attractive work spaces have received renewed attention from companies and planners alike, as soft site factors, tacit knowledge, and local production are gaining importance. In this article we focus on the development of multi-national company sites and the economic and spatial conditions that encourage them to transform existing sites, improve placemaking, and cross borders. We also have a look at their interactive influence on the neighbourhood. We talked to the real estate managers of BASF, BMW, Bosch, Siemens, and Trumpf about site development strategies and approaches for connecting and mixing functions, and therefore crossing borders and, where it is necessary, separating. The professional discourse on “productive cities” and “urban manufacturing” is concerned with reintegrating production into the city. Reurbanisation is especially instrumental in overcoming a major guiding principle or dogma of the Modernist city: the separation of functions. Nevertheless, reurbanisation results in price rises and increases the competition for land. Therefore, planning has to pay attention to industrial areas, as well as housing or the inner-city. An important thesis of the article is that multi-national companies are pioneers in transforming their priority sites to suit future development. For cities, it is an upcoming communal task to ensure that all existing industrial areas develop into “just, green and productive cities,” as pointed out in the New Leipzig Charter. To a certain extent, it is possible to adapt the urban planning and design strategies of multi-national companies for existing industrial areas. This is especially true regarding the question of how borders and transition zones between industrial areas of companies and the surrounding neighbourhood can be designed to be spatially and functionally sustainable or how they can be transformed to suit future urban needs. However, urban planning has to balance many concerns and therefore the article concludes with a synopsis of the importance of strategic planning for transforming existing industrial areas.
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Fedorov, А., and A. Varankina. "Perspective museum and landscape projects for use of cultural heritage objects in Tyumen region rural territories." Heritage and Modern Times 4, no. 1 (April 20, 2021): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52883/2619-0214-2021-4-1-93-109.
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The article presents results of study of the Tyumen region south cultural framework, capable of determining and systemically building the tourist potential of the territory. Within the strategic project of the Tyumen Industrial University "Architectural Image of the Region" by the department "Architectural Environment Design" of the Institute of Architecture and Design, based on the studies conducted, conceptual projects were completed to form the infrastructure and design the historical and cultural framework of the Tyumen region.
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Abdulsalam Mustafa, Sumayah, Mohd Zulham Affandi bin Mohd Zahid, and Md Hadli bin Abu Hassan. "Cross Section Optimization of Plane Truss among Different Spans." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.1.
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Cross sectional areas optimization is to be implemented to study the influence of the cross section shape on the optimum truss weight. By the aid of analysis and design engines with advanced finite element analysis that is the steel design software STAAD. Four rolled steel sections (angle, tube, channel, and pipe) which are used in industrial roof trusses are applied for comparison. Many previous studies, use the areas of cross sections as design variables without highlight to the shape of cross section at the start of the process, consequently the result area will be adequate if the designer choose the effective shape than others. Results of this research show that the chosen cross section shape has a significant impact on the optimum truss weight for same geometry of truss type under the same circumstances of loading and supports.
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EOM, Jun, and Dai AN. "Regeneration of Industrial Facilities into Cultural Facilities in Seoul: Studying Location Value." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124778.
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Seoul is a rapidly developing city that attempted to keep up with the swift rate of industrialization by constructing large buildings with short life cycles to provide basic urban facilities. Today, however, these buildings are obsolete, and Seoul has become a cultural city rather than an industrial one. Rather than destroying these old buildings, many seek to transform them into cultural facilities, thereby giving them location value. This study examines both international and domestic case studies to determine five ways that such revitalization endows these spaces with location value. Through this, the study demonstrates that providing historic buildings with traditional Seoul architectural and urban characteristics with location value creates a meaningful city in which traces of past industrialization coexist with the present. As Seoul continues to develop as a cultural hub in South Korea, this paper’s findings suggest directions for future urban design.
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Zimpel, Jadwiga. "New landscapes of the post-industrial city." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 2, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2019.4.5.8.
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This paper attempts to analyze modern urban space in the context of intercepting the effects of biopolitical production by means of a conceptual apparatus taken from urban landscape studies. Among the discussed sections of urban space, which illustrate the issue undertaken in this text, there are first and foremost places that focalize and intertwine practices of urban design, landscape architecture, design and media initiated by local governments, institutions, and private investors. All of these practices strive to create a new type of urban landscapes, characterized by their simultaneous functioning as sights and as “urban stages.” Following from the above findings, this paper aims to describe the listed forms of land use in terms derived from cultural concepts of landscape, considering the latter to be a useful tool for explaining the relations between modern urban subjects and the environment they exist in.
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Putra, Edi Setiadi, and Mohamad Arif Waskito. "Konsep ergonomi kultural Nusantara dalam pendidikan dasar Desain Produk ITENAS." Productum: Jurnal Desain Produk (Pengetahuan dan Perancangan Produk) 3, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/productum.v3i8.3816.
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This study aims to reveal the existence of the concept of Cultural Ergonomics or Ergoculture, as a relevant term to describe the cultural influence of a nation in the principles of modern ergonomics. Ergonomics or Human Factor, is one of the important sciences to be studied by Product Design students, because it is a determining factor in achieving the predicate of the feasibility of using a product. Comfortability factors, efficiency and productivity are the benchmarks for the success of product design process. The study in this paper is a review of the process of design basic education that needs to introduce the ergonomic aspects of Indonesian people to a particular field of work based on cultural values. Not all principles of universal ergonomics are relevant to the cultural patterns of Indonesian society. Ergonomics studies in essential design basic education are delivered early to strengthen the understanding of cultural values from the ergonomic point of view of Indonesian society in general. This study is the beginning of the thought of the need to strengthen cultural aspects in Ergonomics applied to the study of Industrial Product Design in Indonesia.
