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Academic literature on the topic 'Design Grammar'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Design Grammar"

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Li and, Xin, Linda C. Schmidt, Weidong He,, Lixing Li, and, and Yuanmei Qian. "Transformation of an EGT Grammar: New Grammar, New Designs." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1758256.

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True design with grammars lies in the creation of the grammar rules, not in the application of the rules to generate design alternatives. Existing grammars can be modified to describe new languages of designs [1–4]. Studying an epicyclic gear train graph grammar leads to purposeful relaxation of grammar rules and subsequent discovery of new designs. A revised new EGT grammar is presented, which is designed to generate a wider selection of valid EGTs.
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McCORMACK, JAY P., and JONATHAN CAGAN. "Designing inner hood panels through a shape grammar based framework." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 16, no. 4 (September 2002): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089006040216402x.

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A framework for a design tool based on shape grammars is presented as an effective means for supporting the early stages of design. The framework uses a shape grammar interpreter to implement parametric shape grammars, allowing the grammar to be used interactively by a designer or optimization routine. A shape grammar to design inner hood panels of vehicles is introduced as an example of a parametric engineering shape grammar, and it is used with the framework to create standard and novel designs made possible by rules that take advantage of shape emergence.
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Königseder, Corinna, and Kristina Shea. "Systematic rule analysis of generative design grammars." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 28, no. 3 (July 22, 2014): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060414000195.

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AbstractThe use of generative design grammars for computational design synthesis has been shown to be successful in many application areas. The development of advanced search and optimization strategies to guide the computational synthesis process is an active research area with great improvements in the last decades. The development of the grammar rules, however, often resembles an art rather than a science. Poor grammars drive the need for problem specific and sophisticated search and optimization algorithms that guide the synthesis process toward valid and optimized designs in a reasonable amount of time. Instead of tuning search algorithms for inferior grammars, this research focuses on designing better grammars to not unnecessarily burden the search process. It presents a grammar rule analysis method to provide a more systematic development process for grammar rules. The goal of the grammar rule analysis method is to improve the quality of the rules and in turn have a major impact on the quality of the designs generated. Four different grammars for automated gearbox synthesis are used as a case study to validate the developed method and show its potential.
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Khan, Sumbul, and Scott C. Chase. "Strategic style change using grammar transformations." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, no. 4 (February 26, 2016): 488–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000135.

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AbstractNew styles can be created by modifying existing ones. In order to formalize style change using grammars, style has to be formally defined in the design language of a grammar. Previous studies in the use of grammars for style change do not give explicit rationale for transformation. How would designers decide which rules to modify in a grammar to generate necessary changes in style(s) of designs? This paper addresses the aforementioned issues by presenting a framework for strategic style change using goal-driven grammar transformations. The framework employs a style description scheme constructed by describing the aesthetic qualities of grammar elements using adjectival descriptors. We present techniques for the formal definition of style in the designs generated by grammars. The utility of the grammar transformation framework and the style description scheme is tested with an example of mobile phone design. Analyses reveal that constraining rules in grammars is a valid technique for generating designs with a dominance of desired adjectival descriptors, thus aiding in strategic style change.
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Strobbe, Tiemen, Sara Eloy, Pieter Pauwels, Ruben Verstraeten, Ronald De Meyer, and Jan Van Campenhout. "A graph-theoretic implementation of the Rabo-de-Bacalhau transformation grammar." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 30, no. 2 (April 18, 2016): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060416000032.

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AbstractShape grammars are rule-based formalisms for the specification of shape languages. Most of the existing shape grammars are developed on paper and have not been implemented computationally thus far. Nevertheless, the computer implementation of shape grammar is an important research question, not only to automate design analysis and generation, but also to extend the impact of shape grammars toward design practice and computer-aided design tools. In this paper, we investigate the implementation of shape grammars on a computer system, using a graph-theoretic representation. In particular, we describe and evaluate the implementation of the existing Rabo-de-Bacalhau transformation grammar. A practical step-by-step approach is presented, together with a discussion of important findings noticed during the implementation and evaluation. The proposed approach is shown to be both feasible and valuable in several aspects: we show how the attempt to implement a grammar on a computer system leads to a deeper understanding of that grammar, and might result in the further development of the grammar; we show how the proposed approach is embedded within a commercial computer-aided design environment to make the shape grammar formalism more accessible to students and practitioners, thereby increasing the impact of grammars on design practice; and the proposed step-by-step implementation approach has shown to be feasible for the implementation of the Rabo-de-Bacalhau transformation grammar, but can also be generalized using different ontologies for the implementation.
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Zimmermann, Luca, Tian Chen, and Kristina Shea. "A 3D, performance-driven generative design framework: automating the link from a 3D spatial grammar interpreter to structural finite element analysis and stochastic optimization." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 2 (May 2018): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000324.

