Dissertations / Theses: 'Design Grammar'

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Kunkhet, Arus. "Harmonised shape grammar in design practice." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2015. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2209/.

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The aim of this thesis is to address the contextual and harmony issues in shape grammar (SG) by applying knowledge from the field of natural language processing (NLP). Currently shape grammars are designed for static models (Ilčík et al., 2010), limited domain (Chau et al., 2004), time-consuming process (Halatsch, 2008), high user skills (Lee and Tang, 2009), and cannot guarantee aesthetic results (Huang et al., 2009). The current approaches to shape grammar produce infinite design and often meaningless shapes. This thesis addresses this problem by proposing a harmonised shape grammar framework which involves applying five levels of analysis namely morphological, lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels to enhance the overall design process. In satisfying these semantically well-formed and pragmatically well-formed shapes, the generated shapes can be contextual and harmonious. The semantic analysis level focuses on the character’s anatomy, body function, and habitat in order to produce meaningful design whereas the pragmatic level achieves harmony in design by selecting relevant character’s attributes, characteristics, and behaviour. In order to test the framework, this research applies the five natural language processing levels to a set of 3D humanoid characters. To validate this framework, a set of criteria related to aesthetic requisites has been applied to generate humanoid characters; these include the principles of design (i.e. contrast, emphasis, balance, unity, pattern, and rhythm) and aspects of human perception in design (i.e. visceral, behavioural and reflective). The framework has ensured that the interrelationships between each design part are mutually beneficial and all elements of the humanoid characters are combined to accentuate their similarities and bind the picture parts into a whole.

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Colakoglu, M. Birgul (Meryem Birgul) 1966. "Design by grammar : algorithmic design in an architectural context." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8372.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, February 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-139).
An experimental study was performed to explore the practical applicability of the rule based design method of shape grammars. The shape grammar method is used for the analysis and synthesis of the hayat house type in a particular context. In the analysis part, the shape grammar method is used to extract basic compositional principles of the hayat house. In the synthesis part, first the evolution of a new hayat house prototype is illustrated. An algorithmic prototype transformation is considered. This transformation is achieved in two ways: by changing the values assigned to the variables that define the component objects of the form, and by replacing the vocabulary elements of the form with new ones. Then, the application of the rule based design method for housing pattern generation is explored. The design of a housing complex is illustrated using this method.
by M. Birgul Colakoglu.
Ph.D.

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Gu, Ning. "Dynamic Designs of Virtual Worlds Using Generative Design Agents." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/984.

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This research aims at developing a different kind of virtual world that is dynamically designed and implemented as needed. Currently, most virtual world designs are considered static. Similar to the physical world, these worlds are pre-defined prior to their use. The resultant environments serve certain purposes but do not take into consideration possible changes to the purposes during their use, changes which often occur when the occupants interact with the environments and with each other. Virtual worlds as networked environments can be flexibly configured and programmed. This flexibility makes it possible to consider virtual world designs in terms of dynamics and autonomy, reflecting the changing needs of different moments. To achieve dynamic designs of virtual worlds, this study applies a computational approach using rational design agents. A Generative Design Agent (GDA) model is developed that specifies computational processes for reasoning and designing in virtual worlds. The GDAs serve as personal design agents to the virtual world occupants. Design formalisms for virtual worlds are also addressed. The design component of a GDA is supported by the application of a generative design grammar. On one hand, generative design grammars serve as the generative force to be applied by the GDAs for virtual world design automation. On the other hand, each grammar defines coherent stylistic characterisations shared by the virtual world designs it generates. The technical outcomes of the research consist of the GDA model and a generative design grammar framework. The framework provides guidelines and strategies to designers for developing generative design grammars that produce different design languages for virtual worlds, rather than predefine every detail of all possible virtual world designs. GDAs monitor the virtual worlds and the various activities that occur in the worlds, interpret the occupants’ needs in the virtual worlds and the state of the worlds based on these observations, hypothesise design goals in order to satisfy these needs, and finally apply generative design grammars to provide virtual world designs for the moment, or initiate other actions in the worlds, according to the current design goals, on behalf of the occupants. The development of the GDA model and the generative design grammar framework provides new perspectives for understanding and developing virtual worlds. The GDA model challenges the conventional way that virtual worlds are designed and implemented, and this leads to dynamic designs of virtual worlds. The generative design grammar framework provides a computational approach to formally defining design languages for virtual worlds.

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Gu, Ning. "Dynamic Designs of Virtual Worlds Using Generative Design Agents." Architecture, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/984.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This research aims at developing a different kind of virtual world that is dynamically designed and implemented as needed. Currently, most virtual world designs are considered static. Similar to the physical world, these worlds are pre-defined prior to their use. The resultant environments serve certain purposes but do not take into consideration possible changes to the purposes during their use, changes which often occur when the occupants interact with the environments and with each other. Virtual worlds as networked environments can be flexibly configured and programmed. This flexibility makes it possible to consider virtual world designs in terms of dynamics and autonomy, reflecting the changing needs of different moments. To achieve dynamic designs of virtual worlds, this study applies a computational approach using rational design agents. A Generative Design Agent (GDA) model is developed that specifies computational processes for reasoning and designing in virtual worlds. The GDAs serve as personal design agents to the virtual world occupants. Design formalisms for virtual worlds are also addressed. The design component of a GDA is supported by the application of a generative design grammar. On one hand, generative design grammars serve as the generative force to be applied by the GDAs for virtual world design automation. On the other hand, each grammar defines coherent stylistic characterisations shared by the virtual world designs it generates. The technical outcomes of the research consist of the GDA model and a generative design grammar framework. The framework provides guidelines and strategies to designers for developing generative design grammars that produce different design languages for virtual worlds, rather than predefine every detail of all possible virtual world designs. GDAs monitor the virtual worlds and the various activities that occur in the worlds, interpret the occupants’ needs in the virtual worlds and the state of the worlds based on these observations, hypothesise design goals in order to satisfy these needs, and finally apply generative design grammars to provide virtual world designs for the moment, or initiate other actions in the worlds, according to the current design goals, on behalf of the occupants. The development of the GDA model and the generative design grammar framework provides new perspectives for understanding and developing virtual worlds. The GDA model challenges the conventional way that virtual worlds are designed and implemented, and this leads to dynamic designs of virtual worlds. The generative design grammar framework provides a computational approach to formally defining design languages for virtual worlds.

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Cottle, Katherine. "Effective MUGs| A Grammar Curriculum for Basic Writers." Thesis, University of Delaware, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13427448.

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The purpose of this study was to design a grammar curriculum that could help college age students in basic writing classes to identify and correct grammatical errors in their own writing. After reviewing literature in best practices in grammar instruction as well as other kinds of instructional best practices, the grammar curriculum, Effective MUGs (MUGs stands for mechanics, usage, and grammar), takes advantage of these best practices including sentence combining, sentence revision, sentence creation, grammar in context, strategies instruction, and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). The study was designed to measure how effective the grammar curriculum was (by examining student writing in essays as well as grammar exercises), how students used tools in the curriculum (by examining results from cognition labs), and how students and instructors perceived the curriculum (through interviews). The data on student grammatical error from this study must be viewed with reservations because of the lack of statistical significance. The most significant findings were qualitative and offered insight into the strengths of the Effective MUGs curriculum as well as which aspects that need revision. Both students and instructors thought that the gradual release of strategies instruction was one of the most effective tools and they both enjoyed using BYOD in conjunction with Google Docs. Students were most challenged by subject-verb identification and feeling confident about use of unfamiliar sentence elements; instructor interviews confirmed these student challenges. The data from the study will prompt revision to the curriculum as well as enhanced professional development.

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Volarath, Patra. "Application of Term-Rewriting Grammar in Chemical Reaction Prediction." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/21.

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Synthesis planning is a critical process in chemical design. A number of computer programs have been developed to assist the chemists with this procedure. Most of the programs utilize combinations of computational approaches. These have been successfully applied to a number of the synthesis predictions. However, they require numerous rules to screen for potential targets, as well as to keep the system from reaching the combinatorial explosion. This results in the advanced algorithms becoming more complex and parameter-sensitive. This can be problematic, particularly in the cases in which a large number of the compounds are to be handled, because it can not only result in a lengthy computational time, but also cause some of the highly potential targets to be missed. We developed a simpler approach for the reaction prediction using a term-rewriting grammar. The term-rewriting strategy is used to directly assign reactions to the compounds. This greatly reduces the number of rules that are usually required for these steps, and, hence, facilitates the prediction performance, while maintaining the prediction accuracy. In this dissertation, the designs of the developed algorithms and their results are first being presented, followed by a discussion of the approach’s application in the chemical design in the final chapter.

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Alsallal, Abdulaziz S. "Maintaining cultural identity in design : shape grammar as means of identifying and modifying design style." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2013. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/20967/.

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This research is an attempt to find an objective system for maintaining cultural identity in design. The proposed framework will guide interior designers to identify the key features and design language of their traditional style, and then to modify it to give more variety to the developed style and to help it keep pace with fast developments in the field of design. This work came from the need to find a solution to the fact that there is a lack of cultural identity in the field of design such as those of furniture, decor and facades, in particular in the state of Kuwait. The lifestyle of the people of Kuwait has changed dramatically since oil was discovered, the lifestyle of its people has changed dramatically. The development of its economy have resulted in a more wealthy and up-to-date society. Such a transformation was not imposed on them, but was rather their choice. The problem is not in modernisation, but in the rush towards it without comprehending its consequences. There is no doubt that the traditional crafts are an important source of inspiration when generating new ideas, but what if the process of generation leads to cliché designs? The focus of this research involves the analysis of a popular traditional Kuwaiti product called Sadu. Style in art and architecture is measured in terms of consistency over a series of artifacts which can be recognised through the similarity between them. The aim of this research is to create a link between consistency in style and the Kuwaiti style, and it does this by dividing the work into three sections, each with an associated milestone. The first employed focus groups to identify the Kuwaiti style. The results of the test clarified the most common features of geometric shapes and symmetry rules among the Sadu products that directly influence the approach which the study proposes. Then the shape grammar method was adopted as a means of identifying the Sadu design language. The second section developed the traditional style using knowledge gained from the first step as a means of generating new designs. Seven design groups were created, each with a unique approach to creating patterns. The groups were tested to evaluate whether that the new designs had not lost their original identity, and to identify which method produces the most recognisable patterns of the Kuwaiti Sadu style, and what are the common rules in the seven groups that successfully generate this Kuwaiti style. Also the test measured the likability of the design group amongst Kuwaitis. In the final section, a design tool was created which incorporated features inspired by the data and evidence gathered throughout the study. The tool was then tested and evaluated to measure the consistency of the patterns it produced with the Kuwaiti cultural style. The tool produces inspirational designs that can be used for architecture or product design that has a theme of cultural identity, such as furniture, illumination, flooring and plan layout. Methods of developing a Kuwaiti style whilst at the same time maintaining its original identity have been presented. The key to developing the original style was firstly to measure it by identifying the common style features. Sadu was used as a case study as this was deemed an iconic representation of traditional Kuwaiti style. Specific geometric shapes and symmetry rules were established among the tested designs and these features were found to capture the essence of the original style. Shape grammars were applied to explore the style and the results produced a set of rules that were indicative of that style. In the second step, Kuwaiti Sadu was developed by shape grammars and the common rules of the established style were augmented with new rules that would produce recognisable and likable patterns which were still of the Sadu style. The degree to which these were recognised and liked by a sample of Kuwaiti people was tested. The end stage of this research was to develop a software tool with features established from the data gathered in the previous stages that produced consistent Sadu patterns so that Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis would be able to produce designs that maintain the original style. The framework and design tool that were used to develop a traditional style proved to be successful. These were used to generate 2D developed style designs that were translated into 3D models, through action research from an interior designer. These were found to emulate the Kuwaiti style.

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Haugereid, Petter. "Phrasal subconstructions : A constructionalist grammar design, exemplified with Norwegian and English." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5755.

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Nasuf, A. "An automated shape grammar approach to structural design description and optimisation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359741/.

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The main objective of this research is to develop and evaluate an automated design description and optimisation framework based on the Shape Grammar (SG) syntax. In particular, an algorithmic methodology to automate the SG syntax using evolutionary intelligence is proposed. The proposed automation of SG is achieved by mapping the genetic information provided by a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to context-free grammar rules by a means of Backus-Naur Form (BNF) syntax known as Grammatical Evolution (GE). GE is an efficient optimisation tool, which can be used in a variety of optimisation problems. First, its use in single and multi-objective optimisation of mathematical functions is demonstrated. Several techniques for synthesis of variables using specific BNF syntaxes are proposed. The results obtained from numerical experiments are compared with those obtained using a standard GA. Interestingly, the results show a notable improvement in the convergence speed over the standard GA for the functions tested. This observation surpassed expectations, since the GE is based on the GA. The use of GE is then extended to automate the SG syntax by deriving a grammar based design shape description and optimisation framework. To evaluate its efficacy and to demonstrate the concept, this framework is applied to two distinctive classes of problems frequently encountered in engineering practice. The first class of problems is related to shape descriptions and optimisation aspects of structural design. A specific BNF syntax is developed for planar shapes which makes use of four SG rules with arc primitives of variable size given by a radius and an angle of rotation. These SG rules are then used in the synthesis of piecewise parametric curves for the shape description and optimisation of a planar crane hook. The experimental results show superiority in convergence speed when compared to shape optimisation of the same problem based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) combined with a GA search strategy. The second class of problems considered here relates to the topology description and optimisation of planar trusses. Several BNF syntaxes are developed to achieve simultaneous topology, size and configuration optimisation. The experimental results thus obtained show good agreement with the results reported in the literature using an alternative truss optimisation method based on GA. Furthermore, by using the proposed truss description and optimisation method the computational expense is significantly reduced. The proposed design description and optimisation framework based on the SG syntax is a fast and efficient design exploration tool. The successful application of this proposed framework combining SG with design exploration in a range of structural problems validates the proposed idea.

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Weber, A., S. Fasoulas, and K. Wolf. "Conceptual interplanetary space mission design using multi-objective evolutionary optimization and design grammars." Sage, 2011. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38443.

