Books: 'Design Ideology'

1

Leppänen, Helena, writer of added text, editor, ed. Ideology / form / material: The collections of Design Museum Helsinki. Helsinki: Design Museum, 2013.

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2

Shahriari, Setara. Bill Viola's ideology of time awareness: is it successful?: MA Communication Design 2002. London: Central Saint Martins College of Art & Design, 2000.

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3

Rosen, Sue. Men at work: Penal ideology and nation building on the Great Western Road. Epping, N.S.W: Heritage Assessment and History, 2006.

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4

Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica v Ljubljani, ed. Ideology of nation in the graphic design of personal documents: Slovenia and some European states. Ljubljana, Slovenia: Narodna in univerzitetna knijžnica, 2007.

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5

London College of Printing and Distributive Trades. BA MPD Art and Design History dissertation 1992: What is the new role of the Victoria and Albert Museum in todays society and does it continue to uphold the ideology estblished by its founding fathers. London: LCPDT, 1992.

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6

Bodt, Saskia de. Prentenboeken: Ideologie en illustratie, 1890-1950. Amsterdam: Ludion, 2003.

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7

Zeri, Federico. I francobolli italiani: Grafica e ideologia dalle origini al 1948. Genova: Il melangolo, 1993.

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8

Cielo, Quiñones Aguilar Ana, ed. Diseño socialmente responsable: Ideología y participación. Bogotá, D.C: Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Arquitectura y Diseño, 2009.

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9

Girgus, Sam B. Desire and the political unconscious in American literature: Eros and ideology. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1990.

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10

Girgus, Sam B. Desire and the political unconscious in American literature: Eros and ideology. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.

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11

Ideology and desire in Renaissance poetry: The subject of Donne. Detroit, Mich: Wayne State University Press, 1997.

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12

A self-made surrealist: Ideology and aesthetics in the work of Henry Miller. [Columbia, SC]: Camden House, 2000.

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13

Corsi, Daniele, and Cèlia Nadal Pasqual. Studi Iberici. Dialoghi dall’Italia. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-505-6.

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Iberian Studies have developed in the last quarter of a century to the point of making one speak of a real Iberian Turn. Starting from the rejection of the classic scheme that places the two states (Portugal and Spain) as privileged agents of the representation of the Iberian space, the proposal of the Iberian Studies is to work on the system of historical exchanges and interferences that have shaped the cultural fabric of the peninsula, investigating both the points of connection as much as those of the fracture between its different realities (such as the Basque, Catalan and Galician ones, as well as the Castilian and Lusitanian ones). Accompanied by a “Reasoned Bibliography on Iberian Studies and Iberian Studies from Italy”, this volume examines the state of the art, with particular attention to the Italian context, in which these researches show a still unequal rooting and diffusion. A first section, dedicated to a general framework of the discipline and the exposition of theoretical issues and method problems, is followed by a second that presents critical contributions that address individual case studies. Born in part as a reaction to the so-called “crisis of Hispanism”, Iberian Studies offer themselves as an alternative to the traditional model of peninsular Hispanism, to its uninational and monolingual paradigm. They also place the emphasis on diversity and the relational aspect, looking with suspicion at every hegemonic design aimed at establishing a “centre” within a heterogeneous cultural landscape. Attentive to the phenomena of immigration and linguistic minorities, to the colonial past and relations with the Latin American world, but also to the themes of comparativism, translation, theory and the rethinking of criticism, Iberian Studies are a field in which not only debates about literature and the arts are included, but also about ideology.

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14

Desire and the political unconscious in American literature. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990.

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15

The Responsible Object: A History of Design Ideology for the Future. Amsterdam: Valiz, 2016.

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16

Joachim, Wolschke-Bulmahn, and Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium on the History of Landscape Architecture (18th : 1995), eds. Nature and ideology: Natural garden design in the twentieth century. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1997.

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17

Voeten, Erik. Ideology and International Institutions. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691207322.001.0001.

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Today's liberal international institutional order is being challenged by the rising power of illiberal states and by domestic political changes inside liberal states. Against such a backdrop, this book offers a broader understanding of international institutions by arguing that the politics of multilateralism has always been based on ideology and ideological divisions. The book develops new theories and measures to make sense of past and current challenges to multilateral institutions. It presents a straightforward theoretical framework that analyzes multilateral institutions as attempts by states to shift the policies of others toward their preferred ideological positions. It then measures how states have positioned themselves in global ideological conflicts during the past seventy-five years. Empirical chapters illustrate how ideological struggles shape the design of international institutions, membership in international institutions, and the critical role of multilateral institutions in militarized conflicts. The book also examines populism's rise and other ideological threats to the liberal international order. It explores the essential ways in which ideological contestation has influenced world politics.

