Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Design guides'
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Retzepi, Theodora. "Geometric guides for interactive evolutionary design." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36151.
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This thesis describes the addition of novel Geometric Guides to a generative Computer-Aided Design (CAD) application that supports early-stage concept generation. The application generates and evolves abstract 3D shapes, used to inspire the form of new product concepts. It was previously a conventional Interactive Evolutionary system where users selected shapes from evolving populations. However, design industry users wanted more control over the shapes, for example by allowing the system to influence the proportions of evolving forms. The solution researched, developed, integrated and tested is a more cooperative human-machine system combining classic user interaction with innovative geometric analysis. In the literature review, different types of Interactive Evolutionary Computation (IEC), Pose Normalisation (PN), Shape Comparison, and Minimum-Volume Bounding Box approaches are compared, with some of these technologies identified as applicable for this research. Using its Application Programming Interface, add-ins for the Siemens NX CAD system have been developed and integrated with an existing Interactive Evolutionary CAD system. These add-ins allow users to create a Geometric Guide (GG) at the start of a shape exploration session. Before evolving shapes can be compared with the GG, they must be aligned and scaled (known as Pose Normalisation in the literature). Computationally-efficient PN has been achieved using geometric functions such as Bounding Box for translation and scaling, and Principle Axes for the orientation. A shape comparison algorithm has been developed that is based on the principle of non-intersecting volumes. This algorithm is also implemented with standard, readily available geometric functions, is conceptually simple, accessible to other researchers and also offers appropriate efficacy. Objective geometric testing showed that the PN and Shape Comparison methods developed are suitable for this guiding application and can be efficiently adapted to enhance an Interactive Evolutionary Design system. System performance with different population sizes was examined to indicate how best to use the new guiding capabilities to assist users in evolutionary shape searching. This was backed up by participant testing research into two user interaction strategies. A Large Background Population (LBP) approach where the GG is used to select a sub-set of shapes to show to the user was shown to be the most effective. The inclusion of Geometric Guides has taken the research from the existing aesthetic focused tool to a system capable of application to a wider range of engineering design problems. This system supports earlier design processes and ideation in conceptual design and allows a designer to experiment with ideas freely to interactively explore populations of evolving solutions. The design approach has been further improved, and expanded beyond the previous quite limited scope of form exploration.
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Liu, Qing. "Design and fabrication of long-period waveguide gratings /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-ee-b19887887a.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2005."Submitted to Department of Electronic Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy" Includes bibliographical references.
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Spratt, William. "Design and Testing of an Ultrasonic Torsional Wave Sensing Platform." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/SprattW2009.pdf.
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Tauscher, Bryanna Nicole. "Theatre for Young Audiences and Educational Study Guides: Design, Implentation and Teachers' Perceptions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193261.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate a Theatre For Young Audiences (TYA) paper and multimedia study guide and to investigate teachers' perceptions of study guides created for TYA. It used current literature surrounding TYA performances, supplemental materials for the elementary classroom, and multimedia in performance and education, to glean critical elements for creating a useful TYA study guide. These elements provided the framework for creating a rubric to evaluate a TYA study guide's potential success in the classroom. The mixed methods study then used the created rubric to evaluate etc . . .'s (Educational Theatre Company) 2005 Hey Diddle Diddle! The Rhymes and Rhythms of Mother Goose study guide. This data was combined with surveys administered to elementary teachers. The study guide rated high on the rubric and teachers' perceptions were generally positive. Overall the analysis yielded information useful for the creation of future guides and research.
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Harvey, Eric J. "Design and fabrication of silicon on insulator optical waveguide devices /." Online version of thesis, 2006. https://ritdml.rit.edu/dspace/handle/1850/2597.
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Balaji, Uma. "Field theory analysis and design of circular waveguide components." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32732.pdf.
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Krishnamoorthy, Ashok. "Modeling, design, and demonstration of orthogonal optical waveguide coupling in common boundary region /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1422938.
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Shen, Linping Huang Wei-Ping. "Modeling and design of photonic crystal waveguides and fibers /." *McMaster only, 2003.
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Kim, Jinkee. "Analysis of optical waveguide discontinuities and design of planar prisms in waveguides." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13878.
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Bao, Yufei. "Integrated optical tapped-delay-lines : design, analysis and implementation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15446.
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Ayre, Melanie. "Photonic crystal interfaces : a design-driven approach." Thesis, St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/143.
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Terrell, Robert Vern Liu Tsai Lu. "TOURBOT a research and product design study applying human robot interaction and universal design principles to the development of a tour guide robot /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1732.
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Griffin, Shauna A. "An Analysis of Research Guides at UNC-Chapel Hill." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/211.
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This paper addresses inconsistencies in the research guides created by University Librarians at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Based on an analysis of descriptive data collected from a sample of guides, as well as search log data collected in the Fall 2004 academic term, it identifies elements that lack consistency, and gives an overview of guide content and format.
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Roy, Virginie. "Guide d’accompagnement de l’étudiant dyslexique en contexte universitaire : une approche theory-based design." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66599.
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La situation pédagogique de l’étudiant dyslexique (ÉD) suscite de nouveaux enjeux en matière d’inclusion scolaire. Les établissements postsecondaires se questionnent sur les mesures d’accompagnement à employer pour promouvoir la pleine participation de l’ÉD en milieu universitaire. Un manque d’informations en matière des troubles d’apprentissage (TA) et d’éducation inclusive se fait également sentir auprès du corps enseignant. Pourtant, le soutien de l’enseignant dans le processus d’apprentissage est l’un des facteurs de protection les plus importants d’une réussite scolaire. Conséquemment, dans une pratique d’intervention ciblant l’intégration de l’ÉD, la mobilisation de l’enseignant universitaire (chargé de cours, d’enseignement, professeur) doit être mise de l’avant. Dans cet ordre d’idées et sur la base d’une approche theory-based design, notre recherche s’est intéressée aux corpus théoriques et conceptuels des neurosciences et de la psychologie sociale pour développer un guide d’accompagnement de l’ÉD en contexte universitaire, à l’usage de l’enseignant universitaire. Ce guide se compose de recommandations et de moyens visant à favoriser la participation de l’étudiant. L’objectif du guide est de mieux outiller l’enseignant universitaire, pour ainsi accroître son implication dans l’encadrement scolaire de l’ÉD. En définitive, l’étude a conduit à l’élaboration de mesures pédagogiques qui s’inscrivent dans une conception universelle de l’apprentissage (CUA).
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Castro, Maria Luísa de Avillez Meireles do Canto e. "Design editorial." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20135.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Design, com a especialização em Design de Comunicão apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre.A presente dissertação insere-se no âmbito do Design de Comunicação como estágio Académico de Natureza Profissional, mais concretamente na área do Design Editorial. Ainda que se trate de um relatório de Estágio Académico, o principal foco concerne na identificação, análise e levantamento das publicações ConVida que por sua vez permitiram desenvolver uma nova edição através dos resultados obtidos. Este projeto teve como objetivo potencializar e melhorar os guias ConVida, de modo a que as publicações se tornem capazes de responder às necessidades e exigências dos utilizadores. Durante cinco meses foram adquiridas e desenvolvidas capacidades pessoais e profissionais, nos termos dos quais a investigadora foi responsável pela criação de diversos projetos, nomeadamente a reestruturação e criação de uma nova edição ConVida. O contacto constante com o mundo profissional e com as áreas envolventes obtido durante este período de tempo, permitiu à investigadora pôr em prática os conhecimentos adquiridos durante a formação académica. A possibilidade de testar as habilidades e as questões de investigação num contexto profissional será́ certamente benéfica quer para a investigadora e a empresa, quer para a área do Design de Comunicação. Conhecida por muitos apenas pelos seus guias de comércio e lazer da cidade de Lisboa e Porto, a ConVida é uma empresa que conta com diversos projetos. Organizada em três fases de desenvolvimento: exploratória, generativa e, por fim, avaliativa, a presente investigação foi inteiramente suportada por uma metodologia mista — qualitativa e quantitativa — de base não intervencionista e intervencionista, nos termos da qual foi concebido um conjunto de projetos editoriais: intervenções, pequenos projetos e projeto principal. De modo a contextualizar e sustentar toda a investigação, foi fundamental realizar uma revisão da literatura e cruzar várias áreas: Design de Comunicação, Perceção visual, Sociologia e, por fim, Design Centrado no Utilizador. Por sua vez, foram aplicados os princípios e os conceitos obtidos através da realização de estudos de casos e de um questionário de modo a validar a pertinência do projeto principal. Assente numa revisão de literatura e num conjunto de práticas aplicadas sobre uma investigação aplicada e ativa, a presente investigação verifica um conjunto de projetos concebidos no decorrer do Estágio Académico na empresa ConVida, nomeadamente do estudo detalhado e do aprimoramento das publicações ConVida.
ABSTRACT: This dissertation is part of the communication design in the form of an Academic Internship of Professional Nature, more specifically in the area of Editorial Design. Even though this is an Academic Internship report, its main focus is the identification, analysis and survey of the ConVida publications which, in turn, will allow to develop a new edition through the results that were obtained. This project aims to enhance and improve the ConVida guides, so that the publications become able to meet the needs and demands of their users. For a period of five months, the researcher acquired and developed personal and professional skills, pursuant to which the researcher was responsible for the creation of several projects, namely the restructuring and creation of a new ConVida edition. The permanent contact with the professional world and with the sur- rounding areas allowed the researcher to put into practice the knowledge acquired during her academic training. The possibility of testing research skills and questions in a professional context will certainly be beneficial to both the researcher and the company, as well as to the area of communication design. Known by many only for its commerce and leisure guides in the city of Lisbon and Oporto, ConVida is a company that has several projects. Organised by three development phases: exploratory, generative and, finally, evaluative, this research was entirely supported by a mixed methodology — qualitative and quantitative — with a non-interventionist and interventionist basis, according to which a set of editorial projects was designed: interventions, small projects and a main project. In order to contextualize and sustain all the research, it was crucial to carry out a literature review and to cross information from several areas: Communication Design, Visual Perception, Sociology and, finally, User Centered Design. In turn, the principles and concepts obtained through case studies and through a questionnaire were duly considered in order to validate the relevance of the main project. Based on a literature review and a set of applied practices on an applied and active research, this research confirms a set of projects designed during the Academic Internship at ConVida, namely the detailed study and the improvement of ConVida publications.