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Conceptual design optimization (CDO) is a technique proposed for the structured evaluation of different design concepts. Design grammars provide a flexible modular modelling architecture. The model is generated by a compiler based on predefined components and rules. The rules describe the composition of the model; thus, different models can be optimized by the CDO in one run. This allows considering a mission design including the mission analysis and the system design. The combination of a CDO approach with a model based on design grammars is shown for the concept study of a near-Earth asteroid mission. The mission objective is to investigate two asteroids of different kinds. The CDO reveals that a mission concept using two identical spacecrafts flying to one target each is better than a mission concept with one spacecraft flying to two asteroids consecutively.

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Cleveland, Paul. "The Effect of Technology on the Development of Magazine Visual Design Style." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366173.

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This thesis is concerned with studying the factors which influence stylistic change in magazine design. Of particular interest is the role computer technology plays in the formulation of design style change. This relates to the rate of style change and the application of inscription characteristics into the visual imagery to create distinct visual grammars. The introduction of the computer during the late 1980’s as a design tool revolutionised the practice of graphic design. Anecdotal evidence suggests computers changed the restrictive practices previously imposed by typesetters, film houses and printers (Patterson, 2004). The purpose of this study is to investigate the period prior to and after the introduction of the computer as a design tool to discover what direct and indirect influences computer technology had on the development of visual grammar associated with print based publications, specifically the graphic design style of selected magazines over this period. The influence of technology within a creative society is a complex process in which interacts with sub cultures and market economics. The intent was to discover if there was a way to quantify style change in magazines and evaluate the usefulness of such information in terms of keeping the visual content vital and interesting to different market audiences. Many magazine editors do not appreciate the relevance of the visual grammar they use in maintaining readership interest. The readership figures and the advertising environment ascertained by market research from companies such as Roy Morgan Research and McNair-Anderson indicate how “healthy” a magazine is in the marketplace. These figures tend to fluctuate and it is common to see re-vamps of a magazine’s style to give the flagging image a boost without any survey of readers’ preferences in visual grammar. The re-focusing of content and appearance often tries to bring the magazine into a more contemporary design space which is often a reflection on what competitors are doing. The research problem was restricted to two magazine titles whose readership markets were at the opposite ends of the spectrum in terms of demographics and their appreciation of visual grammar. Two magazines were studied, The Face and The Australian Women’s Weekly (TAWW). It was shown that each had developed individual visual grammars from the influence of technology using differing approaches. The Face used the inscriptions of digital imagery to create novelty in design. The Australian Women’s Weekly on the other hand, tended to use the attributes of software programs to create novelty. Readership spread was shown to have an influence on the type of visual power used. By knowing the readership spread, an appropriate visual power could be implemented. The findings showed that the computer does not have a neutral influence on the workplace, so it would be expected that change over time between the technology and the The Effect of Technology on the Development of Magazine Visual Design Style formation of visual material would be evident. The study showed that the rate of style change can be mapped and predictions can be made from the data. The visual grammar used by different magazine publications can be ascribed differing levels of visual power. Visual power is the degree of visual stimulus emanating from a given design, the higher the stimulus the greater the degree for attracting attention. First described by Baird (1993), it was used as a method for attributing degrees of design aesthetic in print materials. It was shown that magazines with homogeneous age group readerships or subcultures tend to use greater values of visual power than those with wider age group readerships. It also indicated that there was a connection between readership spread and the amount of visual power employed in the design and layouts; the wider the spread the lower the visual power value. There are two implications which arise from these findings. The first is that Baird’s original model describing readership of non-focused print material requiring larger amounts of visual power is reversed. The second feature is that possible experimentation with visual grammar is more possible in narrow readership spreads without alienating the readership. Cross media influences from computer games and the Internet are now common features of these magazines. The findings also showed that The Face and TAWW have variations in arousal potential, hedonic tone, and primary cognition which are cyclical in nature. Understanding the audiences’ habituation cycle is an important factor in determining changes to the application of visual power within visual grammar. Predictions can be made on when an audience is tiring of a particular application of visual power to a grammar. Steps can then be made to adjust the visual grammar so as to maintain arousal potential. The knowledge gained from these findings would be beneficial to magazine publishers as a method of gauging reader satisfaction. Further research could be undertaken to see if there are similar influences at work in digital media such as the internet. Perhaps the greatest potential of these findings is in the development of generative algorithms which would aid in the construction of stylistic designs aimed toward specific sub cultures.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland College of Art
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Arsanjani, Ali. "Grammar-oriented object design : towards dynamically reconfigurable business and software architecture for on-demand computing." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/13250.

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Grammar-oriented Object Design was shown to be a potent combination of extending methods, incorporating DSLs from a given business domain (BDSLs) and Variation-oriented Design in order to provide a seamless transition from business models to component-based software architectures. GOOD starts by extending current object modeling techniques to include the discovery and explicit modeling of higher levels of reuse, starting from subsystems, defining their manners using a domain-specific business language, i.e., using use-case gramars, that describe the rules governing the creation, dynamic configuration and collaboration of large-grained, business-process-scale, adaptive software components with pluggable behavior, through the application of architectural patterns and representation of component manners in the BDSL. 1his presents immense potential for applications in the domains of grid services, services on demand and a utility-based model of computing where a business need initiates the convergence of application components based on/from the manners of services they provide and require.

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Ondra, Martin. "Brand Identity in Design of Industrial Product." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364820.

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Tato práce se zabývá studiem prvků identity značky na produktech. Současný stav poznání shrnuje poznatky o brandingu, gramatice tvarů a metod ke studio podobností na produktech. Další práce se zaměřují na zachycení prvků identity značky a vytvoření nástroje, pracujícího na základě gramatiky tvarů, který by pomáhal designérovi v jeho kreativním procesu, této literatuře však schází studování designérské práce. Konkrétní identita je studována z hlediska loga, barev a tvaru až k vytvoření její gramatiky tvarů. Po analýze produktů firmy a gramatiky tvarů je předložena hypotéza o přenosu identity značky v průběhu inovačního procesu z pohledu gramatiky tvarů.

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Gokool, Roshni. "Principles of task-based course design for a Zulu second language course on socialization for businesss people." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50068.

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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of exploring principles for designing a Zulu language learning course for business people stemmed from the need that there is not enough course material available for learners wanting to learn a second language. The preliminary component of the thesis is based on the theoretical framework for language learning theory advanced by Naam Chomsky, which is theory-driven and derives from an in-depth analysis of the properties of languages in an effort to determine the highly abstract principles of grammar. This study reviews the different definitions of second language learning and teaching employed by various linguists, for example, Cook, Odlin and Sharwood-Smith. It presents the different kinds of grammar explored in the analysis of a second language. Following the discussion of principles of grammar, a broad definition of the term 'universal grammar' (UG), is explored and how this UG model relates to views on teaching of Zulu, is identified. The thesis demonstrates the relation between second language learning and language teaching and the influence that UG has on language teaching. It will be argued that the theory of Chomsky and the knowledge of second language acquisition is suitable as a framework for language teaching because it incorporates the essence of second language learning that may be useful to a second language educator. Finally, this study will present the principles of task-based course design which will be followed by a discussion of the types of syllabuses required for the construction of communicative Zulu tasks. It is hoped that the conclusions arising from this study will assist in the development of research material and teaching aids for second language Zulu task-based courses, thus providing the field of second language teaching with efficient and successful language teachers and researchers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsep van die ondersoek van beginsels vir die ontwerp van 'n Zulu taalvaardigheidskursus vir sakemense het ontstaan uit die behoefte aan gepaste onderrigmateriaal vir Zulu-tweedetaal onderrig aan die sakemense. Die aanvangskomponent van hierdie tesis is gegrond op die teoretiese raamwerk vir taalaanleer soos voorgestaan deur Chomsky. Die Chomskiaanse teorie van taalkennis is ontwikkel uit 'n in-diepte analise van die eienskappe van taalkennis ten einde die hoogsabstrakte beginsels van taal te bepaal. Die studie bied eers 'n oorsig van verskillende definisies van tweedetaalleer en -onderrig soos aangewend deur verskillende taalkundiges soos Cook, Odlin en Sharwood-Smith. Daar word 'n bespreking gegee van die verskillende sieninge van die aard van grammatika in tweedetaalonderrig. Na die bespreking van die beginsels van grammatika-onderrig in tweedetaalleer en -onderrig word die implikasies van die Chomsky se Universele Grammatika benadering beskou vir die tweedetaalonderrig van Zulu. Die tesis ondersoek ook die verband tussen tweedetaalleer en -onderrig en die invloed wat Universele Grammatika op taalonderrig het. Daar sal aangevoer word dat die UG teorie van Chomsky en die verband daarvan tot tweedetaalonderrig gepas is as 'n raamwerk vir tweedetaalonderrig omdat die essensiële beginsels van tweedetaalleer wat bruikbaar kan wees vir die taalonderrigpraktisyn. Die studie sal, laastens, die beginsels van taakgebaseerde kursusontwerp ondersoek, wat gevolg sal word deur 'n bespreking van die tipes sillabusse benodig vir die konstruksie van kommunikatiewe take in Zulu. Die gevolgtrekkings wat voortspruit uit hierdie studie kan bydra tot die navorsing van tweedetaalonderrig vir Zulu en die ontwerp van taalonderrigmateriale vir taakgebaseerde kursusse vir Zulu. Hierdeur kan 'n bydrae gemaak word tot die lewering van bekwame navorsers en taalonderrigpraktisyns vir Zulu tweedetaalonderrig.
IQOQA ZULU: Umqondo wokuhlela izifundo zesiZulu zomabhizinisi wavezwa isidingo esikhombisayo ukuthi akukho obekulotshiwe maqondana nabafundi bolimi Iwesibili. Ingxenye yokuqala yophando igxile esakhiweni senqubo Iwazi yokufunda nokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili eyaqhutshwa nguNoam Chomsky, eqhutshwa yinqubolwazi futhi isukela ocwanigweni olunzulu zezilimi emizameni yokuthola imigomo enzulu yohlelo lolimi. Lolu cwaningo luhlola izincazelo ezehlukene zokufunda nokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili ezisetshenziswa abahlaziyilulimi esingabala kubona, uVivian Cook, Terence Odlin kanye noSharwood Smith. Lwethula izinhlobo ezehlukene zohlelo lolimi ezihlolwa ekucwaningweni kolimi Iwesibili. Kulandela izingxoxo ngemigomo yohlelo lolimi, incazelo ebanzi yetemu 'Universal Grammar' (UG) iyahlolisiswa nokuthi lemodeli ye-UG isetshenziswa kanjani esiZulwini. Loluphando lukhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokufundwa nokufundiswa kolimi Iwesibili nomthelela omuhle kumbe omubi we-UG ekufundiseni ulimi. Kuzobhekisiswa ukuthi inqubolwazi kaChomsky nolwazi lokufunda ulimi Iwesibili kulungile yini ukuba yisakhiwo senqubo yokufundisa njengoba luhlanganisa ingqikithi yokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili okungenzeka ukuthi ayijwayelekile kumfundisi wolimi Iwesibili. Okukugcina, lolu cwaningo luzokwethula imigomo yezifundo ezihlelelwe phezu komsebenzi othile kuyolandelwa ukuxoxisana ngezinhlobo zamasilabhasi ezidingekayo ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yesiZulu yokuxhumana. Kuyathembakala ukuthi iziphetho eziyovuka kulolucwaningo ziyosiza ekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziwusizo ophandweni kanye nezinsiza kufundisa zolimi Iwesibili zezifundo ezihlelelwe phezu komsebenzi othile wesiZulu, kanjalo bese ziletha kulendima yokufundisa ulimi Iwesibili othisha nabacwaningi abawenza ngempumelelo umsebenzi wabo.

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Ritchie, Brian. "The design and implementation of an interactive proof editor." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6607.

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This thesis describes the design and implementation of the IPE, an interactive proof editor for first-order intuitionistic predicate calculus, developed at the University of Edinburgh during 1983-1986, by the author together with John Cartmell and Tatsuya Hagino. The IPE uses an attribute grammar to maintain the state of its proof tree as a context-sensitive structure. The interface allows free movement through the proof structure, and encourages a "proof-byexperimentation" approach, since no proof step is irrevocable. We describe how the IPE's proof rules can be derived from natural deduction rules for first-order intuitionistic logic, how these proof rules are encoded as an attribute grammar, and how the interface is constructed on top of the grammar. Further facilities for the manipulation of the IPE's proof structures are presented, including a notion of IPE-tactic for their automatic construction. We also describe an extension of the IPE to enable the construction and use of simply-structured collections of axioms and results, the main provision here being an interactive "theory browser" which looks for facts which match a selected problem.

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Moyer, Craig E. "Vox Populi: The Crowdsourced Building." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1463130553.

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17

Guo, Jianghong. "Analysis and Design of Lossless Bi-level Image Coding Systems." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/845.

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Lossless image coding deals with the problem of representing an image with a minimum number of binary bits from which the original image can be fully recovered without any loss of information. Most lossless image coding algorithms reach the goal of efficient compression by taking care of the spatial correlations and statistical redundancy lying in images. Context based algorithms are the typical algorithms in lossless image coding. One key probelm in context based lossless bi-level image coding algorithms is the design of context templates. By using carefully designed context templates, we can effectively employ the information provided by surrounding pixels in an image. In almost all image processing applications, image data is accessed in a raster scanning manner and is treated as 1-D integer sequence rather than 2-D data. In this thesis, we present a quadrisection scanning method which is better than raster scanning in that more adjacent surrounding pixels are incorporated into context templates. Based on quadrisection scanning, we develop several context templates and propose several image coding schemes for both sequential and progressive lossless bi-level image compression. Our results show that our algorithms perform better than those raster scanning based algorithms, such as JBIG1 used in this thesis as a reference. Also, the application of 1-D grammar based codes in lossless image coding is discussed. 1-D grammar based codes outperform those LZ77/LZ78 based compression utility software for general data compression. It is also effective in lossless image coding. Several coding schemes for bi-level image compression via 1-D grammar codes are provided in this thesis, especially the parallel switching algorithm which combines the power of 1-D grammar based codes and context based algorithms. Most of our results are comparable to or better than those afforded by JBIG1.

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Dung, Nguyen Hanh, and n/a. "From grammar to communication : a moderate viewpoint in the teaching of EFL adult learners in Vietnam." University of Canberra. Information Sciences, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060706.113712.