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18

Berliner, Todd. Genre and Ideology in Starship Troopers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658748.003.0009.

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Whereas chapter 8 demonstrates how ideology can complicate a film’s artistic design, chapter 9 shows how a film’s artistic design can complicate its ideology. Starship Troopers illustrates the commercial risks, and the aesthetic excitement, of a Hollywood film whose formal properties muddle up its ideological content. The film’s unconventional use of genre devices leads to ideological complexities that pose challenges for spectators trying to make sense of the film’s form and meaning. Starship Troopers employs the conventions of the Hollywood war film and the war film satire in ways that make the film’s worldview incoherent. The film’s mercurial form limited its success in a mass market but exhilarated cult audiences engaged by the film’s unusual design.

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19

Griselda, Pollock, and Rozsika Parker. Old Mistresses: Women, Art and Ideology. Pandora Press, 1991.

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20

Eaton, Kent. Territory and Ideology in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800576.001.0001.

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Around the world, familiar ideological conflicts over the market are becoming increasingly territorialized in the form of policy conflicts between national and subnational governments. Thanks to a series of trends such as globalization, democratization, and especially decentralization, subnational governments are now in a position more effectively to challenge the ideological orientation of the national government. This book conceptualizes these challenges as operating in two related but distinct modes. The first stems from elected subnational officials who use their authority, resources, and legitimacy to design, implement, and defend subnational policy regimes that deviate ideologically from national policy regimes. The second occurs when these same officials use their authority, resources, and legitimacy to question, oppose, and alter the ideological content of national policy regimes. The book focuses on three similarly situated countries in Latin America where these two types of policy challenges met different fates; neither challenge succeeded in Peru, both succeeded in Bolivia, and Ecuador experienced an intermediate outcome marked by the success of the first type of challenge (that is, the defense of a deviant, neoliberal subnational policy regime) and the failure of the second (that is, the inability to alter a statist national policy regime). Derived from the in-depth study of these outcomes, the book’s theoretical argument emphasizes three causal variables: (1) the structural significance of the territory over which subnational elected officials preside, (2) the level of institutional capacity they can harness, and (3) the strength of the societal coalitions they can build both within and across subnational jurisdictions.

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21

Wolschke-Bulmahn, Joachim. Nature and Ideology: Nature and Garden Design in the Twentieth Century (Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium Series in the History of Landscape Architecture). Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1997.

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22

Dharmapala, K. A. E., G. K. Upawansa, S. R. Attanayake, and D. J. McConnell. The Forest Farms of Kandy: And Other Gardens of Complete Design (Ashgate Studies in Environmental Policy and Practice). Ashgate Publishing, 2003.

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23

Choon, Ban Kah, and Songsri Soranastaporn. Designs on the Language: English, Communication and Ideology in Thailand. Times Academic Press,Singapore, 2006.

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24

Dell, Christopher, and Ton Matton. Improvisation Technology as Mode of Redesigning the Urban. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.21.

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This chapter elaborates on the notion of improvisation in urban design from a specific perspective, not as an informal, non-planning endeavor but as a way to re-use planning from a Situationist perspective. Design modulates to redesign. The aim is not to follow the ideology of creativity and its teleological imperative of creating something new but to work constructively with the “as found” in community to reassemble and draw relationships between actors and actants. Representational modes of design unveil their structural potential from an improvisational perspective: from a non-altering identity form to a performative (re)presentation of structure and relationship as open notation. The city is to be read as a performative process in which we all take part, whether we want to or not—externalization is over! It is about finding ways to internalize spatial relations, make them public, and act from there.

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25

1935-, Lasker G. E., International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics., and International Conference on Systems Research, Informatics, and Cybernetics. (10th : 1998 : Baden-Baden, Germany), eds. Advances in sociocybernetics and human development: Culture of peace: design issues, peace, autonomy and freedom, contemporary effect of ideology on life & culture, art and consumption: commercial aspects, promises of information society, cyberspace technologies, geomantic design in a virtual reality environment, global information sharing, creating a sense of place for global culture, developing kind and caring behaviour in children. Windsor, Ont: International Institute for Advanced Studies in Systems Research and Cybernetics, 1998.