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AbstractSince the introduction of spatial grammars 45 years ago, numerous grammars have been developed in a variety of fields from architecture to engineering design. Their benefits for solution space exploration when computationally implemented and combined with optimization have been demonstrated. However, there has been limited adoption of spatial grammars in engineering applications for various reasons. One main reason is the missing, automated, generalized link between the designs generated by the spatial grammar and their evaluation through finite-element analysis (FEA). However, the combination of spatial grammars with optimization and simulation has the advantage over continuous structural topology optimization in that explicit constraints, for example, modeling style and fabrication processes, can be included in the spatial grammar. This paper discusses the challenges in providing a generalized approach by demonstrating the implementation of a framework that combines a three-dimensional spatial grammar interpreter with automated FEA and stochastic optimization using simulated annealing (SA). Guidelines are provided for users to design spatial grammars in conjunction with FEA and integrate automatic application of boundary conditions. A simulated annealing method for use with spatial grammars is also presented including a new method to select rules through a neighborhood definition. To demonstrate the benefits of the framework, it is applied to the automated design and optimization of spokes for inline skate wheels. This example highlights the advantage of spatial grammars for modeling style and additive manufacturing (AM) constraints within the generative system combined with FEA and optimization to carry out topology and shape optimization. The results verify that the framework can generate structurally optimized designs within the style and AM constraints defined in the spatial grammar, and produce a set of topologically diverse, yet valid design solutions.
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Hoisl, Frank, and Kristina Shea. "An interactive, visual approach to developing and applying parametric three-dimensional spatial grammars." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 25, no. 4 (October 12, 2011): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060411000205.

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AbstractSpatial grammars are rule based, generative systems for the specification of formal languages. Set and shape grammar formulations of spatial grammars enable the definition of spatial design languages and the creation of alternative designs. Since the introduction of the underlying formalism, they have been successfully applied to different domains including visual arts, architecture, and engineering. Although many spatial grammars exist on paper, only a few, limited spatial grammar systems have been computationally implemented to date; this is especially true for three-dimensional (3-D) systems. Most spatial grammars are hard-coded, that is, once implemented, the vocabulary and rules cannot be changed without reprogramming. This article presents a new approach and prototype implementation for a 3-D spatial grammar interpreter that enables interactive, visual development and application of grammar rules. The method is based on a set grammar that uses a set of parameterized primitives and includes the definition of nonparametric and parametric rules, as well as their automatic application. A method for the automatic matching of the left hand side of a rule in a current working shape, including defining parametric relations, is outlined. A prototype implementation is presented and used to illustrate the approach through three examples: the “kindergarten grammar,” vehicle wheel rims, and cylinder cooling fins. This approach puts the creation and use of 3-D spatial grammars on a more general level and supports designers with facilitated definition and application of their own rules in a familiar computer-aided design environment without requiring programming.
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Chau, Hau Hing, Alison McKay, Christopher F. Earl, Amar Kumar Behera, and Alan de Pennington. "Exploiting lattice structures in shape grammar implementations." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 32, no. 2 (May 2018): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060417000282.

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AbstractThe ability to work with ambiguity and compute new designs based on both defined and emergent shapes are unique advantages of shape grammars. Realizing these benefits in design practice requires the implementation of general purpose shape grammar interpreters that support: (a) the detection of arbitrary subshapes in arbitrary shapes and (b) the application of shape rules that use these subshapes to create new shapes. The complexity of currently available interpreters results from their combination of shape computation (for subshape detection and the application of rules) with computational geometry (for the geometric operations need to generate new shapes). This paper proposes a shape grammar implementation method for three-dimensional circular arcs represented as rational quadratic Bézier curves based on lattice theory that reduces this complexity by separating steps in a shape computation process from the geometrical operations associated with specific grammars and shapes. The method is demonstrated through application to two well-known shape grammars: Stiny's triangles grammar and Jowers and Earl's trefoil grammar. A prototype computer implementation of an interpreter kernel has been built and its application to both grammars is presented. The use of Bézier curves in three dimensions opens the possibility to extend shape grammar implementations to cover the wider range of applications that are needed before practical implementations for use in real life product design and development processes become feasible.
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LEE, EDWARD T., SHANG-YONG ZHU, and PENG-CHING CHU. "GENERATING RECTANGLES USING TWO-DIMENSIONAL GRAMMARS WITH TIME AND SPACE COMPLEXITY ANALYSES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 03, no. 03n04 (December 1989): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001489000267.