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This Study is concerned with the problems arising from the application of new ideas in communicative language teaching for EFL adult learners in Vietnam, and the solutions to these problems. The Study argues that to learn to communicate effectively in a foreign language does not mean merely to master the linguistic forms of the language, but also to be able to use them in an appropriate way: to acquire what is called communicative competence. The Study also suggests that in Vietnam, the structural system of the language cannot be neglected if teaching/learning is to be successful. Accordingly, the Study attempts to search for an appropriate approach to develop communicative competence in the EFL adult learners of Vietnam. In order to achieve this aim, the Study enters into consideration of the relevant literature with reference to the development of the concept of communicative competence, and communicative language teaching. Then the Study makes a survey of some communicative-approach-based textbooks pointing out the practical values of different syllabus design models and teaching strategies discussed in the literature. Finally the Study proposes a communicative-structural approach to syllabus design for the target group, the teaching strategies as well as some techniques and activities associated with the suggested approach.

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Masud, Rabia. "Language spoken around the world: lessons from Le Corbusier." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33952.

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Le Corbusier's method of creating Architecture in all regions of the world is endlessly rich in techniques. While it is impossible to exactly know his thoughts as he created his modern compositions that skillfully addressed contextual cues, I present a thesis of how Corbusier approached different sites and masterfully created residences that were places "where happiness is born". I will use Shape Grammars and formulate my own languages that will recreate Corbusier's two Monol houses: Maison Jaoul in Paris and Sarabhai Villa in Ahmedabad. Furthermore, I will expand on these houses by creating other iterations, and transforming the grammars to understand critical major and minor moves. In the end I hope to derive architectural lessons that come from formal exercises that can be used in future design processes. I explore this practical effort by creating designs for a site in Midtown, Atlanta. I compare the process of using Shape Grammars with that of the typical studio approach. In conclusion, I find that Shape Grammars allows one to produce iterations that connect to the lessons of the original houses in an intuitive manner.

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Zaldivar, Marc Robert. "Blending cognitive rule-based, process-based, and context-based theories in the development of online grammar instruction." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29533.

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This study proposes to blend contemporary educational research in order to design an online instructional environment. The goal was to create an environment that would better educate learners about grammar use in higher education, given the complexity of the rule learning that was being asked of them. By blending approaches from tested educational research on cognitive information processing theories, schema theories, and situated cognitive theories in order to determine how language rules are best learned, eight design principles were derived for the instructional environment. A prototype of the environment was then developed. Two series of formative evaluations, one with a group of subject-matter experts (teachers, linguists, and instructional designers) and one with a group of students, were run against the instruction. Overall, it was found that a database-driven website employing user-defined variables to customize the instruction for each individual user was a useful way to achieve the goals of the study.
Ph. D.

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Mansfield, Martin F. "Design of a generic parse tree for imperative languages." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834617.

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Since programs are written in many languages and design documents are not maintained (if they ever existed), there is a need to extract the design and other information that the programs represent. To do this without writing a separate program for each language, a common representation of the symbol table and parse tree would be required.The purpose of the parse tree and symbol table will not be to generate object code but to provide a platform for analysis tools. In this way the tool designer develops only one version instead of separate versions for each language. The generic symbol table and generic parse tree may not be as detailed as those same structures in a specific compiler but the parse tree must include all structures for imperative languages.
Department of Computer Science

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Sales, Thais Yuli Nogueira. "Processos referenciais em charges de jornais cearenses sob o aspecto multimodal." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2017. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20168.

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nÃo hÃ
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os processos referenciais de introduÃÃo referencial e de anÃforas, diretas e indiretas, em textos compostos por linguagem verbal e nÃo verbal. Para tanto, nosso aporte teÃrico acerca da referenciaÃÃo Ã Cavalcante (2011, 2012), CustÃdio Filho (2011) e Cavalcante e Brito (2017), a partir de pressupostos sustentados por Koch e Marcuschi em LinguÃstica Textual. O corpus selecionado Ã composto de 30 charges, publicadas em jornal local, O Povo, semanalmente, no perÃodo de 2013 a 2016. O gÃnero charge foi analisado de forma que as imagens e as expressÃes verbais indiciaram processos referenciais, que sinalizaram para a (re)construÃÃo de sentidos do texto. As anÃlises das imagens se pautaram pela base teÃrica da GramÃtica do Design Visual, de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006), que acreditam na capacidade de as imagens integrarem os sentidos negociados nos textos. De acordo com o nosso estudo, as metafunÃÃes composicional, representacional e interativa foram importantes para constatar como as imagens estÃo diretamente relacionadas aos diversos significados possÃveis elaborados pelo interlocutor, jÃ que tais metafunÃÃes tratam da disposiÃÃo e das relaÃÃes entre os elementos que compÃem a imagem. Com base nesse referencial teÃrico, foi possÃvel testar hipÃteses relativas Ã introduÃÃo e Ã retomada de referentes apontados nos indÃcios verbo-imagÃticos e Ã intertextualidade que se instaura nessas relaÃÃes, todas eminentemente argumentativas. Para fundamento teÃrico dos processos intertextuais, utilizamos Cavalcante, Brito e Zavam (2017) e, para as reflexÃes sobre argumentaÃÃo, valemo-nos de Meyer (2007). ApÃs a anÃlise da imbricaÃÃo dos traÃos verbais e imagÃticos na construÃÃo dos referentes e das intertextualidades, constatamos que: a) as imagens sÃo responsÃveis por apontarem processos de introduÃÃo e de retomada de referentes a partir dos elementos indicados pelas metafunÃÃes representacional, interativa e composicional; b) os critÃrios de enquadramento e de saliÃncia da metafunÃÃo composicional revelam as recategorizaÃÃes suscitadas pela relaÃÃo de figura/fundo presente a partir da disposiÃÃo dos participantes das imagens; c) o contato, a distÃncia social e a perspectiva da metafunÃÃo interativa sÃo aspectos que apontam para o ethos efetivo e evidenciam o carÃter argumentativo da charge; d) as subclasses narrativa e conceitual da metafunÃÃo representacional apresentam recorrÃncias concomitantes que indiciam os referentes. Esta pesquisa confirma a profÃcua relaÃÃo que pode ser estabelecida entre a GDV e os estudos em LinguÃstica Textual.
This research analyzes the reference processes of referential introduction and direct and indirect anaphora, in texts composed by verbal and nonverbal language. To that purpose, our theoretical contribution on referencing is Cavalcante (2011, 2012), CustÃdio Filho (2011) and Cavalcante and Brito (2017), based on assumptions supported by Koch and Marcuschi in Textual Linguistics. The selected corpus is composed of 30 charges, published in local newspaper, âO Povoâ, weekly, from 2013 to 2016. The genus charge was analyzed in such a way that the images and verbal expressions indicated reference processes, which signaled to the (re)construction of text meanings. The image analysis was based on the theoretical basis of Visual Design Grammar, by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), who believe in the images ability to integrate the meanings negotiated in texts. According to our study, the compositional, representational and interactive metafunctions were important to verify how the images are directly related to the different possible meanings elaborated by the interlocutor, since these metafunctions deal with the disposition and the relations between the elements that compose the image. Based on this theoretical reference, it was possible to test hypotheses related to the introduction and resumption of referents pointed out in the verbal- imagery clues and to the intertextuality that is established in these relations, all eminently argumentative. For the theoretical foundation of the intertextual processes, we use Cavalcante, Brito and Zavam (2017) and, for the reflections on argumentation, they use Meyer (2007). After analyzing the imbrication of verbal and imaginary traces in the construction of referents and intertextualities, we find that: a) the images are responsible for pointing out processes of introduction and retrieval of referents from the elements indicated by representational, interactive and compositional metafunctions; b) the framing and salience criteria of the compositional metafunction reveal the recategorisations raised by the figure/background relation from the arrangement of the participants of the images; c) the contact, the social distance and the perspective of the interactive metafunction are aspects that point to the effective ethos and evidence the argumentative character of the charge; d) the narrative and conceptual subclasses of the representational metafunction have concomitant recurrences that indicate the referents. This research confirms the fruitful relationship that can be established between GDV and studies in Textual Linguistics.

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Riou, Marine. "The grammar of topic transition in American English conversation. Topic transition design and management in typical and atypical conversations (schizophrenia)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA115/document.

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Cette thèse analyse la transition topicale en anglais américain à l’aide d’un corpus audio de conversations spontanées entre proches. L’objet d’étude principal est l’action interactionnelle qui consiste à changer de topique discursif, ainsi que les diverses stratégies linguistiques que les participants ont à leur disposition. Trois modalités de marquage sont prises en compte : les questions, les marqueurs de discours, et le registre de la voix. Chaque modalité est analysée pour sa contribution individuelle, ainsi que pour les associations avec d’autres modalités qu’elle peut occasionner. Se pencher sur différentes modalités de marquage crée une vue d’ensemble composite de l’influence que la trajectoire topicale d’une conversation a sur sa grammaire et sa prosodie. Dans le cadre d’une approche mixte mêlant analyses qualitatives et quantitatives, cette étude se situe à la croisée de plusieurs cadres théoriques, empruntant tant à l’analyse conversationnelle et à la linguistique interactionnelle pour l’analyse qualitative située, qu’à la linguistique de corpus de par ses méthodes quantitatives telles que le codage systématique des données et le recours aux statistiques. Ce projet multi-domaines est complété par une comparaison entre conversations typiques et atypiques. Les personnes schizophrènes peuvent connaître des difficultés dans la gestion des topiques d’une conversation, ce qui peut occasionner des transitions non-canoniques. Comparer ce type de données à celles de participants typiques apporte un éclairage supplémentaire sur certaines des attentes, préférences et standards, par ailleurs moins visibles lorsque la transition topicale est plus aisée
The research presented in this dissertation analyzes topic transition in American English interaction, focusing on audio recordings of spontaneous conversations between friends and relatives. The main object of inquiry is the interactional action of transitioning to a new discourse topic, as well as the different linguistic strategies that participants have at their disposal. Three main types of cues are investigated: questions, discourse markers, and pitch register. Each type of cue is analyzed for its individual contribution to topic transition design, as well as for the way it can combine with, supplement, or contradict other cues. Analyzing different types of cues – verbal and prosodic – creates a composite picture of the various ways in which the topic trajectory of a conversation shapes its grammar – including its prosody. This study uses a mixed-methods approach which draws on the qualitative-oriented theoretical frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics, combining them with quantitative methods used in Corpus Linguistics, such as systematic coding and statistics. This multi-domain account is completed by elaborating a comparison between typical and atypical interactions. Persons suffering from schizophrenia can experience difficulties in managing the topics of a conversation, and they can produce non-canonical transitions. Comparing their data with that of typical participants thus sheds light on some of the expectations, preferences and standard formats which can otherwise remain hidden when topic transition goes smoothly

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Gupta, Pankaj. "The Design and Implementation of a Prolog Parser Using Javacc." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3251/.

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Operatorless Prolog text is LL(1) in nature and any standard LL parser generator tool can be used to parse it. However, the Prolog text that conforms to the ISO Prolog standard allows the definition of dynamic operators. Since Prolog operators can be defined at run-time, operator symbols are not present in the grammar rules of the language. Unless the parser generator allows for some flexibility in the specification of the grammar rules, it is very difficult to generate a parser for such text. In this thesis we discuss the existing parsing methods and their modified versions to parse languages with dynamic operator capabilities. Implementation details of a parser using Javacc as a parser generator tool to parse standard Prolog text is provided. The output of the parser is an “Abstract Syntax Tree” that reflects the correct precedence and associativity rules among the various operators (static and dynamic) of the language. Empirical results are provided that show that a Prolog parser that is generated by the parser generator like Javacc is comparable in efficiency to a hand-coded parser.

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Fernandes, José David Campos. "Processos linguísticos no cartaz de guerra: semiótica e gramática do design visual." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2009. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8432.

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Images produce and reproduce social relations, communicate facts, disclose events and interact with their readers with a force similar to a text made up of words. How eminently imagery gender, the poster, as well as an understanding also requires in its texture a process of persuasion, built by a producer to win your reader. In it, a chain of verbal and non-verbal elements arranged in a paper surface is permeated by strategies that most often go unnoticed by the average reader. Anchored in this perspective, this study aimed to verify the representations of non -verbais elements in this genre are structured in order to influence the look, the reading and the seizure of the messages printed on it. The corpus collected in specialized electronic ments, consisted of a poster produced by the British government, to recruit soldiers during the First World War, and those with whom it maintains dialogue conveyed after its publication. Methodologically, entwined: i) the studies developed by Charles Sanders Peirce (1974), in particular, the different categories and own laws organization of signs; ii) the functionalist approach to grammar of visual design proposed by Kress and van Leeuwen (2000), for whom there is in imagistic texts, a representational metafunction (describes the participants in an action), an interactional (sociointeracionais describes the relationships built by the image ) and other compositional (who combines its entirety); iii) Bakhtin's perspective of the sign, taken in its ideological aspect. The analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the visual code, as well as verbal language has its own forms of representation, in that builds relationships and interactional is meaningful relationships from their architecture. In this sense, it is said that the war poster is a semiotic whose wealth today needs to be explored, since its engineering responds to an arsenal of multiple possibilities presented by technological advancement of information and communication - due to occupy various spaces in world - but little has attracted the interest of linguistic research. Ultimately, the investigation brought to light how these posters were used by several leaders of different countries, as a tool to "sell" the idea of war for the population. It can be said then that the posters studied establish a text physical contact with the reader-observer, who performs the critical activity of disclosure in relation to reading, in search of seizure of precalculated meanings and horizons by the producer of these printed genres.
Imagens produzem e reproduzem relações sociais, comunicam fatos, divulgam eventos e interagem com seus leitores com uma força semelhante à de um texto formado por palavras. Como gênero eminentemente imagético, o cartaz, além de uma compreensão, também requer em sua textura um processo de persuasão, construído por um produtor para conquistar seu leitor. Nele, uma cadeia de elementos verbais e não-verbais dispostos na sua superfície de papel é permeada por estratégias que, na maioria das vezes, passam despercebidas pelo leitor comum. Ancorado nessa perspectiva, este estudo buscou verificar como as representações dos elementos não -verbais neste gênero estão estruturadas de modo a influenciar o olhar, a leitura e a apreensão das mensagens nele impressas. O corpus, recolhido em sitos eletrônicos especializados, constituiu-se de um cartaz produzido pelo governo britânico, para recrutamento de soldados durante a primeira guerra mundial, e aqueles com os quais ele mantém diálogo, veiculados após sua publicação. Metodologicamente, entrelaçaram-se: i) os estudos desenvolvidos por Charles Sanders Peirce (1974), notadamente, as diferentes categorias e leis próprias de organização dos signos; ii) a abordagem funcionalista da gramática do design visual proposta por Kress e van Leeuwen (2000), para quem há, nos textos imagéticos, uma metafunção representacional (descreve os participantes em uma ação), uma interacional (descreve as relações sociointeracionais construídas pela imagem) e uma outra composicional (que combina seus elementos); iii) a perspectiva bakhtiniana do signo, tomado em seu aspecto ideológico. A análise confirmou a hipótese de que o código visual, assim como a linguagem verbal, possui formas próprias de representação, na medida em que constrói relações interacionais e constitui relações de significado a partir de sua arquitetura. Nesse sentido, diz-se que o cartaz de guerra é um manancial semiótico cuja atualidade precisa ser explorada, posto que sua engenharia responde a um arsenal de múltiplas possibilidades apresentadas pelo avanço tecnológico da informação e da comunicação – razão de ocupar os mais variados espaços no mundo –, mas pouco tem despertado o interesse da pesquisa linguística. Em última instância, a investigação realizada trouxe à tona como os referidos cartazes foram usados por diversos líderes, de países distintos, como ferramenta para "venderem" a ideia da guerra para a população. Pode-se afirmar, então, que os cartazes estudados estabelecem um contato físico do texto com o leitorobservador, que executa a atividade crítica de desvelamento em relação ao que lê, na busca da apreensão de significados e horizontes pré-calculados pelo produtor desses gêneros impressos.