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26

Adamthwaite, Anthony. ‘A Low Dishonest Decade’? Edited by Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.12.

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This analysis of the origins of the Second World War in Europe challenges several key ideas of the historiography: the ‘thirty years war’ thesis, the notion of a European civil war, and the stereotyping of the 1930s as a seemingly unstoppable rush to war after the internationalism of the 1920s. There was no sharp contrast between decades—the period only makes sense as a whole. Churchill’s ‘unnecessary war’ was preventable. Alternatives to appeasement existed. Though the study of war origins starts with Hitler, his policies were decisively shaped by the actions of others and the instability of an international system, heavily impacted by the Great Depression and ideology. Miscalculation rather than design explains the war of 1939. The outbreak of war should not obscure the significance of the 1930s as a laboratory for ideas and institutions that came to fruition after 1945 and which continue to shape international society.

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27

Pauly, Louis W. The Anarchical Society and a Global Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779605.003.0011.

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If Hedley Bull came back today and revised his most famous book, he would likely devote a chapter to the economic forces that transformed our world during the past four decades. Among other systemic changes, the radical unleashing of finance and the partial return of a pre-1914 economic ideology justifying open and integrating capital markets might surprise an advocate of the virtues of the states system. But by following Bull’s reasoning, his model of empirical observation, and his underlying moral sensibilities—as well as suggestions from his constructive critics—this essay traces the emergence since the late 1970s of a variegated global capacity to assess systemic financial risks, design collaborative policies to prevent systemic crises, and manage them when they nevertheless occur. The challenge of deeply legitimating that nuanced and complex capacity remains, which, as Bull anticipated, means that considerations of justice must soon be addressed.

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28

Corrales, Javier. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868895.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces the book’s two central puzzles: what explains Latin America’s obsession with fixing democracy via constituent assemblies, and what explains variations in outcomes of constituent assemblies? It introduces the key argument: power asymmetries between Incumbents and Opposition forces—in the form of variations in the relative strength of the Incumbent vis-à-vis the Opposition, more so than other factors such as economics, ideology, or partisanship—lead to constitutions that offer weaker checks and balances. Power asymmetries, the book argues, influence to some extent the incidence of constitutional change and to a large extent the content of resulting constitutions. The book illustrates these points by examining twenty-four constitutional moments in Latin America since the 1980s, including eleven drafted new constitutions and thirteen aborted constituent assemblies. Finally, this chapter offers a justification for the book’s case selection and explains the research design pursued therein.

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29

Rudmin, Floyd, Bo Wang, and Joaquim de Castro. Acculturation Research Critiques and Alternative Research Designs. Edited by Seth J. Schwartz and Jennifer Unger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190215217.013.4.

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Dictionary definitions concur that “acculturation” means second-culture acquisition, but “acculturation” began as a Eurocentric concept that inferior peoples improve themselves by imitating superior peoples. Shadows of this persist despite the acceleration of acculturation research from nine studies per decade in the 1920s to the current rate of more than 6000 per decade. Reviews of this research have noted confused findings and lack of utility. Critics either (1) advocate for qualitative methods because culture, identity, and human experience are too complex for psychometric methods, or (2) recommend new models and new forms of quantitative analysis, or (3) fault research for poor social science practices. Rudmin (2006) has argued that academics’ shared liberal ideology causes collective confirmation bias that shapes research to promote advocacy of bicultural integration. Many future research designs and projects are proposed, including emic studies of rural-urban migration in China and the development of single-case measures of acculturative competence.

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30

Connolly, William E. Then and Now: Participant‐Observation in Political Theory. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0045.

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This article examines changes in the study of participant-observation in the field of political theory. It explains that in the early 1960s, political theory was widely considered as a moribund enterprise. Empiricists were pushing a new science of politics, designed to replace the options of constitutional interpretation, impressionistic theory, and traditionalism. But by the mid-1960s the end of ideology screeched to a halt because of growing outrage about the Vietnam War, worries among college students about the draft, and the emergence of a civil rights movement. The academic study of political theory was revived and a series of studies emerged to challenge the fact-value dichotomy, the difference between science and ideology, and the public roles of academics.