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de, Souza Pereira Candello Heloisa Caroline. "Design for outdoor mobile multimedia : representation, content and interactivity for mobile tourist guides." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2012. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0de623b2-11d7-462b-aa8b-06433c9f78e7.
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The research reported in this thesis explores issues of information design for mobile devices, in particular those relating to selection and presentation of on-screen information and interactive functionality for users of mobile phones. The example domain is that of mobile tour guides for tourists, local people, students and families. Central to the research is the issue of multimodality, particularly the graphic and interaction design issues involved in viewing video, in combination with other media, on a mobile device, in an outdoor context. The study produced three main results: 1. An analytical framework for user-experience concerns in cultural heritage settings, 2. Design recommendations for outdoor mobile multimedia guides and 4. Refinements in methods for collecting and analysing data from fieldwork with visitors in cultural heritage settings. Those results were formulated for the use of mobile guide designers. The methodology used to inform and structure the work was Design Research, involving literature review and empirical work, including user trials of a prototype tourist guide developed in the project. The literature review covered areas of tourism, multimedia design, mobile HCI and existing mobile guides. Outdoor fieldwork exercises were carried out with three different cultural information sources - human tour guide, paper based guide and mobile guide app - in order to identify any problems that visitors might have and to gather requirements for the development of a mobile cultural guide. Qualitative analysis was applied to analyse the video observations and questionnaires completed during the tours. Requirements were grouped and analysed to give substantial information for a conceptual design. Personas and scenarios were created based on real participants and situations that occurred on the tours. A mobile guide prototype was developed and evaluated in the field with visitors. Qualitative analysis and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Visitors were asked about their preferences among various multimedia design elements and answered a questionnaire on their experience. The elements that affect the user experience with outdoor mobile guides were categorised and organised into a framework. It became apparent that users' experience of technology (in this case the mobile tourist guide) and environment are affected by context, content and look and feel elements. This framework of user experience generated a design toolkit with a collection of recommendations for designers of such systems. The recommendations are described in context of usage and have a rating system with strength of evidence and confidence based on how often they appeared in the field works and solutions tested.
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Medina, Camila. "Interface entre design e fonoaudiologia: material instrucional impresso voltado aos usuários de aparelho de amplificação sonora individual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-22062017-202947/.
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Usuários de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individuais (AASI) apresentam dificuldades com relação ao uso e cuidados com o dispositivo, podendo levar a um impacto negativo na intervenção. Manuais de instrução do AASI, produzidos pelos fabricantes deste dispositivo, frequentemente apresentam baixa leiturabilidade e design pouco eficiente ao público alvo, tornando-os, muitas vezes, ineficazes. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar um material gráfico instrucional sobre uso e cuidados com o AASI, voltado para as necessidades destes usuários. Para tal, foram realizados três estudos complementares. Estudo 1: Realização de grupo focal com 10 usuários de AASI (9 homens, 1 mulher, média 57,4 anos) para identificar informações que estes desejavam receber quanto ao manuseio do dispositivo e preferências quanto aos aspectos gráficos dos manuais. A gravação do grupo focal foi transcrita e a análise temática de conteúdo (Bardin, 2011) aplicada. Foram identificadas três categorias principais: AASI e molde auricular (59,8%), manual de instruções (25,3%) e perda auditiva (14,9%). Além do uso e cuidados com o AASI verificou-se a necessidade de incluir informações referentes ao diagnóstico audiológico, adaptação aos sinais amplificados e uso de estratégias de comunicação. Houve preferência por ilustrações a traço, fonte sem serifa e em tamanho maior. Sugere-se maior número de ilustrações acompanhadas de pouco texto, em impresso tamanho A5. Estudo 2: Efetuou-se o levantamento e análise de seis manuais de instrução de AASIs, de diferentes períodos históricos. Verificou-se que os aspectos gráficos dos manuais de instrução evoluíram de acordo com as tecnologias e movimentos artísticos da época. Ademais, observou-se que os manuais atuais apresentam deficiências gráficas como tamanho da fonte e do impresso considerados pequenos. Estudo 3: Foi realizado o redesign de um manual de instrução de AASI tipo retroauricular, de acordo com os resultados obtidos nos Estudos 1 e 2 e princípios do design. Este manual foi avaliado por 30 fonoaudiólogas (média 35,7 anos), com experiência no processo de seleção e adaptação de AASI, por meio de um formulário online contendo 22 itens. Pontuações altas foram obtidas quanto à qualidade e utilidade do manual na prática clínica. A eficiência das páginas para transmissão da informação foi analisada via escala likert de 5 pontos, sendo obtidas médias variando de 3,57±1,1 (Capa) a 4,70±0,84, (Como ligar e desligar o aparelho). Diferenças pequenas, porém significativas (p<0,05) foram encontradas entre as pontuações de algumas páginas sugerindo necessidade de readequação. Uma segunda versão do manual redesenhado foi analisada por cinco novos usuários (2 homens, 3 mulheres, média de idade 71 anos) de AASI, por meio de entrevista. Adequações como inversão de lugares entre títulos e subtítulos e exclusão de alguns conteúdos ocorreram após a entrevista. Diferentes etapas foram necessárias para o desenvolvimento de um material gráfico instrucional sobre uso e cuidados com o AASI. Faz-se necessária a condução de outros estudos para avaliação da usabilidade e eficácia deste manual redesenhado para a compreensão e retenção de informação.Hearing aid (HA) users present difficulties regarding the use and care of their devices, which may lead to a negative impact on the intervention. Hearing aid booklets, developed by HA manufacturers, often have low readability levels and design inadequate to the target audience, rendering them ineffective. This investigation aimed to develop and assess a printed instructional material on HA use and care focused on their users needs. Three complementary studies were carried out. Study 1: A focus group with 10 HA users (9 men, 1 woman, mean age: 57.4 years) was executed to identify information they wanted to receive regarding hearing aid use and maintenance as well as their preferences relating to booklets graphic aspects. The focus group was recorded, transcribed and thematic content analysis was applied. Three main categories were identified: hearing aid and earmold (59.8%), HA booklet (25.3%) and hearing loss (14.9%). In addition to hearing aid use and maintenance it was necessary to include information regarding audiological diagnosis, adaptation to amplified signals and use of communication strategies. Preference was given to simple line drawings, larger sans-serif fonts and A5 printed format. The use of a greater number of illustrations accompanied by little text was suggested. Study 2: An analysis of six hearing aid printed instructional materials, from different historical periods, was carried out. It was verified that the graphical aspects of such materials evolved according to the technologies and artistic movements of the time. In addition, it was observed that current hearing aid booklets present graphical inadequacies such and small font sizes and format. Study 3: The redesign of a behind-the-ear hearing aid booklet was carried out, according to the results obtained in Studies 1 and 2 as well as good design principles. This booklet was assessed by 30 female audiologists (mean 35.7 years), with experience in hearing aid fitting, via a 22-item online form. High scores were obtained regarding booklets quality and usefulness in clinical practice. The efficiency of the booklets pages for transmitting of the information was assessed through a 5-points likert type scale - average scores ranging from 3.57±1.1 (Cover) to 4.70±0.84 (Turning the hearind aid on and off) were obtained. Small but significant differences (p <0.05) were found among the pages scores, thus suggesting the need for readjustment. A second version of the redesigned manual was analyzed by five new hearing aid users (2 men, 3 women, mean age 71 years) by means of an interview. Adequations such as repositioning titles and subtitles as well as the exclusion of some contents considered unnecessary by the participants occurred after the interview. Different steps were required for the development of a printed instructional material on hearing aid use and maintenance. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the usability and effectiveness of such material information comprehension and retention.
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Sand, Karl Jakob. "On the Design and Simulation of Electromagnetic Traps and Guides for Ultra-Cold Matter." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11733.