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A two-dimensional grammar for generating all possible rectangles is presented and illustrated by examples. The time and space complexity analyses of this grammar together with a parallel context-free array grammar and a free grammar are also presented. Generating pictures using two-dimensional grammars appear to be a fertile field for further study. The study of two-dimensional grammars has useful applications in region filling. pattern recognition. robotics, pictorial information system design and related areas.
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Ondra, Martin, David Škaroupka, and Jan Rajlich. "Innovating product appearance within brand identity." International Journal of Innovation Science 9, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-12-2016-0055.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the appearance of drills from one brand by using currently available design tools. It aims to find and discuss the relationship between appearance innovation and maintaining key design features. Design/methodology/approach The innovation process is studied on drills of a Czech power tool maker and a previously created concept of a new drill. First, the authors explore the similarities between the designed concept and previous models of the brand by calculating the degree of similarity of given shape features. Second, they capture the drills simple shape grammar and strive to generate a sketch of the concept. Findings Results show the use of several similar shape features from previous models in the innovated design. Shape grammar can create a principally similar concept, but some innovations cannot be achieved this way. A description of appearance innovation within brand identity in terms of shape grammar is given. Research limitations/implications The research is limited mainly to a small group of previous products that can be analyzed. It is done only for one particular brand identity. When used with the shape grammars, design generation is limited. Practical implications Better understanding of the innovative process aids designers in working with designs for brand identity and may serve to shape grammar enhancement. Originality/value The paper describes what happens during the innovation of product appearance and implicates enhancement and meaning of design analysis done by shape grammars and exploring similarities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Design Grammar"

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Kunkhet, Arus. "Harmonised shape grammar in design practice." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2015. http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/2209/.

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The aim of this thesis is to address the contextual and harmony issues in shape grammar (SG) by applying knowledge from the field of natural language processing (NLP). Currently shape grammars are designed for static models (Ilčík et al., 2010), limited domain (Chau et al., 2004), time-consuming process (Halatsch, 2008), high user skills (Lee and Tang, 2009), and cannot guarantee aesthetic results (Huang et al., 2009). The current approaches to shape grammar produce infinite design and often meaningless shapes. This thesis addresses this problem by proposing a harmonised shape grammar framework which involves applying five levels of analysis namely morphological, lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic levels to enhance the overall design process. In satisfying these semantically well-formed and pragmatically well-formed shapes, the generated shapes can be contextual and harmonious. The semantic analysis level focuses on the character’s anatomy, body function, and habitat in order to produce meaningful design whereas the pragmatic level achieves harmony in design by selecting relevant character’s attributes, characteristics, and behaviour. In order to test the framework, this research applies the five natural language processing levels to a set of 3D humanoid characters. To validate this framework, a set of criteria related to aesthetic requisites has been applied to generate humanoid characters; these include the principles of design (i.e. contrast, emphasis, balance, unity, pattern, and rhythm) and aspects of human perception in design (i.e. visceral, behavioural and reflective). The framework has ensured that the interrelationships between each design part are mutually beneficial and all elements of the humanoid characters are combined to accentuate their similarities and bind the picture parts into a whole.
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Colakoglu, M. Birgul (Meryem Birgul) 1966. "Design by grammar : algorithmic design in an architectural context." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8372.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, February 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 135-139).
An experimental study was performed to explore the practical applicability of the rule based design method of shape grammars. The shape grammar method is used for the analysis and synthesis of the hayat house type in a particular context. In the analysis part, the shape grammar method is used to extract basic compositional principles of the hayat house. In the synthesis part, first the evolution of a new hayat house prototype is illustrated. An algorithmic prototype transformation is considered. This transformation is achieved in two ways: by changing the values assigned to the variables that define the component objects of the form, and by replacing the vocabulary elements of the form with new ones. Then, the application of the rule based design method for housing pattern generation is explored. The design of a housing complex is illustrated using this method.
by M. Birgul Colakoglu.
Ph.D.
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Gu, Ning. "Dynamic Designs of Virtual Worlds Using Generative Design Agents." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/984.

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This research aims at developing a different kind of virtual world that is dynamically designed and implemented as needed. Currently, most virtual world designs are considered static. Similar to the physical world, these worlds are pre-defined prior to their use. The resultant environments serve certain purposes but do not take into consideration possible changes to the purposes during their use, changes which often occur when the occupants interact with the environments and with each other. Virtual worlds as networked environments can be flexibly configured and programmed. This flexibility makes it possible to consider virtual world designs in terms of dynamics and autonomy, reflecting the changing needs of different moments. To achieve dynamic designs of virtual worlds, this study applies a computational approach using rational design agents. A Generative Design Agent (GDA) model is developed that specifies computational processes for reasoning and designing in virtual worlds. The GDAs serve as personal design agents to the virtual world occupants. Design formalisms for virtual worlds are also addressed. The design component of a GDA is supported by the application of a generative design grammar. On one hand, generative design grammars serve as the generative force to be applied by the GDAs for virtual world design automation. On the other hand, each grammar defines coherent stylistic characterisations shared by the virtual world designs it generates. The technical outcomes of the research consist of the GDA model and a generative design grammar framework. The framework provides guidelines and strategies to designers for developing generative design grammars that produce different design languages for virtual worlds, rather than predefine every detail of all possible virtual world designs. GDAs monitor the virtual worlds and the various activities that occur in the worlds, interpret the occupants’ needs in the virtual worlds and the state of the worlds based on these observations, hypothesise design goals in order to satisfy these needs, and finally apply generative design grammars to provide virtual world designs for the moment, or initiate other actions in the worlds, according to the current design goals, on behalf of the occupants. The development of the GDA model and the generative design grammar framework provides new perspectives for understanding and developing virtual worlds. The GDA model challenges the conventional way that virtual worlds are designed and implemented, and this leads to dynamic designs of virtual worlds. The generative design grammar framework provides a computational approach to formally defining design languages for virtual worlds.
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Gu, Ning. "Dynamic Designs of Virtual Worlds Using Generative Design Agents." Architecture, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/984.