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31

Berliner, Todd. Hollywood Aesthetic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658748.001.0001.

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Hollywood makes the most widely successful pleasure-giving artworks the world has ever known. The American film industry operates under the assumption that pleasurable aesthetic experiences, among large populations, translate into box office success. More than any other historical mode of art, Hollywood has systematized the delivery of aesthetic pleasure, packaging and selling it on a mass scale. If the Hollywood film industry succeeds in delivering aesthetic pleasure both routinely and, at times, in an outstanding way, then we should ultimately regard Hollywood cinema as an artistic achievement, not merely a commercial success. Hollywood Aesthetic accounts for the chief attraction of Hollywood cinema worldwide: its entertainment value. The book addresses four fundamental components of Hollywood’s aesthetic design: narrative, style, ideology, and genre. Grounded in film history and in the psychological and philosophical literature in aesthetics, the book explains: (1) the intrinsic properties characteristic of Hollywood cinema that induce aesthetic pleasure; (2) the cognitive and affective processes, sparked by Hollywood movies, that become engaged during aesthetic pleasure; and (3) the exhilarated aesthetic experiences afforded by an array of persistently entertaining Hollywood movies. Offering a comprehensive appraisal of the capacity of Hollywood cinema to provide aesthetic pleasure, the book sets out to explain how Hollywood creates, for masses of people, some of their most exhilarating experiences of art.

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32

Hutson, Lorna. Introduction. Edited by Lorna Hutson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.013.50.

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The Handbook’s Sections divide contents thematically, with chapters by historians, literary critics, and legal historians. Analyses of literary and dramatic works are integrated into accounts of shifts in legal thought. Section I challenges commonplaces about legal and literary learning in the Inns, and Section II revises accounts of the lawyers’ professional identity and politics. Section III surveys the historiography of local government and considers how history plays elicit the audience’s desire for legal and administrative reform. Section IV engages with the extent to which spiritual life eludes jurisdiction. Section V focuses on how legal developments are registered in works of the imagination. Section VI considers how legal and regulatory practices inform interpretation of the politics of censorship and prosecutions for libel. Section VII concerns the emerging ideology of English common law. Section VIII examines literary dimensions of common law ideology relating to colonization of Ireland and America, to England’s title to Scotland, to the rise of international law, and to the legal rights of American colonial emigrants.

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33

Jaroszyńska-Kirchmann, Anna D. The Price of Independence. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039096.003.0003.

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This chapter introduces the American Polonia and its press, and situates Ameryka-Echo within its context, as Paryski struggles to defend his independence among various political and ideological interests and clashes with the Roman Catholic Church. It argues that the desire to keep his newspaper independent during the period of polarization and internal strife with American Polonia was never the sole reason for Paryski's anti-clerical stance. Paryski also rooted his independent belief in the Polish Positivist ideology, which remained close to his heart throughout his life, and manifested itself in his sympathy toward the populist ideology of the Polish National Catholic Church. Moreover, choices in his personal life permanently put him outside the Roman Catholic church, with no option for return. As a consequence, Ameryka-Echo became a beacon of anti-clericalism as well as religious tolerance, forming an open forum for a chorus of diverse voices from among American Polonia.

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34

Weisband, Edward. From Collective Violence to Human Violation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677886.003.0002.

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This chapter argues that the psychodynamics of desire contribute to the transformation of “ordinary” individuals into those who directly and indirectly support or engage in genocide, mass atrocity, and their performative dramaturgies. The chapter describes the practices of the macabresque in terms of noir ecstasy and the psychodynamics of obscene surplus enjoyment in the transgressive theaters of human violation. Comparative depictions of the macabresque in the Guatemalan, Chilean, Sri Lankan, Congolese, Darfurian, and other cases are framed by Lacanian psychosocial theory and concepts focused on ideology, fantasy, and personality that analytically transitions from festivality and the carnivalesque to the macabresque. Human violation and the desire for absolute power drive perpetrator behavior in ways that normalize their anti-normative or anomic hatred and enemy-making relative to victims’ fixed, fixated, and frozen identitarian categories that become naturalized, and often racialized. Victims suffer racialization by means of forced displacement. This produces spatialized “islands” of demonization.

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35

Priel, Dan. Not All Law Is an Artifact. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821977.003.0012.