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The objective of this thesis is the design and simulation of new electromagnetic traps and guides for ultra-cold matter. The traps and guides are intended for future experiments with small amounts of alkali atoms to study the quantum-mechanical effects of condensation and coupling between trapped drops of cold matter. The main results are with the development and simulation of new wire traps and guides based on the dressing effect realised in strong DC magnetic and RF fields of certain frequencies. Some designs are proposed using only trapping by the DC magnetic field. The principal methodology used in the thesis is to first develop the necessary theory and design formulas to make an initial design, followed by analytical and numerical simulation of the effective trapping potential. This may be followed by optimization of the geometry and the DC driving currents to enhance the trapping performance of the structure. A wire carrying both DC and RF currents is surrounded by a cylindrical minimum potential manifold and can be used as a guide for cold atoms. Bias rings are necessary around the wire to avoid a potential minimum of zero and to move the resulting circular potential minimum up and down along the wire. The minimum potential surfaces around two crossed or two parallel wires touch each other for certain critical values of the DC currents in the two wires. The DC currents must be in opposite directions in two parallel wires. Equations are derived in Chapter 2 for the distance to the circular minimum potential manifold for a single wire, for two crossed wires and for two parallel wires. It is then explained how prospective cold atom transfer between two crossed wires can be achieved by changing the magnitudes of the RF currents in the bias rings around the wires. Electrically controlled atom transfer between two parallel wires does not seem to be practical. A four-wire cell trap made from two crossing pairs of parallel wires has been designed and optimized using a simple Matlab script. It can be used to trap both strong- and weak-field-seeking atoms and may possibly be used to study collision and entanglement between the two types of atoms. With only DC excitation the trap becomes a trap for weak-field-seeking atoms. It then unfortunately has a potential minimum of zero at its centre. A similar 3 x 3 wire dual-well trap has also been designed and optimized in Matlab. It is prospective for the study of entanglement of BEC matter placed in the two wells. A quite low potential barrier in the direction normal to the wireplanes when the two wells are merged could however entail that the trap is inadequate for this purpose or that additional bias fields are necessary. Several multi-wire cell-grids that may find use as part of a quantum register are also described. The cell-grids can be stacked in threedimensions and can trap both strong- and weak-field-seeking atoms. The optimization, also here performed in Matlab, showed weaknesses due to a lack of complexity. A different and better optimization technique is most likely necessary to improve the optimization further. Scaling to micrometre and nanometre size is demonstrated in Chapter 3. When scaling to micrometre size thermally induced spin-flip transitions should be considered. Scaling to nanometre size demands that both thermally induced spin-flips and the effect of the Casimir-Polder force must be taken into account. The effect of the Casimir-Polder force is minimized by the use of carbon nanotubes as conductors. The minimum feasible trapping distance is expected to be no less than 100 nm from the surface of a carbon nanotube. A four micro-wire cell and a 3 x 3 micro-wire structure, both adapted for future realization on a micro-machined substrate, are given as examples of micrometre size structures. Several nanometre size structures are also demonstrated. It is shown that prospective atom transfer between two crossed nanotubes can be done essentially in the same way as for two crossed wires. A four-nanotube cell and several nanotube cell-grids are also exemplified. The depth of the trapping potential is found to be proportional to the RF frequency. If the RF frequency is increased then the DC current level must also increase to maintain the same DC current to angular frequency ratio. The depth of the trap is accordingly also proportional to the DC current level in the conductors. The depth of the trap is thus ultimately limited by the maximum conductor current. A quadrupolar trap similar to the well known Ioffe-Pritchard trap is studied in Chapter 4 with combined DC and RF current excitation of the bias rings. A non-uniform potential minimum is found around the local maximum at the centre of the trap, but this does not prevent the trap from being used to trap weak-field-seeking atoms. The potential maximum at the centre of the quadrupolar trap is more than sufficient for trapping strongfield- seeking atoms. The quadrupolar trap can therefore be used to trap both strong- and weak-field-seeking atoms if the DC bar currents are large enough. Simulations also indicate that the bias rings can be placed relatively closely together to compress clouds of cold atoms into successively smaller traps. As the gap distances become very small the B-field becomes very strong between the bias rings and there is a risk of dielectric breakdown. A metallic cylinder atom guide consisting of a cylinder with a small hole and an external wire is described analytically in Chapter 5 and simulation results from Amperes are compared favourably with the results of calculations in Matlab. It is found that there can only be a B-field zero at the centre of the hole in the cylinder when there is a second field zero further inside the cylinder. The barrier between the two field zeros typically increases in width with increasing cylinder radius and in height with decreasing cylinder radius for a given cylinder current (DC). The smallest cylinder had the highest barrier between the field zeros, but also required the highest DC current in the external wire. Bias rings around the guide must be centred on the hole in the cylinder and the DC ring currents and the spacing between the bias rings must be scaled by the same factor as the ring radius to maintain the same shape and height of the trapping potential along the centre of the hole. The cylinder guide looks promising as a hermetic guide for cold matter. Bias rings are required both to pump atoms along the guide and to remove the zero in the B-field inside the hole.An attachment is added containing 7 animated applications/zip which are described in the thesis
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Vale, Christopher A. W. "Growth-based computer aided design strategies for multimode waveguide design with the aid of functional blocks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52291.
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Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2001.Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A new technique for the design of multimode devices in overmoded waveguide is presented. The technique applies the principle of growth-based design and uses a conceptual functional block representation of the design structure to provide necessary flexibility to the design algorithms. Two growth based design strategies are proposed and evaluated. The first uses a generalized synthesis-oriented scanning technique, and the second uses an evolutionary strategy. The techniques provide reliable solutions to a variety of multimode design problems. In order to facilitate sufficiently fast numerical analysis, novel enhancements of the mode matching technique are developed and the use of surrogate models is investigated. In addition, to allow physical evaluation of the finished devices, original techniques of measuring multimode devices are formulated and utilised. Two practical problems are used to evaluate the performance of the design procedures. The first is the design of overmoded waveguide chokes for microwave heating facilities, and the second is the design of multimode horns for antenna and spatial power combining applications. Various examples of each type of problem are presented with measurements of manufactured solutions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ’n Nuwe tegniek vir die ontwerp van multimodusstelsels binne multimodus golfleier word voorgestel. Die tegniek maak gebruik van die beginsel van groei-georienteerde ontwerp en ontgin ’n konsepsuele funksionele module-voorstelling van die ontwerpstruktuur om die nodige buigsaamheid aan die ontwerpsalgoritmes te verleen. Twee groei-georienteerde ontwerpstrategiee word aangebied en geevalueer. Die eerste is gebasseer op ’n veralgemeende sintese-georienteerde skandeertegniek, en die tweede maak gebruik van ’n evolusie-strategie. Die tegniek verskaf betroubare oplossings vir ’n verskeidenheid van multimodusontwerpsprobleme. Ten einde ’n numeriese analise-tegniek daar te stel wat vinnig genoeg is, word oorspronklike verbeterings van die modal-pas metode ontwikkel en surrogaatmodelle is ook ondersoek. Verder, vir fisiese evaluasie, word oorspronklike meettegnieke vir multimodusstelsels geformuleer en gebruik. Twee praktiese probleme word gebruik om die ontwerpprosedures te evalueer. Die eerste is die ontwerp van multimodus golfleierdrywingsdempers vir mikrogolfverhitting, en die tweede is die ontwerp van multimodus horings vir antenna- en ruimtelike drywingskombineerdertoepasings. Verskeie voorbeelde van elke tipe probleem word gegee met metings van gei'mplementeerde oplossings.
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Li, Lifeng. "Application of diffraction grating theory to analysis and fabrication of waveguide gratings." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184388.
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This dissertation includes three separate studies of related waveguide grating phenomena. These studies deal with a numerical improvement of the integral method of diffraction grating theory, the theoretical analysis of waveguide gratings, and fabrication techniques for photoresist grating masks. The first topic addresses the acceleration of the convergence of the integral kernels. To improve the performance of the integral method for calculating diffraction grating efficiencies, the convergence of the integral kernels is studied. A nonlinear sequence transformation, Levin's u-transformation, is successfully applied to accelerate the convergence of the integral kernels. The computer execution time saving is significant. The application details and many numerical examples are given. The second subject is the ray optics theory of waveguide grating analysis. To establish a linkage between the analysis of diffraction gratings and the analysis of waveguide gratings, a new rigorous ray optics theory is developed. It takes into account phase changes on diffraction, multiple diffraction processes, depletion of the incident guided wave, and lateral shifts. A general characteristic equation that determines the waveguide grating attenuation (coupling) coefficient is derived. The symmetry properties of grating diffraction are applied to waveguide grating analysis for the first time. Lateral shifts of optical rays at a periodically corrugated interface similar to the Goos-Haenchen shift at a planar interface are suggested. The third subject is the in situ control of the development of photoresist grating masks. The existing method for monitoring and modeling photoresist grating development are modified and extended to monitoring and modeling photoresist grating mask development. Experimental examples, detailed theoretical considerations, and computer simulations are presented.
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Cho, Sang-Yeon. "High speed optical interconnection on electrical boards using embedded OE devices in polymer optical waveguides." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14881.
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Feng, Ning-Ning Huang Wei-Ping. "Modeling, simulation and design techniques for high-density complex photonic integrated devices and circuits." *McMaster only, 2005.
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Espinosa, Soria Alba. "Design and implementation of nanoantennas on integrated guides and their application on polarization analysis and synthesis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/105382.
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La fotónica sobre silicio se ha convertido en la tecnología más importante en la producción de chips integrados fotónicos. Sus grandes ventajas, entre las cuales destacan su idoneidad para la fabricación a gran escala y su bajo coste de producción, como resultado de la posibilidad del uso tecnología CMOS, son motivo suficiente para justificar su supremacía sobre otras plataformas de integración. Pese a los múltiples dispositivos ya implementados en dicha tecnología, entre los que cabe destacar filtros WDM o moduladores electro-ópticos, todavía hay espacio para la mejora, sobre todo en cuanto a la reducción del foot-print de los dispositivos o a la creación de nuevas funcionalidades para la manipulación de la luz.
Dichas mejoras podrían llevarse a cabo mediante la integración de componentes con dimensiones sub-lambda surgidos en el campo conocido como plasmónica. Esta disciplina estudia la interacción entre la luz y los metales, que viene mediada por la existencia de ondas conocidas como plasmones de superficie. Una de las propiedades clave de los plasmones es su capacidad para confinar la luz muy por encima del límite de difracción, lo cual es limitante en el caso de la fotónica sobre silicio. Sin embargo, las pérdidas por absorción de los metales a frecuencias ópticas impiden su uso para el guiado de la luz en grandes distancias. Se hace evidente, por tanto, los beneficios de unificar estos dos mundos. Usando el silicio como material conductor de la señal óptica y el metal como eficiente interactor con la luz en estructuras sub-lambda, se pueden crear nuevos dispositivos para la manipulación de las propiedades de la luz en la nanoescala.