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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
This research aims at developing a different kind of virtual world that is dynamically designed and implemented as needed. Currently, most virtual world designs are considered static. Similar to the physical world, these worlds are pre-defined prior to their use. The resultant environments serve certain purposes but do not take into consideration possible changes to the purposes during their use, changes which often occur when the occupants interact with the environments and with each other. Virtual worlds as networked environments can be flexibly configured and programmed. This flexibility makes it possible to consider virtual world designs in terms of dynamics and autonomy, reflecting the changing needs of different moments. To achieve dynamic designs of virtual worlds, this study applies a computational approach using rational design agents. A Generative Design Agent (GDA) model is developed that specifies computational processes for reasoning and designing in virtual worlds. The GDAs serve as personal design agents to the virtual world occupants. Design formalisms for virtual worlds are also addressed. The design component of a GDA is supported by the application of a generative design grammar. On one hand, generative design grammars serve as the generative force to be applied by the GDAs for virtual world design automation. On the other hand, each grammar defines coherent stylistic characterisations shared by the virtual world designs it generates. The technical outcomes of the research consist of the GDA model and a generative design grammar framework. The framework provides guidelines and strategies to designers for developing generative design grammars that produce different design languages for virtual worlds, rather than predefine every detail of all possible virtual world designs. GDAs monitor the virtual worlds and the various activities that occur in the worlds, interpret the occupants’ needs in the virtual worlds and the state of the worlds based on these observations, hypothesise design goals in order to satisfy these needs, and finally apply generative design grammars to provide virtual world designs for the moment, or initiate other actions in the worlds, according to the current design goals, on behalf of the occupants. The development of the GDA model and the generative design grammar framework provides new perspectives for understanding and developing virtual worlds. The GDA model challenges the conventional way that virtual worlds are designed and implemented, and this leads to dynamic designs of virtual worlds. The generative design grammar framework provides a computational approach to formally defining design languages for virtual worlds.
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Cottle, Katherine. "Effective MUGs| A Grammar Curriculum for Basic Writers." Thesis, University of Delaware, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13427448.

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The purpose of this study was to design a grammar curriculum that could help college age students in basic writing classes to identify and correct grammatical errors in their own writing. After reviewing literature in best practices in grammar instruction as well as other kinds of instructional best practices, the grammar curriculum, Effective MUGs (MUGs stands for mechanics, usage, and grammar), takes advantage of these best practices including sentence combining, sentence revision, sentence creation, grammar in context, strategies instruction, and Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). The study was designed to measure how effective the grammar curriculum was (by examining student writing in essays as well as grammar exercises), how students used tools in the curriculum (by examining results from cognition labs), and how students and instructors perceived the curriculum (through interviews). The data on student grammatical error from this study must be viewed with reservations because of the lack of statistical significance. The most significant findings were qualitative and offered insight into the strengths of the Effective MUGs curriculum as well as which aspects that need revision. Both students and instructors thought that the gradual release of strategies instruction was one of the most effective tools and they both enjoyed using BYOD in conjunction with Google Docs. Students were most challenged by subject-verb identification and feeling confident about use of unfamiliar sentence elements; instructor interviews confirmed these student challenges. The data from the study will prompt revision to the curriculum as well as enhanced professional development.

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Volarath, Patra. "Application of Term-Rewriting Grammar in Chemical Reaction Prediction." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/chemistry_diss/21.