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A currently popular view is that law is an artifact. The central aim of this chapter is to demonstrate that this view is not a neutral description of what law is, but is the product of a particular ideology. As such, it is not a description of what law is wherever it is found, but a normative account that sees law as a consciously designed tool for the improvement of human life. This view is in direct conflict with an alternative view that sees law not as an artifact, but as a local tradition, reflecting existing values. The chapter further argues that the latter understanding of law fits the common law better than the competing view.

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36

Shepherd-Barr, Kirsten E. 3. Metatheatre and modernity. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199658770.003.0004.

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The period 1920–40 saw the flowering of high modernism, involving radical innovation and experimentation across literature and the arts including the theatre. Dramatists in these decades stretched audiences’ expectations and imaginations as never before, and introduced ever more daring subject matter and characterization. ‘Metatheatre and modernity’ discusses some of the key figures in modern drama, including Bertolt Brecht and Luigi Pirandello. Both playwrights wanted to provoke their audiences, but where Pirandello’s aesthetic was philosophically inclined, Brecht’s was informed by ideology, politics, and the desire to change society. This period also witnessed a surge of new plays by women—many dealing with feminist concerns—as well as the emergence of political theatre and surrealism.

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37

Arnold, Felix. Early Modern Period (1500–1800 CE). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190624552.003.0006.

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This chapter surveys the limited evidence on Islamic palatial architecture in the Western Mediterranean during the Early Modern Period. Northern Africa was weakly incorporated into the Ottoman Empire as the Barbary States. In the capital cities– Tripoli, Tunis and Algiers – leaders took on the trappings of traditional Islamic rulers and preserved the earlier architectural styles and concepts of space in their palace designs. In Morocco a succession of Berber and Arab dynasties resisted the Ottomans and united the far-western Maghreb. These rulers underpinned their rule by religious ideology and built huge palatial cities featuring a diversity of architectural forms at the “royal cities” (Fes, Marrakesh, Rabat and Méknes) – though, for the most part, the chief typologies and spatial concepts were developed in previous centuries. Towards the end of the period, the growing influence of European colonialism brought an end to the tradition of Islamic architecture in both regions.

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38

Morrell, Kit. The lex Pompeia de provinciis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198755142.003.0008.

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The final chapter examines what Cicero calls ‘Cato’s policy’—that is, a policy of ethical governance designed to secure the welfare and good will of Rome’s allies. It appears that all governors appointed under the lex Pompeia de provinciis were engaged in this project, which entailed not only ethical governance but consciously exemplary behaviour. The chapter also revisits Cato’s letter to Cicero in the light of Cato’s policy: when Cato speaks of Cicero’s maiestas, he is invoking a particularly Stoic concept of ‘true glory’ due to moral excellence. A similar idea appears in Cicero’s De Legibus, written around the same time. Both reflect the ideology of the reform programme of 52–50, which aimed to promote good governance by making a reputation for moral excellence desirable in its own right.

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Goodhart, Michael. Political Theory and the Politics of Injustice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190692421.003.0007.

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This chapter tries to show what practical difference it makes if one adopts the approach developed in the foregoing chapters. It focuses on the work that political theory and political theorists might do in support of an effective real-world response to injustice. Much of the conflict around injustice is ideological—it arises from conflicting values, ideas, and interpretations. When an ideology becomes dominant or hegemonic, its key concepts become decontested, making injustice seem natural or normal. To contest this requires a form of counterhegemonic politics, politics designed to challenge the prevailing ideological views and proposing alternative viewpoints. Its success depends on building countervailing power through discursive political engagement, efforts enabled by the work of articulation and translation. The ultimate aim of transformative democratic politics is to establish a reflexive, open-ended, and continual process of repair, renewal, and (re)generation.

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40

Bhatt, Shreyaa. Exiled in Rome. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768098.003.0010.

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This chapter examines Tacitus’ writing of the spaces of home and exile. It starts by identifying the ways in which the state’s legal and political institutions worked to produce the spaces of home and exile as fixed, polar opposites. It then moves on to an analysis of Tacitus’ reproduction of the state’s space-making through focus on three episodes in the Annales: Lucius Piso’s threat to withdraw from the city at Annales 2.34, Vibius Serenus’ recall from exile and his desire to return at Annales 4.28–30, and Tiberius’ own eventual withdrawal to Capri. It argues that Tacitus challenges the notion of Rome as a space of moral superiority and freedom, as well as the view of home as one’s ‘true’ place of belonging—ideas which provided the basis for the development of Roman criminal law and imperial ideology.