Esta Tesis está centrada en la integración de estructuras con dimensiones sub-lambda en guías de silicio y en su aplicación a nuevas funcionalidades de manipulación de la luz en chips de silicio. Dichas nanoestructuras sirven de transductores entre la luz guiada y la radiación en espacio libre, por lo que también pueden ser denominadas nanoantenas. Para empezar, se describen las propiedades de los modos guiados en guías de onda de silicio para la correcta excitación de las nanoantenas, seguido de la demostración de técnicas de integración de estas nanoestructuras en las propias guías para aumentar su eficiencia de interacción con la luz guiada. Además, se demuestra el control coherente de la absorción y el scattering de una nanoantenna metálica integrada en una guía de silicio. Por último, a partir del posicionamiento asimétrico de la nanoestructura con respecto a la guía, se proponen y demuestran nuevos métodos de manipulación de la polarización, como la capacidad para sintetizar estados de polarización deseados a escala nanométrica. Esto desembocará en la demostración teórica y experimental de un nanopolarímetro de Stokes, basado en tecnología fotónica sobre silicio, capaz de determinar el estado de polarización de manera local, óptima, y no destructiva, habilitándose su uso para medidas de polarización en tiempo real en circuitos integrados.Silicon photonics has become the most important technology in integrated photonic chips production. Its great advantages, including its suitability for large-scale production and low-cost production, as a result of the possibility of using CMOS technology, are sufficient reason to justify its supremacy over other integration platforms. Despite the multiple devices already implemented in this technology, among which include WDM filters or electro-optical modulators, there is still room for improvement, especially in terms of reducing the devices footprint or the creation of new functionalities for the manipulation of light. Such improvements could be carried out by integrating components with sub-lambda dimensions arising in the field known as plasmonics. This discipline studies the interaction between light and metals, which is mediated by the existence of waves known as surface plasmons. One of the key properties of plasmons is their ability to confine light well beyond the diffraction limit, which is limiting in the case of silicon photonics. However, losses due to the absorption of metals at optical frequencies prevent their use for guiding light over long distances. Therefore, the benefits of unifying these two worlds becomes evident. By using silicon as the conductive material of the optical signal and the metal as an efficient light interconnector in subwavelength structures, new devices can be created for the manipulation of the properties of light at the nanoscale. This thesis is focused on the integration of structures with subwavelength dimensions in silicon waveguides and in their application to new functionalities of light manipulation in silicon chips. These nanostructures serve as transducers between guided light and free space radiation, so they can also be termed nanoantennas. To begin with, the guided modes properties in silicon waveguides are described for the correct excitation of the nanoantennas, followed by the demonstration of integration techniques of these nanostructures in these waveguides to increase their interaction efficiency with the guided light. In addition, the coherent control of the absorption and scattering of a metallic nanoantenna integrated in a silicon waveguide is demonstrated. Finally, from the asymmetric positioning of the nanostructure with respect to the waveguide, new polarization manipulation methods are proposed and demonstrated, such as the ability to synthesize desired states of polarization at the nanoscale. This will lead to the theoretical and experimental demonstration of a Stokes nanopolarimeter, based on photon-on-silicon technology, capable of determining the polarization state locally, optimally, and non-destructively, enabling its use for real-time polarization measurements in integrated circuits.
La fotònica sobre silici s'ha convertit en la tecnologia més important en la producció de xips integrats fotònics. Els seus grans avantatges, entre les quals destaquen la seva idoneïtat per a la fabricació a gran escala i el seu baix cost de producció, com a resultat de la possibilitat de l'ús tecnologia CMOS, són motiu suficient per justificar la seva supremacia sobre altres plataformes d'integració. Malgrat els múltiples dispositius ja implementats en aquesta tecnologia, entre els quals cal destacar filtres WDM o moduladors electro-òptics, encara hi ha espai per a la millora, sobretot quant a la reducció del foot-print dels dispositius o a la creació de noves funcionalitats per a la manipulació de la llum. Aquestes millores podrien portar-se a terme mitjançant la integració de components amb dimensions sub-lambda sorgits en el camp conegut com plasmònica. Aquesta disciplina estudia la interacció entre la llum i els metalls, que ve intervinguda per l'existència d'ones conegudes com plasmons de superfície. Una de les propietats clau dels plasmons és la seva capacitat per confinar la llum molt per sobre del límit de difracció, la qual cosa és limitant en el cas de la fotònica sobre silici. No obstant això, les pèrdues per absorció dels metalls a freqüències òptiques impedeixen el seu ús per al guiat de la llum en grans distàncies. Es fa evident, per tant, els beneficis d'unificar aquests dos mons. Usant el silici com a material conductor del senyal òptic i el metall com eficient interactor amb la llum en estructures sub-lambda, es poden crear nous dispositius per a la manipulació de les propietats de la llum en la nanoescala. Aquesta Tesi està centrada en la integració d'estructures amb dimensions sub-lambda en guies de silici i en la seva aplicació a noves funcionalitats de manipulació de la llum en xips de silici. Aquestes nanoestructures serveixen de transductors entre la llum guiada i la radiació en espai lliure, de manera que també poden ser denominades nanoantenes. Per començar, es descriuen les propietats de les maneres guiats en guies d'ona de silici per a la correcta excitació de les nanoantenes, seguit de la demostració de tècniques d'integració d'aquestes nanoestructures en les pròpies guies per augmentar la seva eficiència d'interacció amb la llum guiada. A més, es demostra el control coherent de l'absorció i el scattering d'una nanoantenna metàl·lica integrada en una guia de silici. Finalment, a partir del posicionament asimètric de la nanoestructura respecte a la guia, es proposen i demostren nous mètodes de manipulació de la polarització, com la capacitat per sintetitzar estats de polarització desitjats a escala nanomètrica. Això desembocarà en la demostració teòrica i experimental d'un nanopolarímetre de Stokes, basat en tecnologia fotònica sobre silici, capaç de determinar l'estat de polarització de manera local, òptima, i no destructiva, habilitant el seu ús per a mesures de polarització en temps real en circuits integrats.
Espinosa Soria, A. (2018). Design and implementation of nanoantennas on integrated guides and their application on polarization analysis and synthesis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/105382
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Kao, Chung-yao. "The design, development and validation of a specific purpose test of English for Taiwanese tour guides." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23068.
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The aim of this thesis is the design, development and validation of a specific purpose test of English for Taiwanese tour guides (TG Test) on a trial basis. The existing TG test is a general proficiency test, and has a number of drawbacks with reference to the measurement of language use ability as a tour guide at work. The reasons for the use of a specific purpose test is that (1) performance varies according to the language use contexts, (2) a specific purpose test is clearer about the language use domain of interest, i.e., how Taiwanese use English as tour guides in their work, and (3) test performance is interpreted from the perspective of the test user. Central to testing language for specific purposes (LSP) is the notion that test content and test methods are derived from an analysis of a specific language use domain. Task authenticity, directness in test method, and criterion-referencing in terms of interpreting test performance are related to the LSP test design and development. Analysis of language use contexts and the workplace is a critical feature in the LSP test design. Collaboration with field experts is important in LSP test development. Test validation concerns the process of gathering evidence in support of the claim that the test measures the abilities it proposes for a given test purpose. Validity is viewed as a unitary concept (Messick, 1989). Validity inquiry includes collecting evidence of test interpretation, as well as examining the consequences of the test interpretation and test use. Messick's "facets of validity inquiry" will be the framework for the TG test validation. Preliminary results showed that the new TG test was empirically valid and broadly acceptable to the test users.
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Kotze, Yolanda. "Developing a framework for the writing of ESP study guides / Yolanda Kotze." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1699.
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Teaching through specifically designed and produced learning materials is a widely
used and accepted way of teaching in higher education both nationally and
internationally. Although this kind of teaching is used mainly in the field of distance
education, it has become increasingly popular at traditional universities in face-to-face
methods of education. Developing language-learning materials that meets the needs of
English for Specific Purposes learners is a process that requires meticulous planning as
English for Specific Purposes courses are aimed at meeting the career needs of the
learners.
An empirical study was conducted to determine the perceptions and concerns of
learners using the ENGL 122 study guide at the North-West University (Potchefstroom
Campus). The results of the study indicated that the learners were positive that the
study guide enhanced their learning process, but various concerns were also raised by
the learners.
This study also aimed to create a framework for the writing of English for Specific
Purposes (ESP) study guides. In order to achieve this, a literature study was done to
provide information about the relevant theories and principles that apply to ESP study
guide development. The literature study also included aspects that need to be taken
into consideration when designing or planning the development of an ESP study guide.Thesis (Ph.D. (English))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Albert, Jacques. "Characterizations and design of planar optical waveguides and directional couplers by two-step K+ -Na+ ion-exchange in glass." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75759.
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Planar optical waveguides fabricated by K$ sp+$-Na$ sp+$ ion-exchange in soda-lime glass substrates are investigated.Experimental characterizations of planar waveguide with respect to a wide range of fabrication conditions have been carried out, including detailed measurements of the refractive index anisotropy resulting from the large induced surface stresses.
Parallel to this, the non-linear diffusion process of ion-exchange was simulated numerically to provide, along with the results of the characterizations, a complete description of the refractive index profile from any set of fabrication conditions.
The magnitude of the maximum surface index change observed was shown theoretically to be almost entirely due to the induced stress at the surface of the substrate, arising from the presence of the larger potassium ions.
Finally, a novel class of single-mode channel waveguides, made by a "two-step" ion-exchange was analyzed. A simple model for these waveguides was developed and used in the design of two directional coupler structures which were fabricated and measured.