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Synthesis planning is a critical process in chemical design. A number of computer programs have been developed to assist the chemists with this procedure. Most of the programs utilize combinations of computational approaches. These have been successfully applied to a number of the synthesis predictions. However, they require numerous rules to screen for potential targets, as well as to keep the system from reaching the combinatorial explosion. This results in the advanced algorithms becoming more complex and parameter-sensitive. This can be problematic, particularly in the cases in which a large number of the compounds are to be handled, because it can not only result in a lengthy computational time, but also cause some of the highly potential targets to be missed. We developed a simpler approach for the reaction prediction using a term-rewriting grammar. The term-rewriting strategy is used to directly assign reactions to the compounds. This greatly reduces the number of rules that are usually required for these steps, and, hence, facilitates the prediction performance, while maintaining the prediction accuracy. In this dissertation, the designs of the developed algorithms and their results are first being presented, followed by a discussion of the approach’s application in the chemical design in the final chapter.
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Alsallal, Abdulaziz S. "Maintaining cultural identity in design : shape grammar as means of identifying and modifying design style." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2013. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/20967/.

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This research is an attempt to find an objective system for maintaining cultural identity in design. The proposed framework will guide interior designers to identify the key features and design language of their traditional style, and then to modify it to give more variety to the developed style and to help it keep pace with fast developments in the field of design. This work came from the need to find a solution to the fact that there is a lack of cultural identity in the field of design such as those of furniture, decor and facades, in particular in the state of Kuwait. The lifestyle of the people of Kuwait has changed dramatically since oil was discovered, the lifestyle of its people has changed dramatically. The development of its economy have resulted in a more wealthy and up-to-date society. Such a transformation was not imposed on them, but was rather their choice. The problem is not in modernisation, but in the rush towards it without comprehending its consequences. There is no doubt that the traditional crafts are an important source of inspiration when generating new ideas, but what if the process of generation leads to cliché designs? The focus of this research involves the analysis of a popular traditional Kuwaiti product called Sadu. Style in art and architecture is measured in terms of consistency over a series of artifacts which can be recognised through the similarity between them. The aim of this research is to create a link between consistency in style and the Kuwaiti style, and it does this by dividing the work into three sections, each with an associated milestone. The first employed focus groups to identify the Kuwaiti style. The results of the test clarified the most common features of geometric shapes and symmetry rules among the Sadu products that directly influence the approach which the study proposes. Then the shape grammar method was adopted as a means of identifying the Sadu design language. The second section developed the traditional style using knowledge gained from the first step as a means of generating new designs. Seven design groups were created, each with a unique approach to creating patterns. The groups were tested to evaluate whether that the new designs had not lost their original identity, and to identify which method produces the most recognisable patterns of the Kuwaiti Sadu style, and what are the common rules in the seven groups that successfully generate this Kuwaiti style. Also the test measured the likability of the design group amongst Kuwaitis. In the final section, a design tool was created which incorporated features inspired by the data and evidence gathered throughout the study. The tool was then tested and evaluated to measure the consistency of the patterns it produced with the Kuwaiti cultural style. The tool produces inspirational designs that can be used for architecture or product design that has a theme of cultural identity, such as furniture, illumination, flooring and plan layout. Methods of developing a Kuwaiti style whilst at the same time maintaining its original identity have been presented. The key to developing the original style was firstly to measure it by identifying the common style features. Sadu was used as a case study as this was deemed an iconic representation of traditional Kuwaiti style. Specific geometric shapes and symmetry rules were established among the tested designs and these features were found to capture the essence of the original style. Shape grammars were applied to explore the style and the results produced a set of rules that were indicative of that style. In the second step, Kuwaiti Sadu was developed by shape grammars and the common rules of the established style were augmented with new rules that would produce recognisable and likable patterns which were still of the Sadu style. The degree to which these were recognised and liked by a sample of Kuwaiti people was tested. The end stage of this research was to develop a software tool with features established from the data gathered in the previous stages that produced consistent Sadu patterns so that Kuwaitis and non-Kuwaitis would be able to produce designs that maintain the original style. The framework and design tool that were used to develop a traditional style proved to be successful. These were used to generate 2D developed style designs that were translated into 3D models, through action research from an interior designer. These were found to emulate the Kuwaiti style.
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Haugereid, Petter. "Phrasal subconstructions : A constructionalist grammar design, exemplified with Norwegian and English." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk- og kommunikasjonsstudier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-5755.

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Nasuf, A. "An automated shape grammar approach to structural design description and optimisation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/359741/.