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Perzyk, M., A. Kochański, P. Mazurek, and K. Karczewski. "Selected Principles of Feeding Systems Design: Simulation vs Industrial Experience." Archives of Foundry Engineering 14, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2014-0090.
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Abstract Simulation software dedicated for design of casting processes is usually tested and calibrated by comparisons of shrinkage defects distribution predicted by the modelling with that observed in real castings produced in a given foundry. However, a large amount of expertise obtained from different foundries, including especially made experiments, is available from literature, in the form of recommendations for design of the rigging systems. This kind of information can be also used for assessment of the simulation predictions. In the present work two parameters used in the design of feeding systems are considered: feeding ranges in horizontal and vertical plates as well as efficiency (yield) of feeders of various shapes. The simulation tests were conducted using especially designed steel and aluminium castings with risers and a commercial FDM based software. It was found that the simulations cannot predict appearance of shrinkage porosity in horizontal and vertical plates of even cross-sections which would mean, that the feeding ranges are practically unlimited. The yield of all types of feeders obtained from the simulations appeared to be much higher than that reported in the literature. It can be concluded that the feeding flow modelling included in the tested software does not reflect phenomena responsible for the feeding processes in real castings properly. Further tests, with different types of software and more fundamental studies on the feeding process modelling would be desirable.
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Dawson, Gowan. "DICKENS, DINOSAURS, AND DESIGN." Victorian Literature and Culture 44, no. 4 (November 4, 2016): 761–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150316000358.
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Charles Dickens's novels only occasionally feature images of prehistoric creatures. There is, of course, the famous “elephantine lizard. . .waddling. . .up Holborn Hill” in the opening scenes of Bleak House (1852–53), which, as is brilliantly captured in Tom Gauld's recent cartoon “Fragments of Dickens's Lost Novel ‘A Megalosaur's Progress’” (2011), has become a kind of icon of Dickens's entire fictional oeuvre (Figure 1). But beyond Bleak House’s iconic megalosaurus “forty feet long or so,” Dickens's panoramic representations of urban landscapes, which Adelene Buckland has shown to abound with quasi-geological ruins, are usually populated only by their more diminutive modern inhabitants (1; ch. 1). Even when the changing cityscape of “carcases. . .and fragments” of “giant forms” seems, as in Dombey and Son (1847–48), to suggest the presence of colossal fossilized skeletons thrown up by a “great earthquake,” they remain lifeless and merely augment the pervading atmosphere of urban upheaval (46; ch. 6). Animate extinct animals instead appear more commonly in novels by contemporaries such as William Makepeace Thackeray or, later in the century, Henry James. In their fiction, creatures such as the megatherium, a large edentate from the Pliocene epoch, not only afford apposite metaphors for gargantuan manifestations of industrial modernity, as in the former's Mrs. Perkins's Ball (1846) and the latter's The Bostonians (1885–86). More significantly, they also provide a model for the complex structures of serialized novels, whether commendatory, as in Thackeray's The Newcomes (1853–55), or otherwise, as in the famous epithet “large loose baggy monsters” that James coined in the preface to the New York edition of The Tragic Muse (1908) (1:x).
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Ueda, Edilson Shindi. "Student team integrating aspects of sustainability in practical design education." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 19, no. 5 (July 2, 2018): 877–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-08-2017-0136.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the first experiences (activities, attitudes and inclinations) of an undergraduate student team with eco-design activities. Design/methodology/approach Undergraduate students of an industrial design course were invited to participate in the design project. The activities of students were carried out in the class titled in Japanese “Sogo Project” (Overall Project). The project is experimental learning based on pedagogical case studies that students propose practical designs with a sustainable approach. Findings According to the activities and attitudes of the student team, they showed interest in focusing on sustainable consumption and consequently leant towards a socio-cultural rather than a technological eco-design approach in their works. The barriers to design education for sustainable design were found, and the student team expressed that the available support tool during their design process was complex. They also expressed that the tool was not compatible with their academic skills and background. Research limitations/implications This paper has limited participants, resources, time and contextual scale. Few Japanese educators are skilled in eco-design, and eco-design modules are also poorly integrated into undergraduate and graduate industrial-design courses at Japanese universities. Originality/value The paper contributes to an initial discussion in the field of Japanese industrial-design education regarding the principles of and barriers to design education for sustainability.
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Wilson, Elizabeth. "Glamour: Fashion + Industrial Design + Architecture by Joseph Rosa, Phil Patton, Virginia Postrel and Valerie Steele (eds)." Fashion Theory 11, no. 2-3 (June 2007): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/136270407x202943.
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Giustino, Cathleen M. "Industrial Design and the Czechoslovak Pavilion at EXPO ’58: Artistic Autonomy, Party Control and Cold War Common Ground." Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 185–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411422371.
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The socialist industrial designs displayed in Czechoslovakia’s EXPO ’58 pavilion spoke a visual language understood on both sides of the Iron Curtain, making the pavilion a site of common ground between East and West. The showcase was also a point of convergence between Czechoslovak visual artists and Communist Party authorities who engaged in complex political negotiations in the years after Stalin’s death. Visual artists vied for liberation from socialist realism’s constraints, although they kept their demands within limits to avoid risking Party backlash. Communist Party leaders wanted domestic stability and saw improving the living standard as a tactic for insuring popular support. They increasingly perceived industrial design to be a visual-arts activity with special promise. Well-designed furniture, textiles, glass, ceramics and other consumer goods could generate state income useful for raising the living standard at home and earning hard currency abroad. The Party needed the designers’ cooperation to achieve efficient, attractive production within the command economy. In the Brussels showcase communist authorities compromised with visual artists helping to insure the latter’s support and success, demonstrating that culture in postwar Czechoslovakia was not merely imposed ‘from above’ by omnipotent authorities but could be the outcome of multidirectional negotiations between various competing interests.