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Deb, Abhijit Kumar. "System Design for DSP Applications with the MASIC Methodology." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Microelectronics and Information Technology, IMIT, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3820.

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The difficulties of system design are persistentlyincreasing due to the integration of more functionality on asystem, time-to-market pressure, productivity gap, andperformance requirements. To address the system designproblems, design methodologies build system models at higherabstraction level. However, the design task to map an abstractfunctional model on a system architecture is nontrivial becausethe architecture contains a wide variety of system componentsand interconnection topology, and a given functionality can berealized in various ways depending on cost-performancetradeoffs. Therefore, a system design methodology must provideadequate design steps to map the abstract functionality on adetailed architecture.

MASICMaths to ASICis a system design methodologytargeting DSP applications. In MASIC, we begin with afunctional model of the system. Next, the architecturaldecisions are captured to map the functionality on the systemarchitecture. We present a systematic approach to classify thearchitectural decisions in two categories: system leveldecisions (SLDs) and implementation level decisions (ILDs). Asa result of this categorization, we only need to consider asubset of the decisions at once. To capture these decisions inan abstract way, we present three transaction level models(TLMs) in the context of DSP systems. These TLMs capture thedesign decisions using abstract transactions where timing ismodeled only to describe the major synchronization events. As aresult the functionality can be mapped to the systemarchitecture without meticulous details. Also, the artifacts ofthe design decisions in terms of delay can be simulatedquickly. Thus the MASIC approach saves both modeling andsimulation time. It also facilitates the reuse of predesignedhardware and software components.

To capture and inject the architectural decisionsefficiently, we present the grammar based language of MASIC.This language effectively helps us to implement the stepspertaining to the methodology. A Petri net based simulationtechnique is developed, which avoids the need to compile theMASIC description to VHDL for the sake of simulation. We alsopresent a divide and conquer based approach to verify the MASICmodel of a system.

Keywords:System design methodology, Signal processingsystems, Design decision, Communication, Computation, Modeldevelopment, Transaction level model, System design language,Grammar, MASIC.

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Das, Angan. "Algorithms for Topology Synthesis of Analog Circuits." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1227204301.

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Bolt, Philip. "The design and implementation of a grammar-checking program for learners of English as a foreign language : information, processes, possibilities and limitations." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363385.

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Mendes, Leticia Teixeira 1981. "Personalização de habitação de interesse social no Brasil : o caso da implantação urbana em conjuntos habitacionais." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258031.

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Orientadores: Maria Gabriela Caffarena Celani, José Manuel Pinto Duarte
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: Há décadas o Brasil vem tentando solucionar seu problema de déficit de moradias, por meio de uma estratégia modernista de tipologias padronizadas e implantação repetitiva, o que tem resultado, na maioria das vezes, em espaços públicos de baixa qualidade espacial, pouco variados e carentes de uma gradação entre as áreas públicas e privadas que permita a criação de comunidades solidárias dentro dos grandes conjuntos habitacionais. Nesse contexto, adotando uma linha de pensamento estruturalista, esta tese tem como objetivo geral propor um método de projeto para o desenvolvimento de implantação urbana em conjuntos de Habitação de Interesse Social (HIS) que permita a criação de espaços comuns e áreas de lazer mais diversificados. O trabalho começa com a análise de alguns projetos de conjuntos habitacionais nacionais e internacionais, identificando suas principais características do ponto de vista da implantação, por meio da inferência de regras de composição utilizando o formalismo da Gramática da Forma, de Stiny e Gips. Em seguida, é feito um levantamento de exemplos de aplicação de métodos paramétricos e generativos no desenvolvimento de projetos de HIS, nos contextos da pesquisa e do ensino de projeto. Finalmente, são desenvolvidos experimentos de ensino com alunos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, utilizando a Gramática da Forma, por meio de modelos físicos, como método projetual de implantação urbana de HIS. O uso dos métodos adotados contribuiu para a criação de composições com maior diversidade e qualidade espacial, o que pôde ser comprovado por meio de questionários aplicados aos alunos participantes e da avaliação de especialistas. Espera-se que este trabalho sirva como diretriz para a introdução de novos métodos projetuais no ensino e desenvolvimento de projetos de conjuntos habitacionais
Abstract: For decades Brazil has been trying to solve the problem of housing shortage through a modernist strategy of standardized types and uninteresting urban sitting, which has resulted, most often, in low spatial quality public spaces, with lack of variation and gradation between public and private areas to allow the creation of supportive communities in large low-income housing developments. In this context, adopting a structuralist thought, this thesis aims at proposing a design method for the development of urban sitting in low-income housing developments that allows the creation of common open spaces and recreational areas with more diversity. The work begins with an analysis of some low-income housing designs in Brazil and abroad, identifying their main characteristics in terms of urban design, through the inference of composition rules, using the Shape Grammar formalism, developed by Stiny and Gips. The research included a survey of applications of parametric and generative design in the development of low-income housing developments, in the contexts of research and design teaching. Finally, teaching experiments using Shape Grammar and physical models as a design method for urban design of low-income housing were carried out. The use of the adopted methods contributed to the creation of compositions with higher diversity and spatial quality, which was proven by means of questionnaires administered to participating students and the evaluation of experts. It is hoped that this work will provide guidelines for the introduction of new design methods in the teaching and development of housing developments
Doutorado
Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade
Doutora em Arquitetura, Tecnologia e Cidade

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Lemos, Claudênia de Paula. "Multimodalidade no discurso preventivo de cartazes do Programa Saúde da Família." www.teses.ufc.br, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16680.

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LEMOS, Claudênia de Paula. Multimodalidade no discurso preventivo de cartazes do Programa Saúde da Família. 2016. 107f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.
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This research has the topic of discussion discursive multimodality and part of an expanded notion of text (Fairclough, 2001), according to which the text is defined as a unit of meaning and concerns, so the verbal compositions, nonverbal compositions and also formed compositions, both verbal material and non-verbal material. The theme of this research is defined as Multimodality in preventive speech posters of the Family Health Program (PSF) and arises from the field experience gained during the participation in the project entitled "Dialogue as Health Professional Intervention Tool in Relationship Patients with ", funded by the Cearense Support Scientific and Technological Development Foundation (FUNCAP / PPSUS / CNPq / SESA notice 3-2012) and coordinated by Professor Maria Isabel Santos Magalhaes, guiding this research. We aimed to examine how multimodality contributes to materialize the preventive discourse on posters to publicize the Family Health Program (PSF), identifying and characterizing the multimodal elements that shape the genre in question, checking how these elements are articulated to build and naturalize senses potentially ideological. From the perspective of qualitative research, we conducted a case study with as photographic records of circulating posters data in the PSF service centers. Reports and field notes subsidized in context and analysis of the data analyzed based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Design Visual Grammar (KRESS; van Leeuwen, 2006) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, 2001, 2003). We note that the posters are produced by joint elements from the advertisement genre, and its informative function and neutrality of information are in the background, because the persuasive elements have greater prominence. Thus, we understand that the real purpose of the wide circulation of these visual compositions in the PSF service posts is not the information as a preventive method, able to alert and educate the public, but lead your readers to see the social practice in which they live as part of the reality presented in the visual compositions. Our conclusions point that, so that campaigns can meet a really informative and preventive role, you need much more than their dissemination through posters. It is also necessary to rethink how the reception of these texts is being made and take into account the specificities of the different communities which are circulating because we find that the social, economic and cultural issues are not present in these visual compositions.
Esta pesquisa tem como tema de discussão a multimodalidade discursiva e parte de uma noção ampliada de texto (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001), segundo a qual o texto é definido como unidade de sentido e diz respeito, portanto, a composições verbais, composições não-verbais e também composições formadas, tanto de material verbal quanto material não-verbal. O tema desta pesquisa está delimitado como Multimodalidade no discurso preventivo de cartazes do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) e é oriundo da vivência de campo adquirida ao longo da participação no projeto intitulado “O Diálogo como Instrumento de Intervenção de Profissionais de Saúde na Relação com Pacientes”, financiado pela Fundação Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (FUNCAP/ PPSUS/CNPq/SESA, edital 3 - 2012) e coordenado pela Professora Doutora Maria Izabel Santos Magalhães, orientadora desta investigação. Objetivamos examinar como a multimodalidade contribui para materializar o discurso preventivo em cartazes de divulgação do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF), identificando e caracterizando os elementos multimodais que estruturam o gênero em questão, verificando como esses elementos articulam-se para construir e naturalizar sentidos, potencialmente ideológicos. Sob o prisma da pesquisa qualitativa, realizamos um estudo tendo como dados registros fotográficos de cartazes circulantes nos postos de atendimento do PSF. Relatos e notas de campo subsidiaram na contextualização e análise dos dados analisados com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 2006) e da Análise de Discurso Crítica (ADC) (FAIRCLOUGH; 2001, 2003). Constatamos que os cartazes são produzidos mediante a junção de elementos, provenientes do gênero anúncio publicitário, e que sua função informativa e a neutralidade da informação ficam em segundo plano, pois os elementos persuasivos possuem maior destaque. Desse modo, compreendemos que o intuito real da grande circulação dessas composições visuais nos postos de atendimento do PSF não é a informação como método preventivo, capaz de alertar e conscientizar a população, mas sim conduzir seus leitores a enxergar a prática social em que estão inseridos como parte da realidade apresentada nas composições visuais. Nossas considerações finais apontam que, para que as campanhas possam cumprir um papel realmente informativo e preventivo, é necessário bem mais do que sua divulgação através dos cartazes. É necessário, ainda, repensar como a recepção desses textos está sendo feita e levar em consideração as especificidades das diversas comunidades onde estão circulando, pois verificamos que as questões sociais, econômicas e culturais não estão presentes nessas composições visuais.

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31

Furr, Cynthia JoAnn. "Comparison of effectiveness between Merit Software and traditional grammar instruction for ninth grade students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2814.

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Purpose of the project is to determine whether Merit Software program, "Write it right" could be effective in a whole class setting (using one computer) rather than in a computer lab. The further purpose was to identify if this strategy was more effective than the use of the traditional textbook method of grammar study in the ninth grade. Lesson plans and a software description are included.

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32

Schreiner, Fernanda Reis. "Gramática de formas e o mobiliário modular multifuncional : um estudo de caso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25890.

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Esta pesquisa relaciona a teoria da Gramática de Formas (STINY;GIPS, 1972) com os princípios de modulação (HUANG, 2000), para subsidiar um método de antecipação das alternativas de composição capaz de prever a intervenção do usuário. O objeto de investigação, o móvel Vertibral, projetado por Joseph Keenan, é um conjunto de quatro módulos, compostos por 12 requadros lineares de madeira articulados permitindo a interpenetração (WONG,1998) para arranjo entre os módulos. A pesquisa baseia-se na recuperação da gênese do projeto Vertibral a partir de um modelo teórico (associação entre Gramática de Formas e modulação), e seguiu as seguintes etapas: análise do vocabulário do objeto da investigação; identificação e quantificação das relações espaciais possíveis entre dois módulos com a organização de matrizes; exercício de geração de regras formais e arranjos a partir das 232 relações espaciais quantificadas, em relação ao solo quantificadas; e, por último, comparação dos arranjos gerados por participantes do experimento de usabilidade, do tipo Co-discovery (KEMP;GELDEREN, 1996 e DUMAS;REDISH,1993), com relações espaciais quantificadas. A determinação de um método baseado nas etapas deste estudo de caso pode prever a multifuncionalidade para a concepção de um objeto, como o mobiliário.
This research associates the Shape Grammar theory (STINY; GIPS, 1972) to modulation principles (Huang, 2000) as to structure a method for predicting the user’s intervention in modular furniture arrays. The research object, the furniture Vertibral, designed by Joseph Keenan, is constituted by a set of four modules, consisting of 12 wood articulated linear frameworks allowing interpenetration (WONG, 1998) for modules arrangement. The research departs from the retrieval of the Vertibral design principles and follows four steps model: a)object’s vocabulary analysis; b)identification and measurement of possible spatial relationships between two modules with matrices organization; c) generation exercise of formal rules and arrays from 232 computed spatial relations with ground plane reference; and d) comparison of produced arrays made for a usability experiment, according to Co-discovery method (KEMP; GELDEREN, 1996 and DUMAS;REDISH, 1993), with spatial relationships computed. The four stages method seems to have lead to a very high degree of success in creating reliable proxys for multi-functional furniture design.

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33

Nascimento, Suelene Silva Oliveira. "A construÃÃo multimodal dos referentes em textos verbo-audiovisuais." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12650.