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The main objective of this research is to develop and evaluate an automated design description and optimisation framework based on the Shape Grammar (SG) syntax. In particular, an algorithmic methodology to automate the SG syntax using evolutionary intelligence is proposed. The proposed automation of SG is achieved by mapping the genetic information provided by a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to context-free grammar rules by a means of Backus-Naur Form (BNF) syntax known as Grammatical Evolution (GE). GE is an efficient optimisation tool, which can be used in a variety of optimisation problems. First, its use in single and multi-objective optimisation of mathematical functions is demonstrated. Several techniques for synthesis of variables using specific BNF syntaxes are proposed. The results obtained from numerical experiments are compared with those obtained using a standard GA. Interestingly, the results show a notable improvement in the convergence speed over the standard GA for the functions tested. This observation surpassed expectations, since the GE is based on the GA. The use of GE is then extended to automate the SG syntax by deriving a grammar based design shape description and optimisation framework. To evaluate its efficacy and to demonstrate the concept, this framework is applied to two distinctive classes of problems frequently encountered in engineering practice. The first class of problems is related to shape descriptions and optimisation aspects of structural design. A specific BNF syntax is developed for planar shapes which makes use of four SG rules with arc primitives of variable size given by a radius and an angle of rotation. These SG rules are then used in the synthesis of piecewise parametric curves for the shape description and optimisation of a planar crane hook. The experimental results show superiority in convergence speed when compared to shape optimisation of the same problem based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS) combined with a GA search strategy. The second class of problems considered here relates to the topology description and optimisation of planar trusses. Several BNF syntaxes are developed to achieve simultaneous topology, size and configuration optimisation. The experimental results thus obtained show good agreement with the results reported in the literature using an alternative truss optimisation method based on GA. Furthermore, by using the proposed truss description and optimisation method the computational expense is significantly reduced. The proposed design description and optimisation framework based on the SG syntax is a fast and efficient design exploration tool. The successful application of this proposed framework combining SG with design exploration in a range of structural problems validates the proposed idea.
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Weber, A., S. Fasoulas, and K. Wolf. "Conceptual interplanetary space mission design using multi-objective evolutionary optimization and design grammars." Sage, 2011. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A38443.

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Conceptual design optimization (CDO) is a technique proposed for the structured evaluation of different design concepts. Design grammars provide a flexible modular modelling architecture. The model is generated by a compiler based on predefined components and rules. The rules describe the composition of the model; thus, different models can be optimized by the CDO in one run. This allows considering a mission design including the mission analysis and the system design. The combination of a CDO approach with a model based on design grammars is shown for the concept study of a near-Earth asteroid mission. The mission objective is to investigate two asteroids of different kinds. The CDO reveals that a mission concept using two identical spacecrafts flying to one target each is better than a mission concept with one spacecraft flying to two asteroids consecutively.
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Books on the topic "Design Grammar"

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Steels, Luc, ed. Design Patterns in Fluid Construction Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cal.11.

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Design patterns in fluid construction grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2012.

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1947-, Van Leeuwen Theo, ed. Reading images: The grammar of visual design. London: Routledge, 1996.

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1947-, Van Leeuwen Theo, ed. Reading images: The grammar of visual design. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2006.

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On display: A design grammar for museum exhibitions. London: Lund Humphries, 1987.

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Anaphora and language design. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press, 2011.

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H, Tsubaki, Nishina K, and Yamada S, eds. The grammar of technology development. [Tokyo?]: Springer, 2008.

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The design of agreement: Evidence from Chamorro. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

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Process grammar: The basis of morphology. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, 2012.

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Printing, London College of. BA MPD Design History thesis 1990: The Grammar of Ornament. A rule Book for Design. London: London College of Printing, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Design Grammar"

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Reicher, Christa. "The “Grammar” of the City." In Urban Design, 47–118. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34370-5_4.

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Grune, Dick, Kees van Reeuwijk, Henri E. Bal, Ceriel J. H. Jacobs, and Koen Langendoen. "Grammar-based Context Handling." In Modern Compiler Design, 209–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4699-6_4.

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Knight, Terry W. "Designing a Shape Grammar." In Artificial Intelligence in Design ’98, 499–516. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5121-4_26.

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Nicolau, Miguel, and Alexandros Agapitos. "Understanding Grammatical Evolution: Grammar Design." In Handbook of Grammatical Evolution, 23–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78717-6_2.

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Woodbury, Robert. "The Grammar Lens: How Spatial Grammar Channels Interface Design." In KAIST Research Series, 199–226. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2329-3_17.

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Hong, Tzu-Chieh Kurt, and Athanassios Economou. "Five Criteria for Shape Grammar Interpreters." In Design Computing and Cognition’20, 191–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90625-2_11.

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Steels, Luc. "Design Methods for Fluid Construction Grammar." In Computational Issues in Fluid Construction Grammar, 3–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34120-5_1.

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Chau, Hau Hing, Xiaojuan Chen, Alison McKay, and Alan de Pennington. "Evaluation of a 3D Shape Grammar Implementation." In Design Computing and Cognition ’04, 357–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2393-4_19.

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Summer, Theresa. "Grammar Education in the Global Village: A Guideline for Grammar Activity Design." In Impulse zur Fremdsprachendidaktik – Issues in Foreign Language Education, 305–36. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737012232.305.