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Rosado, A. C., J. M. Aladro-Prieto, and M. T. Pérez-Cano. "WINE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND VERNACULAR TYPOLOGIES IN SOUTH-WESTERN IBERIA: THREE CASE STUDIES IN ALENTEJO AND ANDALUSIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-87-2020.
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Abstract. In the Mediterranean scenery of the south-western Iberian Peninsula, vineyards and wine-making have consistently been key pieces of the man-made cultural landscape, influencing urban design and even housing. This paper compares wine production influence in the cities of Borba, in Portuguese Alentejo, Jerez de la Frontera and Bollullos Par del Condado, in Spanish Andalusia, throughout the spheres of territorial organization, urban layout, presence of production buildings inside urban areas, and winemaker and wineworker housing. The study is based on architectonic surveys of building types: wineries, dwellings and houses with integrated wine production on both sides of the Guadiana River. The information gathered in surveys is complemented with data from historical documents, such as transaction records from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The research analyses cycles of prosperity for the three case studies – which are often coincident and related, within the frame of pre-industrial global trade – and the effects of those in winery and housing typologies. Across the studied area, vernacular winery types adhere to the same two categories, or typological lines, of building: the domestic winery and the autonomous building. Wine related architecture is still a key asset in these cities' material and cultural heritage, as it provides scale and uniqueness to the urban and rural ensembles, despite the fact that wine production has been removed from cities’ centres to outer industrial wineries. The memory of wine-induced prosperity is imprinted on the cities’ physical realities, giving meaning to their collective memories and proving to be an asset to future development.
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Mattone, Manuela. "Wooden Boards Arches Roofs in Late Nineteenth-Century Industrial Architecture: Conservation Problems." Advanced Materials Research 778 (September 2013): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.778.128.
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The maintenance and preservation of wooden structures which are a significant part of historical building heritage requires suitable knowledge of both the material on which intervention is intended and the construction techniques used to build it. Understanding its structural design, characteristics, and construction specificities is crucial in order to correctly safeguard this aesthetical/cultural heritage of knowledge and values which in some cases has, unfortunately, been irremediably lost.The present contribution will analyse several examples of wooden structures built using the system invented by Philibert de lOrme in 1561. The case studies, all cited in the Nouvelles Inventions pour bien bâtir à petits frais, illustrate the different ways in which the construction system proposed by de lOrme can be used.
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Bacciaglia, Antonio, Alessandro Ceruti, and Alfredo Liverani. "A design of experiment approach to 3D-printed mouthpieces sound analysis." Progress in Additive Manufacturing 6, no. 3 (April 24, 2021): 571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40964-021-00183-5.
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AbstractNowadays additive manufacturing is affected by a rapid expansion of possible applications. It is defined as a set of technologies that allow the production of components from 3D digital models in a short time by adding material layer by layer. It shows enormous potential to support wind musical instruments manufacturing because the design of complex shapes could produce unexplored and unconventional sounds, together with external customization capabilities. The change in the production process, material and shape could affect the resulting sound. This work aims to compare the music performances of 3D-printed trombone mouthpieces using both Fused Deposition Modelling and Stereolithography techniques, compared to the commercial brass one. The quantitative comparison is made applying a Design of Experiment methodology, to detect the main additive manufacturing parameters that affect the sound quality. Digital audio processing techniques, such as spectral analysis, cross-correlation and psychoacoustic analysis in terms of loudness, roughness and fluctuation strength have been applied to evaluate sounds. The methodology herein applied could be used as a standard for future studies on additively manufactured musical instruments.
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Upadhyay, Dakshadhwari, Rashmi Ahmed, and Manjit Boruah. "Dietary risk factors of non-communicable diseases among industrial common workers: a cross-sectional study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3428. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193466.
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Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and morbidity throughout the world. Unhealthy diet is a risk factor for NCDs. There is a lack of studies on the prevalence of dietary risk factors among the industrial population in India particularly in North East India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among industrial workers of a major industry in Assam. The sample size was 330 considering a prevalence of 50% and 95% confidence interval, and a design effect of 1.5. Data was collected using methods described in WHO STEPS instrument v3.1.Results: A total of 318 subjects consented to participate in the study. Consumption of less than 5 servings of fruit and/or vegetables on average per day was observed in majority 98.4% of the study participants. In a typical week, fruits and vegetables were consumed on 2.99 and 6.89 days respectively. Mean number of servings of fruit consumed on average per day was 0.5 and for vegetables were 2.33.46 (14.5%) of the study participants added extra salt always or often to their food before eating or while eating. 132 (41.5%) of the study participants always or often ate processed foods high in salt.Conclusions: Inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables was observed in 98.4% of industrial workers included in the study. Increasing awareness among this population about adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables to prevent NCDs is necessary.
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Lindkvist Haziri, Sundin, and Sakao. "Feedback from Remanufacturing: Its Unexploited Potential to Improve Future Product Design." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 25, 2019): 4037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154037.