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nÃo hÃ
Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a construÃÃo referencial de um texto verbo-audiovisual com base em categorias da metafunÃÃo composicional na GramÃtica do Design Visual (KRESS & VAN LEEUWEN, 2006). Partimos do princÃpio de que o sentido dos signos nÃo estÃ completamente prÃ-definido antes de fazer parte de um enunciado. Os objetos do mundo, ao serem referidos pelo falante, passam pela percepÃÃo do indivÃduo, que, como cada um dos outros falantes da lÃngua, tem uma experiÃncia particular de vida e carrega sua bagagem de conhecimento, moldada pelas imposiÃÃes culturais e ideolÃgicas de sua sociedade e de sua Ãpoca. Assumimos os pressupostos fundamentais da GramÃtica do Design Visual (GDV), oriundos da GramÃtica SistÃmico-Funcional. Para verificar esse entrelaÃamento entre as semioses verbal e visual, elegemos o sociocognitivismo, a partir do qual propomos um redimensionamento das anÃlises efetivadas em LinguÃstica Textual (LT). Em um primeiro momento, verticalizamos alguns estudos sobre a multissemiose que jÃ tÃm tido uma tÃnica no campo da LT. Em um segundo momento, articulamos a teoria da referenciaÃÃo e a da multimodalidade com outros campos teÃricos, como o da compreensÃo leitora, com o intuito de fortalecer o nosso escopo de investigaÃÃo, elastecendo as pesquisas jÃ realizadas e, em especial, ultrapassando o plano exclusivamente verbal. Para a realizaÃÃo do presente estudo, analisamos um curta-metragem, Vida Maria, de MÃrcio Ramos, produzido em computaÃÃo grÃfica. A opÃÃo por esse gÃnero se deu em virtude da natureza do nosso instrumento de investigaÃÃo â entrevista por pautas ou semiorientada, uma vez que tencionamos analisar como se explica a construÃÃo dos referentes do filme no momento da exibiÃÃo das cenas do curta, e como tal reconstruÃÃo dos referentes em um texto verbo-audiovisual mobiliza certas estratÃgias de leitura.
This work has as main objective to analyze the referential construction of an verb audiovisual text based on verb categories of compositional metafunction in the Grammar of Visual Design (KRESS and VAN LEEUWEN, 2006). We assume that the meaning of things is not completely pre - set before being part of an utterance. The objects of the world, to be referred to by the speaker, are perceived by the individual, who, like each of the other speakers of the language, has a particular life experience and carries their knowledge, shaped by cultural and ideological constraints of their society and their times. We assume the fundamental assumptions of the Grammar of Visual Design (GDV), derived from the Systemic Functional Grammar. In order to verify this entanglement between the verbal and visual semiosis, we elected sociocognitivism, from which we propose a scaling effect in Linguistics Textual analysis (LT). At first, some studies verticalizes multissemioses who have already had a tonic in the field of LT. In a second step, we articulated the theory of multimodality and referral to other theoretical fields such as reading comprehension, in order to strengthen the scope of our research, establishing the studies already conducted and, in particular, exceeding the plan exclusively verbal. To carry out this study, we analyzed a short film, Vida Maria, MÃrcio Ramos, produced in computer graphics. The choice of this genre was due to the nature of our research tool â interview guidelines or semioriented, since we intend to analyze how is it related to the construction of the film at the time of display of short scenes, and as such reconstruction referents in a verbal-visual text mobilizes certain reading strategies.

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34

Yang, Dai Fei. "Improving Networked Learning in Higher Education: Language Functions and Design Patterns." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2465.

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The thesis of this study is that two seemingly disparate research disciplines can be coalesced to develop an effective pedagogical framework for educational design in the context of networked learning. That contention is grounded in, and inspired by, the rapid developments in educational technologies which have greatly changed the landscape in teaching and learning in higher education over the last decade. The study attempts to add to the corpus of contemporary learning theory which sees students not merely as passive recipients of knowledge, but as active participants in the learning process, having much greater control over their selection of technological learning tools, learning resources and learning methodologies. This is very much in line with the shift from the traditional focus on content design and knowledge transmission towards a more student-centred design for knowledge co-construction, a development which demands the type of new thinking about the design of learning tasks and learning resources contained in this study. Also set out are new lines of action for the fashioning of a collaborative learning environment, for community interaction and the sharing of knowledge, and for promoting good teaching and learning practice. The central argument of the study is that such pedagogical goals may be attained by juxtaposing the theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter SFL) and pattern languages. These have not, thus far, been used in combination. SFL is a well established theory in the study of language, and is used in this thesis to help analyse and classify discourses produced and shared by teachers and students in networked learning. Pattern languages have their origin in architecture. Design patterns can be used as a means of representing and sharing important and specific empirical research results and design experiences. This new knowledge can be used to support and improve the quality of educational design. The study has two central components. The first uses the SFL theoretical framework to demonstrate how text is used as a key medium in networked learning. In other words, it is argued in this section that the quality of texts has a direct impact on the quality of learning and learning outcomes. The quality of text is assessed by means of a detailed discourse analysis of selected texts. This process involves deconstructing, identifying and capturing the linguistic resources and language strategies used in the texts. The detailed discourse analysis also illustrates and reveals how language is used in the construction of knowledge and the promotion of collaboration in teaching and learning. The second component centres on the argument that SFL provides valuable language knowledge which can be represented by using Alexander’s design patterns. New knowledge encoded in these design patterns can be used by teachers and designers as reusable and shared resources to help them improve their design work. The empirical research was carried out in three phases. The first involved a) the identification of text patterns of discourses used in networked learning based on detailed discourse analysis; b) Interviewing experienced academic staff to identify their perspectives on good online teaching practices and success factors. The second phase involved using the data which emerged from these interviews and discourse analysis to model illustrative patterns. (Here, illustrative means that due to the scope of the study, it is only possible to develop a limited number of patterns to illustrate the methods used for pattern development. It is not the intention to develop a full repository of design patterns in this study). In the third (validation) phase the patterns were reviewed by two groups of academic staff, with the aim of improving these patterns. Improved patterns were then tested on a group of educational design students for their usefulness and application. It is concluded from this research that it is possible to develop design patterns which ensure the best use of linguistic resources in both the teaching and learning process. Finally, it is argued that the combination of SFL and pattern languages provides a promising theoretical framework for the complex and demanding task of educational design. Future research could make use of such a framework to explore a fuller application of the pattern- based approach for the representation of new knowledge for educational design. Suggested additional research directions include finding new ways of capturing a new pedagogical approach to mobile learning and blended learning. Also, a promising direction could be the use of SFL Appraisal theory (Martin, 2000) for the investigation on how students construct interpersonal relationships (appraise peer work) in online joint projects. In the conclusion, it is contended that through its exploration of new ground in the use of SFL and pattern language theory in the construction of education design patterns, the study makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the field of networked learning.

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35

Yang, Dai Fei. "Improving Networked Learning in Higher Education: Language Functions and Design Patterns." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2465.

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Doctor of Philosophy
The thesis of this study is that two seemingly disparate research disciplines can be coalesced to develop an effective pedagogical framework for educational design in the context of networked learning. That contention is grounded in, and inspired by, the rapid developments in educational technologies which have greatly changed the landscape in teaching and learning in higher education over the last decade. The study attempts to add to the corpus of contemporary learning theory which sees students not merely as passive recipients of knowledge, but as active participants in the learning process, having much greater control over their selection of technological learning tools, learning resources and learning methodologies. This is very much in line with the shift from the traditional focus on content design and knowledge transmission towards a more student-centred design for knowledge co-construction, a development which demands the type of new thinking about the design of learning tasks and learning resources contained in this study. Also set out are new lines of action for the fashioning of a collaborative learning environment, for community interaction and the sharing of knowledge, and for promoting good teaching and learning practice. The central argument of the study is that such pedagogical goals may be attained by juxtaposing the theories of Systemic Functional Linguistics (hereafter SFL) and pattern languages. These have not, thus far, been used in combination. SFL is a well established theory in the study of language, and is used in this thesis to help analyse and classify discourses produced and shared by teachers and students in networked learning. Pattern languages have their origin in architecture. Design patterns can be used as a means of representing and sharing important and specific empirical research results and design experiences. This new knowledge can be used to support and improve the quality of educational design. The study has two central components. The first uses the SFL theoretical framework to demonstrate how text is used as a key medium in networked learning. In other words, it is argued in this section that the quality of texts has a direct impact on the quality of learning and learning outcomes. The quality of text is assessed by means of a detailed discourse analysis of selected texts. This process involves deconstructing, identifying and capturing the linguistic resources and language strategies used in the texts. The detailed discourse analysis also illustrates and reveals how language is used in the construction of knowledge and the promotion of collaboration in teaching and learning. The second component centres on the argument that SFL provides valuable language knowledge which can be represented by using Alexander’s design patterns. New knowledge encoded in these design patterns can be used by teachers and designers as reusable and shared resources to help them improve their design work. The empirical research was carried out in three phases. The first involved a) the identification of text patterns of discourses used in networked learning based on detailed discourse analysis; b) Interviewing experienced academic staff to identify their perspectives on good online teaching practices and success factors. The second phase involved using the data which emerged from these interviews and discourse analysis to model illustrative patterns. (Here, illustrative means that due to the scope of the study, it is only possible to develop a limited number of patterns to illustrate the methods used for pattern development. It is not the intention to develop a full repository of design patterns in this study). In the third (validation) phase the patterns were reviewed by two groups of academic staff, with the aim of improving these patterns. Improved patterns were then tested on a group of educational design students for their usefulness and application. It is concluded from this research that it is possible to develop design patterns which ensure the best use of linguistic resources in both the teaching and learning process. Finally, it is argued that the combination of SFL and pattern languages provides a promising theoretical framework for the complex and demanding task of educational design. Future research could make use of such a framework to explore a fuller application of the pattern- based approach for the representation of new knowledge for educational design. Suggested additional research directions include finding new ways of capturing a new pedagogical approach to mobile learning and blended learning. Also, a promising direction could be the use of SFL Appraisal theory (Martin, 2000) for the investigation on how students construct interpersonal relationships (appraise peer work) in online joint projects. In the conclusion, it is contended that through its exploration of new ground in the use of SFL and pattern language theory in the construction of education design patterns, the study makes a significant contribution to knowledge in the field of networked learning.

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36

Nascimento, Suelene Silva Oliveira. "A construção multimodal dos referentes em textos verbo-audiovisuais." www.teses.ufc.br, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/9504.

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NASCIMENTO, Suelene Silva Oliveira. A construção multimodal dos referentes em textos verbo-audiovisuais. 2014. 150f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2014.
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This work has as main objective to analyze the referential construction of an verb audiovisual text based on verb categories of compositional metafunction in the Grammar of Visual Design (KRESS and VAN LEEUWEN, 2006). We assume that the meaning of things is not completely pre - set before being part of an utterance. The objects of the world, to be referred to by the speaker, are perceived by the individual, who, like each of the other speakers of the language, has a particular life experience and carries their knowledge, shaped by cultural and ideological constraints of their society and their times. We assume the fundamental assumptions of the Grammar of Visual Design (GDV), derived from the Systemic Functional Grammar. In order to verify this entanglement between the verbal and visual semiosis, we elected sociocognitivism, from which we propose a scaling effect in Linguistics Textual analysis (LT). At first, some studies verticalizes multissemioses who have already had a tonic in the field of LT. In a second step, we articulated the theory of multimodality and referral to other theoretical fields such as reading comprehension, in order to strengthen the scope of our research, establishing the studies already conducted and, in particular, exceeding the plan exclusively verbal. To carry out this study, we analyzed a short film, Vida Maria, Márcio Ramos, produced in computer graphics. The choice of this genre was due to the nature of our research tool – interview guidelines or semioriented, since we intend to analyze how is it related to the construction of the film at the time of display of short scenes, and as such reconstruction referents in a verbal-visual text mobilizes certain reading strategies.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a construção referencial de um texto verbo-audiovisual com base em categorias da metafunção composicional na Gramática do Design Visual (KRESS & VAN LEEUWEN, 2006). Partimos do princípio de que o sentido dos signos não está completamente pré-definido antes de fazer parte de um enunciado. Os objetos do mundo, ao serem referidos pelo falante, passam pela percepção do indivíduo, que, como cada um dos outros falantes da língua, tem uma experiência particular de vida e carrega sua bagagem de conhecimento, moldada pelas imposições culturais e ideológicas de sua sociedade e de sua época. Assumimos os pressupostos fundamentais da Gramática do Design Visual (GDV), oriundos da Gramática Sistêmico-Funcional. Para verificar esse entrelaçamento entre as semioses verbal e visual, elegemos o sociocognitivismo, a partir do qual propomos um redimensionamento das análises efetivadas em Linguística Textual (LT). Em um primeiro momento, verticalizamos alguns estudos sobre a multissemiose que já têm tido uma tônica no campo da LT. Em um segundo momento, articulamos a teoria da referenciação e a da multimodalidade com outros campos teóricos, como o da compreensão leitora, com o intuito de fortalecer o nosso escopo de investigação, elastecendo as pesquisas já realizadas e, em especial, ultrapassando o plano exclusivamente verbal. Para a realização do presente estudo, analisamos um curta-metragem, Vida Maria, de Márcio Ramos, produzido em computação gráfica. A opção por esse gênero se deu em virtude da natureza do nosso instrumento de investigação – entrevista por pautas ou semiorientada, uma vez que tencionamos analisar como se explica a construção dos referentes do filme no momento da exibição das cenas do curta, e como tal reconstrução dos referentes em um texto verbo-audiovisual mobiliza certas estratégias de leitura.