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41

Yanay, Niza. Problematizing Hatred in Democratic States. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190465544.003.0005.

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This chapter develops the argument that hatred is motivated by the fear of love. It is thus important to understand not only what hatred says but also what it denies and hides. Based on Freudian/Lacanian theory and sociological constructionism, I argue that hatred represents an assemblage of conscious and unconscious motives. The chapter particularly underscores the dread of the other in proximity (immigrants, refugees, minority others), who is like me yet not me, whom I desire and loathe simultaneously. When love (but also attachment and dependency) is too threatening to the self, when the anxiety of mimetic similarity takes over, the ideology of hatred protects the self (individual or collective) from ambivalent identifications. It is, however, the responsibility of the democratic state to instigate a discourse as well as actions which suspend hatred in order for love to become possible.

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42

Chang, Jason Oliver. The Politics of Chinese Immigration in the Era of Mexican National Colonization. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040863.003.0002.

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This chapter tells the history of Mexican colonization policy through the nineteenth century to provide a detailed context to understand the integration of Chinese immigration. Attention to national colonization reforms shows how racial ideology governed the relationship between land, indigenous people, and the state. With a large population and rich resources government officials blamed the lack of economic success on the racial inferiority of the majority indigenous population. When the political elites of Porfirio Diaz’s regime turned to Chinese immigration to address what they perceived as the republic’s racial deficiency they initiated a political drama that would shape the coming revolution in 1910 and deeply influence the reconstruction of the Mexican racial state. Because recruited Chinese labor was designed to alter the relationship between territory, Indians, and the government, racialized discourse about the Chinese reached right into the heart of Mexican politics.

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43

Blinder, Caroline. A Self-Made Surrealist: Ideology and Aesthetics in the Works of Henry Miller (European Studies in American Literature and Culture). Camden House, 1999.

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44

Taylor, Millie. Lionel Bart. Edited by Robert Gordon and Olaf Jubin. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199988747.013.20.

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Lionel Bart created musical theatre works from a uniquely British working-class perspective. Rather than having an academic training he relied on instincts developed from a working-class East End Jewish upbringing, the London pop music industry, and his early theatrical experiences at Unity and Theatre Workshop. From these diverse influences he produced what is arguably one of the best-loved British musicals of all time, Oliver! Subsequently, Blitz! and Maggie May also achieved commercial and critical success in Britain, but did not transfer to Broadway. Building on his background and theatrical context, Bart spoke in a vernacular musical and lyrical language that retained a gritty urban realism and a left-wing political ideology. Although the small number of his works that are regularly revived demonstrates that he wrote of and for his time, his influence and that of his collaborator, set designer Sean Kenny, has been pervasive and profound.

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45

Llewellyn, Matthew P., and John Gleaves. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040351.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter sets out the book's purpose, which is to present a richly contextualized global history of the role of Olympic amateurism, from Coubertin's Olympic revival in 1894 through the presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch and the advent of open professionalism during the late 1980s and 1990s. The social origins of amateurism sprung to life not from ancient Greece, but from Victorian Britain, where an upper-middle-class desire to set themselves apart from the perceived morally corrupt working classes employed amateurism as a legitimating ideology for elitist sporting preserves. The participatory and universal growth of the Olympic Games in the ensuing decades precipitated the emergence of political and commercial forces within the Olympic arena. The encroachment of governments eager to exploit the games for propaganda rewards, as well as commercial interests seeking to peddle products stamped with Olympic insignia, sullied the avowed sanctity of Olympic amateurism.

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Stewart, Frances, Gustav Ranis, and Emma Samman. Successful Transition Towards a Virtuous Cycle of Human Development and Economic Growth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794455.003.0005.

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This chapter provides studies of politics and policies in some of the good transition countries. Countries selected include Bangladesh, Nepal, Thailand, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Bolivia, and Peru. There was no single recipe for success in economic conditions or political structures. Government determination to advance the well-being of the population appeared to be a necessary condition, but this can be motivated in different ways: through left-wing ideology, identification with particular deprived groups, a desire to advance conflict-prevention, or the need to secure popular support for re-election. Some countries relied on the state to promote human development, but others depended on various social institutions. The chapter also provides a brief review of some negative transitions—countries which fell back from the virtuous category to a vicious one. A variety of circumstances accounted for this, including debt and stabilization, and political developments, such as invasion in the case of Iraq.