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Company interest and research in the circular economy and remanufacturing have increased as a means of reducing negative environmental impacts. Remanufacturing is an industrial process whereby used products are returned to a state of like-new. However, few products are designed for remanufacturing, and further research and industrial efforts are needed to facilitate more widespread use of design for remanufacturing. One crucial factor facilitating design for remanufacturing is the integration of feedback in the product design process. Thus, the objective of this paper is to analyse feedback flows from remanufacturing to product design. Hence, a literature study and multiple case studies were conducted at three companies that design, manufacture and remanufacture different kinds of products. The cross-case analysis revealed the five barriers of the lack of internal awareness, lack of knowledge, lack of incentives, lack of feedback channels and non-supportive organisational structures, and the five enablers of business opportunities, integrated design processes, customers’ demand, laws, regulations and standards, and new technologies. To establish improved feedback from remanufacturing to product design, the barriers need to be addressed and the enablers explored. Thus, improved feedback from remanufacturing to product design will improve the design of future products suited for a more circular economy.
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Lindberg, Malin, Åsa Wikberg Nilsson, Eugenia Segerstedt, Erik Hidman, Kristina L. Nilsson, Helena Karlberg, and Johanna Balogh. "Co-creative place innovation in an arctic town." Journal of Place Management and Development 13, no. 4 (May 28, 2020): 447–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-02-2019-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light on co-creative approaches for place innovation in an Arctic town, based on the relocation of Kiruna’s city center in northern Sweden. Three cases of co-creative innovation processes in Kiruna are investigated and compared: an R&D project about local perceptions and visions of attractive urban environments; an R&D project about norm-creative design principles for inclusive and attractive urban design; and an R&D project about cross-industrial synergies for city center attractiveness. Design/methodology/approach The study’s research design encompasses a comparative and participatory approach. The comparative approach implies investigation and comparison of three cases of co-creative innovation processes in Kiruna. The participatory approach implies joint development of new knowledge by researchers and local actors. The data consists of participatory observations of workshops and qualitative interviews with local actors. Findings The study reveals that the studied processes have harnessed the city center relocation as an opportunity to make Kiruna more attractive to residents and visitors, by using the co-creative approaches of Living Lab, Now-Wow-How and Norm-creative design. These approaches have enabled experts and local actors to jointly identify excluding patterns and norms in the relocation process and to envision inclusive and attractive (re-)configurations and (re-)conceptualizations of the future Kiruna. Research limitations/implications The results add to the academic strand of inclusive urban transformation, by providing insights into co-creative approaches for re-imagining an Arctic town in times of industrial and social change. New insights are provided regarding how the geographical, industrial and cultural identity of an Arctic town can be harnessed to envision new configuration, content and communication that is attractive and accessible for a diversity of residents and visitors. Practical implications The results highlight the potential to harness Arctic and rural characteristics in the promotion of urban attractiveness and public well-being, especially when combined with co-creative identification and transformation of excluding norms and patterns. Originality/value The results provide new insights into how co-creative approaches may facilitate innovative and inclusive renewal of towns and cities in the Arctic and beyond.
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Hilton, Matthew. "Review: Paul Betts, The Authority of Everyday Objects: A Cultural History of West German Industrial Design, University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, 2004; 361 pp., 51 illus.; 0520240049, $50/£29.95 (hbk)." European History Quarterly 38, no. 1 (January 2008): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914080380010406.
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Oliveira, Fernando Nascimento, and Myrian Petrassi. "Do financial crises erode potential output? A cross-country analysis of industrial and emerging economies." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-02-2017-0036.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze empirically if financial crises have decreased potential output for a selected group of economies. Design/methodology/approach The authors estimate different country-specific stylized Phillips curves to verify if inflationary pressures were stronger on the recovery periods after financial crises, relative to the recovery periods after recessions. Findings The results, in general, do not show any clear empirical evidence that financial crises erode potential output. Moreover, there are no apparent differences in terms of the effects of financial crises over potential output between emerging and industrial economies. Research limitations/implications This paper sheds light on the widely debated issue of whether financial crises constitute adverse supply shocks that lead to impairment in an economy’s productive potential. In interpreting the results, the authors must first recognize that all of them are based on the reduced-form relationships. Thus, they are about correlations and not necessarily about true structural relationships. Practical implications The study is very important for policy makers and specially Central Banks worldwide. Social implications The loss of potential output is a very serious economic and social phenomenon. This paper sheds light on the debate if financial crisis lead to losses of potential output. Originality/value The paper is original in using more Phillips curves and because it studies also the behavior of emerging economies.
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Gershman, Mikhail, Thomas Wolfgang Thurner, and Milita Chudaeva. "Industrial design for economic growth: Russia’s efforts to improve its manufacturing sector." Creative Industries Journal 13, no. 3 (January 3, 2020): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2019.1707520.
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Jaaron, Ayham A. M., and Chris Backhouse. "A systems approach for forward and reverse logistics design." International Journal of Logistics Management 27, no. 3 (November 14, 2016): 947–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-07-2015-0118.
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Purpose There is significant potential for adding value by involving customer in the design process and delivery of logistic services. In order to add value to the overall logistic system, the purpose of this paper is to apply an integrated systems approach for the design of forward and reverse logistics services in order to build a self-organising service that can maximise efficiencies and in particular reduce reverse logistics costs. Design/methodology/approach Two exploratory case studies were conducted in the logistics systems of housing repair and maintenance sector in the UK. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations, and documented evidence. Findings The findings of the cross-case analysis suggests that systems approach expressed as the Vanguard Method (Seddon, 2008) has a direct impact on enhancing forward logistics performance and reducing reverse product flows by nourishing three dimensions for learning from demand-driven analysis; capturing customer clean information, demand predictability and categorisation, and failure demand analysis. Research limitations/implications Findings from exploratory case studies cannot be easily generalised. Hence, further case studies are needed to enrich the findings, and to facilitate their industrial applications. Further, the paper explores the utilisation of the Vanguard Method only in the area of housing repairs and maintenance logistics services. It would be valuable for future studies to further investigate the utilisation of the Vanguard Method in other logistics services settings. Originality/value The paper demonstrates an important dynamics of how logistics services can incorporate customer demands into the logistics design process.