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37

Bonifácio, Carla Alecsandra de Melo. "A tradição discursiva e a gramática do design visual no anúncio publicitário." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6344.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
From the publicity texts, which are presented in several supports both in printing and electronic press, the aim of this work is describe the change and permanence traces in the composition of the advertising Discoursive tradition mainly, those of products to the female public, which circulated in Brazil in the magazine O Cruzeiro from the twentieth century (1950-1965), comparing them with the advertisings published by the magazine Claudia in the first decade of the twenty-first century (2000-2010). In order to achieve this aim, it was used: the theoretical framework of the Discoursive traditions that takes into consideration the relation a text can have with another one and the degree of repetition, not being a simple linguistic reproduction, but the discoursive use of the language in a concrete situation; Bakhtin`s transformation/ transmutation proposal (2003) of the discoursive gender, which studies the gender as a set relatively stable of conventions that are connected to social accepted activities, as well as the studies developed about the Grammar of Visual Design by Kress and Theo van Leeuwen (2000) to the analysis of the elements related to the non verbal language. Taking into consideration that the genders are changeable, once they are result of social practices reflecting into the language, it is justified the importance of this research due to the essential role the press has developed in the society from the nineteenth century to the present. The analysis revealed that although the advertising discoursive tradition has kept in its composition structure elements that allow its recognition as advertisements, as the name of the product and the trend, this gender has passed through an intern innovating transmutation, once the recognized changes occur inside the gender without incorporating other.
A partir dos textos publicitários, que se fazem presentes em inúmeros suportes tanto na mídia impressa quanto na mídia eletrônica, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever os traços de mudança e de permanência na composição da Tradição Discursiva anúncio, especificamente os de produtos para o público feminino, que circularam no Brasil na revista O Cruzeiro do século XX (1950-1965), comparando-os com os anúncios da revista Claudia do século XXI (2000-2010). Para tanto, foram utilizados: o arcabouço teórico das Tradições Discursivas, que leva em consideração a relação que um texto pode ter com outro texto e o grau de repetição, não sendo uma simples reprodução linguística, mas o uso discursivo da língua em uma situação concreta; a proposta de Bakhtin (2003) de transformação/ transmutação do gênero discursivo, que estuda o gênero como um conjunto relativamente estável de convenções unidas a atividades aceitas socialmente; bem como os estudos desenvolvidos acerca da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e Theo van Leeuwen (2000) para a análise dos elementos concernentes à linguagem não verbal. Considerando que os gêneros são mutáveis, pois são resultados das práticas sociais com reflexo na linguagem, justifica-se a importância dessa pesquisa pelo papel primordial que a imprensa tem desempenhado na sociedade desde o século XX até os dias atuais. A análise revelou que, embora a Tradição Discursiva gênero publicitário tenha mantido, em sua estrutura de composição, elementos que permitem o seu reconhecimento enquanto anúncio publicitário, como o nome do produto e a marca, esse gênero passou por uma transmutação inovadora interna, já que as mudanças percebidas aconteceram no interior do gênero, sem que, para isso, ele incorporasse outro gênero.

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38

Lemos, ClaudÃnia de Paula. "Multimodalidade no discurso preventivo de cartazes do Programa SaÃde da FamÃlia." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16862.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
This research has the topic of discussion discursive multimodality and part of an expanded notion of text (Fairclough, 2001), according to which the text is defined as a unit of meaning and concerns, so the verbal compositions, nonverbal compositions and also formed compositions, both verbal material and non-verbal material. The theme of this research is defined as Multimodality in preventive speech posters of the Family Health Program (PSF) and arises from the field experience gained during the participation in the project entitled "Dialogue as Health Professional Intervention Tool in Relationship Patients with ", funded by the Cearense Support Scientific and Technological Development Foundation (FUNCAP / PPSUS / CNPq / SESA notice 3-2012) and coordinated by Professor Maria Isabel Santos Magalhaes, guiding this research. We aimed to examine how multimodality contributes to materialize the preventive discourse on posters to publicize the Family Health Program (PSF), identifying and characterizing the multimodal elements that shape the genre in question, checking how these elements are articulated to build and naturalize senses potentially ideological. From the perspective of qualitative research, we conducted a case study with as photographic records of circulating posters data in the PSF service centers. Reports and field notes subsidized in context and analysis of the data analyzed based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Design Visual Grammar (KRESS; van Leeuwen, 2006) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, 2001, 2003). We note that the posters are produced by joint elements from the advertisement genre, and its informative function and neutrality of information are in the background, because the persuasive elements have greater prominence. Thus, we understand that the real purpose of the wide circulation of these visual compositions in the PSF service posts is not the information as a preventive method, able to alert and educate the public, but lead your readers to see the social practice in which they live as part of the reality presented in the visual compositions. Our conclusions point that, so that campaigns can meet a really informative and preventive role, you need much more than their dissemination through posters. It is also necessary to rethink how the reception of these texts is being made and take into account the specificities of the different communities which are circulating because we find that the social, economic and cultural issues are not present in these visual compositions.
Esta pesquisa tem como tema de discussÃo a multimodalidade discursiva e parte de uma noÃÃo ampliada de texto (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001), segundo a qual o texto Ã definido como unidade de sentido e diz respeito, portanto, a composiÃÃes verbais, composiÃÃes nÃo-verbais e tambÃm composiÃÃes formadas, tanto de material verbal quanto material nÃo-verbal. O tema desta pesquisa estÃ delimitado como Multimodalidade no discurso preventivo de cartazes do Programa de SaÃde da FamÃlia (PSF) e Ã oriundo da vivÃncia de campo adquirida ao longo da participaÃÃo no projeto intitulado âO DiÃlogo como Instrumento de IntervenÃÃo de Profissionais de SaÃde na RelaÃÃo com Pacientesâ, financiado pela FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico (FUNCAP/ PPSUS/CNPq/SESA, edital 3 - 2012) e coordenado pela Professora Doutora Maria Izabel Santos MagalhÃes, orientadora desta investigaÃÃo. Objetivamos examinar como a multimodalidade contribui para materializar o discurso preventivo em cartazes de divulgaÃÃo do Programa de SaÃde da FamÃlia (PSF), identificando e caracterizando os elementos multimodais que estruturam o gÃnero em questÃo, verificando como esses elementos articulam-se para construir e naturalizar sentidos, potencialmente ideolÃgicos. Sob o prisma da pesquisa qualitativa, realizamos um estudo tendo como dados registros fotogrÃficos de cartazes circulantes nos postos de atendimento do PSF. Relatos e notas de campo subsidiaram na contextualizaÃÃo e anÃlise dos dados analisados com base nos pressupostos teÃrico-metodolÃgicos da GramÃtica do Design Visual (KRESS; van LEEUWEN, 2006) e da AnÃlise de Discurso CrÃtica (ADC) (FAIRCLOUGH; 2001, 2003). Constatamos que os cartazes sÃo produzidos mediante a junÃÃo de elementos, provenientes do gÃnero anÃncio publicitÃrio, e que sua funÃÃo informativa e a neutralidade da informaÃÃo ficam em segundo plano, pois os elementos persuasivos possuem maior destaque. Desse modo, compreendemos que o intuito real da grande circulaÃÃo dessas composiÃÃes visuais nos postos de atendimento do PSF nÃo Ã a informaÃÃo como mÃtodo preventivo, capaz de alertar e conscientizar a populaÃÃo, mas sim conduzir seus leitores a enxergar a prÃtica social em que estÃo inseridos como parte da realidade apresentada nas composiÃÃes visuais. Nossas consideraÃÃes finais apontam que, para que as campanhas possam cumprir um papel realmente informativo e preventivo, Ã necessÃrio bem mais do que sua divulgaÃÃo atravÃs dos cartazes. Ã necessÃrio, ainda, repensar como a recepÃÃo desses textos estÃ sendo feita e levar em consideraÃÃo as especificidades das diversas comunidades onde estÃo circulando, pois verificamos que as questÃes sociais, econÃmicas e culturais nÃo estÃo presentes nessas composiÃÃes visuais.

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Gonçalves, Giovana de Godoi 1981. "Sistemas generativos de projeto : um estudo de campo em Monte Alegre do Sul." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/321732.

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Orientador: Maria Gabriela Caffarena Celani
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T22:00:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goncalves_GiovanadeGodoi_M.pdf: 38323426 bytes, checksum: adab0ffe54b87bae0f9096ca8453b387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
Resumo: Uma nova função atribuída atualmente aos arquitetos é a de desenvolver ferramentas de projeto, conhecidas como generative design systems, que têm em comum preocupações como produtividade e variedade, objetivando a inovação formal. Um dos paradigmas utilizados para a geração de formas é a gramática da forma, que se baseia na definição de um vocabulário de formas e de regras de combinações e operações entre elas. A gramática da forma pode ser utilizada tanto para a descrição de linguagens existentes como para a criação de novas composições. Este trabalho consiste em um estudo de caso, a partir de um corpus de análise, de aplicação da gramática da forma com essas duas finalidades. O corpus de análise é composto por fachadas de construções históricas do centro da cidade de Monte Alegre do Sul. A pequena cidade, fundada no final do século XIX, foi escolhida porque manteve suas características urbanísticas originais e seus edifícios sofreram pouquíssimas intervenções ao longo do século XX. A partir desse corpus foi criada uma gramática da forma que descreve as composições dessas fachadas. Espera-se que essa gramática possa servir de base para futuras reformas nos edifícios da cidade.
Abstract: A new role entrusted to architects today is to develop design tools, known as generative design systems, which have in common concerns such as productivity and variety, aiming at formal innovation. One of the paradigms used for the generation of forms is shape grammar, which is based on the definition of a vocabulary of forms and rules of combinations and operations between them. Shape grammar can be used both for the description of existing languages and for the creation of new compositions. In this case study, a grammar with these two purposes was developed, from a corpus of analysis. The corpus was composed of façades of historic buildings from Monte Alegre do Sul downtown. The small town, founded at the end of the nineteenth century, was chosen because it maintained its original characteristics and it buildings suffered very few interventions over the XXth century. The grammar developed describes the compositions of all the façades in the group. We expected that this grammar can be used as a guide for future renovations of other buildings in the town.
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil

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Mateus, Daniel Fernando Tomé. "Projeto baseado em energia." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20789.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitetura, com a especialização em Desenho e Computação, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de Doutor.
A presente tese desenvolve um sistema de projeto para o envelope de edifícios, o qual se baseia em processos energéticos, permitindo criar e transformar formas para o envelope de edifícios que sejam capazes de captar de um modo eficiente a irradiação solar incidente no envelope. Pretende assim estabelecer um paradigma de Projeto baseado em Energia, abordando para isso um caso de estudo específico, o Projeto Digital de Envelopes de Edifícios. Para viabilizar o Projeto baseado em Energia e o Projeto Digital de Envelopes de Edifícios é elaborado um sistema Arquitetura-Envelopes de Edifícios, o qual relaciona o projeto digital de envelopes de edifícios com outros tipos de projeto a montante, nomeadamente o projeto de arquitetura, e a jusante, como o projeto dos vãos de um edifício. É desenvolvida também uma metodologia para o projeto digital de envelopes de edifícios e são elaborados dois instrumentos conceptuais para a conceção de envelopes de edifícios: o conceito teórico de Algoritmo de Forma e uma Gramática do Envelope de Edifícios, baseados nos conceitos de gramática da forma, gramática descritiva, gramática discursiva e gramática genérica. Para a constituição de um instrumento prático de projeto, a gramática do envelope de edifícios é implementada em um protótipo de software, designado por LIDIA, o qual é testado no desenvolvimento de um projeto para o envelope de duas tipologias de moradias unifamiliares, onde é possível comprovar que a gramática do envelope de edifícios é válida para a geração de formas para o envelope de edifícios, que captam de um modo eficiente a irradiação solar incidente no envelope. Deste modo, é comprovada a eficiência do sistema Arquitetura-Envelopes de Edifícios, da metodologia elaborada, do conceito de Algoritmo de Forma, da Gramática do Envelope de Edifícios e do protótipo de software LIDIA, viabilizando-se o Projeto Digital de Envelopes de Edifícios e o paradigma do Projeto baseado em Energia.
ABSTRACT: The present thesis develops a design system for the buildings envelope that is based on energy processes, allowing to create and transform building envelope shapes that are able to efficiently capture the incident solar radiation on the envelope. Thus, it intends to establish an Energy-based Design paradigm, developing for that a specific case study, the Digital Design of Building Envelopes. In order to make the Energy-based Design and the Digital Design of Building Envelopes feasible, an Architecture-Building Envelopes system is developed, which links the digital design of building envelopes with other types of upstream design, namely architectural design, and downstream, such as the design of the openings of a building. A methodology for the digital design of building envelopes is also developed and two conceptual instruments for the design of building envelopes are elaborated: the theoretical concept of Form Algorithm and a Buildings Envelope Grammar, based on the concepts of shape grammar, descriptive grammar, discursive grammar and generic grammar. For the development of a practical design instrument, the buildings envelope grammar is implemented in a prototype of a software, called LIDIA, which is tested in the development of a project for the envelope of two tipologies of unifamiliar houses, where it can be shown that the buildings envelope grammar is valid for generating shapes for the buildings envelope that efficiently capture the incident solar radiation on the envelope. In this way, it is also shown the efficiency of the Architecture-Building Envelopes system, of the developed methodology, of the Form Algorithm concept, of the Buildings Envelope Grammar and of the LIDIA software prototype, making possible the Digital Design of Building Envelopes and the Energy-based Design paradigm.
N/A