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Eloy, Sara, and Jose Pinto Duarte. "A Transformation Grammar-Based Methodology for Housing Rehabilitation." In Design Computing and Cognition '12, 301–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9112-0_17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Design Grammar"

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Li, Xin, Linda Schmidt, Weidong He, Lixing Li, and Yuanmei Qian. "Transformation of an EGT Grammar: New Grammar, New Designs." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dtm-21716.

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Abstract Grammars generate design options through the application of predefined rules that transform collections of symbols into more meaningful expressions. Research on the nature of grammars tells us that writing the rules is where the fundamental design activity occurs. Using the grammar rules allows us to explicitly articulate one design at a time. We can exploit the design power of grammars further by modifying a grammar to describe new languages of designs. Here we examine an existing grammar to demonstrate how modifying its rule base to relax an assumption can expand the space of solutions it generates significantly. We show that investing our design attention on the grammar itself can yield dramatic results.
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Agarwal, Manish, and Jonathan Cagan. "Shape Grammars and Their Languages: A Methodology for Product Design and Product Representation." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dtm-3867.

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Abstract This paper argues that shape grammars and the languages they define are an ideal means to generate and represent products where basic functionality can be decomposed into discrete processes, forms can be created to fulfill those functional processes, and variation in those forms differentiates between competitive products. A shape grammar for the design of coffee makers is highlighted and used to illustrate how an infinite set of a class of products can be articulated through a concise shape grammar. Novel coffee makers and coffee makers in the market today are generated from the grammar.
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Königseder, Corinna, and Kristina Shea. "A Method for Visualizing the Relations Between Grammar Rules, Performance Objectives and Search Space Exploration in Grammar-Based Computational Design Synthesis." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46761.

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Design grammars have been successfully applied in numerous engineering disciplines, e.g. in electrical engineering, architecture and mechanical engineering. A successful application of design grammars in Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) requires a) a meaningful representation of designs and the design task at hand, b) a careful formulation of grammar rules to synthesize new designs, c) problem specific design evaluations, and d) the selection of an appropriate algorithm to guide the synthesis process. Managing these different aspects of CDS requires not only a detailed understanding of each individual part, but also of the interdependencies between them. In this paper, a new method is presented to analyze the exploration of design spaces in CDS. The method analyzes the designs generated during the synthesis process and visualizes how the design space is explored with respect to a) design characteristics, and b) objectives. The selected algorithm as well as the grammar rules can be analyzed with this approach to support the human designer in successfully understanding and applying a CDS method. The case study demonstrates how the method is used to analyze the synthesis of bicycle frames. Two algorithms are compared for this task. Results demonstrate how the method increases the understanding of the different components in CDS. The presented research can be useful for both novices to CDS to help them gain a deeper understanding of the interplay between grammar rules and guidance of the synthesis process, as well as for experts aiming to further improve their CDS application by improving parameter settings of their search algorithms, or by further refining their design grammar. Additionally, the presented method constitutes a novel approach to interactively visualize design space exploration considering not only designs objectives, but also the characteristics and interdependencies of different designs.
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McCormack, Jay, and Jonathan Cagan. "Enabling the Use of Shape Grammars: Shape Grammar Interpretation Through General Shape Recognition." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dtm-14555.

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Abstract Shape grammars have recently shown promise in engineering applications. The need to efficiently implement such grammars, rather than hard code them, in a way that supports creativity through shape emergence has still remained an ongoing research challenge. This paper introduces a shape grammar interpreter that supports parametric shape recognition, and thereby shape emergence. The approach divides shapes into hierarchies of subshapes based on specified geometric relationships within the shape. A default hierarchy based on geometric relations often found in engineering and architectural designs is presented as an efficient example of one appropriate hierarchy. A classic shape grammar demonstrates the interpreter’s shape recognition and generation abilities.
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Colakoglu, Birgul. "Design by Grammar:." In eCAADe 2007: Predicting the Future. eCAADe, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.919.

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Colakoglu, Birgul. "Design by Grammar:." In eCAADe 2007: Predicting the Future. eCAADe, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2007.919.

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Sangelkar, Shraddha, and Daniel A. McAdams. "Automated Graph Grammar Generation for Engineering Design With Frequent Pattern Mining." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67520.

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Graph grammars, a technique for formulating new graphs based on a set of rules, is a very powerful tool for computational design synthesis. It is particularly suitable for discrete categorical data where principal component analysis is generally not applicable. Furthermore, this technique utilizes three different programs in conjunction with a design repository, which is opposed to traditional methods that require experts to empirically derive graph grammars. This technique can be separated into three steps. These steps are the creation of the input, graph data mining, and interpretation of the output with the intention of these steps being to automate or assist an expert with the process of extracting engineering graph grammars. Graph grammars that can then serve as guidelines during concept generation. The results of this paper show that this technique is very applicable to computational design synthesis by testing only a small number of products and still producing tangible results that coincide with empirically derived graphs. Fifty electromechanical products from the design repository are used in this study. When comparing, the machine generated grammar rules with expert derived grammar rules, it can be seen that only 14% cannot be developed, 58% cannot be mined with the current setup and 28% were mined with the current set up. However, it is important to keep in mind a few considerations. Specifically, the technique does not replace the expert. Instead, the technique acts as more of an aid than a replacement. Also, while this technique has great potential in regards to computational design synthesis, it is limited to the products in the design repository and the current implementation of the aforementioned programs. Despite these minor considerations, this work proposes application of graph data mining to derive engineering grammars.
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McCormack, Jay P., and Jonathan Cagan. "Increasing the Scope of Implemented Shape Grammars: A Shape Grammar Interpreter for Curved Shapes." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48643.