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Cao, Jun, and Ye Lin. "Sustainable City Growth New Models for the Post-Industrial City." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2778.
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This paper reports on research in the area of Green Urbanism and new models for urban growth and neighborhoods, as cities need to transform from a fossil-based model to a model based on sustainable energy sources. The paper deals with cross-cutting issues in architecture, landscape architecture and urban design and addresses the question of how we can best cohesively integrate all aspects of energy systems, transport systems, waste and water management, passive and active strategies, natural ventilation and so on, into contemporary urban design of Eco-Cities with an improved environmental performance of cities. This text reflects upon practical strategies focused on increasing sustainability beyond and within the scope of individual buildings and provides a context for a general discourse about the regeneration of the city centre, its transformation to a sustainable model, and discusses how urbanism is affected (and can be expected to be even more affected in future) by the paradigms of ecology. Recent examples for the application of such urban design principles are the two proposals for the Australian city of Newcastle: the City Campus and Port City projects. These case studies illustrate that it is less environmentally damaging to stimulate growth within the established city centre rather than sprawling into new, formerly un-built areas. Three steps from passive building design to active mechanical equipment. The designer needs to take full advantage of basic, passive building strategies first, before adding mechanical active equipment. Motto: More with less. The entire urban metabolism is based on energy supply. However, a new symbiosis between countryside and city is emerging: The century-old tension between rural and urban might finally get resolved, where the city stops to grow at the expense of its rural hinterland.
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Schraeder, Peter J., Steven W. Hook, and Bruce Taylor. "Clarifying the Foreign Aid Puzzle: A Comparison of American, Japanese, French, and Swedish Aid Flows." World Politics 50, no. 2 (January 1998): 294–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887100008121.
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This study explores the donor side of debates revolving around the proper role of foreign assistance as a foreign policy tool, by empirically testing for the aid determinants of four industrial democracies: France, Japan, Sweden, and the United States. A pooled cross-sectional time-series design is employed to assess the impacts of six sets of variables on aidflowsto thirty-six African states during the 1980s. Three sets of these variables—humanitarian need, strategic importance, and economic potential—are constructed using data traditionally employed in empirical foreign aid studies. Three additional sets of variables—cultural similarity, ideological stance, and region—are constructed from data that regional specialists consider to be important in the foreign aid equation. Although no two cases are alike, one can nevertheless draw some tentative conclusions about the nature of the foreign aid regime of the final cold war decade of the 1980s on the basis of several cross-national patterns. In short, the results (1) contradict rhetorical statements of northern policymakers who claim that foreign aid serves as an altruistic foreign policy tool designed to relieve humanitarian suffering; (2) confirm the expected importance of strategic and ideological factors in a foreign aid regime heavily influenced by the cold war; and (3) underscore the importance of economic, particularly trade, interests in northern aid calculations.
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Nas, Emine. "The problematic of tradition and future in art and design education." Contemporary Educational Researches Journal 8, no. 3 (August 24, 2018): 96–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/cerj.v8i3.635.
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In recent years, the traditional motifs and conceptual approach to the apparent authenticity of the design quality is observed that used in many areas. In this way, the tradition established in the future synthesis has led to the formation of a free and original design. This synthesis, design resources training in the artistic development of the individual and provide the best research and questioning the reasons that created them.Thus; new ideas to new situations, new problems have emerged in the need to turn to different events and phenomena. This method and the proliferation of studies aimed at the promotion of Turkish cultural heritage is undoubtedly will be at the forefront of higher quality products.The suggestions of ‘interpreting the traditional designs’ and the comprehension of what is ‘traditional’, which are proposed by some academics and designers are evaluated with a critical approach. The subject is examined within the frame of traditionalist suggestions offered from the time of the Ottomans till today, with the conceptions of the Western science, culture, art and design developed through the period of the Industrial Revolution.
Keywords: Design; Education; Tradition; Problem
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Alizadeh, Zeinab, Hamidreza Roohafza, Awat Feizi, and Nizal Sarrafzadegan. "Association of shift work with depression and anxiety in middle-aged adults: a large cross-sectional study among Iranian industrial manufacturing employees." Journal of Public Mental Health 19, no. 4 (August 12, 2020): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-12-2019-0103.
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Purpose This study aimed to examine the association of shift work with depression and anxiety in a large sample of formal and contractual employees of a mill steel company, Isfahan, Iran. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was performed in 2014 among 3,060 formal and contractual employees of a mill steel company Isfahan, Iran, randomly selected from 16,000 people. Data gathering was done by some validated Iranian version of self-administered questionnaires including, International Physical Activity – Short Form, Effort–Reward Imbalance, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used as the main statistical method. Findings The results showed individuals in the rotating shift compared with day shift had a higher risk of depression (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12–1.84). Whereas after adjustment for various confounders, this relationship was not significant (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.81–1.76). Anxiety was not associated with shift work, both in crude and adjusted models (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.81–1.44) and (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.67–1.19), respectively. Research limitations/implications Owing to the cross-sectional design of this study, cause–effect relationships could not be inferred from our findings. All the data used in the present analysis were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Practical implications Although our findings did not show significant association between shift work and mental health, further studies are suggested for obtaining informative data worldwide in this regard among workforce particularly among industrial employees. Originality/value Few studies have addressed the effects of shift work on mental health among industrial employees worldwide, and there is no study in developing countries.