The two-step process was conceived because it relaxes waveguides' dimensional control, yielding single-mode guides of larger size, better suited for low-loss connections to optical fibers. It also provides an additional degree of freedom to adjust device properties.
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Helmy, Ahmed. "Characterization of substrate noise coupling, its impacts and remedies in RF and mixed-signal ICs." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1160150387.
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Wang, K. "Design, measurement and analysis of multimode light guides and waveguides for display systems and optical backplane interconnections." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1435557/.
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The aim of the research in this thesis was to design and model multimode lightguides for optimising visible light for liquid crystal display systems and to design, model and experimentally test infrared light propagation within polymer multimode waveguides as board-to-board interconnects for high data rate communication. Ray tracing models the behaviour of a novel LCD colour separating backlight to optimize its efficiency by establishing the optimum dimensions and position for a unique micro-mirror array within the light guide. The output efficiency increased by 38.2% compared to the case without the embedded mirror array. A novel simulation technique combined a model of liquid crystal director orientation and a non-sequential ray tracing program was used first time to compute the reflected intensity from a LCOS device for a rear projection TV system. The performance of the LCOS display was characterised by computing the contrast ratio over a ±15° viewing cone. Photolithographically manufactured embedded multimode waveguides made from acrylate Truemode® polymer are characterized by measuring the optical transmission loss of key waveguide components including. straight, bend and crossing. Design rules derived from the experimental measurement were used to optimize optical PCB (OPCB) layout. A most compact and complex optical interconnects layout up-to-date for data centres, including parallel straight waveguide sections, cascaded 90° bends and waveguide crossing other than 90° angles, was designed, tested and used in an optic-electrical demonstration platform to convey a 10.3 Gb/s data. A further new method for reducing the end facet roughness and so the coupling loss, by curing a thin layer of core material at the end of the waveguide facet to cover the roughness fluctuations, was proposed and successfully demonstrated giving the best results reported to date resulting in an improvement of 2.8 dB which was better than the results obtained by using index matching fluid.
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Maritz, Andries Johannes Nicolaas. "Investigation and design of a slotted waveguide antenna with low 3D sidelobes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4161.
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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An investigation into the cause of undesired sidelobes in the 3D radiation pattern of slotted waveguide arrays is conducted. It is hypothesized that the cross-polarization of the antenna is at fault, along with the possibility that an error is made when designing a linear array. In investigating and finding a solution to the problem, the “Z-slot ” is introduced in conjunction with polarizer plates. The base components are used by a custom optimization algorithm to design reference and solution antennas. Results of the antennas are then compared to ascertain the cause and possible solutions for the unwanted sidelobes. The generic nature of the process may be used to characterize other arbitrary aperture configurations and to design larger antennas.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Ondersoek om die oorsaak van ongewensde sylobbe in die 3D uitstraalpatroon van golfleier-antennas vas te stel. Die hipotese is dat die probleem ontstaan uit die kruis-polarisasie van die antenna, tesame met ‘n verkeerdelikke aanname dat die opstelling liniêr is. Die “Z-Gleuf” tesame met polariseringsplate word voorgestel as hulpmiddel om die moontlikke oorsake te ondersoek. ‘n Gespesialiseerde optime erings-algoritme benut hierdie basiskomponente om beide verwysings- en oplossing-antennas te ontwerp. Resultate van die ontwerpde antennas word dan vergelyk om die oorsaak van die ongewensde sylobbe te vas te stel. Die generiese aard van die proses kan toegepas word op enige gleuf-konfigurasie en om groter antennas mee te ontwerp.
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Lysevych, Mykhaylo. "Design, growth, fabrication and characterisation of high power single mode InGaAsP/InP lasers." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/125031.
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The concept of optical signal amplification in telecommunication networks has resulted in considerable reduction of the bandwidth cost, due to significantly increased distance between the regenerators or in some cases complete elimination from the links. However further cost reduction requires more efficient, reliable and powerful components. For instance the increase of the optical link length or number of channels in the link requires increased pump laser power used for signal amplification. Hence there is a great demand from the telecommunication industry for the development of high power single spatial mode lasers. Single mode InP-based lasers are required for pumping of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA), erbium-doped fluoride fiber amplifiers (EDFFA), and Raman amplifiers, while the same structure with antireflection coatings can be used as Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (SOA). The two main mechanisms limiting the output power in InP-based lasers are gain saturation and two-photon absorption. In this work the avenues to overcome those limitations and increase the output power of single mode InP-based lasers are studied. Broad-waveguide lasers have attracted a lot of attention lately. Increased waveguide thickness results in reduced interaction of the optical field with the highly absorbing heavily doped cladding regions and reduced active region optical confinement factor, thereby allowing longer devices capable of producing high output power to be fabricated. Broad-waveguide structures with optimised p-doping studied in this work have very low internal optical losses of 2.3 (1/cm). However, as shown in this work efficient carrier injection (hole injection in particular) through thick undoped waveguide region is a major issue. The method proposed in this work of improving hole injection in broad-waveguide lasers by placing the active region close to the p-doped cladding show less roll-over and as a result the improvement of laser output power of more than 25% is obtained. The effects of reduced active region optical confinement factor and improved hole injection on laser performance are decoupled in the study, clearly indicating that the improvement is due to improved hole injection. Merged beam laser (MBL) is a more complex method of increasing the output power of a single mode laser proposed in this work. Splitting the optical field into two with Y-coupler reduces gain saturation hence increasing the net gain of the mode, while maintaining single spatial mode. MBL was successfully fabricated and compared with the standard ridge waveguide laser and it shows 30% higher output power for the same injection current. The MBL shows virtually no roll-over and at 3000 mA (limited by current source) produced 229 mW of power. Additionally due to its distinctive design its spectral characteristic is strongly dominated by a single mode. The study of the methods of increasing the laser output powers proposed in this work suggests that they can be successfully implemented in InP-based laser.
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Hudson, Frederick Michael Lewis. "NMR characterization guides the design of beta hairpins and sheets while providing insights into folding cooperativity and dynamics /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8639.
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Peel, Sean. "A new design process intervention to promote efficient, evidenced, and safe development of patient-specific implants and guides." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/10064.
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This research identified drivers and barriers to routine National Health Service (NHS) adoption of Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Additive Manufacturing (AM) for the production of patient-specific devices. It proposed and verified a design process intervention, which aimed to overcome the most important barriers and better exploit the drivers. The data generated and recorded in this work spanned qualitative and quantitative findings from fourteen real-world clinical case studies, a fully-realised structure for a Quality Management System (QMS), prototyping of a design intervention in a paper-based format, and verification of its intended impacts with three users across commercial and clinical contexts. Key barriers to routine adoption were identified as being the nature of existing publications, evolving regulatory requirements, poor awareness of design or design control, and inconsistent approaches to procuring custom devices. The literature featured necessarily short clinical follow-up, and often reported on design and fabrication methods in very poor detail – to the detriment of reproducibility. Health economics evidence was scarce. In the short to medium term future, new regulatory requirements will compel all institutions, including hospitals, to implement a Quality Management System for the design of medical devices. As such, generalisable procedures, forms, and records for compliance with the BS EN ISO 13485 quality standard were devised, and used as the foundation of the design intervention. The QMS-led design intervention form aimed to: create fully-populated product requirements lists before commencing modelling; introduce project management, identification, traceability, review, verification, and feedback activities; improve the confidence and experience of the designer or acting designer; and prompt record keeping in-line with the requirements of ISO 13485. It achieved all of these aims, at least as far as could be ascertained within the research constraints. Further expansion and verification of the framework is required in future – across different specific surgeries and across more users.
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Caumon, Céline. "Cahier de tendances : Identification et Expérience commune de la couleur." Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20057.
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À la croisée des mondes de l'art, de la mode, de la sociologie, du marketing et de la veille concurrentielle, les cahiers de tendances aident les industriels à cerner les marchés de demain. Placées en amont de la chaîne de fabrication, ces prescriptions contribuent aux développements thématiques, chromatiques, linguistiques et culturels qui prennent place dans la société de consommation, et fluctuent sur l'environnement social qui en découle. Les bureaux de style, plus communément nommés agences de tendances, apparaissent à l'origine des types (ou modes) expressifs diffusés par l'image médiatique. Par l'étude du processus de conception chromatique d'une saison, on comprend tous les enjeux de la couleur au sein d'un système mercantile et globalisant ; entre apprentissage occidental et exportation globale, langue courante et langue de spécialité, type et prototype de reproduction ; enfin, classification lexico chromatique et systèmes de la couleur. Alors, pourquoi ne pas y regarder de plus près ?In crossed worlds of art, fashion, sociology, marketing and competing day before, the Trends books help industrialists to encircle tomorrow's markets. Placed upstream production line, these regulations contribute to the cultural developments sets of themes, chromatics, linguistics and which take seat in the consumer society, and fluctuate on the social environment which results from this. The style and forecasting agency appear at the origin of the expressive types diffused by the media or the newspaper. By the study of the process of design chromatic one season, one includes/understands all the stakes of the color within a system mercantile for universalizationg, between Western training and total export, current language and language of speciality, type and prototype of reproduction ; finally, systems of the color. Then, why not look at moreover meadows ?
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Kindborg, Elofsson Alice. "Hur skiljer sig populärvetenskapliga framställningari två olika medier, e-bok och video? : En jämförande analys av Introducing books och Explainer videos. Explained* och Introducing – Graphic guides." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18787.