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Weisband, Edward. Cultural Case Studies in the Macabresque. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677886.003.0009.

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This chapter examines seven case studies of the macabresque during the twentieth century. The macabresque is portrayed within each by adopting the “vignette” as a narrative form. A vignette is a patch, a semiotic sign, representative of a “mentality” that endows genocide and mass atrocity with a “noble” cause or “moral” if not, indeed, a “sacred” purpose. Similarities across cases of the macabresque emerge; but contrasts also appear that demonstrate major political, cultural, ideological, and attitudinal differences. These contrasts are not incidental side effects of violence. They reveal the relationships of social fantasy, specifically “thing-enjoyment” and mimetic desire and rivalry, in shaping not only ideological constructions of otherness but also the psychodynamics of a political ontology in which ideology is ontology. The case studies include the Armenian Genocide, Stalin’s purges, “Hitler’s Diabolical Laboratory,” blood trauma and the Rwandan Genocide, “Confessional Archives and Angkar’s Torture,” the Argentinian neo-inquisition, and “Bosnian Shame-Camps.”

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Tian, Xiaofei. Castration for the People. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390892.003.0006.

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Chinese socialist peasant writer, Hao Ran (1932-2008), was well-known for his novels, Bright Sunny Sky and The Great Road of Golden Light, and remained the best-selling author during the Cultural Revolution period (1966-1976). This essay focuses on his less-studied short stories, all but one published between 1958 and 1960. Through a discussion of the politics of his revisions of his early stories, the essay argues that, far from being simplistic transmissions of a socialist ideology, these stories are often unintentionally complicated representation of gender, class, desire, and sexuality in China’s “socialist construction” era. As the Cultural Revolution represents a climax of the epic socialist battle against si, a word that encompasses a wide range of meanings from selfishness and self-interest to anything personal and private, the pruning and clipping performed by Hao Ran to his early stories are ultimately paralleled by the violence committed within a text. The last part of the essay analyzes a story written at the end of the Cultural Revolution period, which demonstrates a discursive structure of violence and embodies the obsessive quest for transparency and the spiritual violence of the Cultural Revolution itself.

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Denemark, Robert A. Fundamentalism and Globalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.400.

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Fundamentalism typically has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs. However, fundamentalism was eventually applied to certain groups—mainly, though not exclusively, in religion—that are characterized by a markedly strict literalism as it is applied to certain scriptures, dogmas, or ideologies, and a strong sense of the importance of maintaining ingroup and outgroup distinctions. This leads to an emphasis on purity and the desire to return to a previous ideal from which advocates believe members have strayed. This tendency results in the rejection of diversity of opinion as applied to these established “fundamentals” and their accepted interpretation within the group. Fundamentalism has developed all over the world along with the extension of globalization. Globalization is an extension of modernization and post-modernization, and both these movements oppose religious conservatism. The globalization of culture involves the creation of a hyper-differentiated field of value, taste, and style opportunities, accessible by each individual without constraint for purposes either of self-expression or consumption. One could see that the antagonism to modernity finds expression in fundamentalism. This is perhaps the indirect contribution of globalization to religion and religious ideology. The fear of modernity motivates religious leaders to revitalize their religion, so that it can effectively combat modernity and post-modernity.

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Morgan, David. Images at Work. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190272111.001.0001.

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Advocates of the ideology of modern progress and rationalism are fond of regarding human beings as rational agents and the universe as a collection of inanimate things that obey laws and do not exhibit agency. Yet evidence of nonrational practices of enchantment abounds in every part of human life: people commonly regard things as capable of independent action and expect the universe to respond to their desire for magic, miracles, and action at a distance. Clearly, rationalism is not as pervasive or singularly influential as some would insist. Enchantment consists of the things we do and how we do them to make the world go our way. This book argues that enchantment is not simply an irrational, primitive impulse that needs to be curbed or eliminated, but should be understood as problem solving. Images are ways of working on the world to achieve what people need. Images at Work explores how images operate, what their effects on viewers are, and how enchantment can be understood as visual dynamics that we need to take seriously. Enchantment is more than religion and is not identical with magic. And its effects are not fully discernible apart from its material culture because enchantment is about things and our engagement with them.

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Books on the topic 'Design Ideology'

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