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Chew, Matthew M. "A Critical Cultural History of Online Games in China, 1995–2015." Games and Culture 14, no. 3 (August 11, 2016): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555412016661457.
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This study critically assesses the Chinese online games industry through problematizing the creativity of Chinese games. I find that between 1995 and 2001, Chinese online games were mostly developed by amateurs, noncommercial, and considerably creative. Between 2002 and 2005, industrial growth allowed some room for local creativity despite commercialization and dominance of imported games. Current scholarly, business, and media discourses unfairly ignore creativity in these first two periods and yet praise the Chinese game industry’s commercial success since the late 2000s. I challenge these discourses by illustrating that between 2006 and early 2009, a new, ethically dubious, and uniquely Chinese business model emerged, became domestically dominant, and quietly and profoundly impacted on global online game design. From mid-2009 to 2015, there is ongoing corporatization based on the dubious Chinese business model on the one hand, and a reemphasis on creativity motivated by browser and mobile game formats on the other.
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Vigh, László Gergely, Gábor Schnierer, Judit Buchmüller, Ákos Pohl, Bence Turányi, László Kiss, Lyne St-Georges, and Louis Dussault. "Conceptual Design of an Aluminium Bridge in Alma, QC." Key Engineering Materials 710 (September 2016): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.710.383.
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The City Council of Alma, Quebec, Canada intends to erect a new footbridge celebrating the 150-year anniversary of the city. Functioning as communal and cultural ground, an island will be built on the 100 m wide River Petite Décharge hosting a pedestrian area with pathways plants and artistic installations, being a symbolic landmark. The bridge has to provide connection between both the river sides and the island. Original and aesthetic design ideas for the bridge structure are searched. In the first phase of our work, preliminary study proposing 10 alternatives for the bridge was completed. The city has been selected three alternatives for further studies: double-arch classic bridge, classic cable stayed bridge with single pylon, artistic/industrial truss bridge with three lane decks. In the second phase of the work, we prepared the general preliminary design calculations, technical drawings, perspective drawings for the three selected versions. Common factor in all variants is the need and intent to apply advanced, state-of-the-art aluminium technology. The paper describes the evolution of the conceptual design of the bridge.
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Muenstermann, Simon, Rainer Telle, Frederik Knauf, and Gerhard Hirt. "Semi-Solid Extrusion of Complex-Shaped Steel Rods Using Ceramic Dies." Solid State Phenomena 141-143 (July 2008): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.141-143.243.
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Isothermal semi-solid extrusion experiments using steel grade X210CrW12 as work material were performed on an industrial forging machine. An improved and up-scaled tool design was applied, based on the concept of self-heating ceramic dies tested in previous laboratory-scale studies and allowing for die preheating temperatures of up to 1400°C. Steel rods of complex cross sectional geometry were formed at low extrusion forces. Shape accuracy of as-formed rods is accurate and metallurgical examination yields no evidence of liquid phase separation. With a view on the intended industrial implementation construction of ceramic tools has to be improved in order to avoid rupture of ceramic parts due to thermo-mechanically induced stresses and to benefit from the advantages inherent to ceramics in metal forming.
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Kanbach, Dominik K., and Stephan Stubner. "Corporate Accelerators As Recent Form Of Startup Engagement: The What, The Why, And The How." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 32, no. 6 (November 2, 2016): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i6.9822.
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An increasing number of established companies have recently started to launch corporate accelerator programs to engage with entrepreneurial startups, making this a worldwide, cross-industrial phenomenon. Nevertheless, there is a lack of understanding of the various objectives and approaches adopted by companies. This article examines 13 in-depth case studies of corporate accelerator programs and is the first to empirically derive and discuss a typology for corporate accelerators, assessing objectives and design configurations. Thereby, the article contributes to the emerging discussion about corporate accelerators in corporate entrepreneurship literature. Moreover, the findings provide corporate managers with an understanding of corporate accelerators and guidance for how to make design choices for startup engagement programs.
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Della Lucia, Maria, and Giovanna Segre. "Intersectoral local development in Italy: the cultural, creative and tourism industries." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 11, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-03-2016-0032.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of intersectoriality within the cultural, creative and tourism industries in Italian local development. Design/methodology/approach The research design builds on the literature on culture-led development and adapts the established body of empirical research on industrial districts to tourism and cultural development. The quantitative analysis of intersectoral specialization and the clustering of cultural, creative and tourism industries in Italian local labour systems (LLSs) combines specialization indexes with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Findings About 50 per cent of Italian LLSs specialize in the economy of culture and tourism, mostly in material culture, although tourism has the highest level of specialization. There are three main patterns of agglomeration and clustering. The largest cluster is that of the cultural heritage and content and information industries, which coincides with the systems of medium-sized and large cities, followed by systems of tourism monoculture. The smallest is made up of material culture, typically made-in-Italy sectors. The tourism and material culture industries are monocultures – where tourism agglomerates, but material culture does not. Research limitations/implications The analytical approach is quantitative and based on Istat’s Industry and Trade (2012) data set. Further studies are needed on the interaction between agglomerated specialized industries. Originality/value This paper contributes to the theoretical and political debate on the value generation and innovation potential of culture and creativity, and bridges the knowledge domains of local development and managerial studies. Novel statistical evidence on intersectoral specialization and the clustering of the cultural, creative and tourism sectors in Italy at the inter-municipal level is provided. This study helps to identify an Italian model of the economy of culture and tourism.
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Castillo, Greg. "Making a Spectacle of Restraint: The Deutschland Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels Exposition." Journal of Contemporary History 47, no. 1 (January 2012): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009411422362.