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Denna studie undersöker hur populärvetenskapliga framställningar gestaltas för e-bok och video. Resultatet visar de mediespecifika skillnader som medierna e-bok och video för med sig. Detta görs i en studie med två exempel genom jämförande visuell analys av två olika typer av medium som båda förklarar samma fenomen med olika multimodala förutsättningar. Analysen gör det möjligt att se och dra slutsatser kring vad mediumet för med sig för skillnader. Ämnet är intressant för producenter av populärvetenskap. Syftet med studien är att undersöka, genom visuell analys, hur samma ämne gestaltas i e-bok och video. Beroende på medium har producenter av populärvetenskap, och designers med intresse för pedagogiskt material, helt olika förutsättningar och begränsningar i produktionen. Efter att studien är gjord har det framgått vad populärvetenskapliga framställningar i e-bok och video har för designlikheter. I det första exemplet behandlas multimodaliteter i e-boken Introducing Mind and Brain, A Graphic Guide, (Gellatly och Zarate 2018) och videon THE MIND explained: Memory (Netlfix 2019). För att avgränsa materialet används den sekvens från vardera medium som förklarar hur känslor kan bidra till att förstärka minnen. I det andra exemplet behandlas multimodaliteter i e-boken Introducing Aesthetics, A Graphic Guide (Kul-Want 2010) och videon Explained: Beauty (Netlfix 2019). För att avgränsa används den sekvens från vardera medium som förklarar att skönhet är subjektivt. Resultaten av den jämförande analysen diskuteras avslutningsvis för att besvara forskningsfrågan: Hur skiljer sig populärvetenskapliga framställningar i två olika medier, e-bok och video? Sammanfattningsvis gestaltas ämnet på olika vis beroende på medium men med designlikheter. Resultatet visar på att populärvetenskapliga framställningar i olika medium delas in i kortare pedagogiska sekvenser. De innehåller ofta verkliga exempel på situationer som mottagaren kan koppla informationen till, och tydliga visuella ledtrådar som guidar mottagaren genom materialet. Medierna har också gemensamt att de innehåller element som förstärker materialets legitimitet.
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Damala, Areti. "Interaction design and evaluation of mobile guides for the Museum Visit : e case study in multimedia and mobile augmented reality." Paris, CNAM, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CNAM0630.
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This thesis is about the introduction and use of mobile multimedia guides in the museum setting. Its main research hypothesis is that the use of mobile Augmented Reality (AR) technologies and the AR metaphor as a principal component for the conceptual and interaction design of mobile museum guide applications could greatly facilitate interaction and navigation both in the mobile multimedia application and in the sensitive museum ecology. The thesis is composed of seven chapters. It is divided in two parts. Part A, composed of chapters 1, 2 and 3 lays the theoretical foundations regarding the main research hypothesis. Part B, composed of chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7, explores and tests this research hypothesis, through the iterative design, implementation and evaluation of a mobile AR guide for a contemporary French museum of Fine Arts. Chapter 1 introduces the topic, the research problem, the motivations and the objectives of the work undertaken and briefly discusses the outcomes of the research. Chapter 2 presents the state of the art in mobile multimedia guides for the museum setting and introduces a set of classification criteria regarding mobile multimedia museum guides (media employed, geolocalization capabilities, data storage, platform type, platform ownership, personalization, collaborative applications, edutainment activities). Two mobile museum guide projects, in which the author participated, Mobivisit and DANAE, are presented in more detail. Particular emphasis is given on the different strategies employed for resolving geolocalization and navigation issues, both in the museum space and the interactive application. Chapter 2 also highlights human, economical and technological challenges and barriers to overcome that have been so far preventing the generalization of use of mobile multimedia guides in the museum context. These may range from curators’ fears that a guide could be used in a distractive manner to the lack of authoring tools and the practicalities involved in setting-up, financing and maintaining such an educational resource. Having provided a theoretical background regarding the modalities of use of mobile museum guides, Chapter 3 looks deeper into the complex issue of interaction with mobile devices in the museum environment. After analyzing the ways in which a visitor’s attention gets fuzzily allocated among the museum guide and the surrounding environment (the museum object and other co-visitors), the main research hypothesis is introduced: that the use of mobile Augmented Reality (AR) technologies and the AR metaphor, might have the potential to enrich and facilitate the interaction of a museum visitor with the museum environment and the interactive application, providing straightforward links between the physical (the museum environment) and the digital (the mobile museum guide application). The chapter then introduces AR exposing the most influential definitions and proposing a complementary one, looks into principal Having provided a theoretical background regarding the modalities of use of mobile museum guidesEtude d’Interaction et Evaluation de Guides Portables Multimédia pour la visite culturelle: Des Multimédia à la Réalité Augmentée Mobile (Interaction Design and Evaluation of Mobile Guides for the Museum Visit : A case study in Multimedia and Mobile Augmented Reality). Cette thèse traite l’introduction et l’usage des guides portables multimédia (GPM) d’aide à la visite culturelle. Son hypothèse de travail principale consiste à examiner en quel degré l’usage de technologies de Réalité Augmentée (RA) mobile -en tant qu’élément principal pour la conception et l’implémentation des GPM- pourrait faciliter l’interaction et la navigation tant dans l’application interactive mobile que dans l’écologie sensible de l’enceinte du musée. Le mémoire comporte sept chapitres et est divisé en deux parties. La 1ère partie (chapitres 1-3) pose les fondements théoriques concernant l’hypothèse de recherche principale. La 2ème partie (chapitres 4-7) explore et évalue cette hypothèse de recherche à travers la conception itérative, l’implémentation et l’évaluation d’un GPM basée RA conçu pour un musée des Beaux Arts français (le Musée des Beaux Arts de Rennes). Le 1er chapitre introduit le sujet de recherche en le plaçant dans le contexte plus global de l’Interaction Homme-Machine (IHM) mobile. Nous examinons aussi la façon dont les pratiques d’interprétation et de vulgarisation de l’héritage culturel pour le grand public à l’aide des NTIC ont fait émergé les GPM comme un support nouveau de médiation culturelle. Le 2ème chapitre présente l’état de l’art dans le domaine des guides portables multimédia de visite culturelle, et introduit des critères de classification pour les guides existants. Sont présentés de manière plus extensive et en utilisant les critères de classification au préalable introduit, deux projets des guides portables multimédia pour la visite culturelle, dans l’élaboration desquels l’auteur a participé: MOBIVISIT et DANAE. L’accent est plus particulièrement mis sur les différentes stratégies employées pour la résolution des problèmes de géolocalisation et de navigation tant dans l’espace du musée
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Fiser, Timothy Paul. "Impact of Teacher Feedback on the Development of State Issued Scoring Guides for Science Inquiry and Engineering Design Performance Assessments." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/991.
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In 2010, Oregon Department of Education (ODE) developed a set of rubrics designed to score a state required performance assessment targeting Science Inquiry (SI) and Engineering Design (ED) skills. During the development of the rubrics, ODE invited six panels of teachers to provide feedback on an early draft of the rubrics. This case study analyzed the teachers' feedback and the revisions of the rubrics to identify the types of feedback teachers offered and how ODE used that feedback to develop the rubrics. The results showed the teachers' feedback focused on defining the skills students were asked to demonstrate and distinguishing levels of student performance. There was clear evidence that the teachers' feedback had a substantial impact on the development of the rubrics. These results suggest that teachers can add substantial value during the development of a state issued assessment tool.
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Selimoglu, Ozgur. "Design And Realization Of A New Concentrating Photovoltaic Solar Energy Module Based On Lossless Horizontally Staggered Light Guide." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615639/index.pdf.
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Concentrating Photovoltaic systems are good candidates for low cost and clean
electricity generation from solar energy. CPV means replacing much of the
expensive semiconductor photovoltaic cells with the cheaper optics. Although the
idea is simple, CPV systems have several problems inherent to their system design,
such as module thickness, expensive PV cells and overheating. Light guide systems
are good alternatives to classical CPV systems that can clear off most of the
problems of those systems. In this thesis we explore a new light-guide based solar
concentrator by optical design and simulations. It is shown that this solar
concentrator can reach 1000x geometric concentration, 96.5% optical efficiency
with a ±1 degree acceptance angle. As a result of simulations, effectiveness of the horizontally staggered light guide solar concentrators is proved. A practical module study is carried on to improve the knowledge related to light guide CPV systems. The concentrator geometry is fabricated as a medium concentrator system with a geometric concentration of 45x and +-2 degrees acceptance angle. With the prototype level injection molding 74% optical efficiency is achieved and can be improved with a better mold manufacturing. A cost analyses is also performed with real manufacturing parameters and it is shown that grid parity can be achieved with this kind of light guide solar concentrators.
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Pinheiro, Helder Fleury 1967. "The application of Trefftz-FLAME to electromagnetic wave problems /." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115703.
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Numerical analysis of the electromagnetic fields in large, complex structures is very challenging due to the high computational overhead. Recently, it has been shown that a new method called Trefftz-FLAME ( Flexible Local Approximation MEthod) is suitable for problems where there exist a large number of similar structures.This thesis develops Trefftz-FLAME in two areas. First, a novel 2D Trefftz-FLAME method incorporates the modal analysis and port boundary condition that are essential to an accurate calculation of reflection and transmission coefficients for photonic crystal devices. The new technique outperforms existing methods in both accuracy and computational cost.
The second area pertains to the 3D, vector problem of electromagnetic wave scattering by aggregates of identical dielectric particles. A methodology for the development of local basis functions is introduced, applicable to particles of any shape and composition. Boundary conditions on the surface of the finite FLAME domain are described, capable of representing the incident wave and absorbing the outgoing radiation. A series of problems involving dielectric spheres is solved to validate the new method. Comparison with exact solutions is possible in some cases and shows that the method is able to produce accurate near-field results even when the computational grid spacing is equal to the radius of the spheres.