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Teixeira, Jeannie Fontes. "EstratÃgias de referenciaÃÃo em infogrÃficos: contribuiÃÃes da imagem para a construÃÃo da referÃncia e progressÃo textual." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18781.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O infogrÃfico Ã um gÃnero textual multimodal que ganha expressÃo em avaliaÃÃes de larga escala da educaÃÃo bÃsica, como o PISA e o ENEM. Entretanto, verificamos a pouca participaÃÃo deste gÃnero na esfera escolar, especialmente nos materiais didÃticos, o que indica uma lacuna no tratamento deste gÃnero na escola. Outro indicativo da pouÂca familiaridade dos alunos da educaÃÃo bÃsica com o infogrÃfico Ã o baixo Ãndice de acertos â apontados pelo PISA, por exemplo â em questÃes que o envolvem. Tendo como norteadores os pressupostos da teoria da ReferenciaÃÃo, tomamos como tarefa a formulaÃÃo de uma proposta didÃtica para a abordagem desse gÃnero multimodal em turmas de Ensino Fundamental. Para esse intento, norteados por Mondada e Dubois (2014), Cavalcante & Brito (2015; 2016), Cavalcante, CustÃdio Filho e Brito (2014), Koch e Elias (2016), Kress e van Leeuwen (1997) investigamos as estratÃgias de construÃÃo referencial e de progressÃo temÃtica mobilizadas pelo infogrÃfico com foco em sua modalidade imagÃtica, a fim de verificarmos se hÃ regularidades que possam amparar essa proposta. Para a anÃlise do infogrÃfico enquanto gÃnero textual, aliamos aos estudos LinguÃsticos de gÃnero textual (BAKTHIN, 1997), (BAZERMAN, 2009; 2011), (PAIVA, 2008, 2011) estudos da Ãrea da ComunicaÃÃo Social (TEIXEIRA, 2010), (SOJO, 2002) que apontaram uma tipologia aplicÃvel ao ensino. Os aspectos multimodais do infogrÃfico foram verificados pela associaÃÃo dos pressupostos da ReferenciaÃÃo com os pressupostos da GramÃtica do Design Visual (KRESS E VAN LEUWEEN, 1996), como apontada por Cavalcante e Brito (2015; 2016), Cavalcante, CustÃdio Filho E Brito (2014), Oliveira-Nascimento (2014). Trata-se de pesquisa mista, uma vez que mapeou a ocorrÃncia de infogrÃficos dos livros didÃticos de L.P. do ensino fundamental, bem como indicou uma possÃvel categorizaÃÃo, bem como descreveu e interpretou as estratÃgias mobilizadas pelos textos. O exemplÃrio foi constituÃdo por 15 infogrÃficos coletados das coleÃÃes de livros didÃticos de LÃngua Portuguesa aprovados pelo PNLD â 2017 e 3 questÃes do exame PISA. Dentre as regularidades verificadas, (1) apontamos constituintes prototÃpicos fundamentais para o estabelecimento da coerÃncia no infogrÃfico, (2) descrevemos as estratÃgias mobilizadas pelo gÃnero em razÃo da sua multimodalidade, (3) descrevemos as metaestratÃgias que os enunciados referentes aos infogrÃficos no L.D. podem orientar e (4) verificamos a tipologia mais presente em livros didÃticos da disciplina de LÃngua Portuguesa do ensino. A partir desses elementos, elaboramos uma sequÃncia de atividades com vistas Ã aplicaÃÃo em turmas de fundamental, orientada pela Taxonomia de Bloom (1956). Ademais, sugerimos pesquisas posteriores com a finalidade de ampliar as perspectivas de anÃlise de textos multimodais pelos pressupostos da ReferenciaÃÃo e de formar o professor de ensino fundamental para tratamento didÃtico deste gÃnero.
The infographic is a multimodal textual genre that gains expression in large-scale assessments of basic education such as PISA and ENEM. However, we have found little participation in this genre in the school sphere, especially in didactic materials, which indicates a gap in the treatment of this genre in school. Another indication of low familiarity of elementary school students with infographic is the low hit rate - as pointed out by PISA, for example - in questions that involve it. Having as guiding the presuppositions of the Referencing theory, we took into account the formulation of a didactic proposal as a task for a multimodal gender approach in elementary school classes. For this purpose, guided by Mondada and Dubois (2014), Cavalcante and Brito (2015; 2016), Cavalcante, CustÃdio Filho and Brito (2014), Koch and Elias (2016), Kress and van Leeuwen (1997) we have investigated the strategies of referential construction and thematic progression mobilized by the infographic focusing on its imagetic modality, in order to verify whether there are regularities that can support this proposal. For the analysis of the infographic as a textual genre, we have allied to the linguistic studies of textual genre (BAKTHIN, 1997), (BAZERMAN, 2009; 2011), (PAIVA, 2008, 2011) studies in the Social Communication Area (TEIXEIRA, 2010), (SOJO, 2002) which pointed out a typology applicable to teaching. The multimodal aspects of the infographic were verified by the association of the Referencing and The grammar of visual design presuppositions (KRESS E VAN LEUWEEN, 1996), as pointed out by Cavalcante and Brito (2015; 2016), Cavalcante, CustÃdio Filho and Brito (2014), Oliveira-Nascimento (2014). It is a mixed research, since it has mapped the occurrence of infographic in the L.P. textbooks of the elementary school, as well as indicating a possible categorization, as well as described and interpreted the strategies mobilized by the texts. The sample was consisted of 15 infographics collected from Portuguese textbooks collections approved by PNLD â 2017 and 3 questions from PISA exam. Among the verified regularities, (1) we have pointed out fundamental prototypical constituents for the establishment of the coherence in the infographic, (2) we have described the strategies mobilized by the genre because of its multimodality, (3) we have described the meta-strategies that the statements related to infographics in L.D. can guide and (4) we have verified the most present typology in textbooks of the Portuguese discipline of the teaching. From these elements, we have elaborated a sequence of activities focusing the application in fundamental classes, oriented by Bloom Taxonomy (1956), Furthermore, we have suggested further research with the purpose of expanding the perspectives of multimodal texts analysis by the Referencing presuppositions and to train the teacher of elementary education for didactic treatment of this genre.

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Silva, Lilian Arruda. "Construção de corpos: análise de capas das revistas dirigidas aos homoeróticos masculinos." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4840.

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The image has become one of the major persuasive elements. Kress (1997) says that the society is seeing the significative changing of valorization in the semiotic modes, specially, one changing of the verbal form to the visual of the representation and comunication. In this way, studying images is necessary, because it is related to the propagation of values and social identity constitution as well. Relegated the importance of the images in the postmodern world, we will discuss, in this assignment, the relation between image-genre social-body, based in the Visual Semiotic and in the researches in the Multimodality, once we try to analyse the Body constrution, through the covers of the magazines: G Magazine, Junior, Dom and Aimé addressed to a particular public: the homoerotic male. To do it so, we will have as theoretical support a Grammar of Visual Design written by kress and van Leeuwen (1996) which is based in the Systemic-Functional Linguistic written by Halliday (1994). We will also base this assignment studies about the social genre (FOUCAULT, 1985; SCOTT, 1990; LOURO, 1997, 2005, 2007; LAQUEUR, 2001; WEEKS, 2007; BUTLER, 2008, among others). In the perspective poststructuralist, the identities and differences are defined from the culture and history, they are social and cultural creations, therefore, they are not innate to the human being, but are actively produced and built through the power relation and through the language. Therefore, the category body, is also understood and assumed as the historical reality, so the body becomes a space of debate and reflection regarding the construction related to the genre and sex. The analysis points to a promotion of a virile body that is, consequentelly, refute a female image, therefore, the social acceptance of the homoerotics. Therefore, we can to postulate that these bodies are constantly submitted to the thuth from an hemogenic representation, with fitted, young, white bodies, with no hair or even beard, which, overestimating the male, dissolving the speech of the heteronormativity as rule or reference of behavior.
A imagem tem se tornado um dos principais elementos persuasivos. Kress (1997) argumenta que a sociedade assiste a uma mudança significativa da relativa valoração dos modos semióticos, principalmente, uma mudança da forma verbal para a visual de representação e comunicação. Nesse sentido, estudar imagens faz-se necessário, pois está relacionada não só à veiculação de valores, mas também à constituição de identidades sociais. Relegada a importância das imagens no mundo pósmoderno, discutiremos neste trabalho a relação entre imagem-gênero social-corpo, à luz dos estudos que tratam da Semiótica Visual e das pesquisas em Multimodalidade, uma vez que procuramos analisar a construção do Corpo, através das imagens das Capas das Revistas: G Magazine, Junior, Dom e Aimé dirigidas a um público particular: os homoeróticos masculinos. Para tanto, utilizaremos como aporte teórico a Gramática do Design Visual cunhada por Kress e van Leeuwen (1996) que tem por premissa básica a Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional de Halliday (1994). Utilizaremos também estudos acerca do gênero social como categoria de analítica (FOUCAULT, 1985; SCOTT, 1990; LOURO, 1997, 2005, 2007; LAQUEUR, 2001; WEEKS, 2007; BUTLER, 2008, dentre outros). Na perspectiva pós-estruturalista, as identidades e as diferenças se definem a partir da cultura e da história, são criações sociais e culturais, portanto, não são inatas aos seres humanos, mas são ativamente produzidas e construídas através das relações de poder e através da/na linguagem. Nessa vertente, a categoria corpo também é entendida e assumida como uma realidade histórica, sendo assim, o corpo torna-se um espaço de debates e reflexões a respeito da sua construção em relação ao gênero e sexo. A análise aponta para uma promoção/fortalecimento de um corpo viril que, consequentemente, refuta uma imagem afeminada facilitando, portanto, a aceitação social dos homoeróticos, já que sua aparência exterior está dentro dos padrões tidos como modelos de masculinidade. Sendo assim, podemos postular que estes corpos são submetidos constantemente a regimes de verdade normalizadores regulados a partir de uma representação hegemônica, com corpos malhados, jovem, branco, sem pelos e sem barba, que, invariavelmente, supervalorizam a masculinidade, dissipando o discurso da heteronormatividade como norma e referência de comportamento.

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Siljelöv, Niclas. "En funktionell och motiverande grammatikundervisning i praktiken : En studie om gymnasieelevers inlärning av personliga och reflexiva pronomen på motiverande grunder." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för konst, kommunikation och lärande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-69394.

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Inom svenska som gymnasialt ämne är det vanligt förekommande att elever inte upplever grammatikundervisningen som motiverande. Vanligtvis beror bristen av motivation på att elever misslyckas med att se ett nyttoperspektiv med att lära sig grammatiken bakom sitt modersmål. Detta stärks av att grammatik ofta upplevs som ett isolerat moment inom svenskundervisningen. På grund av denna negativa inställning som elever ofta har mot just grammatikundervisningen finns därför ett växande behov av att strukturera om undervisningen. Då funktionell och deskriptiv grammatik ofta har förklarats som ett tillvägagångssätt som ska leda till en mer motiverande undervisning har detta studerats genom en didaktisk design av en formell lärsekvens. Syftet av studien var därför att skapa och utpröva en didaktisk design som utgår från en funktionell grammatik, för att undersöka huruvida elever upplever detta som motiverande eller inte. För att undersöka huruvida elever upplever funktionell grammatik inom ramarna för en didaktisk design som motiverande, har denna design blivit utförd i en klass bestående av 20 gymnasieelever som läser kursen Svenska 2. För att utvärdera resultaten har enkätundersökningar, observationer, en fokusgruppsintervju samt för- och eftertest legat grund för resultatet. Resultaten av föreliggande studie påvisar att elever uppfattade denna lärsekvens som lärorik, och mer motiverande än en traditionellt präglad grammatikundervisning. Denna studie indikerar följaktligen att en funktionell grammatik inom en formellt inramad lärsekvens möjligtvis kan bidra till en starkare motivation hos gymnasieelever.
Within Swedish education in upper secondary school, it is common that students do not perceive grammar education as motivating. Usually, the lack of motivation stems from the fact that students fail to see a practical use with the acquisition of grammar within their native language, which is strengthened by the fact that grammar is often perceived as an isolated part of the Swedish education. Because of this negative attitude that students often have towards grammar education, there is therefore an ever-increasing demand to re-structure the education. Since functional, and thus descriptive, grammar have often been declared as a way to make grammar education perceived as more motivating, this has been tested in practice through a didactic design of a formal teaching sequence. The purpose of this study was therefore to construct and test a didactic design within the boundaries of a traditional grammar, and investigate whether students perceived this as motivating. In order to investigate whether students perceive that functional grammar within the boundaries of a didactic design as motivating or not, the design has been carried out in a class consisting of 20 upper secondary school students that are studying the course Swedish 2. In order to evaluate the results, questionnaires, observations, a focus group interview and pre- and post tests have been the basis to generate the results of the preceding study. The results of the study show that students regarded this teaching sequence as informative, and more motivating than a grammar education characterized by a traditional grammar. Therefore, this study indicates that a functional grammar within a formally framed teaching sequence can possibly contribute to a stronger motivation among students of upper secondary school.

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Kent, Marina. "Evolving Art: Modifying Context Free Art with a Genetic Algorithm." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1033.

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Context Free Design Grammar (CFDG) is a programming language for defining recursive structures that can be used to create art. I use CFDG as a design space for genetic programming, experimenting with various options for crossover, mutation, and fitness. In this exploratory work, multiple generations are manually assessed to determine the usefulness of the mutation strategies and fitness functions. I find that simple value mutation and fitness that alters general program structure is not enough to produce an increase of interesting images in CFDG. I discuss these findings as well as future avenues of inquiry for genetic programming in artistic domains.

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Santos, Sandra Virgínia Correia de Andrade. "Competência leitora dos textos multimodais : interagindo com objetos digitais de aprendizagem." Pós-Graduação Profissional em Letras, 2015. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/7960.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Starting with an interactive and reflective perspective, this study aims to develop the reader competence before multimodal elements present in a contemporary textual composition, making effective practices of visual reading able to improve the students language skills . For this research, it was adopted as the scientific method Case Study with qualitative and quantitative approach, with the empirical field EMEF Iraildes Padilha Carvalho in the town of Tobias Barreto-SE. As a collection instrument was held an observation and a questionnaire. The research is based on the Grammar of Visual Design Kress and Van Leween (1996), which promotes the view that the visual elements present have a specific and significant architecture. As theoretical contribution was used also for studies of Rojo and Moura (2013), Marcuschi (2011), Bakhtin (2011), Tarouco (2003) and Dionysus (2011) among others. It was being that visual reading assumption is little explored in the classroom as well as the necessity of including the interactive and dynamic technology in pedagogical practices, elaborated a Digital Object Learning (ODA) for using with students during the development of research. In this context, it was decided to Nightmare magazine cover as the corpus to be investigated, from which were planned strategies and resources to be applied in the classroom. After the whole process of research, the results showed that students little explored the visual elements present in the texts, in spite of the fact that the unilateral perception of the images and other visual elements are for illustration only. It also has proven itself to digital resources enable the exploration and expansion of visual reading, bringing the student a dynamic and meaningful learning.
Partindo de uma perspectiva interativa e reflexiva, o presente estudo objetivou desenvolver a competência leitora diante dos elementos multimodais presentes na composição textual contemporânea, efetivando práticas de leitura visual capazes de aprimorar os conhecimentos linguísticos dos alunos. Para essa pesquisa, adotou-se como método científico o Estudo de Caso com abordagem qualitativa-quantitativa, tendo como campo empírico a EMEF Iraildes Padilha Carvalho, no município de Tobias Barreto-SE. Como instrumento de coleta foi realizada a observação e a aplicação de questionário. A pesquisa está fundamentada a partir da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e van Leeuwen (1996), a qual promove a concepção de que os elementos visuais presentes apresentam uma arquitetura própria e significante. Como aporte teórico, utilizou-se também dos estudos de Rojo e Moura (2013), Marcuschi (2011), Bakthin (2011), Tarouco (2003) e Dionísio (2011) dentre outros. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que a leitura visual é pouco explorada em sala de aula, bem como da necessidade de inserção da tecnologia de forma interativa e dinâmica nas práticas pedagógicas, elaborou-se um Objeto Digital de Aprendizagem (ODA) para utilização com os alunos durante o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Nesse contexto, optou-se pela capa da revista Mundo Estranho como o corpus a ser investigado, a partir do qual foram planejadas as estratégias e os recursos a serem aplicados em sala de aula. Após todo o processo de investigação, os resultados evidenciaram que os alunos pouco exploravam os elementos visuais presentes nos textos, tendo em vista a percepção unilateral de que as imagens e os demais elementos visuais servem apenas para ilustração. Além disso, comprovou-se também que os recursos digitais possibilitam a exploração e ampliação da leitura visual, trazendo para o aluno uma aprendizagem dinâmica e significativa.
Itabaiana, SE

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46

Pivetti, Michaella. "A fantasia, o design e a literatura para a infância. Fundamentos para uma gramática contemporânea da fantasia nos livros ilustrados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16134/tde-16102018-145108/.