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The Deutschland pavilion at the 1958 Brussels World’s Fair depicted West Germany not only as culturally and technologically modern but also as the antithesis of socialist East Germany and the disgraced Third Reich. International-style architecture and modernist exhibition design were mobilized as instruments of cultural soft power to convey these multiple messages. Hans Schwippert of the postwar German Werkbund choreographed exhibition design, deploying the miracle economy’s modern consumer culture to celebrate the emergence of a post-Nazi society. Egon Eiermann, aided by Sep Ruf, designed the International-style pavilion, celebrated as the architecture of postwar modernity, but in fact derived from a precedent in Third Reich industrial architecture. As an exercise in cold war soft power, West Germany’s Brussels pavilion celebrated the emergence of a West German consumer citizen, while suppressing the presence of a Third Reich past.
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Neria, Andrés Blancas, and Carlos López-Gómez. "Integración tecnológica y financiera de Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas: hacia una nueva política de industrialización en México." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 30, no. 2 (2014): 522–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2014.30.2.522.
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Este documento analiza algunas de las principales brechas tecnológicas y de financiamiento de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYMES) en México, y discute los retos que estas brechas implican para el diseño de una nueva política nacional de industrialización. Primero, se discute la importancia económica de las PYMES como principales generadoras de empleo en México, y del sector de la manufactura como el impulsor central de la productividad nacional y la innovación tecnológica. En cuanto a las brechas tecnológicas, se hace énfasis en la escasa participación de las PYMES en México en la producción de bienes de capital y la dependencia tecnológica que este hecho supone. Con respecto a las brechas financieras, se discute la situación de vulnerabilidad financiera de las PYMES, lo cual se manifiesta en una alta y creciente proporción de PYMES que no utilizan el crédito bancario en México (más de tres cuartos del total en los últimos años). Tomando en cuenta lo anterior, el artículo enfatiza la necesidad de incorporar, como parte de una nueva política industrial, medidas para fortalecer el ecosistema productivo-financiero nacional. Para ello, el artículo sostiene que es necesario caracterizar las PYMES no sólo en cuanto a la distribución sectorial sino también en cuanto a su posición en la cadena de valor productiva. Asimismo, el artículo plantea la necesidad de una estructura y funcionamiento alternativos de la banca de desarrollo, considerando la factibilidad de una política monetaria dual y de los llamados “Cajones especiales de crédito”. This paper explores some of the main technological and financing gaps faced by SMEs in Mexico, and discusses the implications of such gaps for the design of a new industrial policy. The paper first discusses the economic importance of SMEs in Mexico as the main supporters of employment, and that of the manufacturing industry as the main driver of productivity growth and technological innovation. With regard to technological gaps, the paper emphasizes the scarce participation of Mexicans SMEs in the production of capital goods and the dependency on foreign suppliers that this implies. With regard to financing gaps, the paper presents evidence of the increasing proportion of SMEs that do not access bank loans (over three quarters of the total in recent years). Taking this into account, the paper argues for the need to incorporate, as part of a new industrial policy in Mexico, measures to strengthen the national productive-finance ecosystem. In order to do this, the paper argues for the need to characterize SMEs not only in terms of their sectoral distribution but also in terms of their position in the value chain. Furthermore, the paper argues for the need of an alternative structure and functioning of the country’s development banking system, considering the feasibility of a dual monetary policy and the selective credit mechanisms commonly referred to as “Cajones especiales de crédito”.
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Bohle, Philip, Angela Knox, Jack Noone, Maria Mc Namara, Julia Rafalski, and Michael Quinlan. "Work organisation, bullying and intention to leave in the hospitality industry." Employee Relations 39, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 446–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-07-2016-0149.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine relationships between work organisation, bullying and intention to leave (ITL) in the Australian hospitality industry, using pressure, disorganisation and regulatory failure (PDR) to measure work organisation. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional survey data were collected from 72 workers in Australian accommodation hotels. They were aged 20-65 years (M=38.26, SD=12.60) and 57.1 per cent were female. The proposed path model was tested with the Mplus (v.7) statistical package using Hayes’ (2009) procedure for mediation analysis. Findings There were positive bivariate correlations between all variables. The path model indicated that disorganisation and regulatory failure had direct positive associations with bullying. Financial pressure and bullying had direct positive associations with ITL. Research limitations/implications The small sample may not be representative and the cross-sectional design and self-report data risk common method variance effects and preclude attributions of causality. Future studies should use more representative samples and longitudinal designs to address common method variance issues and facilitate causal inferences. Originality/value Bullying and turnover are significant problems in the hospitality industry, but the contribution of work organisation variables is poorly understood. The present study provides promising preliminary evidence on the potential role of PDR as an antecedent of both bullying and ITL.
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Forino, Imma. "Italian Office Desk." Convergences - Journal of Research and Arts Education 13, no. 25 (August 9, 2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.53681/c1514225187514391s.25.111.
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In Italy the history of modern equipment design has shifted between ‘mass production and one-off’, as architects Gio Ponti and Antonio Fornaroli wrote in an article in the magazine Domus (1948). Starting from this important reflection by the two Italian architects, the article takes into consideration the case study of office furniture.The aim of the article is to identify the cultural landscape of Italian design during the twentieth century, taking into consideration the example of the office desk as fil rouge of the history of design in Italy.The methodology adopted is deductive: starting from the selection of some case studies (desks designed for some elitist furnishings or, vice versa, for serial reproduction) and in relation to the architectural and cultural context in which they were created, some key concepts are deduced in order to understand the progressive adherence of Italian architects to the idea of modernity, and then to the massification of industrial design. New materials and ancient ‘know-how’ have merged into projects that have distinguished the history of design in Italy as original.The conclusion highlights how in the history of Italian office furniture as a multi-faceted history, where elite furniture can become a democratic product, until it becomes part of the contemporary office.