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Cleveland, William Peter. "Improving pilot understanding of TCAS through the traffic situation display." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47726.
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The goal of this thesis is to improve pilot understanding of the Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) by changing the Traffic Situation Display (TSD). This is supported by two objectives.
The first objective is to create an integrated, realistic air traffic environment. This serves as an experimental platform for testing and evaluating future TCAS TSDs. The simulator environment includes a desktop flight simulator, background air traffic simulator, and intruder aircraft. The intruder aircraft uses seven dimensional waypoints to robustly follow trajectories and cause specific resolution advisories.
Second, the relative benefits of, and potential concerns with, new TCAS TSDs are explored using a structured, iterative design process with subject matter ex- perts (SMEs). Incremental changes to the TSD were implemented into the simulator environment. SMEs evaluated the displays and potential points of confusion were identified.
Several display features are discussed and implemented for future evaluations. These include boundary lines of TCAS variables depicted on the TSD and on a vertical situation display, speed lines which vary with the TCAS estimate of time to closest point of approach, and a prediction of the safe altitude target during a resolution advisory.
Scenarios which may be confusing or misleading are discussed. These scenarios may be ameliorated or exacerbated by display features. This information is useful to guide both design and certification or operational approval and is a starting place for future TCAS experiments.
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Serna, Otálvaro Samuel Felipe. "Design and characterization of Silicon Photonic structures for third order nonlinear effects." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS409/document.
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Le présent travail a été consacré à l'étude des non linéarités de troisième ordre dans des structures intégrées à base de silicium exploitant des configurations de cavités à miroir de Bragg (nanobeam) et guides à cristaux photoniques à modes lents. Tout d'abord, nous avons développé une méthode non destructive à faisceau unique pour caractériser les effets de troisième ordre instantanés, c’est-à-dire la quantification de la susceptibilité complexe effective dans les guides d'ondes. La méthode a été dénommée "Top-hat D-Scan bi-directionnelle" et constitue un analogue temporel de la méthode Top-hat Z-Scan développée précédemment. Nous avons établi un modèle analytique et numérique et nous rendons compte de la première mesure d'un guide d'ondes en silicium utilisant une impulsion mis en forme dans un étireur et complétée par une procédure d’injection bi-directionnelle. L’ensemble instrumental développé constitue une expérience de métrologie des effets non-linéaires dans des guides d’ondes silicium au meilleur niveau de l’état de l’art. La méthode proposée a été validée dans des guides SiGe, chalcogénures et nitrure du silicium. Forts de cet outil métrologique, nos travaux d’exploration des interactions non linéaires lumière-matière ont été consacrés à deux grandes familles de nanostructures photoniques : des microcavités optiques et guides d'ondes en régime de lumière lente. Dans la première des deux situations, les variations d'indice provoquées par les non linéarités sont responsables d’un décalage des fréquences de résonance excluant sa coïncidence avec la fréquence du signal d'excitation et diminuant ainsi l'efficacité de l'injection optique de manière drastique. Afin de maintenir le bénéfice de localisation de la lumière tout au long de l'excitation pulsée, nous avons expérimentalement et numériquement étudié le comportement d'une cavité en silicium conçue, fabriquée, et enfin excitée par une impulsion présentant une puissance crête élevée. En contrôlant temporellement la phase des composantes spectrales injectée, la relation de phase spectrale compensant la dérive de fréquence non linéaire de la résonance de la cavité, nous avons effectué la première démonstration expérimentale de l'excitation cohérente d'une micro-cavité silicium non linéaire. Enfin, nous avons consacré des efforts importants pour concevoir, fabriquer et caractériser des guides d'ondes à cristaux photoniques (SPhCW) en silicium à fente, matrice d’une intégration hybride de matériaux optiques non-linéaires sur silicium. Les résultats rapportés fournissent la première preuve expérimentale d’un contrôle précis des propriétés de dispersion de guides à cristaux photoniques à fente propres à être remplis par des matériaux souples comme des polymères ou des couches minces dopées. La dispersion de groupe des modes lents guidés est contrôlable en signe et en amplitude et correspond à des bandes passantes optiques exploitables (~10nm). Ces résultats démontrent l’intérêt direct pour le traitement des données tout-optique sur puce des guides à modes lents à cœur creux utilisant des effets optiques non linéaires d’ordre trois pour le traitement tout-optique des données sur puceAll-optical signal processing implemented in silicon photonics is considered as a promising route to solve several bottlenecks for the realization of future dense and mixed integrated electronic and photonic chips including ultrahigh data bit rate issues and power consumption constraints. In the context of the planar silicon photonics technology, a dramatic reduction of the needed power to reach optical nonlinear effects is obtained due to the sub-micrometer size of silicon wires (~450nmX260nm) in the telecommunication wavelength window, although silicon does not exhibit second-order response (χ^((2))) due to the centrosymmetry of its lattice. Moreover, third-order effects (χ^((3))) are partially spoiled in this material due to the strength of the two-photon-absorption (TPA) effect, which in turn generates free-carriers inducing additional absorption and refractive index changes. One way to overcome this limitation is the hybrid integration on silicon of low index soft materials with luminescence or nonlinear optical properties lacking to silicon. In this context, the present work is devoted to the study of third order nonlinearities in silicon-based integrated structures exploiting enhanced electromagnetic field effects (e.g. in Si resonators and slow light waveguides). First, we have developed a dedicated single beam non-destructive method to characterize the instantaneous third order effects though the quantification of complex effective waveguide susceptibility. The method is named “Bi-directional top-hat D-Scan” and consists on a temporal analogous of the top-hat Z-Scan. We have established an analytical and numerical model and we report the first measurement of a silicon waveguide by using a pulse shaping set-up and a bi-directional procedure. The originality of our methods stands in the capability to measure in two steps : the 3rd order nonlinear Figure-Of-Merit (FOM) independently of the injection losses, and the effective nonlinear waveguide parameters (Kerr and TPA) taking into account measured coupling losses at each facet. Furthermore, we apply the method to other integrated novel materials including Ge-rich GeSi alloys, carbon nanotube doped thin films, and chalcogenide waveguides. Additionally, two further enhancements of light-matter nonlinear interactions have been explored within this work: optical microcavities and slow light waveguides. In the first picture, index variations caused by non-linearities shift the resonance frequencies precluding the coincidence with the excitation signal frequency, thereby decreasing the injection efficiency. In order to maintain the benefit of light localization throughout the pulsed excitation, we have experimentally and numerically studied the behavior of a designed and fabricated silicon nanobeam cavity excited by a high power tailored chirped pulse whose spectral phase relation compensates for the nonlinear frequency drift of the cavity resonance. We report a numerical study of this first experimental demonstration of the coherent excitation of a nonlinear micro-cavity, leading to an enhanced intra-cavity nonlinear interaction. Finally, we have dedicated efforts to engineer, fabricate and characterize silicon slot photonic crystal waveguides (SPhCW) in order to compensate their strong dispersion present in the slow light regime while taking benefit from large group index light propagation. We showed that their frequency dispersion properties can be engineered from anomalous to normal dispersion, along with zero group velocity dispersion (ZGVD) crossing points exhibiting a Normalized Delay Bandwidth Product (NDBP) as high as 0.156. The reported results provide the first experimental evidence for an accurate control of the dispersion properties of fillable periodical slotted structures in silicon photonics, which is of direct interest for on-chip all-optical data treatment using nonlinear optical effects in hybrid-on-silicon technologies
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Kurt, Hamza. "Photonic crystals analysis, design and biochemical sensing applications /." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06252006-174301/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Papapolymerou, John, Committee Member ; Adibi, Ali, Committee Member ; Citrin, David, Committee Chair ; Summers, Christopher, Committee Member ; Voss, Paul, Committee Member.
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De, Villiers Dirk I. L. "Analysis and design of conical transmission line power combiners." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/607.
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Latry, Olivier. "Théorie des modes locaux dans les guides perturbés application : couplage fibre optique - photodiode PIN." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUE5001.
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La réduction des dimensions des composants optoélectroniques constitue une contrainte importante pour un couplage optimal avec la fibre optique. Le but recherché étant de focaliser le maximum de lumière à l'intérieur de la couche intrinsèque de la photodiode, il faudrait donc envisager de réduire le diamètre de la fibre optique. Une étude du bout de la fibre est également menée et montre que pour une forme lentillée appropriée, il est possible d'adapter la distribution d'énergie entre fibre optique et photodiode. Le calcul du champ le long de ce guide de dimensions lentement décroissantes utilise la méthode des modes locaux. Cette méthode est employée car il n'y a pas de solutions exactes aux équations de Maxwell. En réalité, le champ total est la superposition des champs locaux et du champ radiatif. Les pertes d'énergie le long de ce guide sont analysées avec la théorie du couplage des modes locaux. On obtient alors un bilan le long de ce guide que l'on cherche à optimiser. La comparaison de ces résultats avec la simulation numérique quasi 3 D de la propagation optique guidée sur ALCOR est également réalisée. Ceci permet de définir la structure la mieux adaptée pour un couplage optimum entre la fibre et le composant
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Xue, Rui. "Improving Cooperation between Systems Engineers and Project Managers in Engineering Projects - Towards the alignment of Systems Engineering and Project Management standards and guides." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0018/document.