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A literatura para a infância trabalha com a imaginação, mas nem sempre com a fantasia, entendida como operar criativo sobre esta. Partindo de tal pressuposição, a tese desenvolve um estudo sobre a literatura contemporânea representada pelos livros ilustrados e procura fundamentar parâmetros para uma leitura da fantasia na produção desses livros, a partir da teoria literária e do design. Para isso investiga também a noção de gramática sugerida pelo escritor italiano Gianni Rodari. Para estabelecer os contornos do conceito de fantasia -- encontrado inicialmente em Bruno Munari (\"Fantasia\", 1977) e Gianni Rodari (\"Gramática da Fantasia\", 1973) -- indaga quais definições em torno da noção emergem da filosofia, da expressão artística, da teoria literária e da tradição narrativa. Com base nos princípios e propostas dos dois autores-inventores, Munari e Rodari, que originaram o interesse pelo tema, o estudo esforçase em configurar um quadro de referências teóricas e analíticas que possibilite definir o objeto em relação à literatura e ao design. Procura, na história do conhecimento e da arte, os marcos que ajudam a identificar os aspectos de estética e linguagem que interessam aos propósitos de criatividade da fantasia e investiga, na teoria literária, os componentes dessa criatividade na construção narrativa. Em seguida, assumindo a noção de projeto, própria do design, como ponto de ligação entre definições de poética identificadas na literatura e o planejamento gráfico, propõe a noção de poética visual como estratégia narrativa dos livros ilustrados e procura estabelecer relações entre projeto e gramática a partir da teoria do design e de estudos sobre a linguagem dos livros ilustrados. Em termos metodológicos, partindo de indagações surgidas anteriormente à sua proposta, da experiência de projeto com livros ilustrados e de uma primeira sistematização de dados, este estudo qualitativo, modalidade de inquérito filosófico e caráter observacional, baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo e dados colhidos a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas que serviram para ajudar a compreender o estado da arte da literatura contemporânea para a infância. Partindo do pressuposto de que a chave de leitura representada pela fantasia permite observar questões relativas a criação e linguagem, inerentes à expressão (visual) narrativa do gênero, o estudo propõe quatro categorias de análise -- experimentação, transgressão, humor/medo e absurdo -- para uma leitura da fantasia em corpo de obras selecionado da produção contemporânea ocidental, verificando a correspondência com as hipóteses de trabalho do estudo acerca da noção de fantasia e de gramática. Finalmente, os aspectos identificados com base no desenvolvimento analítico indicam como, a partir de determinadas definições, a fantasia pode contribuir: 1) para uma leitura da originalidade narrativa dos livros ilustrados e 2) para servir de instrumento de investigação da criatividade; com isso, confirmando o vigor da proposta munari-rodariana.
Literature for children does work with imagination but less frequently with fantasy, the latter being regarded as a creative intervention on the former. Starting from this premise, the thesis develops a study on contemporary literature as represented by picturebooks and aims at establishing a few parameters for a depiction of fantasy in the production of these books, based on literary theory and design. To this aim, the notion of grammar originally put forward by the Italian writer Gianni Rodari is analysed. In order to establishing the boundaries of the fantasy concept - originally to be found in Bruno Munari (\"Fantasia\", 1977) and in Gianni Rodari (\"Grammatica della Fantasia\", 1973) - the definitions of the concept are examined which emerge from philosophy, artistic expression, literary theory as well as from the narrative tradition. Based on the principles and proposals developed by the two just mentioned authors-inventors, Munari and Rodari, which provoked the original interest in the field, the study tries to build a framework of theoretical and analytical references that might render it possible to define the subject-matter of fantasy in relation to both literature and design. The elements are then searched, through the history of knowledge and the history of art, that may help to single out which aspects of esthetics and language are susceptible of involving the creative objectives of fantasy, and the components of this creative activity in narrative constructions are examined within literary theory. Following this, the design notion of \'project\' is taken as the connecting link between the different definitions of poetics singled out in graphic planning and in the literature, with a view to putting forward a notion of visual poetics as a narrative strategy for picturebooks and relationships are established between project and grammar -- relationships based on design theory as well as on existing studies around a language of picturebooks. From the methodological point of view, the study -- its philosophical approach and observatory character -- originated from previous inquiries; it was then developed through a bibliographical survey, field research and data collected from semi-structured interviews that helped to figure out the state of the art in contemporary literature for infancy. Starting from the premise that, within this type of narrative-visual expression, the interpretative key represented by fantasy allows one to tackle questions concerning both creation and language, the study goes on suggesting four analytical categories - experimentation, transgression, humour/fear, absurdity - for approaching and understanding fantasy in contemporary selected works of Western authors. Finally, the argument is put forward, on the basis of the elements outlined throughout the proposed analysis, that fantasy may contribute 1) to a deciphering of the narrative originality of picturebooks and 2) to providing an instrument for analyzing creativity, thus confirming the robustness of the Munari-Rodarian approach.

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47

Kemble, Jonathan. "Display of Multi-Attribute Data Using a Presentation Description Language." Digital WPI, 1999. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1082.

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"In order to make large applications that manage multi-attribute data usable, they must have an effective user interface. Application data and data relationships must be displayed in a manner that is useful for a particular user while still following principles of user interface design. A User Interface Management System (UIMS) is an application independent data presentation system which isolates the interface portion of the application and can allow a high level of customization. A presentation description language can be used to control the UIMS and allow maximum flexibility. This thesis investigates a UIMS controlled by a language that allows a user to easily describe the application data and data relationships at a high level of abstraction. The UIMS uses this language to structure application data and augment it with properties. A rule-based system then uses the augmented data along with graphical design knowledge to determine the content, layout and details of the interface used to display the data. Finally, a graphical interface is generated to present the data. A system to provide this functionality was designed and implemented. Experiences with the system showed this approach to be valid and provided ideas for future work. "

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Melo, Neilton Falcão de. "O infográfico como prática de letramento no 8º ano do ensino fundamental." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2016. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6425.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The lack of visual literacy of the students and the increasing presence of the image in the social spaces attracted us attention about infographics, object of study of this research. Starting from the perspective of gender as a social action and discursive-semiotic, this study aimed to contribute to the teaching of Portuguese Language from activities that explore the multimodal language of infographics. It sought from multimodal elements that make up this genre, the realization of visual reading practices with the aim of improving the language skills of students. It started from multimodal elements that make up this genre, aiming in order to carry out visual reading practices with the aim of improving the language skills of students. For this paper it was adopt the bibliographic research and the action research as a scientific method, and as empirical field a school located in Umbaúba – SE. As data collection instruments were used questionnaire, rewritten infographics and observation. The research was based from the Grammar of Design Visual of the writers Kress and van Leeuwen (2006), which argues that the visual elements are full of meaning and the image has a specific and significant architecture. As a theoretical basis, it was also used studies of Bakhtin (2011), Marcuschi (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012), Dionisio (2011), Miller (2011, 2012), Bazerman (2007,2011), Soares (2012), Rojo (2005, 2012), Koch (2012, 2015), Cavalcante (2014), Dondis (2015), among others. Starting of the hypothesis that the infographic genre is almost not explored in the classroom and of the communication capability of the image that has a universal capacity to transmit information that can be learned by anyone, as well as the need for interactive insertion and dynamics of gender in educational practices, it was elaborated a Learning Digital Object (ODA). This ODA can be accessed by anyone on the Internet. The activities were made from the infographics of “Superinteressante” magazine. After all process of practicality and research, the results showed that the students were unaware of the genre infographics, as well as notions about images reading. It also proved that digital media allow greater exploitation in the transmission of knowledge, interaction of students with the reading and also dynamic and meaningful learning.
A carência dos alunos referente ao letramento visual e a crescente presença da imagem nos espaços sociais despertou-nos o interesse pela infografia, objeto de estudo desta pesquisa. Partindo-se das perspectivas de gêneros como ação social e discursivo-semiótica, o presente estudo objetivou contribuir com o ensino de Língua Portuguesa utilizando a linguagem multimodal do gênero textual infográfico. Buscou-se a partir dos elementos multimodais que compõem tal gênero, a efetivação de práticas de escrita e leitura visual com o intuito de aprimoramento dos conhecimentos linguísticos dos alunos. Para esta pesquisa, adotou-se como método científico a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa-ação, tendo como campo empírico um colégio estadual no município de Umbaúba - SE. Como instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados aplicação de questionário, retextualização de infográficos e observação. A pesquisa está fundamentada a partir da Gramática do Design Visual de Kress e van Leeuwen (2006), que defendem que os elementos visuais são imbuídos de sentidos e a imagem tem uma arquitetura própria e significante. Como aporte teórico, foram utilizados também os estudos de Bakhtin (2011), Marcuschi (2008, 2010, 2011, 2012), Dionisio (2011), Miller (2011, 2012), Bazerman (2007, 2011), Soares (2012), Rojo (2005, 2012), Koch (2012, 2015), Cavalcante (2014), Dondis (2015), dentre outros. Partindo-se do pressuposto de que o gênero textual infográfico é pouco explorado em sala de aula e da potencialidade comunicacional da imagem, que tem uma capacidade universal de transmitir informações que podem ser apreendidas por qualquer pessoa, bem como da necessidade de inserção interativa e dinâmica deste gênero nas práticas pedagógicas, elaborou-se um Objeto Digital de Aprendizagem (ODA). Este ODA pode ser acessado por qualquer pessoa na Internet. As atividades foram confeccionadas a partir de infográficos da revista Superinteressante. Após todo processo de praticidade e investigação, os resultados evidenciaram que os alunos desconheciam o gênero textual infográfico, bem como noções de leitura de imagens. Comprovou-se também que os recursos digitais possibilitam maior exploração na transmissão de conhecimentos, interação dos alunos na prática da leitura, aprendizagem dinâmica e significativa.

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Souza, Rosália Beber de. "Mais Brasil para Mais Brasileiros : campanha ou marketing político? Um estudo discursivo crítico." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4844.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:44:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2475819 bytes, checksum: b28b7aa843a366d96f80ddd0d2746207 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-02
Studying the ideological investments which are embedded in the speeches of the Federal Government from a campaign give us the opportunity to reflect upon the increasing crossing marketization into institutions previously unthinkable. Following this line of thought, our purpose is to investigate the new contemporary practices that the Federal Government uses to disclose its socials programs and their relationships with the media and political marketing. The campaign entitled More Brazil for more Brazilians is consisted of three videos and 17 radio programs. Nevertheless, in order to develop this study we will focus on the three videos which are entitled ladder light , Ladder family, and ladder taxes, and which are broadcasted by television and also by the Presidency website on the Secretariat for social communication link (SECOM). Our objective was to investigate whether the videos contribute to the maintenance/enhancement of the hegemonic capitalist system, and if that occurred, how such statement would be given through discourse. Concerning the method and theory, we employ the Grammar of Visual Design (GVD) by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), and the Social Theory of Discourse discussed by Norman Fairclough (2011, 2003). For the analyses and description of the movies it was used the Windows Movie Maker to select some scenes (frames). Doing so, not only the visualization but also the social actors moves in the narrative were better analyzed. Understanding the discourse as social practice, this research is justified by the importance in comprehending how society is organized into structures of power, producing and/or reproducing its values and ideologies through language.
Estudar as questões ideológicas que constituem os discursos do governo federal a partir de uma campanha nos propicia refletir sobre o atravessamento cada vez mais latente da marquetização em Instituições antes impensáveis. Neste sentido, nos propomos a investigar as novas práticas contemporâneas do Governo Federal para divulgar seus programas sociais e suas relações com a mídia e o marketing político. A campanha Mais Brasil para Mais Brasileiros é composta por 3 vídeos e 17 programas de rádio. Contudo, para esta pesquisa, nos pautaremos às análises dos vídeos, intitulados Escada Luz , Escada Família e Escada Impostos , veiculados pela mídia televisiva e pelo site da Presidência da República no link da Secretaria de Comunicação Social (SECOM). O que se pretendeu investigar foi se os vídeos contribuem para a manutenção/reforço do sistema hegemônico capitalista e, caso isso ocorresse, como se daria esta manutenção através do discurso. Como pressupostos teóricometodológicos, utilizamos a Gramática do Design Visual (GDV), proposta por Kress e van Leeuwen (2006), e a Teoria Social do Discurso (TSD) como cunhada por Norman Fairclough (2001, 2003). Para a análise e descrição dos filmes, foi adotado o programa Windows Movie Maker que possibilitou o recorte das cenas (frames), facilitando, não só a visualização, mas também, a análise das ações dos atores sociais envolvidos na narrativa. Entendendo o discurso como prática social, este estudo justifica-se pela relevância em entender de que forma a sociedade se organiza em estruturas de poder, produzindo/reproduzindo seus valores e ideologias através da linguagem.

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Khalifa, AlBara Jamal. "Research on dialogue-based CALL integrating tutoring and implicit learning : the design of an automatic joining-in type robot assisted language learning." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13128125/?lang=0, 2019. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13128125/?lang=0.

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This dissertation presents the design of a novel joining-in-type humanoid robot-assisted language learning that uses two robots to conduct a goal-oriented conversation with the human learner to practice English as a second language. The system uses implicit learning as the main learning style to teach the usage of a specific expression form. A mix of tutoring and peer learning is implemented in the course of a three-party conversation. This learning style enables the learner to gain linguistic knowledge, and at the same time it improves the performance of the speech recognition engine.
博士(工学)
Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering
同志社大学
Doshisha University

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Design Grammar'

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