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Maltz, Diana. "LIVING BY DESIGN: C. R. ASHBEE'S GUILD OF HANDICRAFT AND TWO ENGLISH TOLSTOYAN COMMUNITIES, 1897–1907." Victorian Literature and Culture 39, no. 2 (May 18, 2011): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150311000064.
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Shortly before C. R. Ashbee transplanted a hundred and fifty Cockneys to Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire, in 1902 to form a utopian arts-and-crafts community, two other back-to-the-land settlements were also established, one located outside the market town of Stroud, a mere bicycle ride away from Ashbee and his guild. These Tolstoyan colonies – Purleigh, founded in 1896 in Essex, and Whiteway, founded in 1898 in the Cotswolds – fostered goals of fellowship and the simplification of life, as had been modeled by Henry Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Walt Whitman in the United States and Edward Carpenter in Britain. Yet, whereas Ashbee was inspired by the model of William Morris and nostalgia for a pre-industrial England, English Tolstoyans looked not to craft, but to a less Aesthetic “bread labor” as a respite from modernity's corruption. Visiting Whiteway in 1904, Ashbee observed the Tolstoyans’ struggles to live off the land and commented, “they hold the other end of the stick we are ourselves shaping at Campden” (qtd. in MacCarthy 100). As his metaphor implied, both groups shared utopian aspirations, but Whiteway's settlers had sought the perfection of life from another vantage point and through other means. Ashbee regarded the austerity of their lives with distance and, as we will see, even with some distaste. Nevertheless, some features of the guildsmen's lifestyle at Chipping Campden mirrored those at Whiteway. This essay uses memoirs and fictions by C. R. Ashbee, his spouse, Janet Ashbee, and the Tolstoyans to disentangle the threads of “Aestheticism” and “simplification,” and to mark places of their conflation.
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Tu, Yi, and Yu Zeng. "Comparative Study on Thermos-Hydraulic Performance of Different Cross Section Shapes of Microchannels with Supercritical CO2 Fluid." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (August 5, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5525235.
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The influence of the cross section shape of microchannels on the thermos-hydraulic performance of the supercritical CO2 fluid is an important issue in the design of industrial compact heat exchangers, but few studies have been conducted about this issue. In this paper, comparative studies of the flow and heat transfer performance of SCO2 fluid in horizontal microchannels with circular, semicircular, rectangle, and trapezoidal cross sections were conducted numerically. The comparison is based on the same hydraulic diameter and length for all channel types and is carried out under the same mass flux, outlet pressure, and wall heat flux. The fluid bulk temperature in this analysis ranges from 285 K to 375 K, which covers the pseudocritical point of SCO2. The results show that the circular channel has the highest average heat convection coefficient, while the trapezoidal channel has the worst convective heat transfer performance under the same hydraulic diameter and boundary conditions. The results also indicate that the effect of cross section shape on the heat convection coefficient is significantly greater than that on the channel pressure drop, and the existence of the corner region in the cross section, especially the acute angle, will weaken the heat transfer performance.
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Siu, Ming Fung Francis. "Resource budget for workface planning in industrial-construction." Facilities 37, no. 5/6 (April 1, 2019): 292–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-04-2018-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a novel analytical approach for workface planning practice in industrial-construction sector such that the construction work package (CWP) resource budget can be sufficiently planned for delivering possible field installation work package (FIWP) schedules with work uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach The relationship between CWP resource budget and FIWP schedules is first elucidated based on workface planning practice. The literature of work packaging, workface planning and project scheduling is reviewed. A novel analytical approach is then developed to quantify CWP resource budget based on a probability theory, in consideration of the probability of occurrence of feasible FIWP schedules formulated based on a resource scheduling approach. The results of case studies given by the new approach are cross validated by using simulation and optimization techniques. Findings The new analytical approach can assist workface planning by quantifying the expected CWP resource budget to deliver the FIWP work scope with certain activities that are planned at project level and with uncertain activities that are found at workface level. Practical implications The new analytical approach helps project and workface planners to reliably deploy CWP resource budget for delivering FIWP schedules instead of guessing the budget based on experience. An industrial-construction project for upgrading oil-sands refinery facility is used to show the practical implications. Originality/value This research develops a new analytical approach for workface planning practice to determine sufficient CWP resource budget for delivering feasible FIWP schedules with work uncertainty.
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Roemer, Ellen. "A tutorial on the use of PLS path modeling in longitudinal studies." Industrial Management & Data Systems 116, no. 9 (October 17, 2016): 1901–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-07-2015-0317.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic overview with guidelines how to use partial least squares (PLS) path modeling in longitudinal studies. Practical examples from a study of the acceptance of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in corporate fleets are used for demonstration purposes. Design/methodology/approach In this study, data at three points in time were collected: before the initial use of a BEV, after three and after six months of extensive usage of BEVs. Findings Three different models are identified depending on the research objective and on the data basis. Multigroup analyses are suggested to test the difference between the path coefficients of latent variables at different points in time. Limitations for the use of repeated cross-sectional data have to be observed. Originality/value Academics and practitioners will benefit from this paper by receiving an overview of the different PLS path models in longitudinal studies. A decision-tree enables them to make a choice regarding the most appropriate model and suggests a sequence of complementary analyses. So far, there is a lack of a tutorial type paper delivering such guidance.