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The complexity of shape grammars being produced continues to surpass the technology behind implementing them. One step towards implementing more useful shape grammars is the creation of a subshape matching technique for shapes composed of curved lines that lie in a plane. An interpreter with this ability allows for the practical implementation in general of two-dimensional grammars as well as opening the door for new applications of shape grammars. Our method for matching shapes consisting of curved lines is outlined and some examples from the Buick brand shape grammar, which was implemented by our interpreter, are shown. The emergent properties of shape grammars are also explored and considered using the new technique.
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McCormack, Jay, Jonathan Cagan, and James Antaki. "Aligning Shape Rule Creation With Modular Design: Minimizing the Cost of Using Shape Grammars." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49366.

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Shape grammars provide the means to represent the physical embodiment of a class of products in a set of generative rules. Once developed, the shape grammar can be used to generate new forms through automated synthesis or interaction by one or more designers. However, a fundamental shortcoming of this rule-based system is that creating the shape rules is time consuming and imprecise. The traditional approach to create a set of rules from an existing set of products was an ad hoc process of generalizing form, identifying feature options, and classifying logical subdivisions of the complete product geometry. This paper proposes a formal method of shape grammar creation that is aligned with well-known design methodologies and tools in order to enable the creation of a shape grammar during the product development process. The established methodologies for creating functional models and modular products provide many of the requisite steps for creating a shape grammar and provide a skeleton onto which a rule creation approach can be mapped.
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Schmidt, Linda C., and Jonathan Cagan. "Recursive Annealing: A Computational Model for Machine Design." In ASME 1993 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1993-0026.

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Abstract A recursive model of conceptual design occurring along an abstraction continuum is introduced. An algorithm based upon recursive simulated annealing is proposed for a computational implementation of the model. The mapping from function to form is accomplished using an abstraction grammar, a set of compatible string grammars for representing the function and form nature of machine components at various levels of abstraction. The promise of a recursive approach to machine design is demonstrated.
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Reports on the topic "Design Grammar"

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Aiyar, Yamini, Vincy Davis, Gokulnath Govindan, and Taanya Kapoor. Rewriting the Grammar of the Education System: Delhi’s Education Reform (A Tale of Creative Resistance and Creative Disruption). Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-misc_2021/01.

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The study was not designed to undertake an evaluation of the success or failure of reform. Nor was it specifically about the desirability or defects of the policy reform choices. It took these reform choices and the policy context as a given. It is important to note that the Delhi reforms had its share of criticisms (Kumar, 2016; Rampal, 2016). However, our goal was not to comment on whether these were the “right” reforms or have their appropriateness measured in terms of their technical capability. This study sought to understand the pathways through which policy formulations, designed and promoted by committed leaders (the sound and functional head of the flailing state), transmit their ideas and how these are understood, resisted, and adopted on the ground. In essence, this is a study that sought to illuminate the multifaceted challenges of introducing change and transition in low-capacity settings. Its focus was on documenting the process of implementing reforms and the dynamics of resistance, distortion, and acceptance of reform efforts on the ground. The provocative claim that this report makes is that the success and failure, and eventual institutionalisation, of reforms depend fundamentally on how the frontline of the system understands, interprets, and adapts to reform efforts. This, we shall argue, holds the key to upending the status quo of “pilot” burial grounds that characterise many education reform efforts in India. Reforms are never implemented in a vacuum. They inevitably intersect with the belief systems, cultures, values, and norms that shape the education ecosystem. The dynamics of this interaction, the frictions it creates, and reformers’ ability to negotiate these frictions are what ultimately shape outcomes. In the ultimate analysis, we argue that reforming deeply entrenched education systems (and, more broadly, public service delivery systems) is not merely a matter of political will and technical solutions (although both are critical). It is about identifying the points of reform friction in the ecosystem and experimenting with different ways of negotiating these. The narrative presented here does not have any clear answers for what needs to be done right. Instead, it seeks to make visible the intricacies and potential levers of change that tend to be ignored in the rush to “evaluate” reforms and declare success and failure. Moving beyond success to understand the dynamics of change and resistance is the primary contribution of this study.
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