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L’ingénierie système et le management de projet sont deux disciplines essentielles dans l'industrie, et représentent deux facteurs essentiels pour la réussite des projets. Cependant, depuis de nombreuses années, s’est établie une barrière culturelle entre les praticiens de l'ingénierie des systèmes et ceux de la gestion de projet. Alors que l'ingénierie des systèmes s’intéresse aux éléments techniques, le management de projet a la responsabilité globale du projet ; de ce fait, certains considèrent que leurs activités sont indépendantes plutôt que de les considérer comme des parties d’un tout. Par conséquent, le travail coûte souvent plus, prend plus de temps, et fournit une solution non optimale pour le client. Alors comment faire pour supprimer les barrières entre les différentes équipes, les pratiques et les connaissances, afin de prendre les décisions dans le projet sur la base des vues intégrées de ces parties prenantes ? La réponse à cette question est essentielle pour assurer le succès du projet et améliorer la performance en entreprise. Cette thèse se place à l'intersection de plusieurs disciplines, notamment l’ingénierie système et le management de projet. Elle promeut le développement collaboratif de systèmes multi-technologies et la prise de décision partagée entre les parties prenantes. Notre premier objectif porte sur l'harmonisation des descriptions des processus du management de projet et d'ingénierie des systèmes sur la base des normes et guides de bonnes pratiques internationaux. Notre proposition est d'élaborer un cadre de processus fondamentaux et alignés pour supporter le management des processus d’ingénierie système qui peut être adapté à des entreprises de profils différents (PME, ETI ou grands groupes). Pour cela, nous comparons les cinq normes et guides d'ingénierie des systèmes (ANSI/EIA 632, ISO/IEC 15288, IEEE 1220, INCOSE Handbook et Sebok) et les trois normes et guides de gestion de projets (PMBoK, ISO 21500, ISO/IEC 29110) afin d'évaluer la cohérence de ces documents de référence en ce qui concerne les processus qu'ils décrivent et qui sont impliqués dans l'ensemble du projet. Au-delà de l'intégration des pratiques par l'utilisation de ce cadre, nous offrons aussi aux ingénieurs systèmes et managers un ensemble d'indicateurs qu'ils peuvent partager afin de faciliter la coopération entre eux et leur permettre une prise de décision collaboration dans le suivi et le pilotage des projets. Les indicateurs sont évalués à la fois par les ingénieurs systèmes et les managers et leur importance est décidée collaborativement à l’aide d’une méthode multicritère d’aide à la décision (AHP). Ensuite, sur la base des valeurs des indicateurs, les méthodes du chemin critique (CPM) et de gestion adaptative de la valeur acquise (EVM) sont utilisées pour évaluer l’avancement du projet et du développement du système. Quatre indices sont ainsi définis pour supporter le processus de prise de décision tout au long du projet afin de permettre la prise de décisions collaborative et de rendre celle-ci plus rationnelleIn a highly competitive economic context, companies need to improve their performance in entire life cycle of a product. It is often found that company organization leads to segregation between systems engineering and project management, with the result that decision-making is sometimes misguided and may compromise project execution, whereas, although they each have specific visions and targets, these disciplines are nonetheless intended to serve a common objective, which is to satisfy the customer. So it is an important issue to facilitate their adoption and their joint deployment within the company, in order to improve decision-making in engineering projects. The proposal of the thesis involves bringing systems engineering and project management closer together in order to help both systems engineers and project managers assess the project progress. Based on this assessment, they can adjust the project policy dynamically through the project life cycle. In this thesis, we first harmonize the standards and guides from systems engineering and project management domains and define an integrated process groups organized into 3 groups of processes. Then we identify a set of key indicators related to these process groups, indicators are then valuated and give the evaluation of the indicator based on the analytic hierarchy process method to integrate the views of systems engineers and project managers in an additional way. On the basis of these indicators, we use the critical path method and earned value management method to assess the project progress values and define two project indexes to assess and insight the project progress easier
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Harper, Kevin Randolph. "Theory, Design, and Fabrication of Diffractive Grating Coupler for Slab Waveguide." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2003. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd281.pdf.
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Damala, Areti. "Etude d'Interaction et Evaluation de Guides Portables Multimédia pour la visite culturelle: Des Multimédia à la Réalité Augmentée Mobile." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00526141.
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Cette thèse examine le contexte d'utilisation des guides portables multimédia comme aide alternative à la visite culturelle. Son hypothèse de recherche principal est que l'utilisation des technologies de Réalité Augmentée (RA) mobile et de la métaphore introduit par la RA en tant que component principal de conception et d'interaction concernant les guides multimedia portables, pourrait énormément faciliter l'interaction et la navigation, tant dans l'application interactif mobile que dans le contexte sensible du musée. Le domaine traité appartienne plus largement dans le contexte plus large de l'interaction Homme-Machine Mobile. Cependant, à cause de la nature du sujet traite, la thèse apporte aussi des éléments qui enrichissent l'état de l'art concernant l'interaction et évaluation des applications de RA mobile. Enfin, a cause de la nature de l'environnement ou l'expérience a eu lieu –le musée- la thèse apporte aussi des contributions sur les façons avec lesquelles l'utilisation des guides portables multimedia pour la visite culturelle peut altérer, transformer ou promouvoir l'expérience de la visite culturelle et les relations du musée contemporain avec ses publics. Après avoir examiné le contexte d'utilisation des guides portables multimedia pour la visite culturelle, proposé un set de critères de classification, réexaminé la notion d'interaction dans notre contexte de recherche et investigué de quelle manière les technologies de RA pourraient former l'analyse conceptionelle et fonctionnelle des guides portables multimedia, l'hypothèse de recherche principal est testé a travers la conception, l'implémentation et l'évaluation d'un guide de RA mobile, créé pour et avec le Musée des Beaux Arts de Rennes. La méthodologie et le protocole d'évaluation sont ensuite exposés avant de venir aux résultats des sessions d'évaluation qui ont eu lieu dans l'environnement du Musée. Des observations ont été combinée avec des entretiens semi-structurées, suivis ensuite d'un questionnaire et deux sessions des entretiens de group. L'analyse de donnes a démontré plusieurs avantages mais aussi inconvénients lies avec l'utilisation de la RA comme un alternative intuitive et facile a utiliser pour la geolocalisation, l'orientation, la navigation et l'interaction tant dans l'environnement du musée que dans l'environnement de l'application interactive.
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Neradovskiy, Maxim. "Guides d’ondes dans un cristal de niobate de lithium périodiquement polarisé : fabrication et étude par des techniques de microscopie à sonde locale." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4035/document.
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Nous avons étudié l'influence de la fabrication de guides d'ondes optiques par échange protonique doux(SPE) sur les cristaux de niobate de lithium (LN) polarisé périodiquement et nous avons montré que,dans certains cas, ce processus conduit à la création de nanodomaines en surface. Ces nanodomaines enforme d'aiguille peuvent être responsables de la réduction de l'efficacité de conversion non linéaireobservée dans les guides qui sont affectés. Nous avons également étudié l'influence de différents typesd'échange protonique sur la formation, par application d'un champ électrique, de domaines dans le LNcongruent. Cette étude montre que le seuil de nucléation peut être fortement réduit par la présence duguide d'onde et que l'apparition et le développement des domaines en forme de traits est fortementmodifiée. Elle montre également que la fusion des nanodomaines existants au voisinage des parois dedomaine aboutit à la formation de parois élargies et de domaines en forme de dendrites. En irradiantavec un faisceau d'électrons la surface Z- d'un échantillon de LN préalablement soumis à un échangeprotonique doux et recouvert d'une couche de résine électronique, nous avons réussi à former desdomaines avec des formes arbitraires. Par cette technique, nous avons fabriqué des domainespériodiques d'excellente qualité dans des cristaux présentant des guides canaux SPE. Des expériences degénération de deuxième harmonique dans ces guides nous ont permis d'obtenir des efficacités deconversion de 48%/W.cm2 ce qui est conforme aux prédictions ainsi que la forme des spectres d'accordde phase que nous avons observés. Ceci démontre tout l'intérêt de ce processusThe investigation of influence of the soft proton exchange (SPE) optical waveguide (WG) creation onperiodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) has been done. It has been shown that the WG fabricationprocess can induce the formation of needle like nanodomains, which can be responsible for thedegradation of the nonlinear response of the WG created in PPLN crystals. The domain structure (DS)evolution has been studied in congruent lithium niobate (LN) crystals with surface layers modified bythree different proton exchange techniques. The significant decrease of the nucleation threshold fieldand qualitative change of domain rays nucleation and growth have been revealed. The formation of abroad domain boundary and dendrite domain structure as a result of nanodomains merging in front ofthe moving rays has been demonstrated. The formation of DS in LN with SPE by irradiation of coveredby electron resist polar surface of LN has been investigated. Formation of domains with arbitrary shapesas a result of discrete switching has been revealed. Finally, it has been demonstrated that electron beamirradiation of lithium niobate crystals with surface resist layer can produce high quality periodical domainpatterns after channel waveguide fabrication. Nonlinear characterizations show that the conversionefficiencies and the phase matching spectra conform to theoretical predictions, indicating that thiscombination presents a great interest for device fabrication. Second harmonic generation withnormalized nonlinear conversion efficiency up to 48%/(W cm2) has been achieved in such waveguides
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Baek, Okbun. "Web based entry level mathematics test." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3148.
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Manoharan, Krishna. "Design and Analysis of High-Q, Amorphous Microring Resonator Sensors for Gaseous and Biological Species Detection." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1237489189.
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Hu, Yiqiu. "Souvenir = Authentic+sustainable : a guide for designers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86848.
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The designer explores how to improve souvenir design in the real market by questioning the issues of authenticity and the need of sustainable strategies. It takes the city of Växjö as a start point for a touristic place and analyses different categories. Through observations and interviews, the issues are confirmed and a design brief is made. Based on theories of product semantics and emotional design, the result from the investigation summarised to suggest guide for souvenir design. The guide is illustrated in a series of videos meant to anyone working in the souvenir industry.